LDPE
Ñieåm cheát döôùi.
LDPE = LOW-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE: Nhöïa PE tyû
troïng thaáp.
lead 1 n. soft, toxic, heavy metal used
in starter batteries, and in leaded
fuel as an anti-knock agent: Chì.
lead-acid battery = system of
lead plates and dilute sulphuric
acid; used as a starter battery and
as a traction battery in electric
vehicles: AÉc quy axít chì.
lead-antimony grid = Coát
baûn cöïc baèng hôïp kim chì
antimon.
lead deposit = lead particles
that separate from the battery
plates during normal operation:
o
tạ
Lôùp caën chì (aéc quy)
ào
leaded petrol = petrol to
-Đ
which lead has been added as an
ng
anti-knock agent: Xaêng pha chì.
ườ
lead-free petrol = unleaded
Tr
petrol: Xaêng khoâng pha chì.
n
vă
lead glazing = faulty sparking
plug condition caused by molten
Lê
lead salt deposits that solidify into
a yellow, brown or green glaze:
Tình traïng bougie bò hö do ñieän
cöïc bò baùm chì.
lead loading = the process of
filling dents and damaged areas of
the bodywork with body lead: Söï
traùm chì (laøm ñoàng).
lead peroxide = poisonous
compound used, for example, as an
electrode in batteries: PbO2 –
chaát laøm baûn cöïc döông aéc quy.
lead sulphate = chemical
compound; poisonous white
crystals found in discharged
batteries: Sunfat chì.
199
lean
lead tolerance = resistance to
leaded fuel: Choáng xaêng pha chì
lead weight = balance weight
on a wheel rim: Mieáng chì caân
baèng treân maâm baùnh xe
lead 2 n. (a) connection cable for an
electric current: Daây noái (ñieän)
(b) (bolt, screw) distance from
the thread crest to the adjacent
crest of the same thread: Böôùc
ren.
lead and lag n. terms referring to the
time between a valve opening and
TDC or BDC (valve lead), and the
time between TDC or BDC and a
tô
ô
valve closing (valve lag): Thôøi
ện
gian töø luùc suù pap ñoùng ñeán khi
đi piston leân ñieåm cheát treân hoaëc
cheát döôùi vaø thôøi gian suù paùp môû
ñeán khi piston leân ñieåm cheát
treân hoaëc cheát döôùi
leading a. forward or at the front:
Daãn ñaàu, ñaàu.
leading arm = front
suspension link which supports the
wheel in front of the pivot point:
Ñoøn daãn höôùng
leading shoe = shoe of a brake
drum system which pivots outwards
into the approaching drum: Boá
phanh (troáng)
(NOTE: US English is primary
shoe)
leaf spring n. flat, narrow, metal strip
of varying length used as a spring:
Loø xo laù, nhíp.
lean a. of a weak air/ fuel mixture
that has less petrol than normal:
Thieáu xaêng (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí
ngheøo)
(NOTE: opposite is rich)
Lean Authority Limit Switch
lean-burn engine LHD

n. developed by GM to monitor available to move one's legs in a

heated carburettor inlet air vehicle: Choã ñeå chaân, choã duoãi
through an air cleaner TVS and to chaân.
prevent the control unit from LE-Jetronic n. the LE-Jetronic
providing the carburettor with too system incorporates the
lean a mixture, for better advantages of direct airflow
performance when starting from measurement with the
cold: Coâng taéc giôùi haïn hoaø khí enhancements afforded by
ngheøo (ñeå deã khôûi ñoäng) electronics: Heä thoáng phun xaêng
lean-burn engine n. engine ñieän töû ño tröïc tieáp löu löôïng
which uses a lean mixture of fuel khí naïp.
and air to increase fuel economy lemon n. a new or used car with
and reduce exhaust emissions: many defects: Xe bò loãi.
Ñoäng cô ñoát ngheøo. lens n. glass or plastic front cover of
lean mixture n. mixture with a headlight through which the

tô
more oxygen than necessary to light converges or diverges: Thaáu

ô
ện
burn the fuel contained in the kính, kính khuyeách taùn ôû ñeøn
mixture: Hoãn hôïp hoøa khí đi ñaàu.
o
tạ
ngheøo. let in v. (clutch) to engage: Gaøi
ào

(NOTE: opposite is rich mixture) khôùp.

-Đ

LED (short for) light-emitting diode: let out v. to release: Nhaû

ng

a semiconductor device used for khôùp, xaû.

ườ

digital displays in the instrument level n. Möùc.

Tr

panel: Ñioát phaùt quang. level out v. to work on a panel

n

left-hand drive (LHD) a. steering to remove irregularities with the

vă

system where the steering wheel use of hammer and dolly or by

Lê

is located on the left-hand side of filling and sanding, etc.: Laøm

the vehicle; used for driving on
the right, as in most parts of the
world, except for some
Commonwealth countries (e. g.
the UK and Australia), and Japan:
Tay laùi thuaän, tay laùi beân traùi.
(NOTE: opposite is right-hand
drive)
left-hand thread n. thread
which will accept a nut turned
anticlockwise: Ren ngöôïc
leftward welding n. welding a seam
towards the left: Haøn theo höôùng
traùi.
legroom n. the amount of space
phaúng thaân xe.
level plug n. threaded plug in
the side of a gearbox or rear axle
to determine if sufficient oil has
been used during filling: Que
thaêm daàu.
levering bar n. metalworking tool
shaped like a large tyre lever with
flat hooked ends for levering bent
panels back into position: Caùi ñe
lôùn (laøm ñoàng)
LH (short for) left hand: Beân traùi,
baèng tay traùi.
LHD = LEFT-HAND DRIVE: Tay
laùi thuaän.

200
L-head
L-head n. L-shaped combustion
chamber: Buoàng chaùy hình chöõ L
L-head engine = side valve
engine: Ñoäng cô coù suù paùp beân
hoâng.
licence or US license n. document
giving official permission to do
something: Baèng caáp, giaáy pheùp.
license plate n. US =
NUMBER PLATE: Baûng soá.
lift n. (a) amount by which a poppet
valve rises when opened: Khoaûng
ñoäi suù paùp
(b) aerodynamic force caused by
greater pressure above the car
than below it and having the
effect of loss of traction and
stability; (counteracted by a
o
tạ
suitable spoiler): Xe bò boàng
ào
beành do löïc khí ñoäng
-Đ
lifter n. US = TAPPET: Con
ng
ñoäi.
ườ
liftgate n. US = TAILGATE: Cöûa
Tr
sau.
n
vă
lifting platform take-up point n. any
of the lifting points specified by
Lê
the manufacturer for supporting
the car on a lifting platform: Ñieåm
ñoäi (gaàm xe)
lift pump n. = FUEL PUMP: Bôm
nhieân lieäu.
light 1 a. (a) easy to operate: Nheï
nhaøng, deã söû duïng.
(NOTE: opposite is heavy)
(b) weighing relatively little; not
heavy: Nheï.
2. n. (a) illumination, as from
lamp: Soi saùng
(b) vehicle window: Cöûa soå
(kính) xe.
light-alloy piston n. =
201
light unit
ALLOY PISTON: Píttoâng hôïp
kim nheï.
light-alloy wheel = ALLOY
WHEEL: Maâm baùnh xe hôïp kim
nheï (ñuùc)ï.
light bulb n. = BULB: Boùng
ñeøn.
lighter n. electric, push-button
device on the dashboard which,
when depressed, produces a red-
hot filament for lighting
cigarettes, etc.: Caùi moài thuoác laù
trong xe.
light-fast a. unaffected by
light: Khoâng bò aûnh höôûng bôûi
tô
ô
aùnh saùng
ện
light-footed a. used to
đi
describe a mode of driving which
uses gentle pressure on the
accelerator, thus maximizing fuel
economy: Kieåu laùi xe ñaïp ga nheï
ñeå tieát kieäm nhieân lieäu.
light-off temperature n. the
temperature at which a catalytic
converter achieves a 50%
conversion rate; typically near
250°C: Nhieät ñoä maø boä xuùc taùc
hoaït ñoäng 50%.
lights-on reminder n. usually
a buzzer, chime or voice alert
which reminds you that you have
left the car lights on: Baùo coøn baät
ñeøn baèng tieáng coøi hoaëc gioïng
noùi.
light truck or van n. typically
a vehicle under 3 tons, which
includes pickups, passenger vans
and most 4WD vehicles and for
which one does not need a special
licence: Xe taûi nheï.
light unit n. = LAMP UNIT:
Cuïm ñeøn.
limit
limit n. the performance limit of a
car's chassis, tyres, etc. typically
experienced during sharp
cornering at high speeds : Söï giôùi
haïn tính naêng cuûa thaân xe, baùnh
xe khi quay voøng gaáp ôû toác ñoä
cao.
limit cycle control n. =
CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL: Chu
trình ñieàu khieån kín.
limited-slip differential n. axle
differential or central differential
incorporating a locking or slip-
limiting mechanism to counter
wheel spin: Caàu vi sai vôùi cô caáu
khoùa
limiter n. = ENGINE SPEED
LIMITER: Cô caáu giôùi haïn toác
o
tạ
ñoä ñoäng cô.
ào
limousine or (informal) limo n.
-Đ
large luxurious car with a glass
ng
partition between driver and
ườ
passengers: Loaïi xe lôùn daøi sang
Tr
troïng, coù kính ngaên giöõa buoàng
n
laùi vaø khoang sau.
vă
limp-home mode (of operation) n.
Lê
standby circuit which allows a car
with electronic system trouble to
be driven home slowly: Söï chaïy
baèng heä thoáng döï phoøng khi xe
gaëp söï coá (heä thoáng ñieàu khieån
ñoäng cô)
linear (source) lamp n. = FESTOON
BULB: Boùng ñeøn trang trí.
linear wiper system n. system
in which the wiper arm is attached
both at the top and bottom and,
instead of describing the usual arc,
is guided in a straight line from
one side of the windscreen to the
other: Heä thoáng gaït nöôùc vôùi
thanh gaït chaïy thaúng.
202
lip
line pressure n. line pressure is fed
to the shifting components when
they are to be applied; it increases
in proportion to engine speed and
is the highest pressure in the
hydraulic control system: Aùp suaát
treân oáng
liner n. = CYLINDER LINER: OÁng
loùt xy lanh.
line spanner n. = FLARE NUT
SPANNER: Côø leâ nuï, oáng tuyùp.
lining n. (a) interior trim, e. g. of
doors, convertible tops: Lôùp vaûi
mui.
(b) friction material (e. g. on
tô
ô
brake shoes in drum brake, on
ện
clutch disc, on brake bands in
đi automatic transmission): Chaát ma
saùt trong boá phanh, boá ly hôïp…
linishing n. smoothing sheet metal
using power tools, e. g. with an
angle grinder and emery belt or
grinding disk: Söï maøi nhaün taám
kim loaïi
link n. (a) movable, hinged piece
connecting moving parts of a
machine: Thanh noái, maéc noái.
(b) = SUSPENSION LINK: Caùc
thanh noái heä thoáng treo.
linkage power steering n.
linkage-type, power-assisted
steering system in which a
conventional manual system is
assisted by hydraulic or pneumatic
effort applied directly to a track
rod: Trôï löïc laùi kieåu thanh noái
lip n. the edge of a sheet metal panel
folded at right angles to the basic
panel contours; often used to
mount the panel to an adjacent
panel, e. g. for spot welding:
Meùp, mieäng (taám, voû khung)
liquid-cooled
lip seal with garter spring n. =
RADIAL SHAFT SEAL: Phôùt
chaän nhôùt truïc ngang
liquefied natural gas (LNG) n.
e. g. methane, possible future
alternative fuel for SI engines:
Khí thieân nhieân hoùa loûng.
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
n. by-product of oil refining,
mainly butane or propane or a
mixture of the two gases, used as
a fuel for some SI petrol engines:
Khí ñoàng haønh hoùa loûng.
liquid-cooled a. (engine) cooled by
the passage of water or oil: Laøm
maùt baèng nöôùc hoaëc nhôùt
(NOTE: opposite is air-cooled)
Liquide Hydraulique Minerale
o
tạ
(LHM) n. green hydraulic fluid
ào
used by Citroen for some of their
-Đ
suspension systems: Nhôùt thuyû
ng
löïc maøu xanh duøng cho heä thoáng
ườ
treo Citroen
Tr
liquid gasket n. room
n
temperature vulcanizing gasket
vă
sealer (from a tube): Roong loûng.
Lê
liquid paint n. paint which
contains solvents and cures at
room temperature or by baking:
Dung dòch sôn.
liquid pump n. machine used
to raise liquids from a low to a
high energy level by transferring
energy to the medium being
pumped: Maùy bôm chaát loûng.
list price n. the price ex-factory, as
quoted in the price list, as opposed
to the actual sales price which will
include on-the-road charges:
Baûng giaù goác.
little end n. small end of the
connecting rod: Ñaàu nhoû thanh
203
load floor extension
truyeàn.
live axle n. a power-transmitting
axle: Truïc truyeàn ñoäng.
L-Jetronic air flow meter n. airflow
meter used on the L-Jetronic
system: Boä ño gioù kieåu L.
L-Jetronic (fuel injection)
system n. electronically
controlled fuel injection system:
Heä thoáng phun xaêng ñieän töû
kieåu L.
load n. (a) something to be born or
transported: Taûi
(b) amount of material
tô
transported: Troïng taûi.
ô
(c) amount of power carried by an
ện
electric circuit: Taûi ñieän.
đi (d) resistance overcome by an
engine when it is driving a
machine: Söùc taûi (ñoäng cô)
load alteration effect n.
reactions in the drive train or, in
FWD vehicles, in the steering, due
to sudden load alteration: Phaûn
öùng cuûa phaàn ñoäng löïc, cuûa heä
thoáng laùi khi taûi troïng thay ñoåi
ñoät ngoät.
load-controlled power
distribution n. drive torque
distribution, as established e. g. by
a Torsen differential: Söï phaân
phoái coâng suaát theo taûi troïng.
load floor n. (i) cargo-carrying
area of a van or lorry: Thuøng sau
xe taûi
(ii) floor of the luggage area of an
estate car or hatchback: Ngaên
chöùa ñoà sau xe du lòch.
load floor extension = moulded tray
that folds out of the rear luggage
area and provides an extended
load floor which hangs
load index
out over the bumper; (can also
be used for picnics): Saøn chöùa ñoà
keùo roäng ñöôïc.
load index (LI) n. coded
number on the sidewall of a tyre
to indicate the maximum load the
tyre may carry at a given speed
under manufacturer's conditions:
Chæ soá taûi troïng cuûa baùnh xe.
load rating n. = LOAD
INDEX: Chæ soá taûi troïng.
load resistor n. = BALLAST
RESISTOR: Ñieän trôû phuï (ñaùnh
löûa)
load-sensitive proportioning valve n.
valve which regulates hydraulic
pressure to the rear wheels as a
function of chassis height-to-axle
o
tạ
distance: Van phaân phoái theo taûi
ào
troïng.
-Đ
load transfer n. = WEIGHT
ng
TRANSFER: Söï chuyeån taûi.
ườ
lobe n. = CAM LOBE: Vaáu cam.
Tr
lobe-type supercharger n. a
n
positive displacement compressor
vă
with twolobed rotors: Bôm taêng
Lê
aùp kieåu cam quay.
local cell n. galvanic cell resulting
from differences in potential
between adjacent areas on the
surface of a metal immersed in an
electrolyte: Pin cuïc boä.
localized corrosion n. corrosion
occurring at one part of a metal
surface at a much higher rate than
over the rest of the surface, e. g.
pitting corrosion, crevice
corrosion: Söï aên moøn cuïc boä.
(NOTE: opposite is uniform
corrosion)
locating dowel n. = DOWEL PIN:
Choát ñònh vò.
204
lock cylinder
locating lug or pin n. projection or
pin for holding a part in a specific
position: Choát ñònh vò.
locating spring n. (of disc brakes)
steel wire clip that secures the
cylinder in a floating frame or
caliper frame: Loø xo ñònh vò.
lock 1 (a) n. device for closing
something with a key to prevent
unauthorized entry: OÅ khoùa.
(b) (steering) amount by which
the wheels of a vehicle are able to
turn: Goùc laùi coù theå
full lock = the maximum angle
attained by the wheels when the
tô
steering wheel is turned to its full
ô
ện
extent: Goùc laùi toái ña.
đi 2 v. (a) to close with a key:
Khoùa baèng chìa.
(b) to fix or become fixed
in a certain position: Laøm coá
ñònh, ñònh vò.
(c) (gear train members) to
interlock or couple: Söï caøi vaøo
nhau (baùnh raêng)
lockable differential n. =
LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL:
Vi sai coù cô caáu khoùa
lockable wheel n. wheel that
can be secured to the hub with a
lock: Baùnh xe coù cô caáu khoùa
lock angle n. = STEERING
ANGLE: Goùc laùi.
lock buster n. = LOCK
PULIER
lock cylinder n. cylinder in the middle
of a cylinder lock that is prevented
from turning (locked) by a number
of pins (typically five) which
penetrate down through the wall
of the cylinder: Xylanh coù choát
ñònh vò
lock facing
lock facing n. the surface of a door to
which the lock is attached: Beà
maët laép khoùa (cöûa xe).
locking bar clamp n. locking
clamp with sliding jaw providing
extended clamping capabilities:
Baøn keïp, eâtoâ.
locking clamp n. locking pliers with
specially shaped jaws for vice
work and intricate clamping jobs:
Kìm coù raêng khoùa
locking differential n. differential
with the facility for locking
together the two half shafts, thus
putting the differential out of
action and greatly improving
traction: Boä vi sai coù khoùa.
locking lug bolt/nut n.
o
tạ
antitheft wheel lug bolt/nut:
ào
Buloâng/ ñai oác khoùa baùnh xe ñeå
-Đ
choáng troäm.
ng
locking mechanism or locking
ườ
reel n. device which locks the
Tr
reel of a seat belt when the
n
forward acceleration of the
vă
occupant exceeds a certain value:
Lê
Cô caáu khoùa chaët ñai an toaøn
khi xe taêng toác.
locking pliers n. pliers with locking
jaws: Kìm coù raêng khoùa.
locking synchromesh n. common
synchromesh mechanism in which
the synchromesh pressure is
proportional to the gearchange
force, thus preventing overriding
of the synchromesh action due to
hasty operation of the lever; the
gear and gearchange sleeve are
prevented from engaging until
rotational speeds are
synchronized: Boä ñoàng toác.
lock nut n. (i) nut screwed on
205
longitudinal
top of another nut (ii) self-locking
nut: Ñai oác töï haõm, ñai oác haõm.
lock picker set n. set of
special door lock picker; attached
to the outside of a car door lock,
the lock puller rips out the entire
lock cylinder: Ñoà naïy oå khoùa.
lock ring pliers n. tool for
removing and installing heavy-
duty circlips, used e. g. on brakes,
transmissions, pedal shafts, and
clutch shafts: Kìm môû phe.
lock-up clutch n.
automatically engaged clutch in a
lock-up torque converter which
tô
prevents slipping losses: Cô caáu
ô
ện
noái ly hôïp trong bieán moâ (hoäp soá
đi töï ñoäng)
lock-up torque converter =
torque converter in which the
pump can be mechanically locked
to the turbine, eliminating any loss
through the fluid: Boä bieán moâ coù
khoùa tuoác bin
long block n. the long block consists of
the short block plus oil pump and
sump, cylinder head(s),
camshaft(s) as well as the
complete valve train: Khoái ñoäng
cô ñaày ñuû chi tieát
(NOTE: opposite is short block)
long block engine n. engine with a
relatively long crankshaft: Ñoäng
cô coù truïc khuyûu daøi.
(NOTE: opposite is short block
engine)
longeron n. main side member:
Thanh doïc chính (khung xe)
long-haul a. long distance: Khoaûng
caùch daøi.
longitudinal a. lengthways: Theo
chieàu doïc.
longitudinal engine
longitudinal engine = lorry n. large motor vehicle for
traditional engine layout used on
most RWD vehicles with the
cylinders lying lengthways from
the front to the back: Ñoäng cô ñaët
doïc.
(NOTE: also called north - south
layout)
longitudinal girder or
member = SIDE MEMBER:
Thanh doïc chính cuûa söôøn xe.
long-nose pliers n. pliers with half
round and tapered jaws, often with
a wire cutter and used for
electrical work: Kìm moû daøi.
(NOTE: also called snipe-nose
pliers)
long-nose self-grip pliers =
o
tạ
locking pliers with extra long reach
ào
jaws: Kìm moû töï haõm.
-Đ
long-reach C-clamp n. self-
ng
grip locking clamp with extra long
ườ
C-shaped jaws: Caùi keïp hình
Tr
chöõ C
n
vă
long stroke engine n. reciprocating
piston engine whose bore
Lê
diameter is smaller than the
stroke; a relatively long stroke
produces higher low-end torque at
the cost of increased piston speeds
and reduced revving ability: Ñoäng
cô coù haønh trình daøi.
(NOTE: opposite is short stroke
engine)
loom n. = WIRING HARNESS:
Buoái (boù) daây ñieän.
loop scavenging n. method of
scavenging used on two-stroke
motorcycle engines: Quaù trình
queùt khí kín (2 kyø)
loosen v. to make (something) less
tight; to slacken: Nôùi loûng.
206
lowball
carrying goods: Xe taûi.
(NOTE: US English is always
truck)
lost-core technique n. method of
producing thermoplastic inlet
manifolds: Phöông phaùp cheá taïo
oáng goùp huùt baèng nhöïa.
lost-foam casting (process) n.
casting method using foamed
plastic cores, giving the surface of
the casting the appearance of
styrofoam; used for engine blocks:
Phöông phaùp ñuùc duøng loõi nhöïa
boït.
tô
ô
loud pedal n. (informal) accelerator
ện
pedal: Baøn ñaïp ga.
đi
louvre or US louver n. (a) air
ventilation slot stamped in several
rows into bonnets and bootlids (b)
= VENT: Loã thoâng hôi.
Low (L) n. (automatic transmission)
driving gear ratio for hilly terrain;
the top gear is not engaged, and
the engine brake takes effect: Tay
soá thaáp, tay soá L.
low-bake booth n. closed section in
painting lines in a paint shop, in
which coats of paint are dried at
low temperatures : Phoøng saáy
chaäm.
low-bake equipment =
equipment for drying coats of
paint at low temperatures: Thieát
bò saáy sôn ôû nhieät ñoä thaáp.
low-bake paint = respray paint
baked at 80°C, giving a high-
quality finish but requiring
suitable low-bake spray
booths/ovens: Sôn noùng.
lowball n. US in car sales, the
practice of stating a very low price
low battery
for a new car to a customer who is
known or expected to be
comparison shopping: Ñeà nghò giaù
thaáp khi bieát khaùch haøng so giaù
low battery n. nearly flat battery: AÉc
quy yeáu.
low beam n. US = DIPPED BEAM:
Ñeøn coát
low-carbon steel n. steel containing
0.03 to 0.3 percent carbon
(typically 0.2%): Theùp cacbon
thaáp.
low-density polyethylene (LDPE) n.
a relatively soft, flexible
polyethylene, used mainly for
plastic film and sheet: Nhöïa toång
hôïp tyû troïng thaáp.
low-emission a. generally, releasing
o
tạ
relatively few pollutants into the
ào
environment: Möùc oâ nhieãm thaáp
-Đ
cuûa khí thaûi.
ng
lower dead centre (LDC) n. =
ườ
BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE:
Tr
Ñieåm cheát döôùi.
n
vă
lower front panel n. = FRONT
APRON: Taám chaén phía tröôùc.
Lê
low fuel indicator n. warning light
which comes on when fuel is
getting low (usually indicating,
when the light first comes on, that
there is still sufficient fuel to
travel at least 25-50 miles): Ñeøn
baùo möùc nhieân lieäu thaáp.
low gear n. first or second gear, used
for driving off and climbing steep
hills: Soá thaáp.
(NOTE: opposite is high gear)
low geared a. characterized
by a small gearwheel (on an input
shaft) driving a large one (on the
output shaft), providing a high
gear ratio and high torque: Baùnh
207
low-profile air cleaner
raêng nhoû truyeàn ñoäng baùnh
raêng lôùn ñeå tyû soá truyeàn lôùn.
low-loader n. lorry for heavy loads
with a low-level loading platform
and often an extension ramp or
lift-operated tailboard which can
be lowered to street level: Xe taûi
coù böûng sau haï saùt ñaát ñeå laáy
haøng
low-maintenance battery n. battery
with removable vent caps that
only requires topping-up about
once a year: AÉc quy ít caàn baûo
döôõng.
low oil sensor n. = OIL LEVEL
tô
ô
SENSOR: Caûm bieán möïc daàu.
ện
low oil warning light n. =
đi ENGINE OIL LEVEL WARNING
LIGHT: Ñeøn baùo möïc daàu.
low-pressure cut-out n. device
which protects the air conditioning
system by switching the
compressor off when a pressure
loss occurs: Van aùp suaát thaáp
baûo veä maùy neùn (ñieàu hoaø).
low-pressure foaming n.
process in which plastics are
foamed under low pressure (1-5
bar): Söï taïo boït cuûa nhöïa vôùi aùp
suaát thaáp.
(NOTE: opposite is high-
pressure foaming)
low-pressure pump or low-
head pump n. pump used for low
total heads; in the case of
centrifugal pumps the low-
pressure pump has a nominal total
head not exceeding 80 m: Bôm aùp
suaát thaáp.
low-profile air cleaner n. usually a
circular, flat, chrome-plated air
cleaner, mounted on top of the
low-profile tyre
carburettor: Boä loïc gioù troøn treân
boä cheá hoaø khí.
low-profile tyre n. tyre with a wide
tread but no comparative increase
in height: Voû xe coù gai roäng
nhöng khoâng cao
low rider n. customized car
loweredto the extreme through
body and suspension
modifications: Xe ñöôïc haï thaáp
(khung)
low side n. (of air conditioning
systems) side between the
expansion valve or orifice tube
and the compressor; includes the
evaporator: Phaàn aùp thaáp cuûa heä
thoáng ñieàu hoaø
low spot n. indentation on a panel
surface: Veát loõm treân thaân xe
low temperature activity n. denotes
-Đ
the ability of a catalytic converter
ng
to purify exhaust gases in the
ườ
warm-up phase following a cold
Tr
start: Khaû naêng hoaù khöû ôû nhieät
n
ñoä thaáp.
vă
low temperature fouling n.
Lê
CARBON FOULING: Ñoùng muoäi
do nhieät ñoä thaáp
low tension n. low voltage: Hieäu
ñieän theá thaáp.
low voltage circuit n. = PRIMARY
CIRCUIT: Maïch sô caáp, maïch
haï theá.
low zinc technology n. technology
used in present-day phosphating
processes: Coâng ngheä maï keõm
môùi.
L-section ring n. special piston ring
characterized by its L-shaped
cross-section: Maët caét xeùcmaêng
daïng L.
LT circuit n. = PRIMARY
lubrication system
CIRCUIT: Maïch sô caáp.
lube n. (informal) LUBRICATION:
Söï boâi trôn.
lube oil = LUBRICATION
OIL: Daàu boâi trôn.
lube job = LUBRICATION:
Söï boâi trôn.
lubricant n. oily or greasy
substance used to reduce friction
between parts or objects in
relative motion: Daàu nhôøn, chaát
boâi trôn.
lubricate v. to cover or treat
with a lubricant: Boâi trôn.
tô
lubricating oil n. refined
ô
crude oil used as a lubricant: Daàu
ện
boâi trôn.
đi lubricating pressure =
o
tạ
pressure of a lubricating oil: Aùp
ào
suaát daàu boâi trôn.
lubrication n. covering or treating
moving surfaces with oil or grease
to keep them apart to reduce
friction and wear: Söï boâi trôn.
lubrication film = coat of
=
lubricant to reduce the friction
created when two surfaces move
on one another: Maøng daàu boâi
trôn.
lubrication point = place at
which to apply lubricant: Choã boâi
trôn, ñieåm boâi trôn.
lubrication pump = pump used
to supply oil to lubricating points,
particularly for plain bearings:
Bôm nhôùt.
lubrication system = the
system in the engine that supplies
engine parts with lubricating oil to
prevent contact between any two
metal surfaces: Heä thoáng boâi
trôn.
208
lug Lysholm supercharger

lug n. (a) device mounted on a surface, in candela per square

rotating shaft or component that
engages in a recess of a
component to be driven: Maáu
khôùp (truïc)
luggage n. travelling bags or
suitcases: Haønh lyù.
luggage carrier = rack bolted
on top of the boot lid for taking
luggage or the spare wheel (often
seen on old sports cars where
space was at a premium): Giaù
mang haønh lyù.
lugging n. US = LABOURING
lug nut n. US = WHEEL NUT
metre; not the same as the
apparent brightness: Cöôøng ñoä
saùng.
lustre or US luster n. reflected light;
sheen or gloss: Nöôùc boùng, veû
röïc rôõ.
luxe (L) n. although the word means
luxury, on its own it is often used
to denote a rather basic model:
Loaïi xe haïng sang.
Lysholm supercharger n. lobe-type
supercharger similar to the Roots
compressor, but more efficient
and much more expensive

tô
Lysholm: Boä taêng aùp kieåu

ô
lumbar support n. seat support for

ện
the lower back: Thanh choáng Lysholm
löng gheá. đi
o
tạ
luminance n. luminous intensity of a
ào

surface in a given direction per

-Đ

unit of projected area of the

ng
ườ
Tr
n
vă
Lê

209
machine screw
Mm
M + S tyre n. mud and snow tyre;
winter tyre with a deep tread M +
S: Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân buøn vaø
baêng tuyeát
machine screw n. screw with a
thread running the lengh of the
shank and available with a variety
of different heads: Vít baét vaøo
kim loaïi
machinists’ caliper n.
measuring tool with two curved
arms for inside or outside
measurement; the reading taken
with the arms is transferred to a
steel rule or micrometer to attain
o
the exact value: Compa ño trong
tạ
vaø ño ngoaøi
ào
-Đ
machinists’ hammer = BALL
PEEN HAMMER: Buùa thôï maùy
ng
coù moät ñaàu troøn
ườ
Tr
MacPherson strut n. (suspension)
unitary construction of spring and
n
vă
damper elements with the hub
Lê
carrier being attached rigidly to
the outer tubular member: Thanh
giaèng MacPherson (heä thoáng
treo)
MacPherson strut tower =
sheet metal panel surrounding the
upper mount of the MacPherson
strut at the side panels of the
engine compartment; it may be a
separate panel fitted by spot-
welding or a deep-drawn section
of the side panel shaped to take
the upper strut end: Uï baét thanh
giaèng
(NOTE: also called suspension leg
turret)
210
magnetic pick-up
MacPherson suspension =
suspension layout incorporating
MacPherson struts: Heä thoáng
treo MacPherson
macromolecule n. any very large
molecule, such as a synthetic
polymer used in the manufacture
of plastic: Phaân töû lôùn, ñaïi phaân
töû
macromolecular a. with very
large molecules: Vôùi caùc ñaïi phaân
töû
tô
MAF = MASS AIRFLOW: Löu löôïng
ô
ện
khoâng khí tính baèng khoái löôïng
đi
mag n. (informal) = MAGNETO:
Ma nheâ toâ (maùy phaùt ñieän nam
chaâm vónh cöûu)
magnesium wheel n. = ALLOY
WHEEL: Maâm baùnh xe loaïi hôïp
kim
magnetic clutch n. = ECTRO-
MAGNETIC CLUTCH: Boä ly
hôïp loaïi ñieän töø
magnetic (drain) plug n. plug
fitted in the sump to collect metal
debris: Nuùt töø tính trong cacte
daàu ñeå huùt maïc kim loaïi
magnetic field n. the portion
of space found in the vicinity of a
magnetic body or a current-
carrying medium in which the
forces due to the body or current
can be detected: Töø tröôøng
magnetic pick-up (assembly) n. pulse
generator consisting of a stator
with a permanent magnet and a
rotor, which induces an AC voltage
in the inductive winding by the
periodical change of the air gap
magnetic pick-up (tool)
between stator and rotor: Caûm
bieán ñieän töø loaïi nam chaâm coá
ñònh.
magnetic pick-up (tool) n. tool with
flexible or rigid shaft and magnetic
tip used to retrieve dropped nuts,
bolts, and other metal parts from
hard-to-reach places: Thanh daøi
coù gaén nam chaâm ôû ñaàu ñeå laáy
caùc vaät rôi baèng saét, theùp
magnetic screwdriver n.
screwdriver type tool with a
magnetized hexagon socket end to
accept and operate hex shank bits
and hold them securely; often also
with a magazine handle for bit
storage: Tuoác nô vít coù nam
chaâm
o
tạ
magnetized a. made magnetic: Bò
ào
töø hoùa
-Đ
magneto or (informal) mag n. small
ng
electric generator in which the
ườ
magnetic field is produced by a
Tr
permanent magnet; especially
n
used to generate the electric
vă
current providing a spark for the
Lê
ignition: Ma nheâ toâ (maùy phaùt
ñieän nam chaâm vónh cöûu)
magneto file n. tool for filing
ignition points and other small
objects: Giuõa vít löûa (nhoû)
magneto ignition n. compact
assembly of a magneto generator,
an ignition coil, and a distributor:
Boä ñaùnh löûa baèng ma nheâ toâ
magnet sensor n. = HALL VANE
SWITCH: Caûm bieán Hall
mag wheels or (informal) mags n. =
ALLOY WHEELS: Maâm baùnh
xe loaïi hôïp kim
main bar or bow n. (soft top) the bar
which carries the main load when
211
main mixture discharge nozzle
the hood is raised and taut, and
defines the hinge point for the
folding motion: Thanh choáng
chính
main beam n. long-range setting of
a vehicle’s headlamp; as the beam
is directed straight ahead, it will
dazzle oncoming traffic if used
incautiously: Chuøm saùng chính
(ñeøn pha)
(NOTE: US English is high beam)
main beam indicator = blue
indicator light in the instrument
cluster which comes on when the
main beam is in use: Ñeøn baùo
tô
ñang baät pha (treân tableau)
ô
ện
main bearings n. bearings bolted to
đi the underside of the cylinder
block, that located support the
camshaft: Baïc loùt coå truïc chính
main combustion chamber n. with
diesel engines, the fuel may be
injected in three different
locations: in the prechamber, the
swirl chamber, or the main
combustion chamber (for direct
injection engines), depending on
the process used: Buoàng chaùy
chính
main jet n. main jet in a carburettor
through which most of the fuel
flows: Loã tia chính trong boä cheá
hoøa khí
main (line) pressure n. = LINE
PRESSURE
main mixture discharge nozzle n. jet
through which the petrol and air is
fed into the carburettor barrel
where it becomes the air / fuel
mixture: Voøi phun chính trong boä
cheá hoøa khí ñeå phun hoãn hôïp
nhieân lieäu
main regulating system
main regulating system n. the
carburettor components are
divided into the fuel intake control,
the main regulating system, the
idle system includes the main jet,
jet needle, needle jet and throttle
valve, whose purpose it is to
provide an appropriate amount of
fuel and air to the carburettor: Heä
thoáng ñieàu tieát nhieân lieäu chính
trong boä cheá hoøa khí
main shaft n. gearbox output shaft:
Truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá
main sun visor n. in dual visor system,
the main visor is moved sideways
and the secondary visor is flipped
down, thus shielding the driver
from the sun from both the front
o
tạ
and side: Taám che naéng
ào
maintenance n. the work undertaken
-Đ
by a car owner to keep his vehicle
ng
in good working order; typically
ườ
checking the tyres, lights, oil and
Tr
coolant levels, windscreen wipers
n
and seat belts : Söï baûo döôõng
vă
mainternance-free a. requiring
Lê
no work in order to be kept
operational: Khoâng caàn baûo
döôõng
maintenance-free battery =
battery with a permanently sealed
top, thus requiring no topping-up:
Bình aéc quy khoâng caàn baûo
döôõng
maintenance manual n. book
of instructions detailing routine
maintenance: Soå tay baûo döôõng
major diameter n. diameter
measured from the crest of a
thread to the corresponding crest
on the opposite side of the bolt or
screw: Ñöôøng kính ñænh ren
212
manual
male thread n. = EXTERNAL
THREAD: Ren ngoaøi
man (short for) MANUAL
GEARBOX: Hoäp soá thöôøng
manganese phosphate coating n.
phosphate coating with added
manganese to increase resistance
to wear and fatigue: Lôùp phuû
Photphat coù theâm Mangan ñeå
choáng moøn vaø taêng ñoä beàn moûi.
manifold n. a casting connecting a
series of inlets or outlets to a
common opening: OÁng goùp
manifold absolute pressure
(MAP) sensor n. sensor which
tô
ô
transmits data referring to the inlet
ện
manifold vacuum to the engine
đi controller: Caûm bieán ño aùp suaát
tuyeät ñoái treân ñöôøng oáng naïp
manifold heater n. system used
to improve the cold start behaviour
of an engine, consisting of heating
ducts incorporated into the inlet
manifold that are connected to the
water coling system of the engine;
alternatively, an electric heater
may be used: Boä söôûi ñöôøng oáng
naïp
manoeuvre v. to drive or steer a
vehicle around obstacles or in a
confined space: Ñieàu khieån xe
voøng chöôùng ngaïi vaät
manoeuvrability n. the ease with
which a vehicle can be
manoeuvred: Tính linh hoaït, tính
deã laùi cuûa xe
manual 1 a. done by hand: Ñöôïc laøm
baèng tay
2 n. (a) book of instructions:
Saùch, taøi lieäu höôùng daãn
(b) = MANUAL GEARBOX: Hoäp
soá ñieàu khieån baèng tay (hoäp soá
manual-crank window
thöôøng)
(c) (informal) car with a manual
gearbox: Xe söû duïng hoäp soá
thöôøng
manual-crank window n. =
MANUALLY OPERATED
WINDOW: Cöûa kính xe quay
tay.
manual gearbox or US manual
transmission n. set of movable
gears permitting the speed ratio
between input and output shafts to
be changed manually and at will:
Hoäp soá thöôøng
manually operated window n.
window operated by turning a
level by hand: Cöûa kính xe quay
tay
o
tạ
manual panel cutter n. cutting
ào
tool drawn manually across a panel
-Đ
surface to cut to the desired shape:
ng
Thieát bò caét khung baèng tay
ườ
manual transmission n. US =
Tr
MANUAL GEARBOX: Hoäp soá
n
vă
thöôøng
manual valve (MV) n.
Lê
(automatic transmission control)
distributes line pressure to the
various control valves and pistons
which operate the multi-plate or
band brakes or the clutches;
operated by the driver via the
selector lever: Van ñieàu khieån
baèng tay (ñieàu khieån hoäp soá töï
ñoäng)
manual version n. passenger
car with a manual gearbox: Theá
heä xe duøng hoäp soá thöôøng
manufacturer’s performance ratings
n. performance data as specified
by the car manufacturer: Thoâng
soá kyõ thuaät xe (töø nhaø saûn xuaát)
213
masking tape
MAP = MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE
PRESSURE: Caûm bieán ño aùp
suaát tuyeät ñoái treân ñöôøng oáng
naïp
map-controlled or mapped ignition
(system) n. microprocessor-
controlled ignition system with
electronic ignition timing by
means of an ignition map stored in
the control unit memory: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñöôïc ñieàu khieån
bôûi maùy tính vôùi goùc ñaùnh löûa toái
öu ñöôïc nhôù
map light n. interior light to facilitate,
for example, map reading: Ñeøn
tô
ô
trong xe ñeå xem baûn ñoà
ện
mapping n. = CHARACTERISTIC
đi MAP: Ñaëc tuyeán ñaùnh löûa sôùm
naïp vaøo EPROM döôùi daïng
baûng.
marbling n. producing a special
decorative effect with rotating
brushes: Ñaùnh boùng baèng baøn
chaûi xoay
marker light/ lamp n. = SIDE
MARKER LIGHT/ LAMP: Ñeøn
kích thöôùc beân hoâng
Marles steering n. form of cam-and-
roller steering Marles: Heä thoáng
laùi Marles daïng cam – con laên
marque n. ‘name’ of a car (such as
‘MG’), which is an important
marketing tool, and inspires
customer loyalty: Nhaõn hieäu xe,
maùc xe
mask v. to cover the surrounding area
when paint spraying to protect it
from splashes: Che kín vuøng gaàn
choã sôn.
masking tape n. adhesive tape
used to cover surfaces that border
an area to be painted, so as
mass airflow (MAF) meter
to protect them: Baêng keo daùn ñeå
che vuøng gaàn choã sôn
mass airflow (MAF) meter n. device
for measuring the mass flow of air
into an engine: Caûm bieán ño khoái
löôïng khí naïp
mass damper n. device which
reduces or prevents vibrations or
oscillations, usually a weight
which counteracts (balances)
undesirable motions; used on drive
shafts of some FWD cars: Boä
giaûm rung duøng khoái löôïng caân
baèng.
mass-produced car n. car
which is manufactured in great
numbers to a standard pattern and
with extensive mechanization: OÂ
o
tạ
toâ ñöôïc saûn xuaát haøng loaït
ào
mass tone n. (colour matching)
-Đ
the tone of a paint as it appears
ng
from the colour of the paint in the
ườ
can; this is required for
Tr
formulating the ingredients of a
n
paint tone: Toâng maøu neàn
vă
mass transit system n. system
Lê
designed to transport large
numbers of people (or goods): Heä
thoáng ñöôïc thieát keá ñeå chuyeân
chôû nhieàu ngöôøi hoaëc haøng hoaù.
master con rod n. in two-stroke dual
piston engines, the connecting rod
that is articulated directly on the
crankshaft: Thanh truyeàn chính
(2 kyø)
master cylinder n. large
cylinder in a hydraulic system in
which the hydraulic fluid is
compressed by a piston: Xy lanh
caùi (phanh)
master model or master
pattern n. first precision model of
214
mean indicated pressure
an automobile based on a clay
model or CAD-data; essential for
the manufacture of prototypes: Moâ
hình maãu oâ toâ baèng ñaát seùt hoaëc
maùy tính.
master vac (servo unit) n. =
VACUUM BRAKE BOOSTER:
Boä trôï löïc phanh duøng chaân
khoâng
mastic seam sealant n. soft
waterproof sealant for joints: Chaát
maùt – tít laøm kín moái noái
mat (t) a. (of a finish) dull, not
shiny: Môø
mate v. to fit together: Raø
tô
ô
mating a. fitting together;
ện
matching: AÊn khôùp vôùi nhau
đi mating gears = gears which
mesh together: Baùnh raêng aên
khôùp
mating surface = surface which
interacts perfectly with another:
Beà maët aên khôùp
mating thread = thread which
engages with a corresponding
thread, such as the female and
male threads of a nut and bolt:
Ren aên khôùp
maximum (brake) power n.
maximum power of an engine as
measured by a dynamometer:
Coâng suaát toái ña ño bôûi maùy ño
coâng suaát.
mean effective pressure (MEP) n.
average pressure on a piston in a
cylinder during a power stroke: Aùp
suaát hieäu duïng trung bình
mean indicated pressure n.
mathematical value that indicates
the relation between the effective
area of the work diagram of the
two-stroke engine and the
mechanic
movement of the piston: AÙp suaát
chæ thò trung bình
mechanic n. person who works on
engines or machines: Thôï maùy
mechanic’s stethoscope =
SONOSCOPE: OÁng nghe cuûa thôï
maùy
mechanical advance n.
CENTRIFUGAL ADVANCE
(MECHANISM): Cô caáu ñaùnh löûa
sôùm ly taâm cô khí
mechanical efficiency n. ratio
of brake horsepower to indicated
horsepower: Hieäu suaát cô (ñoäng
cô)
mechanical (face) seal
shaft seal consisting of two highly
polished mating surfaces, one
surface being connected to the
shaft (rotating element) and the
-Đ
other to the casing (stationary
ng
element): Mieáng ñeäm kín ñaàu
ườ
truïc
Tr
mechanical galvanizing n. =
n
MECHANICAL PLATING: Maï
vă
(traùng phuû beà maët) cô khí
Lê
mechanical ignition timing n.
centrifugal and vacuum advance:
Söï ñieàu chænh goùc ñaùnh löûa sôùm
baèng cô khí
mechanical plating
deposition of zinc on another
material by a cold-peening
process, such as tumbling: Maï cô
khí
mechanical surface treatment
n. producing a dull or rough
surface or a decorative finish by
grinding, brushing, polishing or
abrasive blasting: Xöû lyù beà maët
baèng cô khí
megajoule (MJ) n. SI measurement
message centre
of energy (= 1000,000 joules):
Ñôn vò ño naêng löôïng theo heä SI
member n. general term that refers
mainly to the side rails and
crossmembers but also to any
structural hollow-section part on a
car: Chi tieát treân khung.
= member of the gear train n.
sun gear, internal gear, and planet
carrier are the members of a
planetary gear train: Chi tieát cuûa
boä baùnh raêng truyeàn ñoäng
memory button n. button which
operates the position of electric
seats, mirrors, etc. and which
tô
stores the requirements of a
ô
n.
ện
particular driver in its memory:
đi Nuùt choïn vò trí trong heä thoáng
o
tạ
ñieàu khieån gheá baèng maùy tính
ào
MEP = MEAN EFFECTIVE
PRESSURE: Aùp suaát hieäu duïng
trung bình
mercury switch n. safety switch to
prevent erroneous deployment of
the air bag: Coâng taéc thuûy ngaân
(goái hôi)
mesh v. to engage: Laøm cho aên
khôùp
(NOTE: opposite is disengage)
meshing drive n. device for
n. engaging the starter pinion with
the flywheel ring gear: Söï
truyeàn ñoäng aên khôùp
meshing spring n. component
of a pre-engaged starter which
ensures that the shift lever will
move to its final position and that
the starter current will be switched
on incase of tooth abutment: Loø
xo traû khôùp ñeà
message centre n. usually a multi-
functional display of a diagnostic
215
metal catalyst
system: Maøn hình chaån ñoaùn ña
chöùc naêng
metal catalyst n. catalyst whose
active phase is supported by a
metal substrate, i.e. sheet steel:
Chaát xuùc taùc coù neàn kim loaïi
metal cutter n. bench tool for
cutting sheet metal: Baøn caét taám
kim loaïi
metallic a. referring to or
consisting of metal: Thuoäc veà kim
loaïi
metallic drive screw =
THREAD-CUTTING SCREW: Ta
roâ
metallic finish or metallic paint n.
paint type incorporating small
metallic flakes which reflect light:
