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A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN INDIA

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Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research ISSN NO: 0022-1945

A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN INDIA

Dr.C.PARAMASIVAN
Assistant Professor
PG and Research Department of Commerce
Periyar E.V.R.College (Autonomous)
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT
Banking sector is one of the important parts of the economic development of the
country which provides systematic flow of money from one hand to another. Well organized
and regulated banking system enables effective and significant growth of socio economic
conditions in the country. Banking is one of the explanation drivers of the economy of the
country. It provides the liquidity essential for families and businesses to invest in the future.
With aspects the present papers mainly discuss the performance of commercial banks in India
with aspects to public sector, private sector and foreign banks.
KEY WORDS: public sector banks, private sector banks and foreign banks,
liberalization, new generation banks, economic reforms, banking technology
Introduction
Banks are a very significant part of the economy because they provide fundamental
services for both consumers and businesses. As financial services providers, they give you a
protected place to accumulate your cash. Banks are considered as revenue of the financial
system of the country which helps to accelerate the income and savings from one hand to
another hand. Commercial banks in India categorised into public sector banks, private sector
banks and foreign banks. Private sector banks play an important role in development of
Indian economy. After liberalization the banking industry underwent major changes. The
economic reforms totally have changed the banking sector. RBI permitted new banks to be
started in the private sector as per the recommendation of Narashiman committee. The Indian
banking industry was dominated by public sector banks. But now the situations have changed
new generation banks with used of technology and professional management has gained a
reasonable position in the banking industry. Private sector banks performed in a significant
manner with its branch expansion, income generation and innovative services. This paper
made an attempt to discuss an overview of private sector banks in India.
Old Private Sector Banks: The old private sector banks were those banks which were
working in the private sector before the great depression. The old private sector banks have
been operating since a long time and may be referred to those banks, which are in operation
from before 1991. These banks are more than 50 years old. The banks, which were not

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nationalized at the time of bank nationalization that took place during 1969 and 1980, are
known to be the old private sector banks.
New Private Sector Banks: The new private sector banks are those that have come
into operation very recently. The banks, which came in operation after1991, with the
introduction of economic reforms and financial sector reforms are called as new private
sector banks. Banking regulation act was then amended in 1993, which permitted the entry of
new private sector banks in the Indian banking sector. However there were certain criteria set
for the establishment of the new private sector banks.
The bank should have a minimum net worth of 100 crores. The promoters holding
should be a minimum of 25 per cent of the paid up capital. Within 3 years of the starting of
the operations, the bank should offer shares to public. The new private sector banks that were
established in the private sector after the Second World War actually escaped from the
conditions of nationalization. There are seven new generation private sector banks in India.
They are Axis Bank, Development Credit Bank, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Indusind Bank,
Kotak Mahindra Bank and Yes Bank.
Review of literature
Kaplan and Norton (1992) in their study realized that there is no single measure that
can provide a focused attention on critical areas of the business with a clear performance
target. Managers need a balanced presentation of both financial and non-financial measures.
Sarkar and Das (1997) conducted ”A study on comparison of the performance of the
three bank sectors -public, private and foreign” - for the year 1995-1996. These banks are
compared in terms of profitability, productivity and financial management. They find that the
public sector banks are very poor in performance than the other two sectors due to lack of
technology and innovative ideas.
Kaplan and Norton (1996) revealed that the balanced score card provides executives
with a comprehensive framework that can convert a company‟s vision and strategy into a
coherent and linked set of performance measures. These performance measures should
include both outcome measures and performance drivers of those outcome measures.
Gaganjot Singh (1998) in his study “New innovations in banking industry – a study
of new private sector banks” views that the new private sector banks in India are using better
technology and are offering better services to the customers. As the public sector banks have
already established a huge customer base, they become complacent and are slow to become
customer friendly.

