MPA TPPA: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
LECTURE 1: THEORY AND PRACTICE
1st SEMESTER | AY 2022 - 2023
Professor: Jaime A. Ayuro, Ph.D.
THEORY VS PRACTICE
- a supposition or a system of ideas intended to
explain something, especially one based on
general principles.
- an idea and concept that gives vital knowledge
and information
THEORY
- Academic models or frameworks that are
developed to help explain or predict certain
phenomena.
- They are generally discipline specific and often
build upon or even contradict one another.
- The theory is the driver for practice.
- A well-sustantiated explanation of an aspect of
the natural world that can incorporate laws,
hypotheses and facts.
PRACTICE
- Describes the application of knowledge or
skills in a given situation. It involves describing various writers in the following ways:
experiences you've had, explaining the way
you've created or designed something, or
imagining what might happen in a real-life
situation
- The customary, habitual, or expected
procedure implemented or way of doing
something that the people within the
organization are accustomed to.
- The actual application or use of an idea, belief,
or method, as opposed to theories relating to it.
BARRIERS IN THE PRACTICE OF THEORY
- Lack of trust to the very idea of the theory
- Lack of perceived professional support
- Insufficiencies in teaching and learning
process
- Presence of non-standard practices (variation
of application)
- Knowledge and idea in the interpretation of
the theory and concept
- Differences between doing things in the
simulated world and real clinical situations
SUPPORT GIVEN BY THEORY
TO PRACTICE
- Theory helps the practitioner to create the
goals that will improve the operation of the
organization
- Theory helps to enhance and improve
efficiency and effectivity of workers
- It helps an individual in justifying one's
decision made
Theory practice gap is the discrepancies found
between what students learn in the formal
classroom setting and what theu experience in the
clinical settings and what they experienced in the
field.
FACTORS THAT WILL MAKE THEORY AND
PRACTICE UNIFIED
Curriculum
- it should be aligned to the standard set both
local and for the international
Religious application for precise theory in the
field
Updating of Theories in the field
Benchmarking
ADMINISTRATION
The concept of administration is defined by
"Administration is a long and slightly pompous
word, but it has a humble meaning, for it means,
to care for or look after people, to manage
affairs… is determined action taken in pursuit of a
conscious purpose"
- E.N. Gladden
"Administration is the organization and use of
men and materials to accomplish a purpose."
- Felix A. Nigro
"In its broadest sense, administration can be
defined as the activities of groups cooperating to
accomplish common goals."
- Herbert A. Simon
"Administration is determined action taken in
pursuit of conscious purpose. It is the systematic
ordering of affairs and the calculated use of
resources, aimed at making those things happen
which we want to happen and simultaneously
preventing developments that fail to square with
our intentions."
- John A. Veig
 MPA TPPA: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
LECTURE 1: THEORY AND PRACTICE
1st SEMESTER | AY 2022 - 2023
Professor: Jaime A. Ayuro, Ph.D.

"Administration is the organization and “Public administration is administration related

direction of human and material resources to with the operation of government whether central
achieve desired ends." or local”
- Pfiffner - Percy McQueen
“The art of administration is the direction, "By public administration is meant in common
coordination and control of many persons to usage, the activities of the executive branch of the
achieve some purpose or objective.” national, state and local government."
- L.D. White - Herbert Simon (1957)
CATEGORIES OF PUBLIC
“Administration has to do with getting things done; ADMINISTRATION DEFINITION
with the accomplishment of defined objectives." POLITICAL Definitions
- Public Administration is What Government
- Luther Gulick Does
- Public Administration is Both Direct and
“Administration is a process involving human
Indirect
beings jointly engaged in working towards
- Public Administration is A Phase in the
common goals.”
Public Policymaking Cycle
- George E. Berkley - Public Administration is Implementing the
Public Interest
“Administration is the capacity of coordinating
- Public Administration is Doing Collectively
man and often conflicting social energies in a
that which cannot be so well Done
single organism, so cleverly that they shall
operate in unity.” Individually

- Brooks Adams LEGAL Definitions

- Public Administration is Law in Action
"Administration is the arrangement of men and - Public Administration is Regulation
materials in the rational carrying out of purposes." - Public Administration is the King's Largesse
- Public Administration is Theft
- Keith Henderson
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MANAGERIAL Definitions
- Public Administration is The Executive
“Public Administration consists of all those
Function in Government
operations having for their purpose, the fulfillment
- Public Administration is A Management
or enforcement of public policy as declared by
Specialty
competent authority”
- Public Administration is Mickey Mouse
- LD White (1995) - Public Administration is Art, Not Science--or
Vise Versa
“Public Administration is detailed and systematic
application of law”.
OCCUPATIONAL Definitions
Every particular application of law is an act of - Public Administration is An Occupational
administration. Category
- Woodrow Wilson (1889) - Public Administration is An Essay Contest
- Public Administration is An Idealism in
Action
- Public Administration is An Academic Field
 MPA TPPA: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
LECTURE 1: THEORY AND PRACTICE
1st SEMESTER | AY 2022 - 2023
Professor: Jaime A. Ayuro, Ph.D.

ROLES OF GOVERNMENT
"Management is the art and science of decision
- Providing public goods making and leadership."
- Managing externalities
- Government Spending - Donald S. Cough
- Distribution of Income
- Crafting and steward of budget "Good management, or scientific management,
- Taxation achieves a social objective with the best use of
- Social Security human and material energy and time, and with
satisfaction for the participants and the public."
FUNCTION OF THE GOVERNMENT
A government's basic functions are - Mary Cushing Nile
providing:
"To manage is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to
- leadership
command, to coordinate, and to control."
- maintaining order
- providing public services - Henry Fayol
- providing national security
- providing economic security "Management is a social and technical process
- and providning economic assistance which utilizes, resources, influences, human
action and facilitates changes in order to
ADMINISTRATION
accomplish organizational goals."
"Administration is organizing and maintaining
- Theo Haimann & William Scott
human and fiscal resources to attain a group's
goals."
- Management is the organizational process
- Frederick Lane that includes strategic planning, setting,
objectives, managing resources, deploying the
- The action of dispensing, giving or applying
human and financial assets needed to achieve
something.
objectives, and measuring results.
- The process or activity of running a
- Management also includes recording and
business organization.
storing facts and information for later use or
- Responsibility of caring for a government
for others within the organization.
property.
- Management functions are not limited to
- The process of dealing with or controlling
managers and supervisors. Every member of
things or people.
the organization has some management and
MANAGEMENT reporting functions as part of their job.
- The responsibility for and control of a company
or organization.
"Management is the art of getting things done
through and with people in formally organized
groups."
- Harold Koontz
"Management is a disconnect process consisting
of planning, organizing, activating and controlling
performed to determine and accomplish the
objectives by the use of people and resources."
- George R. Terry