o
tạ
Lôùp sôn aùnh kim
ào
(NOTE: opposite is solid paint)
-Đ
metallize v. to coat or impregnate a
ng
metal or non-metal surface with
ườ
metal, as by metal spraying or by
Tr
vacuum evaporation: Phuû kim loaïi
n
vă
metallographic examination n. test
to determine the structural
Lê
composition of a metal as shown at
low and high magnification and by
X-ray diffraction methods: Söï
kieåm tra caáu truùc teá vi cuûa kim
loaïi.
metal mesh n. = WIRE MESH: Löôùi
kim loaïi
metal monolith n. = METAL
SUPPORT: Lôùp neàn kim loaïi
trong vi maïch
metal shears n. scissor-like
hand tool for cutting sheet metal:
Keùo caét kim loaïi
(NOTE: also called snips)
metal spraying n. coating of
surfaces with droplets of molten
216
methanol
metal or alloy by using a
compressed gas stream: Söï phun
kim loaïi
metal support n. (in a
catalytic converter) thin
corrugated strips of steel alloy
rolled up into a tight coil as a
support for the catalyst: Giaù ñôõ boä
xuùc taùc
metalworking n. forming and
shaping metal: Coâng ngheä kim
loaïi
meter 1 n. device for measuring the
quantity of a substance passing
through it: Thieát bò ño löu löôïng
tô
2 v. (a) to measure with a meter:
ô
ện
Ño
đi metering port n. part of the
metering unit in the fuel
distributor: Loã ñònh löôïng (phun
K)
metering unit n. unit which regulates
the quantity of fuel injected in the
K-jetronic system: Boä phaän ñònh
löôïng xaêng phun (K)
metering valve n. valve positioned
in the hydraulic line to the front
brakes, on some cars with front
disc and rear drum brakes: Van
phaân phoái (phanh)
methacrylate n. polymer used in
toughening rubber: Chaát nhöïa
ñoän laøm cöùng cao su.
methanol n. used in petrol/ alcohol
blends, in a variety of
concentrations blended with
unleaded petrol and solvents; a
typical methanol content is 3%;
use of petrol blends with methanol
will void the new car warranty of
most car manufacturers: Röôïu
Metanol
methylated spirits
(NOTE: formerly called methyl
alcohol)
methylated spirits n. almost pure
alcohol (which has wood alcohol
and colouring added to make it
unfit for human consumption);
used for cleaning: Coàn pha maøu
(duøng ñeå laøm saïch)
metric thread n. one of two
commonly used screw threads:
Ren heä meùt
metro driving n. US = URBAN
DRIVING: Laùi xe ôû trung taâm ñoâ
thò
MF = MULTI-FOCAL: Nhieàu tieâu
ñieåm
MF headlight = conventional
headlight with a multiple-focus
parabolic reflector: Ñeøn ñaàu xe
loaïi nhieàu tieâu ñieåm
MG (short for) Morris Garages; a
ng
popular old British sports car
ườ
marque Morris Garages: Moät loaïi
Tr
xe theå thao coå noåi tieáng cuûa Anh
n
microbial corrosion n. corrosion
vă
associated with the action of
Lê
micro-organisms present in the
corrosion system: Söï aên moøn do vi
sinh
microcar n. small car, popular in the
1950s, that featured a body
offering full-weather protection
and mechanics often derived from
motorcycle technology,
Goggomobil, BMW Isetta, etc: Xe
oâ toâ raát nhoû
microgalvanic cell n. = LOCAL
CELL: Pin cuïc boä
micrometer n. (a) instrument for
taking very small measurements,
such as measuring the width or
thickness of very thin pieces of
mid-range
metal, etc. (b) US =
MICROMETRE: Panme, vi keá
micrometer (type) torque
wrench = CLICK-TYPE TORQUE
WRENCH: Caàn sieát löïc coù ñoàng
hoà.
micrometre or micron n. unit of
measurement of thickness (= one
thousandth of a milimetre) :
Microâmet
(NOTE: usually written “μm” with
figures: 25 μm)
micro oil filter n. special oil filter
designed to trap particles down to
1 micrometre in order to allow
tô
extended oil change intervals in
ô
ện
the order of 60,000 miles without
đi affecting engine life: Boä loïc daàu
o
tạ
tinh.
ào
microprocessor spark timing system
-Đ
(MSTS) n. = MAPPED
IGNITION SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
baèng vi xöû lyù.
mid-engine car n. car whose engine
is located behind the passenger
compartment but within the
wheelbase: Xe coù ñoäng cô ñaët ôû
giöõa
mid-size car n. American car
category which encompasses
practically all cars which would be
considered large outside the USA;
e.g. some typical examples are: Audi
100/200, BMW 7-series, Buick
Regal, Dodge Dynasty, Ford
Taurus, Mazda 626, Mercedes S-
class (at least prior to 1991),
Mercury Cougar, Oldsmobile
Cutlass, Pontiac 6000, Volvo
740/940: OÂtoâ côõ trung
mid-range n. middle of the rev
217
midbed
range, around 3000 rpm : Soá voøng
quay trung bình
midbed n. in dual bed catalytic
converters with air injection, the
plenum between the three-way
catalyst and the conventional
oxidation catalyst, into which
secondary air is injected: Ngaên
giöõa boä xuùc taùc ba ngaõ.
midrange torque n. pulling power
of the engine in the middle of the
rev range: Moâ men quay ôû soá
voøng quay trung bình
MIG (short for) metal/ inert gas: Kim
loaïi / khí trô
MIG welding = are welding
method in which the electric
current is provided by the filler
o
tạ
metal wire which is cooled and
ào
shielded from the access of air by
-Đ
a stream of chemically inert gas,
ng
thus preventing oxidation of the
ườ
joint: Kyõ thuaät haøn MIG (duøng
Tr
que haøn vaø khí trô)
n
migrate v. (of electrophoretic paint)
vă
to be attracted to car bodies when
Lê
they are immersed in a bath of
paint with an applied polarity
across the bath and the bodies:
Ñöôïc baùm sôn (ñieän)
mild steel n. type of steel with a low
carbon content (0.1-0.25%), widely
used in vehicle construction:
Theùp ít carbon
mile n. Daëm Anh, moät daëm = 1.609m
mileage n. (a) distance measured in
miles, as by a mileometer:
Khoaûng caùch ño baèng daëm Anh
(b) the total number of miles a
motor vehicle has travelled: Toång
soá daëm cuûa xe ñaõ ñi
(c ) the number of miles a motor
218
milligram
vehicle travels on one gallon of
fuel: Soá daëm xe ñi treân moät
gallon nhieân lieäu
mil (e) ometer n. device that
records the number of miles
travelled: Ñoàng hoà ño soá daëm ñaõ
ñi ñöôïc
mill 1 v. (a) to grind, press or reduce
to powder: Xay, nghieàn
(b) to shape or cut metal: Caùn
2.n. (a) = MILLING CUTTER:
Löôõi caét raêng, dao caét raêng,löôõi
phay (chaïy troøn)
(b) = MILLING MACHINE:
Maùy phay (baøo)
tô
ô
milled glass fibre n. chopped
ện
strands of glass fibre which vary
đi in length from 3 mm to about 50
mm: Sôïi thuûy tinh.
milling cutter n. rotating,
toothed cutter in a milling
machine, used to cut or shape
metal: Löôõi phay
milling machine n. machine tool
with a table on which rests
material which is cut by a rotating
cutting tool held by a horizontal
arbor or vertical spindle: Maùy
phay (baøo)
millsaw file n. flat hand file
with round or square edges for
sharpening saw blades or machine-
cutting knives: Duõa maøi dao caét
milliampere n. thousandth of an
ampere: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng ñoä doøng
ñieän (NOTE: with figures usually
written mA)
milliammeter n. ammeter with
a milliampere scale: Thieát bò ño
doøng coù ñôn vò mA
milligram n.unit of measurement of
weight (= one thousandth of a
millilitre
gram) : Ñôn vò ño troïng löôïng
(NOTE: with figures usually
written mg)
millilitre or US milliliter n. unit of
measurement of liquid (= one
thousandth of a litre): Ñôn vò ño
theå tích
(NOTE: with figures usually
written ml)
millimetre or US millimeter n. unit
of measurement of length (= one
thousandth of a metre): Ñôn vò ño
chieàu daøi
(NOTE: with figures usually
written mm)
mineral oil n. light lubricating oil
refined from crude oil: Daàu boâi
trôn nheï (töø daàu thoâ)
o
tạ
Mini n. very successful, small British
ào
front-wheel drive car designed in
-Đ
1959 by Sir Alec Issigonics (1906-
ng
88): Nhaõn hieäu xe Mini
ườ
minibus n. small, single-decker bus
Tr
designed to carry around 12-20
n
people: Xe buyùt nhoû
vă
minicar n. very small saloon car,
Lê
carrying no more than four adults:
Xe oâ toâ nhoû
mini catalytic converter n. usually
used as a primary catalytic
converter and installed close to the
engine in the headpipe: Boä xuùc
taùc nhoû
miniframe n. = SUSPENSION
SUBFRAME: Söôøn khung phuï
cuûa heä thoáng treo
mini-grinder n. = ANGLE
GRINDER: Maùy maøi goùc
Minilite (alloy wheel) n. a true
magnesium wheel, developed for
the Mini in 1962 by nuclear
engineer Derek Power on the basis
219
mist action
of experience gathered with
magnesium components in nuclear
power plants; the Minilite: Maâm
hôïp kim Minilite
mini spare wheel n. = TEMPA
SPARE WHEEL: Baùnh xe döï
phoøng
mini tube cutter n. compact tube
cutter for cutting brass, copper,
plastic, or thin steel tubing in
confined areas: Dao caét oáng nhoû
minivan n. minibus-sized van with no
side windows, used to transport
goods instead of people: Xe taûi
loaïi nhoû
tô
minor diameter n. diameter
ô
ện
measured from the thread root to
đi the corresponding root on the
opposite side of the bolt or screw:
Ñöôøng kính chaân ren
mint condition n. (in) perfect
condition, as brand new: Tình
traïng hoaøn haûo nhö môùi tinh
mirror n. car mirrors can be either
interior or exterior: Göông chieáu
haäu
misalignment n. general term
referring to all types of frame
damage caused by accidents:
Khung xe bò leäch do tai naïn
misfire 1 v. (of the air/ fuel mixture)
to fail to ignite properly (often
resulting in a backfire) : Khoâng
noå (ñoäng cô)
2 n. the act of misfiring: Söï
boû maùy
miss v. = MISFIRE : Khoâng noå
(ñoäng cô)
mist action n. US =
INTERMITTENT WIPER
CONTROL: Boä ñieàu khieån caàn
gaït nöôùc ngaét quaõng
mixed-flow impeller
mixed-flow impeller n. pump
impeller which combines radial
and axial-flow principles, i.e.
liquid flows both along the drive
shaft and out through the impeller;
pump impellers are classed as
mixed-flow when the specific
speed is 2,000 to 6,000 rpm: Caùnh
bôm xieân (keát hôïp duøng doïc vaø
ngang)
mixed-flow pump = centrifugal
pump which develops its head
partly by centrifugal force and
partly by the lift of the vanes on
the liquid: Bôm ly taâm
mixing chamber n. (a) that
part of a carburettor distinct from
the float chamber both in function
o
tạ
and layout, in which the air and the
ào
fuel mix as they meet: Buoàng hoøa
-Đ
troän (cheá hoøa khí)
ng
(b) (of a catalytic converter) =
ườ
MIDBED: Ngaên giöõa boä xuùc taùc
Tr
ba ngaõ.
n
mixing head n. head of an
vă
oxy-acetylence torch by which the
Lê
mixture of oxygen and acetylene
can be adjusted: Ñaàu troän khí cuûa
moû haøn hôi
mixing rolls n. machine
designed for the mixing and
mastication of the materials from
which tyres are made: Truïc caùn
hoøa troän (laøm voû xe)
mixture n. (a) air/ fuel mixture in
an IC engine (b) (two-stroke
engine) mixture of oil and petrol
in the fuel tank of a two-stroke
engine; e.g. 1:50, i.e. one part of
oil is added to every 50 parts of
fuel: Hoãn hôïp, hoøa khí
mixture control knob n. =
220
modular air strut
CHOKE: Böôùm gioù
mixture control screw n.
adjusting screw which controls the
amount of air/ fuel mixture
supplied by the idling circuit of a
fixed-jet carburettor: Vít ñieàu
chænh hoãn hôïp, vít xaêng
mixture control unit n. unit in
the K-jetronic fuel injection
system which combines the fuel
distributor and the airflow sensor;
it monitors the rate of airflow and
meters the fuel supplied to the
injectors: Boä ñieàu chænh hoãn hôïp
(phun K)
tô
mixture volume n. the
ô
ện
quantity of air/ fuel mixture:
điLöôïng hoãn hôïp
mobile home n. US caravan : Xe rô
mooc duøng laøm nhaø ôû, nhaø löu
ñoäng
mobile phone n. cellular
telephone: Ñieän thoaïi di ñoäng
treân xe
mobile two-way radio n.
receiver/ transmitter used for CB
communication: Maùy thu phaùt di
ñoäng.
mode n. way of operating : Cheá ñoä
laøm vieäc
model designation n. shortened
description of a particular model:
Moâ taû ngaén veà maãu xe
model year (MY) n. a new model
year starts after the summer break
of the car production plant, during
which the assembly lines are
altered to accommodate the
changes introduced in the cars of
the next model year: Naêm ra kieåu
xe môùi .
modular air strut n. = SELF-
modulator
LEVELLING (SUSPENSION)
STRUT: Thanh töï caân baèng
(treo)
modulator n. (Automatic gearbox)
actuator used to transform inlet
manifold vacuum into
mechanical motion, which in turn
can be used to move the connected
modulator valve: Boä ñieàu bieán
modulator pressure = pressure
controlled by the actuator valve
and thus directly related to inlet
manifold vacuum: Aùp suaát ñieàu
bieán
modulator valve = valve
operated by the modulator to
create modulator pressure by
means of inlet manifold vacuum:
Van ñieàu bieán
module n. electronic control
-Đ
assembly: Boä ñieàu khieån ñieän töû
ng
molecular weight n. the mass of a
ườ
molecule that may be calculated as
Tr
the sun of the atomic weights of its
n
constituent atom: Troïng löôïng
vă
phaân töû
Lê
mole grips or mole wrench n.
locking pliers: Kìm khoaù
molybdenum n. metallic element
used in alloys, especially to harden
and strengthen steels in high
temperature applications, like
exhaust valves: Molypñen (hoùa
hoïc)
molybdenum piston ring or
(informal) moly ring = piston ring
with a molybdenum coating: Baïc
pittoâng coù lôùp Molypñen phuû
ngoaøi
MON = MOTOR OCTANE
NUMBER: Chæ soá oác-tan ñoäng cô
monkey wrench n. = ADJUSTABLE
MOT
SPANNER: Moû leát
monobloc casting or construction n.
type of engine construction where
the cylinders are cast in a single
block which incorporates the
a crankcase: Caáu truùc ñoäng cô vôùi
xy lanh ñuùc lieàn vôùi caùc te.
monocoque n. unitary design in
which body and chassis are all one
unit: Thieát keá khung vaø voû
nguyeân khoái
(NOTE: also called unitary
construction)
Mono-Jetronic n. single point
injection system developed by
tô
ô
Bosch: Heä thoáng phun xaêng ñôn
ện
ñieåm
đi
monolith n. single block of material;
o
tạ
used to describe the (ceramic)
ào
base for the catalyst in one type of
catalytic converter : Lôùp neàn cho
boä hoaù khöû
monolithic converter =
catalytic converter with a catalyst-
coated, ceramic honeycomb
monolith through which the
exhaust gases pass: Boä hoaù khöû
daïng toå ong
monomer n. a relatively simple
compound which can react with
itself to form a polymer or with
other monomers to form a
copolymer: Hôïp chaát ñôn phaân töû
monotube damper or shock absorber
n. = SINGLE-TUBE SHOCK
ABSORBER: Phuoäc nhuùn moät
oáng
moped n. two-wheeled cycle with a
low powered motor (under 50 cc):
Xe gaén maùy coù coâng suaát thaáp
MOT (short for) Ministry of
Transport: Boä giao thoâng vaän taûi
221
MOT certificate moulding material

motor mechanic n. car

MOT certificate = certificate
awarded when a vehicle passes an
MOT test: Giaáy chöùng nhaän ñaõ
kieåm tra xe
MOT test = annual
roadworthiness test for all vehicles
over two years old, undertaken by
a garage approved by the
(currently named) Department of
Transport: Kieåm tra xe haøng naêm
cho nhöõng xe quaù 2 naêm.
motor n. (a) electric motor: Ñoäng
cô ñieän
(b) engine: Ñoäng cô
mechanic: Thôï maùy
motor octane number (MON)
n. fuel octane rating determined
by the motor octane test, one of
many test procedures: Chæ soá oác-
tan ñoäng cô
motor oil n. engine oil or gear
oil: Daàu nhôùt ñoäng cô
motor scooter n. lightweight
motorcycle with small wheels, an
enclosed engine, open foot
platform and leg shields: Xe tay
ga
motor vehicle n. any

tô
(c) motor car: Xe oâ toâ

ô
automotive vehicle that does not

ện
motorbike n. (informal) = run on rails; usually with rubber
MOTORCYCLE: Xe gaén maùy đityres; such as cars, trucks, lorries
o
tạ
motor car n. a (usually) four- and motorcycles: Xe coä (coù baùnh)
ào

wheeled road vehicle powered by motorway n. a multi-lane,

-Đ

an IC engine and designed for main road for fast-moving traffic

ng

passengers: Xe oâ toâ (speed limit 70 mph in the UK)

ườ

motor caravan or US motor with a central reservation, and few

Tr

home n. a self-powered exit and entry points: Ñöôøng lôùn

n

(motorized) caravan: Nhaø löu daønh cho oâtoâ chaïy nhanh; ñöôøng
vă

ñoäng cao toác, xa loä

Lê

motorcycle n. single-track MOT test see MOT

vehicle usually driven by a two-
stroke or four-stroke engine; often
air-cooled, less frequently liquid-
cooled and usually between 125 cc
and1000 cc: Xe moâtoâ
motor home n. US = MOTOR
CARAVAN: Nhaø löu ñoäng
motor insurance n. insurance
against damage to or damage
caused by a vehicle: Phí baûo
hieåm oâ toâ 2 chieàu.
motorist n. car driver: Ngöôøi
laùi xe oâtoâ
motorized a. with a motor:
Gaén ñoäng cô
mould or US mold 1 n. hollow form
used to give a certain shape to
fluid or plastic material: Khuoân
2 v. to shape in a mould: Laøm
khuoân
mouldability n. capacity for
being mould into a particular form:
Khaû naêng ñuùc ñöôïc
moulded part or moulding n.
plastic part produced by injection
moulding etc: Chi tieát laøm baèng
nhöïa ñuùc
moulding material n. moulding
materials are products which can
be moulded permanently by a

