Semantics

Glossary
Nahui Ollin Díaz de León Oñate
 1.
UNIT 1

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 UNIT 1
Communication: Semantics:
The intentional transmission of factual, or Semantics is the study of meaning in
propositional, information. language.
Example:

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Meaning: Restated, the
In linguistics, communication of
meaning is the meaning is the
content carried by purpose and function
the words or signs of language.
exchanged by people
when communicating
through language.

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 Let’s review some concepts

Form: the structure of a phrase or clause. In a

given context, certain forms are required in
English to be considered accurate. is
described by reference to rules that speakers
follow (either consciously or unconsciously)
and is likely what most people think of when
they think of grammar..

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Function:
A language function refers to what
people do with language as they
engage with content and interact
with others.
Functions represent the active use
of language for a specific purpose.
Students use language functions in
order to express ideas,
communicate with others, and
show understanding of content in
an academic setting.

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 Use and intention:

▧ Science begins with curiosity.

▧ Science begins with the nineteenth
letter of the English alphabet. When a
word is used to refer to something, it is
said to be being used.
When a word is quoted, though, so that
someone is examining it for its surface
aspects (typographical, phonetic, etc.), it is
said to be being mentioned

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icon!
signs are those whose forms mirror their meanings in some respect.

✋👆👉👍👤👦👧👨👩👪💃🏃
💑❤😂😉😋😒😭👶😸🐟🍒
🍔💣📌📖🔨🎃🎈🎨🏈🏰🌏
🔌🔑 and many more...
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 Let’s review some concepts
Language:
Any natural human language is a
complex sign system, 'designed' to
ensure infinite expressive capacity,
that is to say, there is nothing that is
thinkable which cannot in principle be
encoded (provided no limit is placed
on the complexity of utterances).
Each elementary sign is a stable
symbolic association between a
meaning and a form (phonetic or
graphic); elementary signs may
combine together in a rule-governed
way to form complex signs which
convey correspondingly complex
meanings

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 arbitrary:
signs with no
natural analogical
correspondences
between their
forms and their
meanings are
called arbitrary

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 Onomatopoeia::
A word that has
sounds that
resemble what
it means.

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 Let’s review some concepts

Paralinguistic:
Either they cannot be produced except
during speech (because they are carried on
the voice), or they cannot be interpreted
except in conjunction with accompanying
language.
Examples of the first variety are abnormal
volume, tempo, pitch, and voice quality; to
function as signs, there must be a departure
from some (personal) baseline or norm

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 Non-linguistic:

Non-linguistic can be broken down into

categories. The following are he most
important for the classroom.
▧ Gestures
▧ Facial expressions
▧ Eye contact
▧ Kinesics or body language
▧ Proxemics

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 Gestures:
Gestures in language acquisition are a form of non-verbal communication involving
movements of the hands, arms, and/or other parts of the body

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Facial expressions
Consider all that can be
said with just a facial
expression

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Kinesics or body language :

Postures give quite a bit

of information.

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 Arbitrariness:

DEFINITION EXAMPLE

In linguistics, arbitrariness is the

absence of any natural or
necessary connection between a
word’s meaning and its sound or
form

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 2.
UNIT 11
 Let’s review some concepts

Denotation:
The literal or primary
meaning of a word, in
contrast to the feelings or
ideas that the word
suggests.
The action or process of
indicating or referring to
something by means of a
word, symbol, etc.

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 Connotation::
An idea or feeling
that a word invokes
in addition to its
literal or primary
meaning.
The suggesting of a
meaning by a word
apart from the thing
it explicitly names or
describes.

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Concept words:

Concepts are words that

tell us about location (i.e.
in front of/behind), size
(i.e. big/little), time (i.e.
yesterday/tomorrow),
prepositions (i.e under)
and sequential language
(e.g first, last).
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Modelling: Whenever a teacher
Modelling is an demonstrates a concept
instructional strategy in for a student, that
which the teacher teacher is modelling.
demonstrates a new
concept or approach to
learning and students
learn by observing.

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 Grammar words:
(linguistics) Words for which the primary
function is to indicate grammatical
relationships.
Grammatical words include
articles, pronouns, and conjunctions.

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Lexical fields:
A lexical field denotes a segment of
reality symbolized by a set of
related words.
Lexical field or semantic field is the
way of organizing related words
and expressions into a system
which shows their relationship to
one another.

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Lexical
ambiguity:
Lexical ambiguity is the
presence of two or more
possible meanings for a
single word.

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