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Tapanya (2004) , revealed that many organizations are practicing performance

measurement systems that includes financial and non-financial measures. The author also
highlighted the need for multiple measures of performance in the current environment for
measuring and managing the performance.
N. S. Varghese and P Verma (2000) conducted study on ” Analyzing the impact of
information technology on new generation banks”. He concluded that new generation banks
are far ahead of traditional public sector banks. He observes that the business per employee of
major public sector banks in India is a mere fraction of the business per employee of new
generation banks.
Kochhar and Anand (2004), opined that BSC will help the organizations in
operationalizing the strategy, bring into line employee‟s goals to that of organization,
confirming a focus across multiple perspectives and allowing flexibility.She also highlighted
how BSC has helped ICICI Bank in achieving rapid growth, strategic steadiness in spite of
scale and diversity and meticulous and objective performance evaluation.
Garima chaudhary(2014) conducted a study on “Performance comparison of private
sector banks with public sector banks in India” . He concluded that the major area of concern
for any bank is the customer service and customer satisfaction, thus just like the private sector
banks, it is high time that the public sector banks also start concentrating more on the
customers and the services provided to them.
Elif & Ali (2014) and the findings showed that Balanced Scorecard is a strategic
performance management system that brought a holistic approach to the performance
measurement. The study also revealed that it is more advantageous to report the non-financial
performance along with the financial performance of the bank in terms of evaluating
performance with an all-inclusive approach.
D Mishra (1997) conducted a study on the performance of commercial banks in India
by choosing relevant parameters like quality of service, risk management, profitability etc.
He concluded that the banks
Sagar (2008) using Balanced Scorecard. The significance of intangible indicators as a
tool for measuring the performance of Bank of Baroda was evaluated for a panel data spread
over ten years period i.e, 1997-2006. The author concluded that execution of the BSC is
difficult due to the problems in measurement of the features related with the intangible assets.
Sunita & Vinitha (2013) developed and applied BSC for evaluating the performance
of Standard Chartered Bank (SCB), a foreign bank in India. Using the concepts of Kaplan
and Norton a BSC was developed for the bank to measure the performance during 2009-

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2012.The study revealed that the performance of Standard Chartered Bank was average in the
study period.
Mohammad Ibrahim (2015) explored the use of Balanced Score card as technique
for assessing the performance of the Nigerian bank industry. The author finally concluded
that Nigerian banks largely rely on financial measures followed by
Table no 1
Private-sector banks in India
Bank
S.No Established Headquarters Branches Revenues Total Assets
Name
HDFC Mumbai, 816.02 billion 8,638 billion
1 1994 4,787
Bank Maharashtra (US$11 billion) (US$120 billion)
Mumbai, 414.093 billion 10,600 billion
2 Axis Bank 1993 4094
Maharashtra (US$5.8 billion) (US$150 billion)
Bandhan Kolkata, West 43.20 billion 302.36 billion
3 2015 1000
Bank Bengal (US$610 million) (US$4.2 billion)
Thrissur, 16.17 billion 162.2324 billion
4 CSB Bank 1920 426
Kerala (US$230 million) (US$2.3 billion)
City Union Thanjavur, 29.4421 billion 352.71 billion
5 1904 600
Bank Tamil Nadu (US$410 million) (US$4.9 billion)
Mumbai, 20.76 billion 240.46 billion
6 DCB Bank 1930 323
Maharashtra (US$290 million) (US$3.4 billion)
Dhanlaxmi Thrissur, 11.16 billion 122.86 billion
7 1927 269
Bank Kerala (US$160 million) (US$1.7 billion)
Federal 97.5920 billion 1,149.8 billion
8 1931 Aluva, Kerala 1,252
Bank (US$1.4 billion) (US$16 billion)
Mumbai, 736.60 billion 12,720 billion
9 ICICI Bank 1994 4,882
Maharashtra (US$10 billion) (US$180 billion)
Mumbai, 253.71 billion 3,144.57 billion
10 IDBI Bank 1964 1892
Maharashtra (US$3.6 billion) (US$44 billion)
IDFC First Mumbai, 85.327 billion 1,121.6 billion
11 2015 301
Bank Maharashtra (US$1.2 billion) (US$16 billion)
IndusInd Mumbai, 185.77 billion 1,786 billion
12 1994 1,004
Bank Maharashtra (US$2.6 billion) (US$25 billion)
Jammu & Srinagar,
71.66 billion 820.18 billion
13 Kashmir 1938 Jammu and 958
(US$1.0 billion) (US$11 billion)
Bank Kashmir
Karnataka Mangaluru, 51.85 billion 641.26 billion
14 1924 835
Bank Karnataka (US$730 million) (US$9.0 billion)
Karur
Karur, Tamil 54.43 billion 576.63 billion
15 Vysya 1916 668
Nadu (US$760 million) (US$8.1 billion)
Bank
Kotak
Mumbai, 211.76 billion 2,146 billion
16 Mahindra 2003 1,369
Maharashtra (US$3.0 billion) (US$30 billion)
Bank
Lakshmi Karur, Tamil 25.68 billion 287.32 billion
17 1926 570
Vilas Bank Nadu (US$360 million) (US$4.0 billion)
Nainital Nainital, 6.12 billion 7.7 billion
18 1922 135
Bank Uttarakhand (US$86 million) (US$110 million)
Mumbai, 44.68 billion 486.74 billion
19 RBL Bank 1943 342
Maharashtra (US$630 million) (US$6.8 billion)

