Gas purification techniques

Gas scrubber
Gas scrubber are cleanings installations in which the gas flow is brought
in intensive contact with a fluid which as aim to remove gaseous
components from the gas to the fluid. Gas scrubber can be applied as
emission control technique at various gaseous emissions. Gas
scrubbing is also called absorption.
At gas scrubbers there therefore talk of a transition of components of
the gas phase to the Liquid phase. The degree in which is possible to
convert gaseous components to the fluid phase depends on solubility on
these components in the fluid. The balance concentration at the mist
stage which belongs to a certain concentration at the fluid stage
depends on the temperature, a higher temperature of the fluid phase
results in a higher balance concentration at the mist stage. Lowering of
the temperature has therefore also a favorable impact on the output. By
adding chemicals to the carrier fluid in which absorbed components are
converted, the load can increase. Adding of chemicals that can react
with the absorbed gases has a favorable impact on the absorption
output has.
Beside water (wet scrubbers) also organic fluids are used as an
absorption means. In many cases chemicals or micro-organism are
added to the carrier fluid to put or neutralize the gases which are solved
in the fluid (conditioned scrubber). By this conversion the concentration in
water becomes lower and more of the gasses can solve (according to the
law of Henry). In practice gas scrubber exist from three components: an
absorption section for substance exchange, demister and a recirculation
tank with pump.

The liquid gas ratio L/G of the gas scrubber is the proportion between the
flow of the carrier fluid
and the flow of the gas flow. Concerning the dimensioning and for the
appraisal of the functioning
of the gas scrubber it is important know how much fluid by m³ gas is
necessary to reach the desired remaining emission. L/G proportion is not
only stipulated by required the remaining emission, but also in the
concentration of the removable components in the gas flow and in - and
outgoing liquid flows. L/G proportion in a concrete situation depends
therefore on the chosen carrier system, the properties of the to purify gas,
the carrier fluid and the removable component and the demands which
are made to the remaining emission. Gas scrubber can be classified to
the flow direction of the gas regarding to the fluid. Thereby it is
distinguished in counter-, crossflowscrubbers or flowscrubber.
Gas scrubber can be also classified to the implementation of the
transmission section, as it happens with or without deduction. The built-in
can be a dumped or a structured packing is or a construction with plates
or a
rotating disk.
Applicability of the different types of scrubbers is especially stipulated by
properties of the gas to purify.
The advantages of gas scrubbing are:
 Broad application range
 Very high disposal output
 Compact installation and simply in maintenance
 Relatively simple technology
 Can serve also as refrigeration for warm gas flows (quencher)

The disadvantages of the gas scrubbing are:

 Effluent must be treated
 Water - and reactant consumption
 When dust becomes simultaneous catched from, is
demoisterizing is needed
 Frost sensitive
 Dependent on the place construction can be necessary
 Packing material are for constipation by substance (> possibly
sensitive 10 mg/m3) and
 For fragrance problems frequently pilot tests have been required
value the feasibility in.

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