Chapter 4 – Conceptualizing a Research Study

APPPLY from pages 47 – 49.

Name: ___ _________________________________ Date: ______________________

A. Read the title below. Does it ask the basic question about the research title? Explain.

“The Effects of Parental Reading Socialization and Early School Involvement on the
Children’s Academic Performance: A Panel Study of the Primary School Pupils in Netherlands”

B. Read the introduction then answer the questions that follow.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative pathology (Zhao, Tan,

Lau, Au, Li and Luo, 2008; Damiano, Snyder, Strausser and William, 1999; Kluding and McGinnis,
2006; Michell, Lewis, Foltynie, Barker, 2004; Montel, 2009) which is characterized by rigidity, tremors
and bradykinesia (Damiano et.al, 1999; Michell et.al, 2004) PD is the 3 rd most common neurologic
disorder among elders (Ignatavicius and Workman, 2006). Approximately 317, 065 of the 86 million
population in the Philippines suffer from the Parkinson’s Disease (U.S. Census Bureau International
Database, 2004). As the elderly population grows, PD continues to be a challenge confronting care
professional (Fisher,1999).

Due to the rise of prevalence of PD, there has been a several studies conducted focusing on
the pharmacologic, surgical and genetic interventions. Although pharmacologic therapy is the
mainstay of intervention for the condition, the value of non-pharmacologic therapies as adjunct
management is accentuated to address the associated disabling symptoms (Gage and Storey, 2004).

Recreational activities may come in a form of traditional arts. Traditional arts is defined as
“arts that have been practiced for at least three generations, including arts form precolonial and
colonial periods, actively practiced by artists and craftsmen in the country. And passed on to the
practitioners” (Respicio 2007 cited by Loza de Guzman and Jose, 2008). Traditional Filipino Arts (TFA)
make use of indigenous art materials, which according to Loza et.al (2008), are given little attention
for the possible rediscovery and utilization. Little is known about the significance of TFA as
therapeutic recreation for elderly individuals.

in the effort of understanding the lived experience of an elderly; individual with PD, this study aims
to gain insight into her experience in learning TFA. To the best of tour knowledge, this is the first
study that specifically explored the therapeutic effect to older adults with PD, it is important for the
nurse to understand the patient’s experience of the said intervention.
1. What is the problem?
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative pathology which is
characterized by rigidity, tremors and bradykensia.

2. Why it is the problem?

Due to rise of the prevalence of PD, this had been several studies conducted focusing on
the pharmacologic, surgical and genetic interventions.

3. How should be solved?

Recreational activities may come in the form of traditional arts. Traditional arts is defined
as “arts that have been practiced for at least three generation, including arts form from
precolonial and colonial periods, actively practiced by artists and craftsmen in the country a
passed on other practitioner.

4. Why should be solved?

Approximately 317,05 of the 86 million population of the Philippines suffer from
Parkinson’s diseases. As the elderly population grows, PD continues to be a challenge
confronting care professionals.

5. What is the purpose of the study?

This study aims to gain insight in to her experience in learning TFA. Furthermore, to
improve health care delivery to older adults with PD.
C. Go to the library to gather background information on the topic you have identified. Follow
the guidelines below.

1. Gather background information on the topic you have identified.

2. Determine the current state of knowledge and become familiar with current research.
3. Be familiar with what is currently known and what is currently being done in a research
area.
ASSESS from pages 50 - 54

A. Explain how to conceptualize a research topic.

1. Finding your focus

It could be asking for article that you’ve already read that got a lot of question from
humanity.

2. What are the gaps in the literature?

The gap, also considered the missing piece or pieces in the research literature, is the area that
has not yet been explored or is under-explored.

3. Where to start

1. Gather background information

2. Creating a research question and their statement will help guide your research.
3. Developing a topic

4. Refining research topics

Refining is research question and requires you to as your self questions about your topic and
what you want to know.
 B. Read the sample statement of the problem.

The main objective of this research undertaking was to conduct an assessment on the
implementation of SBM Program in Public Elementary Schools in the District of Bacolor, Pampanga.
More specifically, the study attempted to answer the following sub-problems:
1. How do the stakeholders assess the six dimensions of School Based Management Program by
School?
1.1 School Leadership
1.2 Internal Stakeholders
1.3 External Stakeholders
1.4 School Management Process
1.5 Resource Management and
1.6 Performance Accountability
2. How do the stakeholders assess the implementation of SBM dimension by school?
3. Are there significance relationships between among the respondent group’s assessment
on the different dimensions?
4. What are the issues and concerns on the SBM implementation?
5. What improvement plan be developed to achieve the SBM standards?

 What is the main problem?

The implementation of SBM program in public elementary school in the district of Bacolor,
Pampanga

 What are the minor or specific problems?

1. Hoe do the stakeholders assess the six dimensions of school based management program
by school?
1.1 School Leadership
1.2 Internal stakeholders
1.3 External

C. Read a referred journal/article on a topic you are interested in. Write the title of the study.
 Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Self-protection , coping and resilience “against pandemic travel
fear”.

Write the main problem and specific questions.

a. The antecedents and behavioral consequences of individuals pandemic travel fear!

b. How people impose self-protection, coping resilience towards post-pandemic travel.
c. Travel fear evokes coping strategies and increases psychological resilience
d. Emotional factors affecting protection motivation post-pandemic behavior.

D. Read the background of the study then complete the table below.

Title: School- Based Management of Selected Public Secondary Schools in the City
Division of in Cavite

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

To achieve the Education For All (EFA) objectives by 2015, the Department of Education is
pursuing policy reform under the Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA). Key Reform Thrust
(KRT) of BESRA is School- Based Management (SBM). SBM underscores the empowerment of key
stakeholders in school communities to enable them to actively participate in the continues
improvement of schools towards the attainment of higher pupil/student learning outcomes.
The Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 provides the legal basis for the
decentralization of the basic education management and governance to the level closely to the
learners. The school and community (Republic Act 9155).
The Department of Education has stepped up its efforts to decentralize education
management a strategy that is expected to improve the department’s operating efficiency and
upgrade education quality. the DepEd i9is now accelerating the implementation of School- Based
Management (SBM), a key component of Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA). With SBM
as the key provider of the education, the school will be equipped to empower its key officials to make
informed and localized decisions based on their unique needs toward improving the educational
system.
A decision as to where and into what aspect of schools’ management and processes a school
and its stakeholders may start to build upon, as prescribed in the SBM Scale of practice, makes
assessment imperative. Assessment is also important to determine the directions of improvements to
attain the mature level of SBM practice.
Identify the background and setting by answering all the questions about the topic.

Questions Answers
Who Pupil/students
Where Public secondary schools in the city division of in Cavite

When 2015
What The department of education is pursuing policy reform under the basic education
sector reform agenda (BERSA). Key reform thrust (KRT) of BERSA is school based
management (SBM). SBM under score the empowerment
Why

E. Formulate the hypothesis

Problems:

1. What is the personality profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Dominance
1.2. Influence
1.3. Steadiness
1.4. Conscientiousness

Ho1:

2. How is the disc personality profile of the respondents related to their performance in chemistry?

Ho2:

Problems:

1. Is there a significant difference between the anxiety levels of the respondents living in a
dormitory and those who are not?

Ho1:
2. Is there a significant difference between the quality of life of the respondents living in a
dormitory and those you are not?

Ho2: