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• Digestion- is the process the body uses to break down food into nutrients. The body uses the nutrients
for energy, growth, and cell repair.
• Electrolytes- are minerals in body fluids. They include sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride.
When you are dehydrated, your body does not have enough fluid and electrolytes.
• Enzymes- are substances that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
• Fatty Acid- is a major component of fats that is used by the body for energy and
tissue development.
• Fiber- is a substance in plants. Dietary fiber is the kind you eat. It's a type of
carbohydrate. You may also see it listed on a food label as soluble fiber or insoluble
fiber.
• Gluten- is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. It can also be in products such
as vitamin and nutrient supplements, lip balms, and certain medicines.
• Glycemic Index- (GI) measures how a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood
sugar.
• HDL- stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is also known as “good” cholesterol.
HDL is one of the two types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol throughout your
body. It carries the cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver.
Your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.
• LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is also known as “bad” cholesterol. LDL
is one of the two types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol throughout your
• Metabolism- is the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food
you eat.
• Monounsaturated Fat- is a type of fat is found in avocados, canola oil, nuts, olives
and olive oil, and seeds. Eating food that has more monounsaturated fat (or
"healthy fat") instead of saturated fat (like butter) may help lower cholesterol and
reduce heart disease risk.
• Nutrients- are chemical compounds in food that are used by the body to function
properly and maintain health. Examples include proteins, fats, carbohydrates,
vitamins, and minerals.
• Nutrition- This field of study focuses on foods and substances in foods that help
animals (and plants) to grow and stay healthy. Nutrition science also includes
behaviors and social factors related to food choices.
• Polyunsaturated Fat- is a type of fat that is liquid at room temperature. Protein
• Protein- is in every living cell in the body. Your body needs protein from the foods you
eat to build and maintain bones, muscles, and skin. You get proteins in your diet from
meat, dairy products, nuts, and certain grains and beans.
• Saturated Fat- is a type of fat that is solid at room temperature. Saturated fat is found
in full-fat dairy products (like butter, cheese, cream, regular ice cream, and whole milk),
coconut oil, lard, palm oil, ready-to-eat meats, and the skin and fat of chicken and
turkey, among other foods.
• Sodium- table salt is made up of the elements sodium and chlorine - the technical
name for salt is sodium chloride. Your body needs some sodium to work properly. It
helps with the function of nerves and muscles. It also helps to keep the right balance of
fluids in your body.
• Sugar- are a type of simple carbohydrate. They have a sweet taste. Sugars can be
found naturally in fruits, vegetables, milk, and milk products.
• Total Fat- fat is a type of nutrient. You need a certain amount of fat in your diet to
stay healthy, but not too much. Fats give you energy and help your body absorb
vitamins.
• Trans Fat- is a type of fat that is created when liquid oils are changed into solid
fats, like shortening and some margarines. It makes them last longer without
going bad. It may also be found in crackers, cookies, and snack foods.
• Triglycerides- are a type of fat found in your blood. Too much of this type of fat
may raise the risk of coronary artery heart disease, especially in women.
• Water Intake-We all need to drink water. How much you need depends on your
size, activity level, and the weather where you live. Keeping track of your water
intake helps make sure that you get enough. Your intake includes fluids that you
drink, and fluids you get from food.
Classification of Nutrients
• Nutrients are chemical substances found in food that are required by the body to
provide energy, give the body structure, and help regulate chemical processes.
There are six classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins,
minerals
• Proteins- are digested into amino acids. Twenty amino acids have important
functions in your body, 9 of which are essential and must be obtained from foods.
Protein is essential in forming muscles to create new enzymes and hormones.
• Fats- are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. This is an important part of
the diet that can also provide the body with energy.
Micronutrients
• Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small
amounts. They perform a range of functions, including enabling the body to
produce enzymes, hormones and other substances needed for normal growth and
development.
• Micronutrients are the elements required by us in small quantities. Iron, cobalt,
chromium, iodine, copper, zinc, molybdenum are some of the micronutrients.
Deficiency of any of the nutrients affects growth and development.
• Vitamins and minerals are essential for bodily functions such as helping to fight
infection, wound healing, making our bones strong and regulating hormones.
Vitamins and minerals can cause toxicity if consumed in large amounts.
NUTRITION
• Science of food and nutrients, their action and interaction, in the relation of
providing the body with necessary substances to maintain homeostasis.
• Nutritional imbalance affects maintaining health and preventing disease and is
essential for optimal growth and body function.
• The foods we eat provide energy (calories) and nutrients such as protein, fat,
carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, and water. Eating healthy foods in the right
amounts gives your body energy to perform daily activities, helps you to maintain
a healthy body weight, and can lower your risk for certain diseases such as
diabetes and heart disease.
Nutrition Tools Standards and Guidelines
>Adequacy
>Balance
>Calorie Control
>Moderation
>Variety
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans
• Eat a variety of food
• Balance the food you eat with physical
• Activity- maintain or improve your weight.
• Choose a diet with plenty of grain
• Products, vegetable and fruits.
• Choose a diet moderate in sugar.
• Choose a diet moderate in salt and sodium.
• If you think alcoholic beverages, do so in moderate
Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2000)
Aim for fitness