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South
Thrissur, 65.62 billion 743.12 billion
20 Indian 1929 852
Kerala (US$920 million) (US$10 billion)
Bank
Tamilnad
Mercantile Thoothukudi, 38.11 billion 322.4 billion
21 1921 509
Bank Tamil Nadu (US$530 million) (US$4.5 billion)
Limited
Mumbai, 3.6 billion 2,150 billion
22 Yes Bank 2004 1050
Maharashtra (US$50 million) (US$30 billion)
Source:RBI.org
As on March 2019, there are 22 private sector banks in the country of which 15 banks
are considered as old private sector banks and seven banks are new private sector banks. City
union bank is the oldest private sector bank which established in 1904. As regards, there are
number of branches ICICI bank with 4,885 branches followed by HDFC bank (4787) and
Axis bank (4094).
Table 2
Branches of Private Sector Banks
Branches
Sr. No. Name of the Bank Semi - Metro-
Rural Urban Total
Urban politan
Private Sector Banks 6,836 10,306 6,760 8,473 32,375
1 Axis Bank Ltd. 668 1,257 939 1,209 4,073
2 Bandhan Bank Ltd. 1,442 1,403 752 403 4,000
3 City Union Bank Ltd. 86 254 124 165 629
4 CSB Bank Ltd. 45 221 85 66 417
5 DCB Bank Ltd. 66 84 82 101 333
6 Dhanlaxmi Bank Ltd. 20 106 65 58 249
7 Federal Bank Ltd. 154 687 217 196 1,254
8 HDFC Bank Ltd. 998 1,573 966 1,430 4,967
9 ICICI Bank Ltd. 991 1,453 992 1,437 4,873
10 IDBI Bank Ltd. 412 585 504 495 1,996
11 IDFC First Bank Ltd. 32 61 93 160 346
12 IndusInd Bank Ltd. 281 375 429 517 1,602
Jammu & Kashmir
13
Bank Ltd. 497 166 106 170 939
14 Karnataka Bank Ltd. 185 197 224 230 836
Karur Vysya Bank
15
Ltd. 126 296 155 202 779
Kotak Mahindra
16
Bank Ltd. 228 292 323 657 1,500
Lakshmi Vilas Bank
17
Ltd. 107 175 125 161 568
18 Nainital Bank Ltd. 37 31 36 32 136
19 RBL Bank Ltd. 55 77 52 140 324
20 South Indian Bank 104 461 170 188 923

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Ltd.
Tamilnad Mercantile
21
Bank Ltd. 106 247 80 77 510
22 Yes Bank Ltd. 196 305 241 379 1,121
Source:RBI.org
There are 32,375 branches of private sector banks as on March, 2019 of which 6,836
branches in rural, 10306 branches in semi- urban, 6,760 branches in urban and 8,473
branches in metropolitan areas. ICICI banks, HDFC bank ltd and Axis banks ltd are the
largest branches consists private sector banks in the country. Nainital bank ltd have only 136
branches in the country followed by RBL bank ltd with 324 branches.
Chart no 1
Branches of Private Sector Banks

