Napoles, Jerecho

Sumiguin, Jessa Lee

Buenafe, Shena
Abletes, Madilyn
De Torres, Keah Anne
pomarejos, atasha
DIETARY MODIFICATION
AND DIET THERAPY
These are the changes made during food
preparation, and consumption to increase
the biavailability of micronutrients-and
reduce micronutrients deficiencies in a
food at the commercial or
individual/household level (Beck and
Health 2013).
it is a meal plan that controls the intake
of certain foods. It is practice followed in
many hospitals as part of the treatment
of a medical condition and are normally
prescribed by a physician and plan by a
dietician.
to provide a change in the constituents of the
diet

to maintain, restore or correct nutritional status

to include all nutrients in the diet

to increase or decrease the energy value of the

diet

to provide foods bland in flavor

These diets used in the treatment of
gastro intestinal tract. These diets can
be range from a very low residue diet to
a very high fibre diet.
1. Clear Liquid
2. Full Liquid
3. Soft
4. Mechanical Soft Diet
5. Light Diet
6. Pureed Diet
7. Bland
(i) Liquid Diets
This diet provides about 30 grams of
protein per day. This is achieved with liberal
use of carbohydrates and fat.
Low Calorie
High Calorie
High Protein
Low Protein
Low Fat
Low Cholesterol
Low Carbohydrates
Law Salt/Sodium restricted
Low Potassium
Low Purine / Purine restricted
Diet Therapy is the branch of dietetics
concerned with the use of foods for
therapeutic purpose. It is method of eating
prescribed by a physician to improve and
promote optimum health.
To maintain nutritional status
To correct nutritional deficiencies
To afford rest to the whole body or to
specific organs affected by the disease.
To adjust the food intake to the body's
ability to metabolize the nutrients during
the disease.
To bring about changes in the body weight
whenever necessary.
Nutrition Education and
Counseling: Behavioral
Change
Behavior change theories & models used in
nutrition education & counseling are
validated within the field of dietetics.
It offers systematic explanations for
nutrition-related behavior change.
They are integral to the nutrition care
process, guiding nutrition assessment ,
intervention & outcome evaluation.
Behavior Change
Behavior does not occur in a vacuum
Adapting new behavior entails "cost" and
benefits
Focus on individual internal processes
Cannot ignore socio-cultural and physical
environment influences.
SELF-EFFICACY

Stands alone & incorporated into

numerous models
"our personal belief of how capable we
are of exercising control over events in
our life.
Attainment of health behavior changes
correlate solidly with strong self-efficacy
integral part of health care system
it provides primary, secondary and tertiary
prevention.
offers nutrition education and medical
therapy w/ reduces the risk and the impact
of diseases & illnesses.
impacts positively management of or
prevention of many diseases and illnesses
1. Build the foundation
2. Define problems
3. Select alternative solutions
4. Plan for change
5. Reach commitment
6. Evaluate progress
 1.

Establishing rapport
- if rapport is not established it is unlikely that the
problem solving process will proceed.

Gathering Data
- for purpose of both screening and assessment
- data is needed in order to determine the nature
and scope of the problem.
 Look at the problem from several dimension
- physiological, psychosocial, the patient,
the counselor.
- may have to address problems that
are not direct nutrition issues (smoking and
weight control in teen girl)

