PORTFOLIO

IN
CYBERCRIME
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW

Submitted by: Aldrin B. Hermosilla

Submitted to: Carl Angelo Espedilla, RCRIM

 PARTS OF A COMPUTER
COMPUTER CASE
01
This is the part that holds all of the internal
components to make up the computer itself.
It is usually designed in such a manner to
make fitting a motherboard, wiring, and
drives as easy as possible. Some are
designed so well that it is easy to make
everything look tidy and presentable too.
ROM: READ ONLY MEMORY
03
Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of
storage medium that permanently stores
data on personal computers (PCs) and
other electronic devices. It contains the
programming needed to start a PC, which is
essential for boot-up; it performs major
input/output tasks and holds programs or
software instructions.
GRAPHICS CARD
05
A graphics card processes the data from
the motherboard and sends the appropriate
information to the monitor for it to be
displayed. It can do so using an HDMI,
Display Port, DVI, or VGA connector.
Graphics cards use GDDR (Graphics
Double Data Rate) SDRAM, which is
specially designed to optimize graphics
performance.
MOTHERBOARD
02
The motherboard is the main board that is
screwed directly inside the computer case. All
other cards and everything else, plugs directly
into the motherboard, hence its name. The
CPU, RAM, drives, power supply, and more all
get connected to it. Its function is to integrate
all the components so they can communicate
and operate together.
RAM: RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
04
The RAM keeps data ready for the CPU to
process. The speed of the RAM is a big
contributor to the overall speed of a computer.
It plugs directly into a long slot that has
contacts on either side of the slot. It, too, has a
clock speed, just like a processor. So, it can
also be over clocked to deliver increased
performance beyond the intended
specification.
SOUND CARD
06
The sound card can accept an analog sound
(as from a microphone or audio tape) and
convert it to digital data that can be stored in an
audio file, or it can accept digitized audio
signals (as from an audio file) and convert them
to analog signals that can be played on the
computer's speakers.
 HARD DRIVE
07
A hard drive is the hardware component
that stores all of your digital content. Your
documents, pictures, music, videos,
programs, application preferences, and
operating system represent digital content
stored on a hard drive.
PSU: POWER SUPPLY UNIT
09
A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains
AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for
the internal components of a computer.
Modern personal computers universally use
switched-mode power supplies. Some
power supplies have a manual switch for
selecting input voltage, while others
automatically adapt to the mains voltage.
KEYBOARD
11
A keyboard's primary function is to act as
an input device. Using a keyboard, a
person can type a document, use keystroke
shortcuts, access menus, play games and
perform a variety of other tasks.
SSD: SOLID STATE DRIVE
08
SSDs or HDDs work alongside your system's
memory and processor to access and use
data. Solid state drives use different
technology than traditional hard drives that
allow SSDs to access data faster, improving
your computer's performance.
VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT (VDU)
10
Short for video display unit, VDU is a
computing device that allows for input by a
user and output to a display, like a computer
monitor. A VDU consists of a display device
and a keyboard, and could also include a
mouse. In the United States, it is sometimes
referred to as a video display terminal, or
VDT
MOUSE
12
A mouse allows the user to move a pointer
displayed on the monitor and experience a
more intuitive interaction with the computer.
 CPU:CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
13
The CPU is basically like the brain of a
computer. It processes all the information
on a computational level. It takes
information from the RAM and processes it
to perform the tasks required from the
computer. It is usually seated in a socket
that utilizes a lever or a latch with a hinged
plate with a cut out in the center to secure it
onto the motherboard.
NETWORK INTERFACE CONTROLLER
16
A NIC provides a computer with a
dedicated, full-time connection to a
network. It implements the physical layer
circuitry necessary for communicating with
a data link layer standard, such as Ethernet
or Wi-Fi. Each card represents a device
and can prepare, transmit and control the
flow of data on the network.
INPUT AND OUTPUT INTERFACES
14
An input device sends information to a
computer system for processing, and an output
device reproduces or displays the results of
that processing. Input devices only allow for
input of data to a computer and output devices
only receive the output of data from another
device.
EXTERNAL STORAGE AND SERVERS
17
External storage enables users to store data
separately from a computer's main or primary
storage and memory at a relatively low cost. It
increases storage capacity without having to
open up a system. The function of a computer
server is to store, retrieve and send or "serve" files
and data to other computers on its network. Many
businesses of all sizes use a local network or
"intranet" in their office facilities.
 COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Boot sequence is the order in which

a computer searches for nonvolatile
data storage devices containing
program code to load the operating 01
system (OS). Typically, a Macintosh
structure uses ROM and Windows
uses BIOS to start the boot
sequence.

An operating system has three main

functions: (1) manage the computer's
resources, such as the central
02 processing unit, memory, disk drives,
and printers, (2) establish a user
interface, and (3) execute and provide
services for applications software.

Application software is a type of

computer program that performs a
specific personal, educational, and
business function. Each application is
designed to assist end-users in
03
accomplishing a variety of tasks,
which may be related to productivity,
creativity, or communication.