12000

10306
10000

8473
8000
6836 6760

6000

4000

2000

0
Rural Semi - Urban Urban Metro-politan

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Table 3
ATMs of Private Sector Banks
Sr. ATMs
Name of the Bank
No. On-site Off-site Total
Private Sector
Banks 26,197 37,143 63,340
1 Axis Bank Ltd. 2,006 9,795 11,801
2 Bandhan Bank Ltd. 481 - 481
City Union Bank
3
Ltd. 999 686 1,685
4 CSB Bank Ltd. 231 46 277
5 DCB Bank Ltd. 285 219 504
Dhanlaxmi Bank
6
Ltd. 208 138 346
7 Federal Bank Ltd. 1,179 490 1,669
8 HDFC Bank Ltd. 6,036 7,124 13,160
9 ICICI Bank Ltd. 5,237 9,750 14,987
10 IDBI Bank Ltd. 2,203 1,497 3,700
IDFC First Bank
11
Ltd. 107 6 113
12 IndusInd Bank Ltd. 1,084 1,461 2,545
Jammu & Kashmir
13
Bank Ltd. 731 560 1,291
Karnataka Bank
14
Ltd. 734 806 1,540
Karur Vysya Bank
15
Ltd. 729 916 1,645
Kotak Mahindra
16
Bank Ltd. 1,184 1,168 2,352
Lakshmi Vilas
17
Bank Ltd. 448 600 1,048
18 Nainital Bank Ltd. - - -
19 RBL Bank Ltd. 208 133 341
South Indian Bank
20
Ltd. 795 608 1,403
Tamilnad
21 Mercantile Bank
Ltd. 472 680 1,152
22 Yes Bank Ltd. 840 460 1,300
Source: RBI.org
There are 63,340 ATM‟s of private sector banks of which 26,197 are on site ATM‟s
and 37,143 are off site ATM‟s. ICICI bank ltd have largest number of ATM‟s (14,987)
followed by HDFC bank ltd (13,160) and Axis bank ltd (11,801). IDFC first bank ltd have
only 113 ATM‟s across the country.

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Chart no 2
ATM’s of Private Sector Banks
40,000 37,143
35,000
30,000 26,197
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
On-site Off-site

Table 4
Consolidated Balance Sheet of Private Sector Banks
(Amount in Rs. crore)
Private Sector Banks All SCBs
Item
2019 2019
1. Capital 21,344 1,54,427
2. Reserves and Surplus 5,27,665 11,76,531
3. Deposits 37,70,013 1,28,87,262
3.1 Demand Deposits 5,17,356 12,43,679
3.2 Savings Bank Deposits 10,45,648 39,11,797
3.3 Term Deposits 22,07,008 77,31,786
4. Borrowings 7,75,324 17,09,670
5. Other Liabilities and Provisions 2,03,591 6,73,335
Total Liabilities/Assets 52,97,937 1,66,01,224
1. Cash and Balances with RBI 2,06,654 6,98,613
2. Balances with Banks and Money at
1,75,076 6,29,733
Call and Short Notice
3. Investments 12,19,517 43,20,270
3.1 In Government Securities (a+b) 9,48,803 34,78,051
a) In India 9,30,104 34,14,578
b) Outside India 18,699 63,473
3.2 Other Approved Securities - 157
3.3 Non-approved Securities 2,70,714 8,42,062

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4. Loans and Advances 33,27,328 97,09,829

4.1 Bills Purchased and Discounted 1,17,234 3,60,177
4.2 Cash Credits, Overdrafts, etc. 9,45,461 36,06,719
4.3 Term Loans 22,64,633 57,42,934
5. Fixed Assets 36,142 1,49,137
6. Other Assets 3,33,221 10,93,641
Source: Annual accounts of respective banks
As regards capital, private sector banks have 21,344 crore as against Rs. 1,54,427
crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards Reserves and Surplus, private
sector banks have 5,27,665 crore as against Rs. 11,76,531 crore by all schedule commercial
banks in 2019. As regards Deposits, private sector banks have 37,70,013 crore as against Rs.
1,28,87,262 crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards Demand Deposits,
private sector banks have 5,17,356 crore as against Rs. 12,43,679 crore by all schedule
commercial banks in 2019. As regards Savings Bank Deposits, private sector banks have
10,45,648 crore as against Rs. 39,11,797 crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As
regards Term Deposits, private sector banks have 22,07,008 crore as against Rs. 77,31,786
crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards Borrowings, private sector banks
have 7,75,324crore as against Rs.17,09,670 crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019.
As regards Other Liabilities and Provisions, private sector banks have 2, 03,591crore as
against Rs. 6,73,335 crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards Cash and
Balances with RBI, private sector banks have 2,06,654crore as against Rs. 6,98,613 crore by
all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards Balances with Banks and Money at Call
and Short Notice, private sector banks have 1,75,076 crore as against Rs. 6,29,733 crore by
all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards In Government Securities, private sector
banks have 9,48,803 crore as against Rs. 34,78,051 crore by all schedule commercial banks
in 2019. As regards Non-approved Securities, private sector banks have 2,70,714 crore as
against Rs. 8,42,062 crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards Loans and
Advances, private sector banks have 33,27,328 crore as against Rs. 97,09,829 crore by all
schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards Bills Purchased and Discounted, private
sector banks have 9,45,461crore as against Rs. 36,06,719 crore by all schedule commercial
banks in 2019. As regards Term Loans, private sector banks have 22,64,633 crore as against
Rs. 57,42,934 crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019. As regards Fixed Assets,
private sector banks have 36,142 crore as against Rs. 1,49,137 crore by all schedule