222
mould shrinkage
shaping process employing
mechanical forces within a given
temperature range into moulded
parts or semi-finished articles; in
some cases moulding materials are
used in a preformed state (e.g.
pelleted or granulated) without
their plastic mouldability being
appreciably impaired by such
preforming: Vaät lieäu ñuùc
mould shrinkage n. (of
thermoplastics) the difference in
dimension between the cold mould
and the cooled moulded part,
expressed in % relative to the
dimension of the cold mould: Tyû
leä co cuûa chi tieát ñuùc
Moulton Hydragas suspension n.
o
hydro pneumatic suspension
tạ
ào
developed by Leyland: Heä thoáng
-Đ
treo Moulton Hydragas
Moulton Hydrolastic
ng
ườ
suspension = Hydrolastic
Tr
suspension developed by Leyland:
n
Heä thoáng treo Moulton
vă
Hydrolastic
Lê
mount v. to attach something to a
support: Laép ñaët, gaén
mounting n. support to which
or by means of which something is
attached: Giaù, khung
mounting frame = floating-
frame disc brake in which the
floating frame is held by a casting
which is bolted to the steering
knuckle or other suspension part:
Phanh ñóa vôùi khung treo
move off v. to start from rest; to
begin to drive away: Ñi tieáp
moving contact n. component of a
solenoid switch; in a starter motor
it is designed for switching on the
223
multi-disc
electric circuit in the excitation and
armature windings: Tieáp ñieåm di
ñoäng (laù ñoàng trong rôle caøi
khôùp maùy khôûi ñoäng)
mpg (short for) miles per gallon;
measure of fuel consumption: Ñôn
vò ño löôïng nhieân lieäu tieâu thuï
(soá daëm chaïy ñöôïc treân moät
gallon)
mph (short for) miles per hour;
measure of vehicle speed: Ñôn vò
ño toác ñoä xe tính theo daëm.
MPI = MULTI-POINT INJECTION:
Phun ña ñieåm
tô
MSTS = MICROPROCESSOR
ô
SPARK TIMING SYSTEM: Heä
ện
thoáng duøng maïch vi xöû lyù ñieàu
đikhieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
mud and snow tyre (M + S tyre) n.
winter tyre with a deep tread:
Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân buøn vaø baêng
tuyeát
mudflap n. flexible rubber or
vinyl rear extension to the wheel
arch to protect the bodywork from
dirt and stones: Taám chaén buøn
vaø ñaát ñaù
(NOTE: US English is splash
guard)
mudguard n. curved part over
the wheels of a motorcycle to
minimize splashing: Veø xe gaén
maùy
muffler n. US = SILENCER: OÁng
giaûm thanh (poâ)
Multec (system) n. combined fuel
injection and ignition system
Multec: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån tích
hôïp caû xaêng vaø löûa Multec
multi-cut file n. = MULTI-
PURPOSE FILE: Giuõa vaïn naêng
multi-disc a. = MULTI-
multi-entry
PLATE : Nhieàu ñóa
multi-entry n. (pump) =
MULTI-SUCTION PUMP: Bôm
nhieàu loã huùt
multi-focal (MF) a. multiple-
focus: Nhieàu tieâu ñieåm
multi-focal headlight
conventional headlight with a
multiple focus parabolic reflector:
Ñeøn ñaàu nhieàu tieâu ñieåm (phaûn
chieáu)
multi-function control stalk n. a
rodshaped control mounted on the
steering column near the steering
wheel: Coâng taéc daïng oáng döôùi
voâ laêng
multigrade oil n. if an engine oil
meets the viscosity requirements
of several different single-grade
engine oil types it is referred to as
-Đ
multigrade: Daàu nhôùt ña caáp
ng
multigrip pliers n. pliers with
ườ
an adjustable head allowing
Tr
different jaw widths: Moû leát
n
multi-hole nozzle n. two-, three-
vă
or four-holed injector nozzle in a
Lê
direct injection engine: Voøi phun
nhieàu loã tia
multi-inlet pump n. = MULTI-
SUCTION PUMP: Bôm nhieàu loã
huùt
multi-leaf spring n. leaf spring
made of several narrow, flat strips
(leaves): Nhíp nhieàu laù
multi-link independent rear
suspension n. special multi-link
rear suspension design, developed
by Mercedes-Benz for the W 201
series: Heä thoáng treo sau ñoäc laäp
nhieàu khaâu.
multi-link rear suspension =
general term for independent rear
multi-point injection
suspension layouts incorporating
several control arms: Heä thoáng
treo sau nhieàu khaâu
multi-piece rim n. rim type
incorporating at least one
demountable bead seat and/ or rim
= flange to allow tyre mounting:
Loaïi nieàng xe thaùo rôøi (nhieàu
mieáng)
(NOTE: oppiste is one-piece rim)
multi-plate or multiple-plate clutch
or US multiple-disc clutch n.
clutch with more than one driven
plate, usually of the oil-immersed
type; frequently used in
tô
motorcycle drive trains, in
ô
ện
automatic transmissions of cars, in
đi power distribution systems of 4wd
o
tạ
vehicles, and as locking elements
ào
in limited-slip differentials: Boä ly
hôïp nhieàu ñóa ma saùt
multiple-disc limited-slip
differential = limited-slip
differential incorporating multiple
discs as locking or slip-inhibiting
devices: Boä vi sai giôùi haïn tröôït
nhieàu ñóa
multiple-point injection n. =
MULTI-POINT INJECTION: Heä
thoáng phun ña ñieåm
multiple-spark (ignition) coil
n. = MULTI-SPARK (IGNITION)
COIL: Boâbin duøng cho nhieàu xy
lanh (ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp)
multiplex technology n. in
cars, connecting lamps, wipers,
horn, etc. to a single power cable
via electronically controlled
modules, making it easier to
diagnose faults and to service:
Coâng ngheä ña daãn.
multi-point injection (MPI) n.
224
multi-purpose file MY

petrol fuel-injection system in mushroom-shaped dolly n. dolly

which only air enters the inlet
manifold; as the air approaches the
inlet valve, an injection valve
opens in the valve port, spraying
fuel into the airstream: Heä thoáng
phun ña ñieåm
multi-purpose file n. file
(usually flat) with faces featuring
different cuts, e.g. coarse cut on
one side and smooth cut on the
other: Giuõa vaïn naêng
multi-spark (ignition) coil n.
type of ignition coil used in static
high-voltage distribution, designed
with a shank to allow it to be hand-
held or clamped in a vice; a more
or less rounded head may be fitted
to one or both ends of the shank:
Ñe hình naám.
mushroom tappet n. tappet
shaped like a mushroom located on
the underside of a pushrod
operating the valves of a four-
stroke engine: Con ñoäi suù paùp
hình naám
mushroom valve n. =
POPPET VALVE: Suù paùp
mutual inductance n. takes place

tô
as a double-spark or four-spark when a current in one winding

ô
ện
coil: Bobin cho 2 hoaëc 4 xy lanh induces an EMF in another
(ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp) đi winding in the same magnetic
o
tạ
multi-stage pump n. pump with two circuit: Caûm öùng töông hoã.
ào

or more stages (impeller/ diffusers MV = MANUAL VALVE: Van ñieàu

-Đ

or other pumping elements) khieån baèng tay

ng

operating in series: Bôm nhieàu MY = MODEL YEAR: Naêm ra kieåu

ườ

taàng xe môùi.
Tr

multi-storey car park n. car park

n

with many levels: Choã ñaäu oâto

vă

nhieàu taàng
Lê

multi-suction pump n. centrifugal

pump with several impellers
connected in parallel; i.e. the flow
is separated into two or more
partial flows: Bôm nhieàu loã huùt

225
N needle
Nn
N (gear selector) = NEUTRAL: Soá
N trong daõy soá cuûa hoäp soá töï
ñoäng
nail punch n. = DRIFT PUNCH: Kìm
nhoå ñinh
natural frequency n. frequency at
which an object, circuit or system
oscillates or vibrates when set in
free vibration: Taàn soá dao ñoäng
töï do
natural gas n. alternative,
environmentally friendly fuel
(mainly methane) which can be
stored under pressure in the boot
as compressed natural gas (CNG):
o
tạ
Khí ñoát thieân nhieân
ào
naturally aspirated engine n.
-Đ
conventional engine that takes in
air at normal pressure, i. e. not
ng
ườ
turbocharged or supercharged:
Tr
Ñoäng cô khoâng taêng aùp
n
(NOTE: opposite is forced-
vă
induction engine)
Lê
natural oxide film or skin n.
transparent film which forms
naturally on an aluminium surface
due to oxidation: Lôùp maøng oxit
nhoâm
natural rubber (NR) n. rubber
which occurs naturally as a
product of the metabolism of
certain trees and plants, notably
trees of the Hevea brasiliensis
species: Cao su töï nhieân
natural weathering n.
corrosion test by means of which
the corrosion resistance of a
material is tested in the open air:
Kieåm tra khaû naêngï aên moøn
226
cuûa vaät lieäu khi ñeå ngoaøi trôøi.
nave n. wheel hub: Truïc baùnh xe
nave plate = hub cap: Naép
troøn ñaäy truïc baùnh xe
NCM = NOx-CONTROL MODULE:
Boä kieåm soaùt khí NOx
NCS = NOISE CANCELLATION
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng khöû tieáng
oàn
NDIR analyser n. non-dispersive
infrared analyser, used for
analysing concentrations of carbon
tô
monoxide and carbon dioxide in
ô
ện
an exhaust gas sample: Maùy phaân
đi tích haøm löôïng CO vaø CO2 trong
khí thaûi baèng tia hoàng ngoaïi.
NDT method n. non-destructive
testing method, such as ultrasonic
testing, X-ray testing, dye-
penetrant testing: Phöông phaùp
nghieân cöùu khoâng phaù huûy nhö
duøng sieâu aâm, X-quang…
nearside (n/s) n. the side of a
vehicle nearest the kerb (when
driving): Phía xe gaàn saùt vôùi leà
ñöôøng.
necking n. when ductile test
specimens are subjected to a
tensile test, they exhibit necking
when the tensile force exceeds the
yield strength of the material;
necking results in a reduction of
area, measured in percent after
break of the specimen: Phaàn thaét
laïi cuûa vaät maãu khi thöû söùc caêng
needle n. (a) indicator or pointer on
an instrument or gauge: Kim chæ
baùo, kim ñoàng hoà
(b) tapered, needle-shaped pin in
needle bearing
a carburettor jet: Kim ga
needle bearing n. roller
bearing with long thin rollers: OÅ bi
kim, oå bi ñuõa daøi
needle-nose pliers n.
LONG-NOSE PLIERS: Kìm moû
nhoïn
needle valve n. (i) valve with a
needle-shaped pin that can be
moved to control the flow of a
fluid: Van kim trong heä thoáng
thuyû löïc.
(ii) in a carburettor, valve which
controls the amount of petrol
flowing from the pump to the float
chamber: Van kim trong boä cheá
hoøa khí.
EGR valve n. = NEGATIVE
TRANSDUCER VALVE: Van
tuaàn hoaøn khí thaûi
-Đ
negative camber see
ng
CAMBER: Ñoä nghieâng vaøo trong
ườ
cuûa baùnh xe (goùc nghieâng aâm)
Tr
negative castor n. (steering
n
vă
geometry) when an imaginary line
extended through the steering axis
Lê
meets the ground behind the
extended vertical axis through the
wheel centre: Ñoä nghieâng cuûa
truïc baùnh xe höôùng veà tröôùc
(goùc nghieâng aâm)
negative electrode n. =
NEGATIVE PLATE: Baûn cöïc
aâm (aéc quy)
negative plate n. during
battery discharge, the grey plate
which acts as anode: Baûn cöïc aâm
(bình aéc-quy)
(NOTE: opposite is positive
plate)
negative spark n. a spark that
jumps from the negative centre
Nernst equation
electrode to the positive earth
electrode of the sparking plug,
allowing a reduction in the high
voltage require: Tia löûa ñieän
= phoùng töø ñieän cöïc giöõa cuûa
bougie vôùi ñieän theá aâm sang
ñieän cöïc bìa vôùi ñieän theá döông.
negative suction head n. =
SUCTION LIFT: Chieàu cao coät
huùt aâm
negative terminal n. black
battery terminal with a minus
symbol indicating negative
polarity: Coïc aâm
negative transducer EGR
tô
ô
valve n. valve used on engines
ện
with a relatively low back
đi pressure to provide the desired
o
tạ
opening point and exhaust gas
ào
recycling rate: Van tuaàn hoaøn
khí thaûi
negative wheel offset or
negative wheel dish(ing) n. =
NEGATIVE OFFSET
nerf bar n. US type of front bumper
guard, typically made of chrome-
plated steel tubing; extends
horizontally from below front end
and is curved upward; a pair of
nerf bars is usually braced by a
horizontal crossbar (NOTE: in
Australia called roo bar): Thanh
ñôõ va (thanh caûn tröôùc) laøm
baèng theùp maï crome hoaëc inox
Nernst equation n. relationship
showing that the electromotive
force developed by a dry cell is
determined by the activities of the
reacting species, the temperature
of the reaction, and the standard
free-energy change of the overall
reaction: Coâng thöùc tính söùc
227
neutral
ñieän ñoäng aéc quy Nernst
neutral 1 a. (a) not having any
marked characteristics: Khoâng coù
ñaëc ñieåm roõ reät.
neutral handling = having
neither oversteer nor understeer:
Beû laùi khoâng dö cuõng khoâng
thieáu
(b) having a pH of 7, i. e. neither
alkaline nor acid: Trung tính
(hoaù)
2 n. position of the gearbox in
which no gear is engaged;
indicated by the letter N on
automatic gear selectors: Tay soá
N (soá mo)
new-old-stock (NOS) part n. new
genuine spares for older models,
o
tạ
referring mostly to spare parts that
ào
are normally no longer produced:
-Đ
Phuï tuøng môùi cho caùc xe ñôøi cuõ
ng
khoâng coøn saûn xuaát.
ườ
NiCaSil n. nickel-silicon plating used
Tr
e. g. on the cylinder walls of
n
certain light-weight high-
vă
performance engines; reduces
Lê
weight and friction and improves
heat transfer: Lôùp maï nickel-
silicon treân thaønh xy lanh
nickel plating n. thin coating of
nickel deposited on a surface by
electrolysis: Lôùp maï keàn
nipple n. (a) (lubrication) small, one-
way valve used for injecting
grease into a bearing: Nuùm tra
môõ, nuùm voâ môõ
(b) (bleeding) short, steel tube
holding a thin rubber or plastic
tube used for bleeding hydraulic
fluid: OÁc xaû gioù
nippy a. (of a motor vehicle) small
and relatively powerful: Nhoû
228
nominal diameter
nhöng maïnh (xe)
nitriding n. (of a steel surface)
hardening by heating for several
hours in ammonia gas; used on
crankshafts: Toâi beà maët truïc
khuyûu baèng caùch nung trong
amoniac
nitrocellulose paint n. paint giving a
deep, lustrous finish: Lôùp sôn nitô
xenluloza
nitrogen oxides (NOx) n. general
term for an unknown mixture of
nitrogen oxides, usually nitric
oxide and nitrogen dioxide: Khí
nitô oxit
tô
ô
noble metal n. precious metal (such as
ện
gold, silver, mercury, platinum)
đi which conducts electricity very
well, resists corrosion and is inert;
some are used as catalysts in
catalytic converters: Kim loaïi quyù
no-claims bonus n. reduction in
insurance premiums because no
claims have been made: Tieàn
thöôûng (giaûm tieàn baûo hieåm)
nhôø laùi xe an toaøn
noise cancellation or reduction
n. the reduction of noise by means
of anti-noise loudspeakers: Khöû
tieáng oàn
noise cancellation system
(NCS) = ANTI-NOISE SYSTEM:
Heä thoáng khöû tieáng oàn
nominal capacity n. = RATED
CAPACITY: Dung löôïng ñònh
möùc
nominal diameter n.
characteristic value used for
pipeline systems to identify parts
which belong together such as
pipes, pipe joints, fittings, etc; a
nominal size for the inside
nominal engine speed
diameter: Ñöôøng kính ñònh möùc
nominal engine speed n. =
RATED SPEED: Toác ñoä ñoäng cô
ñònh möùc
nominal length n. (i) length of
the shank of screws/bolts with flat
bearing faces; (ii) length of shank
plus height of head of countersunk
bolts/screws; (iii) overall length of
a stud minus the length of the stud
end: Chieàu daøi, ñoä daøi ñònh möùc
cuûa bu loâng.
nominal pressure n.
RATED PRESSURE: AÙp suaát
ñònh möùc
nominal (thread) diameter n.
= MAJOR DIAMETER: Ñöôøng
kính (ren) ñònh möùc
nominal voltage n. = RATED
VOLTAGE: Ñieän aùp ñònh möùc
-Đ
non-destructive testing (NDT) see
ng
NDT METHOD: Phöông phaùp
ườ
kieåm tra khoâng phaù huûy
Tr
non-dispersive infrared
n
vă
analyser see NDIR ANALYSER:
Maùy phaân tích khí thaûi duøng tia
Lê
hoàng ngoaïi
non-ferrous metal n. metal that
is not based on iron; includes
aluminium, copper, magnesium,
etc.: Kim loaïi maøu
non-self-priming pump n. a
centrifugal pump which is unable
to evacuate and prime the suction
line without external assistance:
Bôm ly taâm khoâng töï moài
(NOTE: opposite is self-priming
pump)
non-servo brake n. drum brake
design; each brake shoe is
anchored, therefore no one shoe
can assist in the application of the
nose-up
other; one shoe is self-energizing,
the other is not: Phanh khoâng trôï
löïc
Nordberg key n. round key: Chìa
khoùa troøn
Nordic Anti-Corrosion Code n. (for
passenger cars) code developed
by the Scandinavian automobile
and consumer associations which
stipulates that, as of January 1983,
all cars must be free of surface
corrosion for three years and free
= of perforation and weakening
damage for six years: Luaät baûo
veä ngöôøi tieâu duøng ôû moät soá
tô
nöôùc Baéc AÂu quy ñònh xe du lòch
ô
ện
khoâng ñöôïc ræ beà maët trong 3
đi naêm, khoâng bò thuûng trong 6
o
tạ
naêm.
ào
normal zinc technology see LOW
ZINC TECHNOLOGY
normally aspirated engine n.
= NATURALLY ASPIRATED
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô khoâng taêng
aùp
north-south layout n. engine
layout with the cylinders lying
lengthways from the front (north)
to the back (south): Ñoäng cô
ñaëttheo chieàu doïc
(NOTE: also called longitudinal
engine)
NOS = NEW-OLD-STOCK (PART):
Phuï tuøng môùi cho xe ñôøi cuõ
nose n. the front end of a vehicle: Maët
tröôùc cuûa xe hôi
nose-to-tail n. driving mode in
rush-hour traffic; bumper-to-
bumper: Xe chaïy noái ñuoâi nhau
nose-up a. description of the
towing vehicle if the vehicle being
towed is too heavy: Tình traïng
229
nose dive
cuûa xe keùo neáu xe ñöôïc keùo quaù
naëng
nose dive n. = BRAKE DIVE:
Phanh bò ñaâm
nosepiece n. insert for pop-rivet
pliers that is used to allow various
pop-rivet diameters to be used:
Ñaàu naïp ñi veâ
nose protector n.cover, usually of
black soft plastic sheeting with
flannel-like backing, that fits
around the front end of a car: Vaät
baûo veä muõi xe baèng chaát deûo
(NOTE: also called nose bra)
nose weight n. vertical weight on the
centre of the towing ball exerted
by the vehicle being towed (on
level ground): Troïng löôïng ñöùng
o
tạ
ôû taâm moùc keùo khi keùo xe
ào
no-spin differential n. = LIMITED-
-Đ
SLIP DIFFERENTIAL: Boä
ng
truyeàn ñoäng vi sai giôùi haïn tröôït
ườ
notchy a. (changing of gears) not
Tr
smooth, causing a slight crashing
n
of gears; often caused by the
vă
clutch failing to disengage fully:
Lê
Tieáng keâu khi voâ soá do ly hôïp
khoâng nhaû heát
NOX (symbolfor) NITROGEN
OXIDES: Khí NOx
NOx-Control module NCM =
digital ignition control module for
retrofitting to cars with Motronic
engine control; modifies ignition
timing characteristics for lower
NOx emissions: Boä phaän kieåm
soaùt khí NOx
nozzle n. jet, hole, or special fitting at
the end of a pipe for controlling
what comes out: Voøi phun
nozzle restrictor n. restrictor
in the fuel filler neck of cars fitted
230
nylon
with catalytic converters that
prevents filling from leaded petrol
pumps, which have larger pump
nozzles: Loã ñoå xaêng duøng cho
xaêng khoâng chì (nhoû hôn)
NR = NATURAL RUBBER: Cao su
thieân nhieân
n/s = NEARSIDE: Phía leà
nudge bar n. = NERF BAR: Thanh
caûn tröôùc
numberplate n. plate on the front and
back of a vehicle, showing its
registration number: Baûng ñaêng
kyù (baûng soá xe oâ toâ)
(NOTE: US English is license
tô
ô
plate)
ện
numberplate lamp = lamp
đi providing white illumination of
the rear numberplate: Ñeøn baûng
soá
nut n. small, metal block with a
threaded central hole so that it can
be screwed on to a bolt, screw,
etc.: Ñai oác
nut cracker or splitter = tool
used to crack open stubborn nuts
without damaging the bolt or stud
thread: Duïng cuï ñuïc ñai oác (khi
môû khoù)
nut driver or spinner =
SOCKET DRIVER: Caàn sieát nuï
nut starter = tool used to hold
nuts for easy placement in tight
locations: Duïng cuï giöõ ñai oác khi
sieát nhöõng choã heïp
nut thread = internal thread of
a nut: Ñöôøng ren beân trong cuûa
ñai oác
nylon nut n. self-locking nut with
nylon insert: Ñai oác töï haõm coù
loàng ni loâng
nylon n. tough, versatile,
nylon nylon hammer

synthetic material; can be used in nylon hammer = soft face

sheet, fibre, or solid form: Ni loâng hammer with a nylon face: Buùa ni
loâng (nhöïa)

