We’ll start today by taking a look at deoxyribonucleic acid—also known

as D-N-A. DNA is the ……hereditary (di truyền)…………………..material in

our cells that contains all the …information……………….. our bodies need
to grow and live. It is the reason why some people are short and others
are tall. Why some people have blue eyes and others have brown. DNA
is also the reason why some people have really …terrible
diseases……………………….

Research has shown that DNA is made up of …four bases………………..:

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. These bases form pairs—base
pairs. Adenine and thymine …connect………………… together, and
guanine and cytosine ……connect…………………. together. This is the only
way the pairs …connect together………………... So, for example, there
wouldn’t be a guanine attached to a thymine. Researchers have learned
that human DNA contains approximately ……three billion……………………
base pairs. That’s …three billion………………………. And all of those base
pairs are in each and every ……cell……………….. of our bodies.

Now, as you might imagine, …three billion………………base pairs is quite a

lot of information. It’s a good thing then that these base pairs are ……
well organized…………………….. inside the cell. As you can see from this
diagram, one end of the base pairs connects at the …
center…………………… of the DNA, and at the other end they attach to a
sugar-phosphate …backbone……………………. The base pairs and sugar-
phosphate ………backbone…twist…………………………….. to give DNA its
shape, which is called a double helix. It was discovered in ……
1953…………………….. You know, s think the discovery of this structure
has been the most important discovery in ……molecular
biology……………………………………… over the past 100 years. It has given
us a much better understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

More recently, scientists have developed a really deep understanding

of DNA. So deep that they are now able to change the DNA in our cells
to make the cells work better. That sounds …positive……………... But
some are worried that this might ……cause problem…………………………
later.