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commercial banks in 2019. As regards Other Assets, private sector banks have 3,33,221 crore
as against Rs. 10,93,641 crore by all schedule commercial banks in 2019.
Table 5
Private Sector Banks Group-wise Maturity Profile of
Select Liabilities/Assets as on March, 2019
(Per cent to total under each item)
Private Sector Banks All SCBs
Liabilities/Assets
2019 2019
1 5 9
I. Deposits
a) Up to 1 year 42.9 44.4
b) Over 1 year and up to 3 years 26.8 24.0
c) Over 3 years and up to 5 years 9.5 10.2
d) Over 5 years 20.9 21.5
II. Borrowings
a) Up to 1 year 47.9 57.4
b) Over 1 year and up to 3 years 19.8 16.5
c) Over 3 years and up to 5 years 14.0 10.3
d) Over 5 years 18.3 15.7
III. Loans and advances
a) Up to 1 year 31.3 29.2
b) Over 1 year and up to 3 years 34.1 37.9
c) Over 3 years and up to 5 years 12.9 12.4
d) Over 5 years 21.7 20.4
IV. Investment
a) Up to 1 year 49.6 32.7
b) Over 1 year and up to 3 years 16.1 14.1
c) Over 3 years and up to 5 years 8.2 11.0
d) Over 5 years 26.1 42.2
Source: Annual accounts of banks
As regards deposits with upto one year amounted to 42.9 percent as against 44.4
percent in all schedule commercial banks, deposits over one year and upto 3 year amounted

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to 26.8 percent (24.0 %), over 3 years and upto 5 years amounted to 9.5 percent (10.0 %),
over 5 years amounted to 20.9 percent (21.5 %).
As regards borrowings with upto one year amounted to 47.9 percent as against 57.4
percent in all schedule commercial banks, borrowings over one year and upto 3 year
amounted to 19.8 percent (16.5 %), over 3 years and upto 5 years amounted to 14.0 percent
(10.3 %), over 5 years amounted to 18.3 percent (15.7 %).
As regards loan and advance with upto one year amounted to 31.3 percent as against
29.2 percent in all schedule commercial banks, loan and advance over one year and upto 3
year amounted to 34.1 percent (37.9 %), over 3 years and upto 5 years amounted to 12.9
percent (12.4 %), over 5 years amounted to 21.7 percent (20.4 %).
As regards investment with upto one year amounted to 49.6 percent as against 32.7
percent in all schedule commercial banks, investment over one year and upto 3 year
amounted to 16.1 percent (14.1 %), over 3 years and upto 5 years amounted to 8.2 percent
(11.0 %), over 5 years amounted to 26.1 percent (42.2 %).
Conclusion
The banking industry handles money in a country including cash and credit. Banks are
the institutional bodies that accept deposits and grant credit to the entities and play a major
role in maintaining the economic stature of a country. Indian banking systems is one of the
well organized and regulated with appropriate authorities over a period of time. There is a
historical land mark for the Indian banking systems from private hands to nationalization and
now it turn into encouraging more private participation in the banking sectors. After the
globalization Indian banking sector widespread extent its wins with technological innovation
and up gradation. Now banking is fully technology based with innovate and modern services.
Public sector private sector and foreign banks are competition each other with its operational
performance through bank expansion quality service and technology enabled activities. With
the effect of merger of public sector banks, State bank of India, union Bank of India, Punjab
National Bank, become a largest banks in the world and able to competed the global banking
business. Thus it sis concluded that Indian Banking Sectors needs to strengthen its
performance to meet the global Competition.

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