tô
ô
ện
đi
o
tạ
ào
-Đ
ng
ườ
Tr
n
vă
Lê

231
obstruction spanner
obstruction spanner n. bent ring
spanner for reaching around
manifold and other obstacles to
work on parts with difficult access,
such as starter or alternators: Caàn
sieát duøng cho nhöõng vuøng ñoäng
cô khoù luoàn tay
OC = OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT:
Truïc cam treân naép maùy
ocean liner blast horn n. horn which
imitates the deep bellow of an
ocean liner horn: Coøi xe baét
chöôùc tieáng coøi hôi cuûa taøu bieån
octagonal (head) bolt n. bolt with
an eight-sided head: Bu-loâng ñaàu
baùt giaùc
octagon nut n. nut with
-Đ
eight-sided: Ñai oác baùt giaùc
octane number (ON) or octane
ng
ườ
rating n. the measure of a
Tr
fuel’s anti-knock rating; the
n
average of Research Octane
vă
Number (RON) and Motor Octane
Lê
Number (MON): Chæ soá oâctan
OD = OVERDRIVE: Soá cao nhaát
trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng, soá OD
OUTER DIAMETER: Ñöôøng kính
ngoaøi.
odometer n. incorporated in the
speedometer, the odometer
indicates total mileage of the
vehicle, in miles or kilometres,
either mechanically
electronically: Ñoàng hoà ño
quaõng ñöôøng ñaõ ñi cuûa xe.
OE (M) = ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT
(MANUFACTURER): Thieát bò
chính haõng (nhaø saûn xuaát)
offer up v. to bring a part close to or
offset crankshaft
Oo
in contact with another, ready to
fit the pieces together: Laép chi
tieát naøy vaøo chi tieát khaùc
off-line a. independent of the main
production process line;
characterized by a separate
operation: Hoaït ñoäng ñoäc laäp vôùi
daây chuyeàn saûn xuaát
off-line painting = painting of
parts, mostly plastic parts, outside
the actual painting line: Sôn caùc
chi tieát baèng nhöïa ngoaøi daây
tô
chuyeàn sôn.
ô
ện
off-road vehicle n. 4wd vehicle with
đi locking differential for use on
o
rough terrain: Xe ñòa hình, xe
tạ
ào
vieät daõ
offset 1 a. set at an angle or to one
side: Ñaët moät goùc, moät phía
2 n. (a) (steering geometry) =
SCRUB RADIUS: Baùn kính laùi
(b) (wheel) the distance
between the centre line of the rim
and the attachment face of the
wheel disc at the wheel hub; this
dimension can either be positive,
negative, or zero.: Khoaûng caùch
giöõa ñöôøng taâm vaønh baùnh xe
vôùi maët gaù laép ñóa baùnh xe ôû
truïc baùnh xe (khoaûng caùch naøy
coù theå döông, aâm hoaëc baèng
khoâng)
or offset angle n. angle of the offset
crankpins in V-engines: Goùc leäch
khuyûu (trong ñoäng cô chöõ V).
offset crankshaft n. crankshaft
layout whereby the axes of the
crankshaft and the piston pin do
not intersect: Kieåu truïc khuyûu
232
offset handle
maø treân hình chieáu taâm cuûa truïc
khuyûu khoâng caét aéc piston.
offset handle n. drive handle for use
with sockets, with one end set at
90o to the handle: Tay quay duøng
cho tuyùp coù ñaàu leäch 90 o.
offset power steering n. =
LINKAGE POWER STEERING:
Laùi coù trôï löïc lieân keát baèng
thanh laùi
offset screwdriver n.
screwdriver with either straight or
cross-head tips or a combination
of both, and the two ends set at
right angles to the shank: Tuoác nô
vít coù tay quay ngang
offset twin n. typical
o
tạ
motorcycle engine with the two
ào
crankpins offset by 180°: Loaïi
-Đ
ñoäng cô xe gaén maùy coù ñoä leäch
ng
giöõa hai choát khuyûu baèng 180°
ườ
offset wrench n. L-shaped
Tr
tool for turning recessed screws:
n
Thanh môû bu-loâng chìm hình L
vă
off shape or off colour n. colour
Lê
mismatch due to wrong paint
mixing or application: Sai maøu
(sôn)
offside o/s n. side of the vehicle
farthest away from the kerb (when
driving): Beân xe xa leà ñöôøng (coù
theå traùi hoaëc phaûi tuyø theo tay
laùi thuaän hay nghòch)
off-the-car balancing n. balancing
the wheel after it has been
removed from the car: Caân baèng
ñoäng baùnh xe ngoaøi xe
(NOTE: opposite is on-the-car
balancing)
off-the-dolly panel beating n.
metalworking technique used to
233
oil can
hammer out dents in the
bodywork: Goø khoâng duøng ñe
OHC = OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT:
Truïc cam treân naép maùy
ohmmeter n. instrument designed
for measuring electric resistance:
OÂm keá
OHV-engine n. = OVERHEAD
VALVE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù
suùpap treân naép maùy
oil n. the oil used to lubricate an
engine (engine oil) is refined
from crude oil and apart from
reducing friction and wear, cools
tô
ô
high-temperature parts like
ện
bearings and piston rings (as well
đi as sealing the latter against blow-
by) and helps to keep engines
clean and free from corrosion
caused by combustion gases: Daàu
(nhôùt) boâi trôn ñoäng cô, nhôùt
oil additive n. any one of a variety
of chemicals added to engine oils
to improve their performance:
Caùc chaát phuï gia cuûa daàu (nhôùt)
ñoäng cô
oil and water extractor n.
(compressor) = AIR
TRANSFORMER: Boä phaän taùch
daàu(nhôùt) vaø nöôùc trong maùy
neùn
oil breather pipe n. crankcase
breather pipe used prior to engine
emission control systems to
remove fumes and pressure from
the engine crankcase (NOTE: US
English is roaddraft tube): OÁng
thoâng hôi caùc te
oil can n. (a) container with a long,
thin nozzle for lubricating
machinery (b) shallow dent in a
oil change
panel that causes the panel to
warp: Bình daàu (nhôùt) vôùi voøi
nhoû vaø daøi
oil change n. draining and replacing
the engine oil in regular intervals
(ideally every six months): Chu
kyø thay daàu (nhôùt), thôøi haïn
thay daàu (nhôùt)
oil circulation n. passing of oil
round the engine: Söï löu thoâng
daàu (nhôùt) trong ñoäng cô
oil consumption n. amount of oil an
engine uses: Ñoäï tieâu hao nhôùt
trong ñoäng cô
oil control orifice valve n.
valve located in the feed line
between cylinder head: Van tieát
löu daàu (nhôùt).
o
tạ
oil control ring = OIL
ào
SCRAPER RING: Voøng gaêng
-Đ
gaït daàu (nhôùt) (xeùc-maêng daàu
ng
(nhôùt))
ườ
oil cooler n. small, air- or coolant-
Tr
cooler, radiator-like device
n
vă
designed too decrease the
temperature of the oil in the
Lê
engine to approx 185oF: Bình
giaûi nhieät daàu (nhôùt) (baèng nöôùc
hoaëc gioù)
oil cooler bypass valve = oil-
temperature controlled valve
which closes the oil circuit thought
the oil is still cold; similar function
as the thermostat in the engine
cooling system: Van haèng nhieät
trong bình (keùt) giaûi nhieät daàu
(nhôùt)
oil drain plug n. SUMP DRAIN
PLUG: OÁc xaû daàu (nhôùt) cac-te
oil drain valve = valve in an
upright oil filter housing which
lets oil drain into the sump when
234
oil filter cartridge
the filter element is removed;
prevent oil spill: Van daãn daàu
(nhôùt) vaøo caùc te khi thaùo loïc
oil duct or oil passage or oil
way n. pipe or passage through
which oil flows under pressure:
OÁng daãn daàu (nhôùt) hoaëc ñöôøng
oáng daàu (nhôùt) hoaëc raõnh daàu
(nhôùt), ñöôøng daãn daàu (nhôùt)
oiler n. (a) = CAM
LUBRICATOR: Boä phaän boâi
trôn cam (vít löûa)
(b) = OIL CAN: Bình daàu (nhôùt),
bình chaâm daàu (nhôùt)
tô
oil filler cap n. cap covering
ô
the oil filler hole: Naép ñaäy loã
ện
chaâm daàu (nhôùt)
đi oil filler hole = hole through
which oil is poured into the engine
(usually situated on top of the
rocker cover): Loã chaâm nhôùt
oil filter n. device for trapping
dirt in lubricating or hydraulic oil;
usually either a full- flow filter or
a bypass filter with the filter
elementmade of pleated paper,
gauze, ceramic or fine wire mesh:
Boä loïc daàu (nhôùt)
oil filter bypass valve = valve
in or near the oil filter which
routes the oil unfiltered directly to
the lubricating points; it comes
into operation when the oil filter is
clogged so that pressure across the
filter is higher than the pressure
needed to overcome the oil filter
bypass valve spring: Van an toaøn
trong loïc daàu (nhôùt)
oil filter cartridge = (i) the
type of oil filter usually used on
automotive engines which comes
complete with filter and housing,
 oil filter housing
and where both components are
replaced together (ii) a paper or
textile insert for the oil filter
housing (quite commonly used on
motorcycle engines where e.g. the
main filter is a disposable
cartridge, while a filter screen is
located on the bottom of the oil
pump): Löôùi loïc daàu (nhôùt).
oil filter housing = case
surrounding an oil filter: Voû boä
loïc daàu (nhôùt)
oil filter wrench = special
automotive tool for the removal
and installation of oil filters; they
come in a variety of shapes, e.g.
as strap wrenches, chain
wrenches, or special cup-style end
o
cap oil filter wrenches: Khoùa môû
tạ
ào
boä loïc daàu (nhôùt)
-Đ
oil gallery n. passage running the
length of the cylinder block
ng
ườ
through which oil under pressure
Tr
flows before passing into the
n
bearings (via holes in the cylinder
vă
block): Maïch daàu (nhôùt) trong
Lê
thaân maùy.
oil gauge n. OIL PRESSURE
GAUGE: Duïng cuï ño aùp suaát
daàu (nhôùt)
oil grade n. rating of an oil
according to its viscosity: Loaïi
daàu (nhôùt) theo ñoä nhôùt
oil groove n. recess designed
to either accommodate or
transport lubricant: Raõnh daãn daàu
(nhôùt) ñeå boâi trôn
oil immersed clutch n. =
WET CLUTCH: Ly hôïp ngaâm
trong daàu (nhôùt) (ly hôïp öôùt)
oil level n. depth of oil in
sump, gearbox or rear axle: Möïc
235
oil pressure warning light
daàu (nhôùt), möùc daàu (nhôùt)
oil level gauge = dial on the
instrument panel that indicates the
oil level; operates when the
ignition is switched on and stops
shortly after the engine starts to
run: Ñoàng hoà baùo möïc daàu
oil level sensor = sensor
mounted in the sump that supplies
information on the engine oil level
to the corresponding on the engine
oil level to the corresponding
gauge: Caûm bieán möïc daàu (nhôùt)
oil pan n. US = SUMP:
Maùng daàu (nhôùt)
tô
oil pick-up (pipe) n. pipe or
ô
ện
tube from the strainer to the oil
đi
pump in the sump: (OÁng daãn) daàu
(nhôùt) veà caùc te tö øloïc
oil pressure n. the lubrication
point of the engine will only be
lubricated sufficiently if, in
addition to the oil quantity
required, the oil pressure is also
sufficient; the oil pressure is
maintained be the oil pump: AÙp
suaát daàu (nhôùt)
oil pressure gauge: AÙp keá daàu
(nhôùt), ñoàng hoà aùp suaát daàu
(nhôùt)
oil pressure sensor = sensor
mounted above the oil filter that
supplies information on the engine
oil pressure to the corresponding
warning light: Caûm bieán aùp suaát
daàu (nhôùt)
oil pressure switch = switch
which indicates a drop too below
the minimum permissible oil
pressure by illuminating the oil
pressure warning light: Coâng taéc
aùp suaát daàu (nhôùt)
 oil pressure warning light one-off

oil pressure warning light =
instrument panel light the
illuminates when oil pressure falls
below a certain level: Ñeøn baùo aùp
suaát daàu (nhôùt)
oil pump n. pump which circulates oil
under pressure to the moving parts
of an engine; normally bolted to
the crankcase and located in the
sump; usually a gear pump: Bôm
daàu (nhôùt) boâi trôn
oil pump strainer = coarse-
mesh metal screen on the bottom
of the pick-up pipe that prevents
foreign matter (such as lost
Thieát bò taùch daàu (nhôùt) töø oáng
thoâng hôi caùc te.
oil sludge n. thick deposits in
the sump and elsewhere, of dirt
and the products of combustion,
partial combustion and oxidation
of the oil (e.g. carbon particles,
unburned hydrocarbons and
oxides): Caën daàu (nhôùt)
oil sump see SUMP: Cacte daàu
(nhôùt) ôû döôùi
oil temperature gauge n.
gauge which indicates the
temperature of the engine oil:
Ñoàng hoà ño nhieät ñoä daàu (nhôùt)

tô
washers, nuts and bolts) from oil trap n. = OIL

ô
ện
entering the oil pump: Væ loïc döôùi SEPARATOR: Duïng cuï taùch daàu
bôm daàu (nhôùt) đi (nhôùt)
o
tạ
oil rail n. the part of the oil ring oil way see OIL DUCT: Raõnh
ào

responsible for the seal between daàu (nhôùt), ñöôøng daãn daàu
-Đ

piston and cylinder wall and thus (nhôùt)

for the actual ‘scraping off’ of the
ng

oleopneumatic suspension n. =
ườ

oil: Gôø cuûa baïc nhôùt ñeå gaït HYDROPNEUMATIC

Tr

nhôùt. SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo

n

oil scraper ring n. piston ring thuyû khí

vă

whose primary function is to ON = OCTANE NUMBER: Chæ soá

Lê

control the amount of oil that oâctan

remains on the cylinder walls:
Xeùc-maêng daàu (nhôùt)
oil screen n. = OIL PUMP
STRAINER: Löôùi loïc döôùi bôm
daàu (nhôùt)
oil seal n. any seal that
prevents the leakage of oil but
especially the valve stem seal
between the valve and the
cylinder head: Phôùt daàu (nhôùt) suù
paùp.
oil separator n. wire-mesh
filter used to trap oil in the fumes
drawn out of the engine by the
crankcase ventilation system:
on-board computer n. electronic
component used to control vehicle
electrical circuits, etc. and to
process data for instrument panel
gauges: Maùy tính trung taâm
on-board diagnostic system n.
indicating devices on the car that
alert the driver when something is
wrong in the system: Heä thoáng
chaån ñoaùn treân xe
one-coat finish n. finish consisting
of a single coat of paint: Lôùp sôn
cuoái (moät lôùp)
one-off n. a car or spare part of
which only a single unit is made:

236
 one-piece rim opera light

Xe hoaëc phuï tuøng chæ laøm moät (NOTE: opposite is off-the-car

laàn balancing)
one-piece rim n. wheel rim on-the-dolly panel beating n.
consisting of one part, designed metalworking technique used to
for tubeless type mounting: Nieàng tap out dents in the bodywork: Goø
xe lieàn khung duøng ñe
one-piece rim designation = on-the-road charges n. extra
coded description of a one-piece charges, in addition to the list
wheel rim: Thoâng soá vaønh baùnh price of a new car, to cover
xe lieàn delivery, numberplates and road
(NOTE: opposite is multi-piece fund licence (tax disc): Phí löu
rim) haønh
one-piece wheel n. wheel with a opacimeter n. instrument for
rim constructed in one piece measuring the content of
incorporating a well formation at particulate suspended in a fluid:

tô
or near its centre to enable the

ô
Duïng cuï ño ñoä ñuïc cuûa chaát loûng

ện
type beads to be mounted over the open coil or open element glow plug
rim flanges: Baùnh xe lieàn khoái đi n. = WIRE GLOW PLUG:
o
tạ
(NOTE: opposite is multi-piece Bougie xoâng coù daây sinh nhieät
ào

wheel) ñeå hôû

-Đ

one-way clutch n. mechanical clutch open-ended spanner n. spanner

ng

which transmits power in one with open jaws: Chìa khoaù mieäng
ườ

direction of rotation only; when opening cam/rocker n. with

Tr

torque is not applied, the driven desmodromic engines, the

n

member rotates freely; used in cam/rocker responsible for

vă

automatic gearboxes and the old opening the inlet or exhaust

Lê

freewheel : Ly hôïp moät chieàu valve: Cam/coø hôû

one-way valve n. = CHECK
VALVE: Van moät chieàu
on-line a. state in which a piece of
equipment or subsystem is directly
connected with or incorporated
into the main system: Söï noái tröïc
tieáp
on-line painting = painting of
components within the actual
painting line: Söï sôn treân daây
chuyeàn
on-the-car balancing n. balancing the
wheel whilst it is still attached to
the car: Caân baèng baùnh xe khoâng
thaùo baùnh
open-loop n. without feedback from
e.g. oxygen-sensor control
systems: Chu trình hôû (khoâng
kheùp kín).
open-loop catalytic converter
= present converter which does
not use an oxygen-sensor control
system and thus operates without
feedback: Boä xuùc taùc chu trình
hôû (khoâng coù caûm bieán oxy)
(NOTE: opposite is computer-
controlled catalytic converter)
opera light n. US decorated
courtesy light mounted on the
central pillar: Ñeøn trang trí

237
operating costs
operating costs n. the costs of
running a car: Chi phí vaän haønh
operating piston n. (automatic
gearbox) piston which cause its
respective clutch(es), band or
multi-disc brakes to be applied by
converting fluid pressure into
mechanical force and movement:
Pittoâng trong maïch daàu thuyû löïc
(hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
opposite lock n. turning the steering
wheel in the opposite direction to
that of the oversteer; i.e. turning
the wheel to the left if the result
of going round a right-hand bend
too fast has caused the rear end of
the car to skid: Söï tröôït ñuoâi xe
khi ñaùnh voøng ngöôïc tay laùi
o
tạ
optical check n. either a (less
ào
thorough) visual inspection or an
-Đ
examination by means of optical
ng
instruments: Kieåm tra chi tieát
ườ
baèng caùc thieát bò quang hoïc.
Tr
optimize n. to set at the best
n
possible value: Toái öu hoaù.
vă
optional equipment n. those parts
Lê
and systems of a vehicle which
are not supplied as standard
equipment by the manufacturer,
i.e they are not included in the
price for a given model: Trang
thieát bò choïn theâm
(NOTE: opposite is standard
equipment)
OPUS = OSCILLATING PICK-UP
IGNITION SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa caûm bieán ñieän töø.
orange peel effect n. (paint fault)
uneven formation on a film
surface, similar to that of an
orange skin: Lôùp sôn loãi gioáng beà
maët voû quaû cam
238
O-ring
orbital sander n. flat, cushioned
plate covered with abrasive paper,
rotated with an elliptical motion
by an electric motor and used for
fine sanding work : Duïng cuï maøi
baèng giaáy nhaùm
organic n. of chemical compounds,
based on carbon chains or rings
and containing hydrogen with or
without oxygen, nitrogen, or other
elements: Chaát höõu cô
(NOTE: opposite is inorganic)
orientation n. tendency of plastic
molecules if stretched, to align
themselves in the direction of the
tô
stress: Söï ñònh höôùng cuûa caùc
ô
ện
phaân töû nhöïa khi bò keùo.
đi
original condition n. description of
the condition of a car; the car is in
the state in which it left the
factory; it may be worn but has
neither been resprayed nor
reupholstered nor has extensive
welding been carried out or
modern accessories fitted to
change its standard specifications:
Tình traïng ban ñaàu (cuûa xe).
original equipment (OE) n. part
used in the manufacture of the
vehicle, rather than those added
afterwards: Trang thieát bò goác
(duøng ôû nôi saûn xuaát xe)
O-ring n. annular seal, of round or
rectangular cross section and
almost any diameter; made of
rubber, neoprene, etc. , or of soft
metal, such as copper: Voøng ñeäm
hình O (moät loaïi voøng ñeäm cao
su hình chöõ O ñöôïc gaén ôû raõnh
chung quanh ñaàu truïc vaø trong
voû boïc truïc ñeå laøm kín, khoâng
cho daàu (nhôùt) chaûy ra)
oscilloscope outlet valve

o/s = OFFSIDE outer envelope n. (of gas

oscillating pick-up ignition system discharge lamps) bulb which
(OPUS) n. ignition system where protects and supports the arc tube;
the contact breaker and cam are either filled with gas or evacuated
replaced by a timing rotor, a pick- to avoid oxidation of the arc tube:
up module, and an amplifier Voû boùng cao aùp.
module: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa caûm outer headlight: Ñeøn pha phía
bieán ñieän töø. ngoaøi
oscilloscope n. electronic outer terminal n. electrode on
measurement device used to the inside of the distributor cap,
display waveforms or traces of one outer terminal being assigned
signals: Dao ñoäng kyù, maùy hieän to each sparking plug; the
soùng distributor rotor distributes the
otg = OUTDOOR or OUTSIDE firing voltage from the central
TEMPERATURE GAUGE: Duïng electrode to the outer terminals:

tô
Ñieän cöïc bìa

ô
cuï ño nhieät ñoä ngoaøi trôøi

ện
Otto cycle n. another name for the (NOTE: opposite is centre
four-stroke cycle, name after the đi electrode)
o
tạ
German engine Dr. Nikolaus Otto outer tower n. socket on the
ào

(1832-1891) who first patented the distributor cap corresponding to

-Đ

design in 1876: Chu kyø Otto the outer terminal, one per
ng

(Chu kyø 4 thì: huùt, eùp, noå, xaû cuûa cylinder, to connect the sparking
ườ

ñoäng cô, do nhaø saùng cheá Dr. plug leads: Loã treân naép delco ñeå
Tr

Nikolaus Otto, aùp duïng cho ñoäng caém daây phin

n

cô ñoát trong) outer wrap n. (catalytic

vă

outboard a. away from the centre converter) surrounds the converter

Lê

of the vehicle: Xa taâm xe shell, serves as a retainer and

outdoor or outside temperature provides mechanical protection
gauge (otg) n. gauge which for the insulation: Voû boä xuùc taùc.
indicates the ambient air outlet n. (a) (of 4-stroke engine) =
temperature outside the vehicle: EXHAUST PORT: Cöûa thaûi, oáng
Duïng cuï ño nhieät ñoä ngoaøi trôøi thaûi
outer dead centre see (b) last pipe of an exhaust system;
BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE: tailpipe: OÁng boâ
Ñieåm cheát döôùi outlet pipe n. pump discharge
outer diameter (OD) n. pipe: OÁng ra cuû bôm.
external diameter of a cylinder or outlet side = that side of the
tube: Ñöôøng kính ngoaøi pump or pumping system on which
outer electrode n. (a) = the liquid pumped leaves the
OUTER TERMINAL: Cöïc ngoaøi pump or system: Beân xaû
(b) = EARTH ELECTRODE: (NOTE: opposite is suction side)
Ñieän cöïc bìa outlet valve n. (a) =

239
outline overhead camshaft

EXHAUST VALVE: Suù paùp thaûi revolutions, producing road speed

(b) = DISCHARGE VALVE:
Van thoaùt
outline v. to mould plastic material
around something: Phuû nhöïa
out of round a. not circular: Khoâng
troøn
out of true a. inaccurately
made or incorrectly adjusted, e.g.
of a wheel with side –to-side
deviation or wobble: Laép sai,
chænh sai
out of tune a. poorly tuned:
Hieäu chænh sai
as a ratio of engine speed
(sometimes expressed as mph per
1000 rpm): Tæ soá truyeàn ñoäng (tæ
soá giöõa toác ñoä ñoäng cô vaø toác ñoä
baùnh xe) toaøn phaàn (toác ñoä ñoäng
cô / toác ñoä baùnh xe)
overdrive n. (a) transmission speed
which can be selected manually
and gives a ratio of less than 1:1,
i.e. the transmission output shaft
turns faster than the transmission
input shaft: Truïc ra hoäp soá quay
nhanh hôn truïc vaøo.
(b) separate transmission installed

tô
output speed n. speed of the
in the (rear) drive train giving an

ô
transmission output shaft which is

ện
transmitted to the driven wheels overdrive reduction to direct or
via the final drive; as the final đi direct and intermediate gears;
o
tạ
drive provides a constant gear usually selected electro-
ào

ratio, output speed is proportional mechanically by means of a

-Đ

to vehicle road speed: Toác ñoä button or switch located either in

the instrument panel or at the gear
ng

truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá

ườ

outrigger n. a short angle or box lever: Soá OD

Tr

section member that runs across overflow hose/pipe n. pipe to drain

n

part of the car: Thanh ñôõ, giaù ñôõ off excess fluid, e.g. between the
vă

outside caliper n. machinists’ radiator and the coolant reserve

Lê

caliper used to check outside tank, or in the float chamber if the

dimensions: Compa ño ngoaøi specified fuel level is substantially
outside spring caliper = exceeded due to a leaking needle
outside caliper with spring for valve: OÁng thoaùt, oáng xaû, oáng
accurate setting: Compa ño ngoaøi traøn
coù loø xo giöõ overhang n. distance between the
outside diameter n. the outermost front or rear point of a
external diameter of a cylinder or vehicle and the wheel centres of
tube: Ñöôøng kính ngoaøi the respective axle: Khoaûng caùch
oval piston n. special piston töø taâm baùnh xe ñeán caûn tröôùc
developed by Honda, able to hoaëc caûn sau.
accommodate eight valves and overhaul v. to repair and restore to
two sparking plugs: Pít toâng hình (near) original condition: Ñaïi tu
baàu duïc overhead camshaft (OC, OHC) n.
overall gear ratio n. ratio of engine type of camshaft situated over the
revolutions to road wheel valves (rather than in the side of