As problems are defined they evolve into

goals
Explore as many options as possible
for addressing the problems
Consider changes in food choices,
feelings, attitudes, beliefs, or even
interpersonal relationships.
Select one or two alternatives
Affirm client's ability to make
desirable changes
Identify coping mechanism for
difficult situations related to the
problem.
 Bring about genuine commitment
into action
Agree on:
- What are you going to do? (goals)
- how are you going to go about it?
(plan)
- what will be the consequences of the
change? (outcome)
- what are the barriers to change?
(barriers)
What was accomplished during the
session and how does your client
feel about it?
How can achievements be
incorporated into new nutrition
behaviors
Bring about closure:
- signal end session.
REWARD STRATEGIES
systematic process by which practitioner or
client uses reward as an incentive for
specific behavior change.
rewards may be used for attendance,
completion of food record, weight loss, or
maybe predetermined by the client or
teaching a defined goal.
Identification of barriers to goal
achievement, brainstorming solutions,
weighing the pros and cons of potential
solutions, implementing solutions,
evaluating solutions for effectiveness, and
adjusting strategies.
Facilitate Lifestyle awareness
Healthy Lifestyle decision making
Take appropriate action
appropriate and adequate food intake
food behaviors
symptoms that may affect appropriate
food intake
benefits & risk of supplemental nutrients
strategies of symptom management.
1. Trans Theoretical Model/ stages
2. Cognitive Behavioral Theory
3. Social Learning Theory
Focuses on the decision-making of the
individual.
Operates on the assumption that people do
not change behaviors quickly & decisively
This transits that individual move through
the 6 stages of change
1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation/ determination
4. Action
5. Maintenance
6. Termination/ Relapse
 1. Precontemplation - people are often
unaware that their behavior is problematic
or produces negative consequences.

2. Contemplation - the people are intending to

start a healthy behavioral & foreseeable future
so that people recognize that their behavior
may be problematic .

3. Preparation/ Determination- people are

ready to take action.
4. Action- people have recently changed
their behavior & intend to keep moving
forward with that behavior change.

5. Maintenance- people have sustained

their behavioral change going forward.

6. Termination - people have no desire to

return to their unhealthy behaviors.
It is based on the idea that how we think
(cognition), feel (emotion), how we act
(behavior) all interact together.
Utilizes a directive, action-oriented
approach & that teaches a person to
explore, identify, & analyze dysfunctional
patterns of thinking & acting.
People learn by observing other's
social interactions, experiences,
and outside media influences.
Provides structure for
understanding predicting, and
changing behavior.
Motivational Interviewing

Complements stages of change model

Focus build strategies to motivate clients to
build commitment
Motivation considered a state of readiness
Patient centered counseling, resolve,
ambivalence, reduce resistance &
encourage action.
Motivational Interviewing
*Basic Principles

express empathy (acceptance &

understanding of a clients perspective)
Develop discrepancy between present
behavior & goals.
Avoid escalating resistance (defensiveness;
denial, arguing, showing reluctance)
Roll with resistance
Support self-efficacy
Motivational Interviewing
*Specific Strategies

Listen respectively
Elicit self-motivational statements
(opportunities for client to make arguments
for change)
Ask open ended questions (curiosity,
concern, & respect.
Programs and Services
available in GO's and
NGO's
In 1969 the National Coordinating Council on Food
Nutrition (NCCFN) was formed to organize the efforts of
the government and private sectors in the area.
Government agencies included the Food and Nutrition
Research Center (FNCR), the Department of Health,
Education, Defense, and Social Welfare, the Presidential
Assistance of Community Development, and the National
Economic Council.
In 1970, the NCCFN merged with the National Food and
Agriculture council (NFAC) under the Department of
Agriculture. NFAC was then given task of coordinating
the nutrition program within the country under a
Philippine Food and Nutrition Program.
In 1974, nutrition was given priority status in the
development plan with the creation by Presidential
decree of the National Nutrition Council (NCC) to
coordinate and implement a Philippine Nutritional
Program (PNP) that would integrate the efforts of public
and private agencies.
At the same time Mrs. Marcos founded the Nutrition
Center of the Philippines to draw the resources and
cooperation of the private sector behind program.
 Evidence-Based
Guidelines (EBG) in
Nutrition
are series of guiding statements and
treatment algorithms developed using a
systematic process for identifying,
analyzing and synthesizing scientific
evidence.
these are a designed to assist in
decisions about appropriate nutrition
care for specific disease states or