C, E HAY & H. W. SULLVAN.

ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE,
APPLICATION FED SEPT, 1914.

Patented Sept. 28, 1915,

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 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
CHARLEs E. HAY, OF ILFORD, AND HERBERT W. SULLIVAN, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE.
1,155,058. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 28, 1915.
Application filed September 1, 1914. Serial No. 859,605.
To all whom it may concern: will have a negative reactance (the capacity
Be it known that we, CHARLEs EDWARD preponderating over the self-inductance)
HAY and HERBERT VATsoN SULLIVAN, sub and each successive layer will be increas
jects of the King of Great Britain, residing ingly negative by reason of its greater 60
respectively, at Ilford, in the county of length. Therefore, when the various bifilar
Essex, and at London, both in England, layers composing the coil are joined in Se
have invented certain new and useful Im ries, the sum of the reactances, positive and
provements in Electrical Resistances, of negative respectively, are made to equal
which the following is a specification. Ze TO 65
O This invention relates to electrical re This method of construction has the ad
sistances of high values for alternating cur vantage that for any given unit of resist
rents particularly for wireless telegraphy ance so formed, the coils have the smallest
and telephony. possible capacity to external bodies or con
The object of the present invention is to ductors, and enables a resistance of higher 70
5 construct an improved compact resistance ohmic value to be produced in a more com
which is non-reactive, that is, free from pact form than has hitherto been designed
residual inductance or capacity effects, and for alternating current measurements of
which may be readily adjusted to the high precision.
degree of ohmic accuracy necessary in pre The invention is illustrated in the accom 75
20 cision instruments. panying drawings; in which -
According to the presentinvention weem Figure i is an end elevation of a resist
ploy a bifilar winding which is wound spi ance unit, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation
rally to form a layer upon a cylindrical tube partly in section.
of insulating material having suitable di These views are drawn to an enlarged 80
25 mensions. number of cylindrical tubes scale and are somewhat diagrammatic.
are thus wound and are placed within each o, a, is a bifilar wire wound upon a cylin
other and the lose ends of these bifilar wires drical tube b. A number of tubes b thus
are joined in series. Each layer is separated wound are placed within one another as
and insulated from its fellow layers by such shown in Fig. 2 and the loose ends of the 85
a distance that the effective capacity be wires a, o', are brought out through a slot
tween the layers is negligible compared with e' in one of the cheeks c, and are then ad
the capacity between the wires of each layer. justed and are afterward connected in series
The distance between the wires forming each in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2 we have only shown
bifilar convolution depends upon the gage the ends of the innermost layer brought out 90
35 of the wire and also the dimensions of the for adjustment.
bobbin on which the wire is wound. These A 1,000 ohm coii may be constructed with
dimensions, in turn, are designed so as to the following dimensions: Gage of wire
obtain a minimum capacity to external-con 6 mils., specially covered to 10 mills. Mate
ductors or bodies. The ends of each layer rial of wire-Ewèka. Length of bobbin— 95
40 are looped or joined together at one side of 550 milis. Diameter of bobbin—1250 \mils.
the bobbin, and the other ends are brought Number of layers of wire-10. Distance be
out at the opposite side of the bobbin for tween layers-50 mils. In this example the
adjustment and connection purposes. We so wire is covered with silk and the tubes are
regulate the number of turns in each layer made of vulcanized fiber. 00
45 as to render each complete unit of resistance What we claim is:-
non-reactive. For example, in a 1.000 ohm i. An electrical resistance, having a plu
coil of our design wound upon a bobbin, the rality of superposed cylindrical windings
first layer will be of a certain length and connected in series and insulated from each
have a certain pre-calculated positive react other, the positive reactance in each wind 05
50 ance (by the term "positive' we mean the ing from the innermost decreasing until the
preponderance of self-inductance over ca zero reactance point is reached, and addi
pacity). The second layer, being longer tional windings each having a successively
than the first, will have a correspondingly increasing negative reactance.
smaller positive reactance, and so on until 2. An electrical resistance, having a plu- 110
55 with successive layers the zero reactance rality of superposed cylindrical windings
point has been reached. Then the next layer connected in series and insulated from each
 1,155,058

other, the positive reactance in each wind
ing from the innermost decreasing until the
zero reactance point is reached, additional
windings each having a successively increas
5 ing negative reactance, so that the sum of
-the reactance positive and negative equals
Z02 '0. - ends of said wires are brought out for ad
3. In an electrical resistance, the combina
tion of a number of concentric cylindrical
tubes made of insulating material, a bifilar
wire, the wires of which are joined at one
end, wound upon each tube and forming a
layer thereon, the other and loose ends of
said wires being brought out for adjustment
5 and connected in series, the innermost layer
of the wildings having a pre-calculated posi
tive reactance and each successive layer hav
ing a less positive reactance until the zero
reactance point is reached, after which the
layers have a negative reactance, each suc
cessive layer having a more negative react
ance, so that the sum of the reactance posi
tive and negative equals zero, substantially
as shown and described. ? O. J. NoRTH,
25 4. In an electrical resistance, the combina
tion of a number of concentric cylindrical
tubes made of insulating material, a bifilar
wire, the wires of which are joined at one
end, wound upon each tube and forming a
layer thereon, end cheeks, a slot in one end 30
cheek through which the other and loose
justment and connected in series, the inner
most layer of the windings having a pre
calculated positive reactance and each suc 35
cessive layer having a less positive react
ance until the zero reactance point is
reached, after which the layers have a nega
tive reactance, each successive layer having 40
a more negative reactance, so that the sum
of the reactances positive and negative
equals zero, substantially as shown and de
scribed. .
In witness whereof we have hereunto set
our hands in presence of two witnesses.
CHARLES E. HAY.
HERBERT W. SULLIVAN.
. Witnesses:
WM. GIRLING.