240
 overhead valve (OHV) engine
the engine): Truïc cam treân naép
maùy
overhead valve (OHV) engine n.
four-stroke engine with the intake
and exhaust poppet valves located
in the cylinder head and not at the
side of the cylinder as in a side-
valve engine; the valve stems are
either at an angle or parallel and
the valve discs face the piston,
valve actuation pushrod and swing
arm: Ñoäng cô coù suùpap treân naép
maùy
(NOTE: US English is I-head)
overheat v. to make or become too
hot: Laøm quaù nhieät, quaù noùng
overinflated tyre n. tyre which has
too much air in it, causing
o
tạ
premature wear in the tread
ào
centre: Loáp xe bôm quaù ñaày
-Đ
khoâng khí (caêng)
ng
(NOTE: opposite is underinflated
ườ
tyre)
Tr
overlap n. = VALVE OVERLAP:
n
Goùc truøng ñieäp cuûa suù paùp.
vă
overlay n. upper layer of a plain
Lê
bearing insert: Lôùp voû ngoaøi cuûa
oå bi.
overload spring n. (chassis) spring
which acts only under heavy load;
prevents bottoming: Loø xo chòu
taûi
overrev v. to run engine above the
maximum recommended rpm:
Chaïy quaù voøng quay toái ña cho
pheùp (ñoäng cô)
overrun (a) n.& v. a vehicle travelling
with no throttle and the engine
acting as a brake is said to be ‘on
the overrun’ or ‘overrunning’: Söï
chaïy theo trôùn
(b) v. (of a towed vehicle) to travel
241
overspray
faster than the towing vehicle: Xe
bò keùo chaïy theo trôùn nhanh hôn
xe keùo
overrun control valve n. valve in a
crossover pipe between the
compressor suction and discharge
sides of some turbocharger
systems: Van kieåm soaùt vöôït toác
cuûa boä taêng aùp.
overrun cut-off/ shut-off n. =
DECELERATION FUEL CUT-
OFF: Söï caét nhieân lieäu khi giaûm
toác
overrunning clutch n. (a) part
of a starter motor designed to
tô
avoid armature damage caused by
ô
ện
severe overrevving: Ly hôïp tröôït
đi trong maùy khôûi ñoäng
(b) = ONE-WAY CLUTCH (in
automatic transmission) device
that disengages the engine on
overrun: Boä ly hôïp moät chieàu
trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng.
overrunning clutch starter n.
= PRE-ENGAGED STARTER:
Maùy khôûi ñoäng vôùi ly hôïp moät
chieàu
oversize piston n. piston with a
diameter slightly larger than that
of the standard piston, used in
order to allow for honing of the
cylinder walls: Pít-toâng cho xy
lanh leân coát.
oversize valve guides n. valve
guide with a slightly larger outside
diameter than the standard valve
guide, used to repair worn valve
guides after their bores have been
reamed: OÁng keàm suù paùp coù kích
thöôùc lôùn ñeå thay oáng keàm suù
paùp bò moøn.
overspray n. Undesirable spray
 over square engine
residues on adjacent panels and
car parts beyond the resprayed
area (countered by careful
masking): Lôùp sôn lan sang choã
khaùc
over square engine n. Engine where
the bore size is lager than the
stroke: Ñoäng cô coù ñöôøng kính
piston lôùn hôn haønh trình.
oversteer 1 v. (of a vehicle) to turn
more sharply than the driver
intends (possibly causing the rear
of the vehicle to slide wide):
Quay voøng thöøa
2 n. action of oversteering: Söï
quay voøng thöøa
(NOTE: opposite is understeer)
overtake v. To pass another vehicle
o
tạ
going in the same direction: Vöôït
ào
overthin v. To add too much thinner
-Đ
to paint: Cho quaù nhieàu xaêng
ng
thôm khi pha loaõng sôn.
ườ
owner n. Somebody who actually
Tr
owns something, i. e. has the title
n
of property: Chuû nhaân
vă
owner’s handbook = booklet
Lê
provided with a new car which
briefly describes the position and
operation of the various
instrument and switches, as well
as technical specifications and
some maintenance information:
Saùch höôùng daãn ngöôøi söû duïng.
oxalic acid n. Acid used as an
electrolyte for anodising: Axít
oxalic
oxidation n. Chemical reaction
which increases the oxygen
content of a compound or in which
a compound or radical loses
electrons, i.e. In which the
positive valence is increased: Söï
242
oxygen corrosion
oxy hoùa, quaù trình oâxi hoùa
oxide n. chemical compound of
oxygen with another element:
OÂxit
oxides of nitrogen =
NITROGEN OXIDES: Oxit nitô
(hoùa hoïc)
oxidize v. to (cause to)
combine with oxygen: Laøm oâxi
hoùa
oxidizer or oxidizing agent =
compound which gives up oxygen
easily, removes hydrogen from
another compound, or attracts
electrons: Taùc nhaân oâxi hoùa
tô
ô
oxidizing catalyst = catalyst
ện
which decreases CO and HC
đi levels using excess air: Chaát xuùc
taùc ñeå oâxi hoùa CO vaø HC trong
khí thaûi
oxidizing converter =
converter with a conventional
oxidation catalyst that needs a
secondary air supply to convert
hydrocarbons and carbon
monoxide and water; does not
control NOx emissions: Boä hoaù
khöû coù bôm khí
oxyacetylene welding n. = gas
welding: Haøn hôi (oâxi –
axeâtylen)
oxygen (O) n. Gaseous element
essential for life and the
combustion of fuel: Khí oâxi, kyù
hieäu laø O
oxygenates n. oxygen-
enriched fuels or anti-knock
additives: Phuï gia vaøo nhieân lieäu
ñeå choáng kích noå.
oxygen corrosion n. electro-
chemical corrosion caused by
neutral or alkaline electrolytes in
oxygen sensor ozone

which, during the cathodic coolant temperature signal to the

reaction, oxygen is reduced to
hydroxide: Söï aên moøn do oâxi
oxygen sensor n. sensor which
measures the amount of oxygen
remaining in the exhaust gases:
Caûm bieán oâxi
(NOTE: usually called a lambda
sensor)
oxygen sensor system thermo-switch
n. (fuel injection) usually located
in a coolant hose, provides a
ECM: Coâng taéc nhieät ñoä nöôùc
oxyhydrogen gas n. Highly explosive
mixture of oxygen and hydrogen,
generated during charging of lead-
acid batteries: Hoãn hôïp khí oâxi
vaø hydro sinh ra khi naïp aéc quy.
ozone n. Strong oxidizing agent (often
produced by sparking from
electrical apparatus, such as arc
welding equipment); particularly
harmful to tyres.: Khí oâzoân

tô
ô
ện
đi
o
tạ
ào
-Đ
ng
ườ
Tr
n
vă
Lê

243
P paintwork
Pp
P (a) (gear selector) = PARK: Tay soá
P (ñaäu) (hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (150km/h or
95mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ toác
ñoä toái ña 150km/h.
p/a (short for) POWER-ASSISTED:
Trôï löïc
packed glandn.(pump) Cylindrical
recess that accommodates a
number of rings of packing around
the shaft or shaft sleeve: Raõnh ñaët
baïc treân truïc (bôm)
(NOTE: also called stuffing box)
o
pad (short for) BRAKE PAD: Maù
tạ
phanh.
ào
-Đ
pad retainer (pin) n. pin which
locates the brake pad in a disc
ng
brake: Choát giöõ maù phanh
ườ
(phanh).
Tr
pagoda (-style) roof n. unusual roof
n
vă
design, introduced on the
Lê
Mercedes-Benz SL Hardtop,
which was slightly lower in the
centre than at the sides: Mui xe
kieåu thaùp.
paint 1 n. any pigmented liquid,
liquefiable, or mastic composition
designed for application to a
substrate on a thin layer which is
converted to a solid film after
application: Sôn
2 v. In an automotive context,
painting usually means spray
painting: Phun sôn
paint booth n. closed section in
a painting line in which coats of
paint are applied: Phoøng sôn.
244
paint chip book n. = COLOUR
CHART: Bieåu ñoà maøu (sôn)
paint colour matching n.
determining the correct paint
shade with the aid of colour charts
and special mixing devices and, in
difficult cases, via spectral
analysis: Söï choïn maøu sôn cho
phuø hôïp khi sôn daëm.
painting line n. route taken (and
processes undergone) by the
bodywork of a newly
tô
manufactured vehicle on its way
ô
through the paint shop: Daây
ện
chuyeàn sôn
đi
painting robot n. robot used for
paint application: Ngöôøi maùy ñöôïc
duøng cho vieäc sôn.
paint refinishing n. the
various steps involved in
repainting a secondhand car: Caùc
böôùc khi sôn laïi xe cuõõ.
paint shop n. (a) production stage in
an automobile manufacturing plant
during which the bodywork is
treated with paint: Phaân xöôûng
sôn
(b) separate paint repair shop,
usually near a body repair shop
(i.e. for damaged vehicles):
Phoøng sôn
paint stripper n. liquid paint
remover: Thieát bò, dung moâi caïo
boû sôn
paint system n. the sum of all
coats of paint on a work: Caùc lôùp
sôn
paintwork n. overall result of
painting; the paint coating or
PAIR system
finish: Sôn
PAIR system n. = PULSE AIR
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng duøng rung
ñoäng khí thaûi ñeå naïp khoâng khí
vaøo ñöôøng thaûi
palladium n. white, ductile, malleable,
noble metal of the platinum
family; atomic number 46, atomic
weight 106.4: resembles platinum
and together with other platinum
metals is used as a catalyst in
automotive exhaust converters:
Palañi (hoùa hoïc)
pane n. sheet of a window glass:
Taám kính.
panel n. (a) part made from sheet
metal; e.g. door panel: Baûng, taám
(theùp)
o
tạ
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
ào
trim of doors: Khung nhöïa
-Đ
panel beater n. (a) person
ng
who beats out the dented
ườ
bodywork of a damaged vehicle
Tr
(b) = PANEL HAMMER: Thôï
n
ñoàng.
vă
panel beating n. beating out the
Lê
dents in damaged bodywork: Goø
thuøng xe.
panel bonding n. new repair
process using a special adhesive to
glue body panels in place instead
of spot-welding them: Phöông
phaùp môùi söûa thuøng xe baèng
duøng chaát keo ñaët bieät ñeå daùn.
panel cutter n. air-operated tool
used to cut out old panels: Maùy
caét khung cuõ (laøm ñoàng)
panel flanger n. = JOGGLER:
Maùy gaáp taám.
panel hammer n. special
hammer for metalworking that has
two differently-shaped heads for
245
panoramic windscreen
different purpose, e.g. cross-peen
and shrinking hammer: Buùa goø
thaân xe
panelling n. (a) a combination
of separate sheet metal panels to
form a complete assembly, e.g. the
outer panels of the body or even
the panels surrounding the engine:
Toå hôïp khung voû xe.
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhöïa (gaén
tableau)
panel picking n. straightening
very fine indentations or marks of
very small diameter on a panel
tô
surface with a pick hammer: Goø
ô
ện
tinh
đi
panel puller n. tool with slide
hammer and hook or self-threading
screw tip to pull dented doors,
wings and other sheet metal panels
back into place: Duïng cuïï keùo
khung voû.
(NOTE: US English is knocker)
Panhard rod n. transversely mounted
bar between a beam axle and the
vehicle body as a lateral location
of the axle: Thanh xoaén
Panhard.
Panhard rod mounting box =
box section used to mount the
Panhard rod of the rear axle: Giaù
laép thanh xoaén Panhard.
panoramic windscreen n. a
windscreen style popular in the
1950s and’60s that featured
recessed screen pillars, giving a
wide, unobstructed view of the
road; entry for the front passengers
was awkward, since the screen
pillar corners projected into the
door opening: Kính xe nhìn ñöôïc
pantechnicon park brake

bao quaùt. Söï moøn ñeàu ñóa phanh

pantechnicon n. large van or lorry, parallel key n. = FEATHER
especially one for moving KEY: Chìa khoùa mieäng
furniture: Xe vaän taûi lôùn ñeå parallelogram steering
chuyeân chôû ñoà goã. (system) n. steering system with a
parabolic reflector n. old headlight drop arm and idler arm: Heä thoáng
reflector in the shape of a laùi hình bình haønh .
parabola, now replaced by parallelogram suspension n. =
ellipsoidal reflectors: Göông phaûn DOUBLE WISHBONE
xaï ñeøn pha coù daïng paraboân SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
parabolic spring n. leaf spring hình bình haønh.
tapered in the shape of a parabola: parallel trailing link
Laù nhíp daïng ñöôøng paraboân suspension n. front suspension
paraffin n. in automotive layout used primarily by
applications, used as a solvent for Volkswagen on rear-engined cars:

tô
ô
removing grease: Daàu löûa Heä thoáng treo tröôùc vôùi caùc ñoøn

ện
(NOTE: US English is kerosene) keùo song song.
parallel 1 a. the same distance apart đi
parallel twin n. type of engine usually
o
tạ
at every point: Song song found on traditional British two-
ào

2 n. two or more electrical cylinder motorcycles: loaïi ñoäng cô

-Đ

components each receiving the hai xy lanh cuûa Anh duøng cho xe
ng

same voltage: Thieát bò ñieän maéc gaén maùy.

ườ

song song . parallel valves n. inlet and exhaust

Tr

3 v. to connect in parallel: Noái valves with parallel valves stems:

n
vă

song song Caùc suù paùp ñaët song song (huùt vaø
parallel action locking pliers
Lê

n. locking pliers with parallel
action jaws, e.g. for pinching off
hoses when servicing cooling
systems: Kìm khoùa mieäng song
song.
parallel circuit n. electric
circuit in which the individual
components are connected
between two points, with one of
the two ends of each component
connected to each point;
arrangement used in the vehicle
electrical system: Maïch ñieän song
song
parallelism n. (of brake discs)
same thickness all the way round:
thaûi)
parent panel n. the panel left in
place on the car to which a new
panel is welded after all the rusted
metal has been cut out: Phaàn coøn
laïi cuûa khung muïc khi laøm ñoàng.
park (P) 1 n. one of the positions of
the gear selector for an automatic
gearbox; when engaged (after the
vehicle has come to a complete
standstill) the driving wheels are
locked: Tay soá ñaäu.
2 v. to leave a vehicle in a
particular place: Ñoã xe.
parking brake n. mechanically
operated brake that is independent
of the foot-operated service brakes

246
parking brake console
on the vehicle; set when the
vehicle is parked, usually by hand
(handbrake) but sometimes by foot
on some American cars: Phanh
(phanh) tay.
parking brake console =
reinforcing member incorporated
in the centre tunnel area of the
floorpan to provide the mounting
support for the handbrake: Giaù ñôõ
caàn keùo phanh tay.
parking brake lever = (inside
drum brake) lever which spreads
the brake shoes outward; the long
end is connected to the parking
brake shoe and to a push bar which
acts on the other shoe : Caàn ñaåy
guoác phanh.
o
tạ
parking brake lever strut =
ào
push bar between the shoes in a
-Đ
drum brake: Thanh ñaåy guoác
ng
phanh.
ườ
parking brake pedal = foot-
Tr
operated pedal for the parking
n
brake: Baøn ñaïp phanh tay.
vă
parking disc n. marker
Lê
displayed on the inside of a parked
car showing time of arrival (of
latest permitted time of departure):
Baûng thoâng baùo thôøi gian ñoã xe.
parking heater n. air heating system
which operates independently of
the engine: Heä thoáng söôûi noùng
hoaït ñoäng ñoäc laäp vôùi ñoäng cô.
parking interlock n. =
PARKING LOCK: Cô caáu khoùa ôû
tay soá ñaäu
parking light/ lamp n. energy-
saving vehicle illumination mode
for longterm roadside parking;
includes only one front sidelight
and one taillight; the parking light
247
particulate emission limit
can be switched to illuminate the
LH or RH side: Ñeøn ñoã xe.
parking lock (PL) n. block gear
and pawl that lock the transmission
mechanically: Cô caáu khoùa ôû tay
soá ñaäu.
parking lot n. US (ground level,
outdoor) car park: Baõi ñaäu xe.
parking meter n. coin-operated
timing device that indicates how
long a vehicle may legally remain
parked: Thieát bò baùo thôøi gian coù
theå ñoã xe.
parking space n. parking place
reserved for a particular vehicle:
tô
ô
Nôi ñoã parking ticket n. written
ện
fine for a parking offence: Phieáu
đi phaït ñoã xe khoâng ñuùng choã.
park/ neutral safety switch n.
= STARTER INHIBITOR
SWITCH: Coâng taéc an toaøn.
part n. component: Thaønh phaàn,
phaàn, phuï tuøng.
partial flow filter n. = BYPASS
FILTER: Boä loïc maïch reõ.
partial respray n. respraying
part of the bodywork: Söï sôn laïi
moät phaàn thaân xe.
(NOTE: opposite is full or
complete respray)
particulate catalyst n. pellet
catalyst: chaát xuùc taùc daïng haït.
particulate emission n.
emission of solid particles of
carbon and unburnt hydrocarbons
from the exhaust system: Haït
muoäi than trong khí thaûi.
particulate emission limit =
weight of particulate emissions in
the exhaust of diesel engines,
specified in grams per mile: Söï
giôùi haïn löôïng haït muoäi
particulate ignition temperature
than trong khí thaûi.
particulate ignition
temperature n. in diesel
filtration tests, the exhaust gas
temperature at which there is an
equilibrium between particulate
burn-off and deposit build-up:
Nhieät ñoä cuûa khí thaûi giöõa ñieåm
töï laøm saïch vaø ñieåm keát muoäi.
particulate matter (PM)
particulates n. suspended solids
of carbon and unburnt
hydrocarbons from the exhaust
system: Than ñoùng laïi treân poâ
part-load operation n. operation of
systems and components under
conditions below full load: Söï
hoaït ñoäng vôùi moät phaàn taûi.
part out v. US to break up for spares:
Raõ xe laáy phuï tuøng
-Đ
part panel n. = PATCH PANEL:
ng
Mieáng ñaép (laøm ñoàng)
ườ
parts catalogue n. catalogue listing
Tr
available spare parts: Danh muïc
n
phuï tuøng.
vă
part(s) number (p/n, PN) n.
Lê
reference number attributed to
particular part: Maõ soá phuï tuøng
part-throttle operation n. driving
without using full throttle: chaïy
vôùi caùnh böôùm ga môû moät phaàn.
part-time four-wheel drive
manually selectable four-wheel
drive: Choïn daãn ñoäng boán baùnh
baèng tay.
pas = POWER-ASSISTED
STEERING: Heä thoáng laùi coù trôï
löïc
pascal (Pa) n. SI measurement of
pressure (= ten newton per square
centimeter): Ñôn vò ño aùp suaát
pass v. to overtake: Vöôït
patch panel
passenger car n. (usually) four-
wheeled motor car powered by an
IC engine and designed for
passengers: Xe du lòch, xe con
passenger car wheel =
generally one-piece wheels made
of sheet steel (rim and disc are
welded together) or light-alloy
(cast or forged alloy wheels), and
or designed for tubeless tyres: Baùnh
xe lieàn khoái.
passenger compartment or
passenger cell n. part of the car
in which the driver and passengers
sit: Khoang haønh khaùch.
tô
passenger-side air bag n. an
ô
ện
air bag restraint system designed
đi to protect the front passenger;
o
tạ
introduced on some cars in the
ào
early 1990s, it usually occupies the
space normally provided for a
glove compartment: Tuùi khí daønh
cho haønh khaùch.
passivate v. to reduce the reactivity of
a chemically active metal surface
by electrochemical polarization or
by immersion in a passivating
solution: Laøm thuï ñoäng hoùa, laøm
chaäm phaûn öùng (aên moøn).
passive safety n. features designed
to alleviate the consequences of a
n. crash, such as air bags, collapsible
steering column, head restraints,
toughened windscreen, etc.: Söï
an toaøn thuï ñoäng.
(NOTE: opposite is active safety)
patching n. repair method for
welding up local corrosion damage
by using smaller panels made up
from sheet metal: Söï ñaép vaù (haøn
thaân xe)
patch panel n. small sheet
248
pattern panel
metal panel that is usually made
up specially to repair minor rust
holes: Mieáng vaù, taám raùp noái.
pattern panel n. body panel made by
somebody other than the original
manufacturer, usually for repair
purposes; this also includes panels
remanufactured after the spare
parts supplies from the factory
have been discontinued: Taám
thuøng xe töï goø.
pawl n. (a) an arm pivoted so that its
free end can fit into a notch, slot,
or groove at certain times in order
to hold a part stationary (b) catch
at the bottom of a lever which
connects with a toothed rack to
hold the lever in position (e.g. with
o
tạ
a handbrake lever or in ratchets):
ào
Moùc gaøi, con coùc,choát chaën.
-Đ
payload n. the revenue-earning
ng
cargo of a commercial vehicle or
ườ
the weight of the cargo: Troïng
Tr
taûi.
n
pb = POWER BRAKES: Trôï löïc
vă
phanh (phanh).
Lê
PC = PITCH CIRCLE,
POLYCARBONATE
pcb = PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD:
Baûng maïch in.
PCD = PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER
PCI = PROGRAMME
COMPARISON AND
IDENTIFICATION: Chöông trình
so saùnh vaø nhaän daïng.
PCV = POSITIVE CRANKCASE
VENTILATION: Thoâng khí hoäp
caùc te.
PCV valve = usually located on the
cylinder head cover, this valve
allows a certain amount of
crankcase blow-by gases to be
249
peen hammer
metered into the intake system for
burning: Van thoâng khí hoäp caùc
te.
PE = POLYETHYLENE,
POLYELLIP-SOIDAL
peak power n. point of maximum
torque: Mo ment cöïc ñaïi.
peak revs n. point of
maximum engine speed: Soá voøng
quay toái ña.
peaky a. (of an engine) only
able to deliver useful power at
high revs, necessitating frequent
gearchanges: Xe chaïy ôû toác ñoä
quaù cao caàn thieát phaûi chuyeån soá
tô
ô
pedal n. foot-operated lever: Baøn
ện
ñaïp.
đi pedal clearance = the distance
between the pedal and the floor,
when the pedal is fully depressed;
reference points may vary:
Khoaûng hôû baøn ñaïp.
pedal free play = the distance a
pedal moves until a slight
resistance is felt / pedal pulsation
= vibration of the brake pedal
when depressed, caused by a
defective disc or drum (or when
ABS is activated): Söï rung ñoäng
cuûa baøn ñaïp (phanh ABS).
pedals = the accelerator pedal,
brake pedal and clutch pedal: Caùc
baøn ñaïp.
pedal travel = the total stroke
of a pedal: Haønh trình töï do cuûa
baøn ñaïp.
peen n. ball-shaped, or narrow wedge-
shaped end of a hammer head
opposite the flattened striking
face: Ñaàu muõi buùa.
peen hammer = body hammer with
peening permanent magnet

a peen of triangular section with a performance n. (a) the general way a

fairly sharply shaped end: Buùa ñaàu car (or any other machine or
tam giaùc. material handles: tính naêng xe
peening n. flattening or (b) specifically, a car’s
shaping with a peen hammer: Söï acceleration and top speed: Ñaëc
goø baèng buùa. tính gia toác vaø soá voøng quay cöïc
PE headlight n. headlight with a gas ñaïi.
discharge lamp and a performance characteristics of
polyellipsoidal reflector: ñeøn ñaàu materials n. specific values for
vôùi boùng cao aùp vaø choaù hình materials, obtained by standard
polyellipsoid test methods and available for the
pein n. = PEEN: Ñaàu muõi buùa selection of appropriate materials:
pellet-type catalytic converter n. Ñaëc ñieåm, ñaëc tính cuûa vaät lieäu.
the first type of automotive performance handling system
catalytic converter, introduced in n. typically consists of front and

tô
ô
the USA in 1975: Boä xuùc taùc loaïi rear anti-roll bars, nitrogen-filled

ện
haït. gas shock absorbers, special
pencil-type glow plug n. = đi springs: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån tính
o
tạ
SHEATHED-TYPE GLOW naêng xe.
ào

PLUG: Bougie xoâng maùy loaïi performance tuning n. efforts

-Đ

oáng. to improve vehicle performance in

ng

pendulum impact test n. the standard particular, such as upgraded

ườ

test methods are the Izod and suspension, higher engine output
Tr

Charpy test; the specimens have a and/ or torque, or drag-reducing

n

standard notch machined in them, measures, such as the addition of

vă

and the impact energy absorbed in spoilers: Söï ñieàu chænh ñeå caûi
Lê

breaking the specimen is recorded: thieän tính naêng xe.

Söï kieåm tra ñoä cöùng baèng con perimeter frame n. type of frame
laéc. widely used for American car that
penetrating oil n. thin oil used to incorporates separate frames; the
loosen corroded parts: Daàu nôùi side and crossmembers form a
loûng nhöõng phaàn bò aên moøn. border that surrounds the
pent crown piston n. piston design passenger compartment: Söôøn xe
with a sloping, pent-roof shaped daïng uoán troøn.
piston crown to improve the flow permanent four-wheel drive n.
of the fuel/ air mixture and to permanently engaged four-wheel
increase engine compression: drive (with lockable or limited-slip
Piston ñaàu vaùt nghieâng. differentials): Söï daãn ñoäng boán
pent-roof combustion chamber baùnh thöôøng xuyeân.
n. combustion chamber whose top permanent magnet n.
is angled like a roof: Buoàng chaùy magnetic material such as
kieåu vaùt nghieâng. hardened steel that has been

250
personal (ized) numberplate
strongly magnetized and retains its
magnetism indefinitely; used in
electric machines: Nam chaâm
vónh cöûu.
personal (ized) numberplate n.
numberplate chosen (at a cost) by
a vehicle’s owner, rather than one
allocated by the authorities (in the
UK, the DVLA): Baûng soá do chuû
xe choïn soá (ñeïp)
Perspex see POLYMETHYL
METHACRYLATE: Kính
Perspex deûo.
petroil lubrication n. a lubrication
method for two-stroke engines
where the oil is added to the fuel
and lubricates the moving engine
parts as the air/ fuel mixture
o
tạ
passes through the crankcase: Söï
ào
boâi trôn baèng xaêng pha nhôùt.
-Đ
petrol n. liquid blend of
ng
hydrocarbons refined from
ườ
petroleum, used as a fuel for SI
Tr
engines: xaêng
n
(NOTE: US English is gasoline or
vă
gas)
Lê
petrol engine = spark ignition
engine, using petrol as a fuel:
Ñoäng cô xaêng
petroleum n. the crude oil
from which petrol, lubricating oil,
and other such products are
refined: Daàu thoâ
petroleum jelly = whitish
jelly-like substance obtained from
petroleum, used as a lubricant and
as a protection against corrosion:
Môõ boâi trôn (môõ boø)
petrol pump n. pump which
dispenses petrol at a filling station:
Bôm xaêng ôû traïm baùn xaêng
(NOTE: US English is gas pump)
251
pH value
petrol station n. filling station:
Traïm xaêng daàu, caây xaêng
(NOTE: US English is gas station)
petrol tanker n. specially
equipped lorry for transporting
petrol/ fuel: Xe boàn chôû xaêng
daàu.
PFI = PORT FUEL INJECTION:
Phun xaêng ña ñieåm
phase-locked loop circuitry see PLL
CIRCUITRY
Phillips screw n. proprietary type of
cross-head screw: Vít ñaàu raõnh
chöõ thaäp.
tô
Phillips screwdriver =
ô
proprietary type of cross-head
ện
screwdriver: Tua nô vít ñaàu chöõ
đi thaäp.
phosphate coating n. conversion
coating produced by phosphating:
Lôùp aùo (sôn) ngoaøi baèng
phoâtphat.
phosphate section = section in
a painting line in which phosphate
treatment is performed: Boä phaän
xöû lyù phoâtphat.
phosphate treatment =
treatment of metals with a
phosphating solution to produce a
phosphate conversion coating on
the surface: Söï xöû lyù photphat.
phosphating n. =
PHOSPHATE TREATMENT: Söï
xöû lyù photphat.
phosphating solution = solution
of phosphoric acid, often enriched
with zinc, used during the
bodywork production process for
cleaning and rust prevention:
Dung dòch photphat keõm (choáng
aên moøn)
pH value n. measure of the
pick and finishing hammer
concentration of hydrogen ions in a
solution, which shows how acid or
alkaline it is pH: Ñoä pH.
pick and finishing hammer n.
widely used type of body hammer
with a pointed end on one side and
a shallow domed end for finishing
on the other side: Buùa ñaàu nhoïn
vaø ñaàu voøm.
pick hammer = hammer with a round
head for conventional planishing
and a small pick-shaped head for
working away in sharp or tight
corners : Buùa ñaàu nhoïn.
( NOTE: not to be confused with a bullet-
point pick hammer, which has a more
blunt pick, nor with peen hammer)
pickling n. removal of oxide or mill
scale from the surface of a metal
o
tạ
by immersion, usually in an acidic
ào
or alkaline solution: laøm saïch gæ
-Đ
baèng caùch nhuùng vaøo dung dòch
ng
acid hoaëc bazô.
ườ
pickling attack = initial
Tr
chemical reaction between
n
vă
phosphating solutions and metal
Lê
surface in phosphate treatment:
Phaûn öùng cuûa dung dòch taåy vôùi
beà maët kim loaïi.
pick-up n. (a) transfer of material, as
between bearing and shaft, caused
by friction and heat due to lack of
oil; can lead to seizure: Söï dính 2
beà maët do thieáu boâi trôn.
(b) small truck with an open body
and low sides: Xe taûi nhoû, khoâng
mui, thaønh thaáp.
(NOTE: called a utility or
informally ute in Australia)
pick-up coil n. coil in which
voltage is induced in magnetic
pick-up assembly: Cuoän daây caûm
bieán ñieän töø.
252
pilot bearing
pick-up module = trigger-
activated device which sends a
signal to the ignition unit of an
electronic ignition system: Cuïm
caûm bieán ñieän töø.
pick-up pipe n. = OIL PICK-
UP (PIPE): OÁng daãn daàu.
pick-up screen = OIL PUMP
STRAINER: Loïc bôm daàu.
pick-up tool n. tool with a
flexible or rigid shaft and a claw
type pick-up end; used to retrieve
small objects from hard-to-reach
areas: Duïng cuï gaép vaät rôi.
pig iron n. produced in blast furnaces,
tô
ô
pig iron is the raw material for
ện
practically all iron and steel
đi products; contains about 3-5%
carbon: Gang
pigtail n. = WIRING PIGTAIL: Ñaàu
daây ñieän ngaén nhoâ ra töø thieát bò
ñieän
piling n. the build-up of metal on a
contact breaker point: söï dòch
chuyeån kim loaïi treân maët vít löûa
(NOTE: opposite is pitting)
pill n. jet in the fuel-return line
which establishes the mixture:
Giclô caân baèng hoãn hôïp treân
ñöôøng oáng hoài nhieân lieäu.
pillar n. post between the roof and
the waistline; from front to rear,
there are A-, B-, C-, and D-pillars:
Truï ñôõ, truï choáng.
pillar jack n. = TOWER
JACK: Con ñoäi hình thaùp, con
ñoäi cheát.
pillar light n. courtesy light
mounted on the central pillar: Ñeøn
truï cöûa.
pilot bearing n. US = SPIGOT
BEARING: OÅ loùt daãn höôùng.
pilot hole
pilot hole n. hole which acts as
a guide when drilling a larger hole
or for a self-tapping screw: Loã
daãn höôùng.
pilot jet n. jet in the idling
circuit of a fixed jet carburettor
which measures and a admits fuel:
Giclô caàm chöøng.
pilot shaft n. dummy shaft
which is used to align parts and is
removed before final assembly of
the parts: Truïc daãn höôùng.
pin n. bar used as a pivot or swivel
(e.g. kingpin, swivel pin) , or as a
fastener (e.g. cotter pin, dowel
pin): Choát, truïc.
pinging n. US = PINKING:Tieáng goõ.
pinholing n. tiny bubbles in the finish
that are often grouped together;
caused by trapped solvents,
-Đ
moisture or air released from the
ng
film: Loã nhoû treân lôùp sôn
ườ
pinion (gear) n. a gearwheel which
Tr
engages with a rack or larger
n
wheel and whose diameter is not
vă
much larger than the diameter of
Lê
its shaft or axle: Baùnh raêng nhoû
pinion shaft n. short drive
shaft in the rear axle connecting
the prop shaft to the crown wheel
via the final drive pinion: Truïc
baùnh raêng beân cuûa baùn truïc .
pinking or US pinging n. metallic,
pinging noise caused
detonation or partial detonation in
the combustion chamber of a
cylinder, usually due to low-
octane fuel or over-advanced
ignition: Tieáng goõ kích noå
pin punch n. tool with a parallel shaft
for use with a hammer to drive out
pins, shafts, rivets, etc.: Chæa baåy,
piping
xaø beng
pin slider caliper disc brake n. disc
brake design with a sliding caliper:
Boä keïp phanh (phanh) ñóa vôùi
choát tröôït.
pinstriping n. thin, precisely
contoured lines along certain body
features; they may extend along
the whole car and finish off in
elaborate, bouquet-like designs:
Ñöôøng vieàn thaân xe.
pinstriping tool = painting tool
used to apply thin, precise lines on
the body, e.g. on motorcycle tanks
and to enhance car body contours:
tô
Duïng cuï taïo ñöôøng vieàn.
ô
ện
pintaux nozzle n. pintle-type diesel
đi fuel injector nozzle with a hold in
o
tạ
the side through which a very
ào
small amount of fuel is sprayed
when the needle valve is partly
opened at low pressure, before the
main hole comes into use: Moät
daïng kim phun diesel
pintle n. (a) the needle of the
injection valve in a diesel fuel
injector: Van kim
(b) vertical bolt or pin in a towing
bracket, to which the towbar is
attached: Caùi choát, truïc keùo xe
pintle nozzle = injector nozzle
containing the pintle: Voøi phun
chöùa van kim.
by pipework n. system of pipes: Heä
thoáng oáng daãn
pipe wrench n. adjustable spanner
with serrated jaws: Moû leách
raêng.
piping n. (a) system of pipes: Heä
thoáng oáng daãn
(b) rubber or plastic strip inserted
between two removable panels,
253
piston
i.e. between a bolt-on wing and
the body, to cover up the joint and
to prevent water getting in; with
the piping inserted, only the round
bead along the upper edge of the
piping is visible: OÁng roong
piston n. the reciprocating element
in a reciprocating piston engine:
Piston
piston bore n. diameter of the bore
in the cylinder block in which the
piston moves back and forth
between top dead centre (TDC)
and bottom dead centre (BDC) :
Ñöôøng kính piston.
piston charging pump n. either
the function of the piston of the
two-stroke engine to pre-compress
o
tạ
the fresh charge induced into the
ào
crankcase, or a separate piston
-Đ
used in earlier two-stroke engine
designs to provide a supercharging
ng
ườ
effect: Bôm naïp kieåu piston.
Tr
piston (-type) compressor n.
n
compressor in an air-conditioning
vă
system with one or more pistons
Lê
arranged in either an in-line, axial,
radial or V-configuration: Maùy
neùn loaïi piston.
piston crown n. the end of the piston
facing the valves: Ñænh piston
piston damper n. small damper piston
in an SU or Stromberg carburettor
which attenuates the movement of
the large air piston in the venturi:
Piston giaûm chaán (cheá hoaø khí).
piston diaphragm n. flexible
membrane which displaces under
pressure, imparting movement to
the piston in a Stromberg
carburettor: Maøng truyeàn ñoäng
cho piston (boä cheá hoøa khí
254
piston ring
Stromberg)
piston engine n. internal
combustion engine in which a
piston is displaced by thermal
expansion of gases; the concept
includes reciprocating engines and
rotary engines, but is usually used
with reference to the common
reciprocating engine: Ñoäng cô
piston.
piston extension screw n.
stroke limiting screw between the
primary piston and secondary
piston stop: Vít chænh haønh trình
piston.
tô
piston head n. = PISTON
ô
ện
CROWN: Ñænh piston
đi piston land n. the raised
portion between two piston ring
grooves: Gôø raõnh xeùc maêng.
piston lifter n. pin in the base
of the piston chamber in an SU or
Stromberg carburettor, used to
check the strength of the mixture
and the free movement of the
piston: Choát kieåm tra löôïng hoãn
hôïp vaø haønh trình cuûa piston
(trong boä cheá hoøa khí SU vaø
Stromberg).
piston material n. the
materials from which pistons are
made are grey cast or light alloys;
most light alloys consist of an
aluminium-silicon alloy: Vaät lieäu
laøm piston
piston pin n. US = GUDGEON
PIN: Choát piston
piston ring n. one of usually three
metal rings installed in grooves in
the piston which seal the small
clearance between the piston and
the cylinder wall: Xeùc
piston ring clamp
maêng.
piston ring clamp n. special
automotive tool used for installing
pistons: Duïng cuï eùp xeùc maêng
(khi raùp piston)
piston ring flutter n. oscillations of a
piston ring which mainly occur at
high engine speed and thus can
cause breakage: Söï rung laéc
xecmaêng.
piston ring groove n. one of
the grooves round the top of a
piston into which a piston ring fits:
Raõnh xecmaêng.
piston ring groove cleaner =
special automotive tool to remove
carbon and varnishes from piston
grooves before installing piston
o
tạ
rings: Duïng cuï laøm saïch raõnh xeùc
ào
maêng treân piston.
-Đ
piston ring stop n. pin pressed
ng
into the ring grooves of a two-
ườ
stroke engine in order to prevent
Tr
the rings from rotating, which
n
would allow the open ends to
vă
become jammed in the ports:
Lê
Choát xeùc maêng (2 kyø)
piston rocking n. = PISTON SLAP
piston rod n. (shock absorber)
rod which operates the piston in a
telescopic damper: Thanh ñaåy
piston (oáng nhuùn).
piston seal n. fluid seal on a
disc brake caliper piston: Voøng
ñeäm kín piston (phanh).
piston seizure n. sudden
stalling of the engine, caused by
the piston becoming stuck in the
bore; this is often caused by
overheating or lack of lubrication
and often leaves severe score
marks in the cylinders: Söï keït
255
pitch circle (PC)
dính piston (ruùp peâ)
piston skirt n. the part of a piston
below the gudgeon pin and ring
belt area; its temperature can
reach 1300C: Thaân piston
piston slap n. audible noise
caused by excessive piston play,
which allows the piston to tilt in
BDC and TDC (when reversing
the direction of motion): Söï va
ñaäp cuûa piston (khi khe hôû lôùn)
piston speed n. speed of the
piston for a given engine rpm: Toác
ñoä piston.
piston spring n. coil spring in
tô
an SU carburettor which
ô
ện
counteracts the upward movement
đi of the piston: Loø xo piston giaûm
chaán (trong boä cheá hoøa khí SU).
piston top n. = PISTON
CROWN: Ñænh piston
piston-valve engine n. two-
stroke engine that relies on the
ports in the cylinder walls to
control admission and exhaust of
the air/ fuel mixture; it is not
equipped with other control
elements such as rotary valves:
Ñoäng cô piston coù caùc (loã) van
treân thaønh xy lanh (2 kyø)
pitch n. (a) axial distance of
adjacent threads measured
between corresponding thread
points; the pitch of single-start
threads equals the lead: Böôùc
ren.
(b) parking space or site for a
trailer, caravan, etc.: Nôi ñoã xe.
pitch circle (PC) n. the
circumference on which the
centres of the wheel bolt holes are
located: Quyõ ñaïo cuûa caùc oác baét
pitch circle diameter (PCD)
baùnh xe.
pitch circle diameter (PCD) =
the diameter of the stud holes/ bolt
holes for fixing the wheel to the
hub: Ñöôøng kính voøng troøn taâm
caùc oác baét baùnh xe.
pitman arm n. US = DROP ARM:
Ñoøn quay.
pitman shaft = ROCKER
SHAFT: Truïc then ñoøn daãn
höôùng xuyeân qua boä baùnh raêng
tay laùi.
pitot tube n. tube for measuring the
pressure and velocity of a fluid
flow; in some CVTs, used in
conjunction with a valve
arrangement to control ratio
changes: OÁng ño aùp suaát vaø vaän
o
tạ
toác doøng chaûy .
ào
pits n. (a) cavities extending from
-Đ
the surface into the metal as a
ng
result of pitting corrosion : Hoác,
ườ
loõm do gæ.
Tr
(b) (at a motor racing circuit)
n
place where a car stops for
vă
servicing, refuelling, tyre changes,
Lê
etc.: Traïm tieáp teá cho xe ñua.
pitted a. (of contact breaker
points) eroded: Loõm,roã (vít löûa).
pitting n. surface damage to a metal
in the form of pits or holes: Söï laøm
roã, söï laøm loõm (kim loaïi)
(NOTE: in the case of contact
breaker points the opposite is
piling)
pitting corrosion = corrosion
process resulting in pits: Söï aên roã
beà maët.
pivot axis n. = SWIVEL AXIS: Truïc
truï quay ñöùng.
pivot pin n. = KINGPIN: Truï
quay ñöùng (laùi)
256
planet gear
PL = PARKING LOCK: Cô caáu khoùa
ôû tay soá ñaäu.
plain bearing n. cylindrical sleeve
friction bearing; most commonly
used type of bearing: Baïc thau,
baïc loùt
plain disc wheel n. wheel type
without holes or slots in the wheel
disc: Maâm baùnh xe khoâng loã
planetary gear n. (starter motor) used
in some starters as an intermediate
transmission: Baùnh raêng haønh
tinh.
planetary (gear) differential
n. planetary gear set used as a
tô
differential with asymmetric
ô
ện
torque distribution, as for 4wd
đi vehicles: Vi sai söû duïng baùnh
raêng haønh tinh.
planetary gear set n.
comprises a central externally
toothed sun gear, an internally
toothed outer ring gear, and
several intermediate planet gears
which are evenly spaced and
supported by a planet carrier; they
are in constant mesh with the sun
gear and the internal gear: Boä
baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
planetary transmission n. US
= EPICYCLIC GEARBOX: Hoäp
soá baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
planet carrier n. part which
revolves around the central axis of
a planetary gear set and supports
the planet gears: Voøng mang cuïm
baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
planet gear n. (automatic
transmission) gear whose axis is
not stationary; it is supported by a
planet carrier and revolves around
the central axis: Baùnh raêng haønh
planet pinion
tinh.
planet pinion n. = PLANET
GEAR: Baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
planet wheel n. = PLANET
GEAR: Baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
planishing n. final panel hammering
stage for lifting out minor
imperfections in a panel surface;
part of the panel finishing process:
Söï goõ boùng.
planishing hammer = panel
beater’s hammer: Buùa cuûa thôï goø
plasma spray process n. process in
which a very high temperature
flame is produced by blowing gas
through an electric arc; metal wire
or powder is melted by passage
through the flame and is projected
o
tạ
on the surface to be coated: Qui
ào
trình haøn hôi.
-Đ
plastic n. a material that contains as
ng
an essential ingredient one or
ườ
more organic polymeric substances
Tr
of large molecular weight, is solid
n
in its manufacture or processing
vă
into finished articles, can be
Lê
shaped by flow: Nhöïa, chaát deûo.
plastic deformation n.
permanent change in the shape or
size of a solid body without
fracture resulting from the
application of sustained stress
beyond the elastic limit: Söï laøm
bieán daïng chaát deûo.
plastic engine n. an automobile
engine whose bulk is made of
plastic components (e.g. engine
block, inlet manifold, water-pump
housing, valve covers, sump), the
use of metal being limited to parts
subjected to extreme mechanical
or thermal loads (e.g. combustion
257
plate group
chamber, exhaust manifold,
pistons, cylinder liners, valve train,
etc. ): Ñoäng cô baèng chaát deûo.
plastic filler n. =
POLYESTER FILLER
plasticize v. to soften a
material to make it plastic or
mouldable by heating, kneading,
or adding a plasticizer: Laøm cho
deûo.
plasticizer n. an additive that
gives flexibility to an otherwise
rigid plastic: Chaát laøm meàm deûo.
plastics welding n. a uniting of
thermo-plastic, i.e. non-setting
tô
plastics of similar or different type
ô
ện
using heat and pressure and with
đi or without the addition of plastic of
a similar kind (filler material): Kyõ
thuaät haøn chaát deûo.
plate 1 n. (a) thin flat sheet of
metal: taám kim loaïi moûng
(b) (battery) in each battery cell
are two lead-alloy plates: one of
lead peroxide (positive plate), the
other of spongy lead (negative
plate); separators are placed
between the plates of different
polarity: baûn cöïc aéc quy.
(c) (clutch) = DISC: Ñóa, taám,
baûng.
2 v. to coat (a metal) with a thin
layer of another metal by
electrolysis, chemical reaction,
etc.: Maï.
plate grid n. (battery) = GRID:
Taám coát baûn cöïc (aéc quy)
plate group n. assembly of
plates of identical polarity
(positive or negative) as used in a
battery cell: Nhoùm taám baûn cöïc.
plate strap
plate strap n. (battery) the
conducting connection between the
lugs of plates of like polarity and
the cell terminal: Thanh noái caùc
baûn cöïc cuøng daáu
plate support n. support at the
bottom of a battery case on which
the elements rest; provides space
for the sediment chamber: Gaân ñôõ
baûn cöïc phía ñaùy aéc quy
plating n. (metal) coating: Maï.
platinum n. light-grey, heavy, ductile,
noble metal; atomic number 78,
atomic weight 195.09; melting
point at 17690C; main member of
the so-called platinum metals;
together with other platinum
metals, is used as a catalyst in
o
tạ
automotive exhaust converters:
ào
Baïch kim.
-Đ
platinum electrode n. (sparking
ng
plug) an electrode made of
ườ
platinum lasts longer than one of
Tr
nickel alloy as it can better
n
withstand high temperatures: Ñieän
vă
cöïc baïch kim (bougie)
Lê
platinum metals n. generic
term for a family of noble metals
found with and resembling
platinum; including ruthenium,
rhodium, palladium, osmium,
iridium, and platinum; used as
catalysts in catalytic converters;
less than a tenth of a troy ounce is
required per converter to produce
acres of catalytically active
catalyst surface: Nhöõng kim loaïi
quyù cuøng vôùi baïch kim trong boä
xuùc taùc.
platinum sparking plug n.
sparking plug with a platinum
centre electrode: Bougie ñieän cöïc
258
plug whiskering
baïch kim
play see FREE PLAY
plenum n. an enclosure than
containing air or gas at a higher
pressure than exists outside:
khoang chöùa ñaày
plenum chamber n. (a) (of
induction system) usually a large
cast alloy body which connects the
throttle body or inlet tube to the
cylinder head(s) or inlet manifold:
phaàn noái töø böôùm ga ñeán loã huùt
(b) (car body) air compartment
formed between the scuttle and
the bulkhead, providing a basis for
tô
the interior air supply: Loã thoâng
ô
ện
khí salon
đi
pliers n. gripping tool with two
hinged arms and serrated jaws:
Kìm coù raêng
plug 1 n. (a) stopper which seals a
hole: Nuùt bòt
(b) male electrical connector:
Phích caém, ñaàu caém ñöïc.
(c) = SPARKING PLUG: Bougie.
2 v. to seal with a stopper: Nuùt
laïi, chaën laïi.
plug gap n. hole in a tank or
cistern, which can be closed with a
rubber plug: Khe hôû bougie.
plughole n. = SPARKING
PLUG SPANNER: Tuyùp môû
bougie.
plug welding n. a number of holes
are punched along the edge of the
repair section to be welded in; the
section overlaps the damaged area
to be repaired and is welded to the
base metal at the punched holes:
Vuøng ranh giöõa phaàn hö hoûng
caàn haøn vaø thuøng xe.
plug whiskering n. = GAP BRIDG-
plunger
ING: Muoäi than noái taét ñieän cöïc
plunger n. (a) any immersing type
of piston: Piston daïng chìm
(b) hydraulic tappet component
(e.g. in a valve): Piston con ñoäi
thuûy löïc.
(c) piston in a starter solenoid:
Piston trong rôle caøi khôùp cuûa
maùy khôûi ñoäng
plunger principle n. a new ABS
control system which offers
improved pressure modulation
with very small amplitudes even at
pressures close to zero: Heä thoáng
phanh ABS môùi vôùi boä ñieàu tieát
aùp suaát caûi tieán.
plunger pump n. oil pump
consisting of a reciprocating
o
tạ
plunger in a ported chamber: Bôm
ào
nhôùt daïng piston
-Đ
plunging joint n. US = SLIDING
ng
JOINT: Khôùp noái tröôït.
ườ
ply n. rubber-impregnated layer of
Tr
cord (made from rayon, nylon,
n
polyester or steel) which forms the
vă
basis of a tyre car-cass: Sôïi boá.
Lê
ply rating (PR) = index of load-
carrying capacity, giving the
maximum permitted load for a
tyre: Phaân loaïi khaû naêng chòu taûi
cuûa voû xe.
PM = PARTICULATE MATTER: haït
PM trap = diesel particulate
filter: Loïc muoäi than trong diesel
PMMA = POLYMETHYL
METHACRYLATE
p/n or PN = PART(S) NUMBER
pneumatic suspension n. = AIR
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo khí
pneumatic trail n. distance
between a vertical line through the
centre of the wheel and the centre
259
pole
of pressure of the tyre contact
patch; most apparent during
cornering: Khoaûng caùch töø taâm
baùnh xe ñeán ñieåm tieáp xuùc maët
ñöôøng.
pneumatic tyre n. rubber tyre
filled with air under pressure: Loáp
bôm hôi (NOTE: opposite is solid
tyre)
pocket (slide) caliper n. small slide-
type caliper for inside and outside
measurement up to about 100 mm
or 4 inch: Compa ño trong vaø ño
ngoaøi loaïi nhoû
pod n. housing for a gauge mounted
tô
ô
behind the steering wheel: Phaàn
ện
khung ñeå gaén tableau sau tay laùi
đi
points n. = CONTACT BREAKER
POINTS: Vít löûa.
points file = thin, fine-toothed
file for cleaning and smoothing off
the piles on contact breaker: Giuõa
vít löûa
points gap = gap between the
contact breaker points when fully
open; measured with a feeler
gauge: Khe hôû vít löûa .
poke n. (informal) power or
acceleration: Söï nhaán ga taêng
toác.
polarity n. property of an electric
system that has two points with
different electric potentials: Cöïc
tính.
polarization resistance n. the
transition resistance between the
electrodes and the electrolyte; part
of the internal resistance of a
battery: Ñieän trôû chaát ñieän phaân
(aéc quy).
pole n. either of two points at which
there are opposite electric charges
pole piece
(positive or negative), as at the
terminals of a battery: Ñieän cöïc,
cöïc.
pole piece n. soft magnetic
core of the inductive winding in a
magnetic pick-up assembly;
stator: Loõi töø cuûa caûm bieán ñieän
töø loaïi nam chaâm ñöùng yeân.
pole shoe n. in an electrical
machine, such as a starter motor, a
piece of soft iron mounted to the
inside of the housing, surrounded
by the field coils: Maù cöïc cuûa
maùy ñieän ( nôi quaán daây).
polishing barrel n. barrel used for a
polishing process in which the
aluminium surface is smoothed in
the presence of metallic or
ceramic shot by a rotating
movement of the barrel: Tang
-Đ
ñaùnh boùng.
ng
pollutant n. in the context of
ườ
automotive emissions, pollutant
Tr
typically refers to hydrocarbons,
n
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
vă
oxides: Chaát oâ nhieãm.
Lê
polycarbonate (PC) n. a polyester
polymer in which the repeating
structural unit in the chain is of the
carbonate type; used for bumpers,
body and roof panels: Nhöïa PC.
polyellipsoidal headlight (PE head-
light) n. headlight with a gas
discharge lamp and
polyellipsoidal reflector: Ñeøn ñaàu
vôùi boùng cao aùp vaø choaù hình
polyellipsoid.
polyester filler n. body repair
material for smoothing dents in
body panels; includes a resin base
filler paste and a catalyst which is
added to the base filler and
polyurethane paint
hardens by chemical reaction:
Nhöïa ñeå laøm nhaün thaân xe
(matít)
polyester powder = powder
used for electrostatic powder
coating: Boät sôn tónh ñieän
polyethylene (PE) n. a polymer
prepared by the polymerization of
ethylene as the sole monomer;
very resistant to chemical attack:
Nhöïa PE.
polymer n. substance consisting of
molecules characterized by the
repetition of one or more types of
monomeric units: Chaát cao phaân
tô
ô
töû, polyme
ện
polymer alloy = a mixture of
đi two or more different compatible
o
tạ
polymers: Hoãn hôïp nhieàu hôïp
ào
chaát cao phaân töû.
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
n.thermoplastic polymer derived
from methylacrylate; transparent
solid with excellent optical
qualities and weather resistance;
typical automotive applications are
the lenses of rear lights: Mica
(NOTE: also called Perspex)
polypropylene (PP) n. an extremely
versatile plastic, available in many
grades and also as a copolymer
(ethylene/ propylene): Nhöïa PP.
polyurethane (PUR) n.
a thermoplastic material with high
strength, good chemical and
abrasion resistance; used mainly
for foamed reaction injection
mouldings and for adhesives, such
as for flush-bonded body glass:
Nhöïa Poliureâtan.
polyurethane paint = type of
two-pack paint based on
260
polyurethane powder
polyurethane substances: Sôn
poliureâtan.
polyurethane powder = powder
used for electrostatic powder
coating: Boät poâliureâtan.
poly-V-belt n. drive belt with
multiple Vs; flat, similar to the
toothed belts used as timing belts,
but with lengthwise V-shaped ribs
rather than transverse cogs; used
increasingly on new engines
instead of conventional V-belts:
Ñai hình chöõ V.
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) n.
bolt plasticized and unplasticized
PVC types are marked by good
weathering resistance, and good
surface properties; they are self-
o
tạ
extinguishing: Nhöïa PVC.
ào
poor opacity n. paint fault in which
-Đ
the colour of underlying coats or
ng
fillers remains visible through the
ườ
topcoat; may be caused by
Tr
insufficient paint thickness,
n
overthinning, etc.: Söï môø ñuïc cuûa
vă
lôùp sôn (thaáy lôùp sôn loùt)
Lê
poppet valve n. valve which pops
open and shut in a reciprocating
motion; consists of a valve stem
and disc; the typical valve type
used in engine cylinder heads: Suù
paùp
(NOTE: also called mushroom
valve due to its shape)
pop rivet n. type of tubular rivet
which initially has a hard steel pin
passing through it; when the pop
rivet is fitted with a pop rivet gun,
the head of the pin expands the
inner end of the tubular rivet,
closing it; the head of the pin then
snaps off; used when a joint can be
261
port vacuum advance (PVA)
accessed from one side only: Choát
riveâ baám baèng suùng.
pop-up headlights n. =
CONCEALED HEADLIGHTS:
Ñeøn pha xeáp.
porcelain enamel n. US =
VITREOUS ENAMEL: Men thuûy
tinh.
pore n. small opening in a surface:
Loã nhoû treân beà maët.
porosity n. state or condition
of being porous: Traïng thaùi xoáp.
porous a. permeable to air or
fluids: Xoáp (khoâng khí hay chaát
tô
loûng thaám qua ñöôïc).
ô
Porsche-type synchromesh n.
ện
sophisticated synchromesh
đi technology depending on the
frictional forces by a spreading
synchronizer ring: Boä ñoàng toác
Porsche
port n. generally, any opening
through which air or fluid passes;
specifically, the opening in the
cylinder of a hydraulic valve and
the precision-made hole (jet) in the
wall of a carburettor barrel: Loã
thoâng, cöûa (ñeå khoâng khí hoaëc
chaát loûng ñi qua).
port area n. used to indicate the
cross-section area of the port of a
two-stroke engine; this value is
one of the factors determining the
gas flow and the power of a two-
stroke engine: Maët caét loã thoâng
(ñoäng cô 2 kyø).
port vacuum advance (PVA) n.
a series of restriction devices
between the distributor advance
unit and the carburettor advance
port to ensure that there is no
vacuum advance during idle, but
port vacuum advance
increasing ignition advance as the
throttle opens: Ñaùnh löûa sôùm aùp
thaáp nhôø loã treân boä cheá hoaø khí.
port fuel injection (PFI) n. =
MULTI-POINT INJECTION:
Phun xaêng ña ñieåm
positive camber: Goùc camber döông.
positive castor n. when an
imaginary line extended through
the steering axis cuts the wheel
axis through the wheel centre:
Goùc castor döông
positive crankcase ventilation (PCV)
n. introduced in 1963, PCV serves
to reduce emissions by recycling
crankcase fumes and blow-by
gases: Heä thoáng thoâng hôi cacte
positive electrode n. (battery)
o
tạ
= POSITIVE PLATE: Ñieän cöïc
ào
döông (aéc quy)
-Đ
positive terminal n. red battery
ng
terminal with a plus symbol
ườ
indicating positive polarity: Cöïc
Tr
döông
n
post n. (a) pillar between the roof
vă
and the waistline; from front to
Lê
rear, there are A-, B-, C- , and D-
posts: Truï ñôõ .
(b) = BATTERY POST: Coïc
bình aéc quy.
post-heating n. (glow plugs) heating
after the engine is started to
prevent blue smoke and misfiring
during the warm-up phase: Xoâng
sau khôûi ñoäng
post-ignition n. ignition of the
air-fuel mixture after the electrical
ignition point: Söï baét löûa cuûa hoãn
hôïp sau khi coù tia löûa
pot n. (a) = CYLINDER: Xy lanh
(b) = DASHPOT: Caùi giaûm chaán
laøm caùnh böôùm ga ñoùng töø töø.
262
power-assisted steering
pothole n. deep hole in the surface
of a road: OÅ gaø treân maët ñöôøng.
pot joint n. universal joint in which the
rollers or balls can move freely in
an internally grooved cylinder:
Khôùp noái coù bi troøn hoaëc bi ñuõa
dòch chuyeån töï do.
pour point n. the lowest
temperature at which an oil can be
poured: Nhieät ñoä thaáp nhaát maø
daàu coù theå chaûy (roùt)
powder slush moulding n.
processing technique applied to
produce PVC skins: Kyõ thuaät taïo
lôùp voû nhöïa treân chi tieát.
tô
ô
power 1 n. the rate at which energy
ện
is converted into work: Coâng
đi suaát.
2 v. to provide power to: Caáp
coâng suaát, trôï löïc.
power-assisted brakes n. braking
system which uses a vacuum brake
booster (servo) to reduce the
pressure on the brake pedal: Heä
thoáng phanh (phanh) coù trôï löïc
power-assisted steering (pas)
n. steering system in which a
hydraulic pump powered by the
engine helps the driver to turn the
steering wheel: Heä thoáng laùi coù
trôï löïc.
power brakes (pb) n. braking
system that uses hydraulic or
vacuum or atmospheric pressure to
provide most of the force required
for braking: Phanh coù trôï löïc
power closing n. = AUTOMATIC
CLOSING SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
ñoùng cöûa töï ñoäng.
power cut-off (switch) n. =
BATTERY MASTER SWITCH:
Coâng taéc ngaét mass aéc quy
power brakes
power distribution n. specific
drive torque distribution between
front and rear axles in a 4WD
system: Söï phaân phoái coâng suaát
(truyeàn ñoäng 4 baùnh)
power hood n. convertible top
which is raised and lowered by an
electric motor: Mui xeáp (xe mui
traàn) ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän.
(NOTE: US English is electric
top)
power seat n. seat whose
back, height, thigh and lumbar
support, etc. can be electrically
adjusted: Gheá ñieàu chænh baèng
ñieän.
powershift transmission n. US
transmission which can be used
without declutching or
ào
decelerating: Hoäp soá sang soá
-Đ
khoâng caàn ñaïp ly hôïp hoaëc giaûm
ng
toác.
ườ
power steering (ps) n. (a)
Tr
completely hydraulic or
n
pneumatic steering system,
vă
allowing the driver little or no
Lê
‘feel’ for the road; not used for
road-going passenger vehicles (b)
(informal) = POWER-ASSISTED
STEERING: Trôï löïc laùi
power steering pump = pump
which supplies hydraulic pressure
for the power steering system:
Bôm trôï löïc laùi
power stroke n. downstroke of a
piston, the third stroke in a four-
stroke cycle: Haønh trình sinh
coâng, thì noå
power take-off (PTO) n. using the
crankshaft or gearbox to drive
ancillary equipment, such as a
pump or generator: Boä truyeàn löïc
263
264 prechamber
cho caùc thieát bò phuï qua puly
truïc khuyûu.
power train n. = DRIVE
TRAIN: Heä thoáng ñoäng löïc (bao
goàm ñoäng cô vaø hoäp soá).
power valve n. valve in the
enrichment unit, used in some
carburettors to provide a richer
mixture for extra power under
certain conditions; in a typical
design, the power valve is a
vacuum-controlled ball-type check
valve: Van laøm ñaäm ñeå taêng coâng
suaát.
power window (pw) n. US =
tô
ELECTRIC WINDOW: Cöûa kính
ô
ện
xe ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän
đi power window lock-out
o
tạ
switch = switch that renders
inoperable all electric window
controls on the individual windows,
except for the master controls on
the driver’s door: Coâng taét khoùa
caùc cöûa ñieän.
PP = POLYPROPYLENE: Nhöïa PP.
PPO = POLYPHENYLENE
OXIDE
PR = PLY RATING
prechamber n. (of indirect
injectiondiesel engines) small
upper chamber in the cylinder
head, connected to the main
combustion chamber by a narrow
passage; fuel is injected into the
prechamber (also called swirl
chamber) where it is ignited before
spreading to the main chamber:
Buoàng ñoát phuï, buoàng ñoát tröôùc
pre-combustion engine n. US =
INDIRECT INJECTION ENGINE:
Ñoäng cô diesel phun giaùn tieáp (coù
buoàng ñoát tröôùc)
pre-compress
pre-compress v. to compress the
fuel/ air/ oil mixture first: Neùn
tröôùc.
pre-compression chamber n.
chamber below the piston in a two-
stroke engine in which the
fuel/air/oil mixture is initially
compressed in order to enable
more fresh charge to be fed into
the cylinder: Buoàng neùn phuï (2
kyø)
pre-converter vehicle n. a car built
prior to the enforcement of
emission control standards
requiring a catalytic converter to
be fitted to every new car: Xe
chöa laép boä xuùc taùc
pre-engaged Bendix starter n. a
o
tạ
combination of Bendix and pre-
ào
engaged starter drives: Maùy khôûi
-Đ
ñoäng vôùi baùnh raêng Bendix vaø
ng
khôùp gaøi tröôùc.
ườ
pre-engaged starter n. starter
Tr
motor in which the solenoid-
n
operated pinion engages with a
vă
flywheel ring gear before the full
Lê
electric current flows; an
overrunning clutch enables the
pinion to freewheel before
disengaging, once the engine has
fired: Maùy khôûi ñoäng gaøi khôùp
tröôùc (khi doøng ñieän qua ñeà)
preheater system n. cold starting aid
for diesel engines, consisting of
glow plugs, a glow-control unit,
and a glow plug and starter switch,
for preheating the combustion
chamber or the intake air up to
auto-ignition temperature: Heä
thoáng xoâng tröôùc (Diesel).
pre-ignition n. ignition of air/fuel
mixture prior to the electrical
264
pressing plant
ignition point: Söï chaùy sôùm.
prelubricator n. lubrication system
consisting mainly of an
electronically controlled pump that
circulates pressurized engine oil to
an engine’s vital parts for about six
seconds when ignition is switched
on prior to starting of the engine;
reduces friction during cold starts
and prolongs engine life: Söï boâi
trôn tröôùc khi khôûi ñoäng.
prepreg n. reinforcing or moulding
material already impregnated with
a synthetic resin: Söï gia coá vaät
lieäu.
tô
preselector gearbox n. conventional
ô
ện
gearbox with a semi-automatic
đi change mechanism in which a gear
is selected before the change is
initiated, the change being made
by depressing the clutch or
auxiliary pedal: Hoäp soá baùn töï
ñoäng (gaøi soá tröôùc khi soá ñöôïc
sang)
preset station button n. button
for tuning a radio automatically to
a preset frequency, i. e. one radio
station can be allocated to each
button: Nuùt nhôù ñaøi töï ñoäng
(radio)
pressed panel n. panel
produced with special press tools
and dies, as opposed to a hand-
made panel: Khung daäp.
press fit n. condition of contact
between two parts that requires
pressure to force the parts
together: Söï laép raùp baèng aùp
suaát.
pressing plant n. plant
specializing in the manufacture of
car bodies: Maùy daäp khung oâ toâ.
pressure accumulator
pressure accumulator n. (usually)
spherical pressure tank of about 10
mm diameter in an hydraulic brake
booster: Boä tích aùp.
pressure differential switch
hydraulic pressure-operated switch
(often included in a combination
valve) which activates the ‘brake
failure’ warning light when one of
the brake circuits (in a dual-circuit
system) fails due to a system leak
and associated pressure drop:
Coâng taéc ñieàu khieån ñeøn baùo
maát phanh.
pressure-feed spray gun n.
type of spray gun with a separate
paint container (pressure-feed
tank); it is used mostly for spraying
highly viscous materials such as
spray putty: Suùng sôn baèng aùp
-Đ
suaát (bình chöùa sôn ñaët rôøi)
ng
pressure limiting valve or US
ườ
proportioning valve n. (a) any
Tr
valve which limits pressure in a
n
system, e. g. in a hydraulic circuit,
vă
in automatic transmissions, in
Lê
pneumatic suspension systems, etc.
(b) specifically, the valve used in
the rear brake line of some cars
with front disc and rear drum
brakes: Van giôùi haïn aùp suaát.
pressure lubrication n. (a) (of 4-
stroke engines) = FORCED-FEED
LUBRICATION (b) (of 2-stroke
engines) lubrication system with
crankcase scavenging: Boâi trôn
cöôõng böùc
pressure plate n. (a) (brakes) the
plate carrying pad in a disc brake:
Boá phanh (phanh) (trong phanh
(phanh) ñóa).
(NOTE: also called backplate)
pressure wave supercharger
(b) (transmission) the part of the
clutch assembly which is pressed
against the clutch plate by the
clutch springs to transmit the drive:
n. Ñóa eùp trong ly hôïp.
pressure regulating valve n.
(a) any valve which maintains
pressure at or under a certain
pressure; specifically the pressure
relief valve of the oil pump (b) in
a continuous injection system, part
of the fuel distributor, consisting
basically of a spring-loaded steel
diaphragm which serves to keep
the pressure drop across the
tô
metering ports at a constant 0.1
ô
ện
bar: Van ñieàu tieát aùp suaát
đi pressure regulator n. regulator
o
tạ
which governs the pressure of the
ào
fuel delivered to the injectors by
the fuel pump: Boä ñieàu aùp
pressure regulator valve n.
releases hydraulic fluid if pressure
exceeds a preset value: Van boä
ñieàu aùp
pressure relief valve n. valve
which opens at maximum safe
pressure and closes again
uponreturn to normal operating
conditions; its main task is to
prevent the internal pressure of a
component or a system from
exceeding a certain set point: Van
giaûm aùp (an toaøn)
pressure wave n. pulsations of
oscillations in the induction and
exhaust systems caused by the
opening and closing of the valves:
Soùng aùp suaát trong oáng poâ
pressure wave supercharger =
COMPREX PRESSURE WAVE
SUPERCHARGER: Bôm taêng aùp
265
pressurized
loaïi soùng aùp suaát.
pressurized a. working under
pressure: Laøm vieäc döôùi aùp suaát
primary battery n. non-rechargeable
battery consisting of one or more
primary cells, used e.g. in portable
radio receivers: Pin thöôøng
(khoâng naïp ñöôïc).
(NOTE: opposite is secondary/
storage battery)
primary (catalytic) converter
n. small converter positioned close
to the engine which quickly actives
the necessary operating
temperature to reduce exhaust
emissions during the warm-up
period: Boä xuùc taùc sô caáp.
primary cell n. electric cell
o
tạ
that converts chemical energy into
ào
electrical energy in an irreversible
-Đ
process; unlike a secondary cell, it
ng
cannot be recharged: Pin khoâng
ườ
saïc ñöôïc
Tr
primary chain n. the chain of a
n
primary drive: Xích truyeàn ñoäng
vă
chính.
Lê
primary circuit n. circuit which
comprises the battery, the ignition
switch, if ballasted the ballast
resistor, the primary winding of the
ignition coil, and if breaker-
triggered the contact breaker
points: Maïch sô caáp (ñaùnh löûa)
primary compression ratio n.
degree of compression achieved in
the crankcase area below the
piston of a two-stroke engine when
the piston moves down and
compresses the mixture supplied
into the crankcase: Tyû soá neùn
chính (2 kyø)
primary key n. key which
266
primary V-pulley
operates all the locks of the car:
Khoùa cöûa trung taâm
primary magnetic field n.
magnetic field of the primary
winding: Töø tröôøng cuûa cuoän daây
sô caáp
primary pattern n.
oscilloscope pattern of the primary
circuit: Daïng xung dao ñoäng cuûa
maïch sô caáp.
primary piston n. main piston
in a tandem master cylinder:
Piston chính (phanh)
primary pump n. engine-driven
oil pump feeding pressurized oil to
tô
ô
the transmission and hydraulic
ện
control system: Bôm chính tuyeàn
đi
ñoäng töø ñoäng cô caáp nhôùt cho
hoäp soá vaø caùc heä thoáng thuyû löïc
khaùc.
primary seal n. primary piston
seal in a tandem master cylinder:
Voøng ñeäm kín cuûa piston sô caáp
trong xy lanh caùi (phanh).
primary shaft n. = CLUTCH
SHAFT: Truïc sô caáp
primary shoe n. US =
LEADING SHOE: Maù phanh
chính
primary structure component
n. any structural component
which, if it collapsed, could make
the car uncontrollable or would
seriously reduce occupant safety in
a crash: Thaønh phaàn ñoùng vai troø
an toaøn khi ñuïng trong caáu truùc
chính cuûa khung xe.
primary valve n. valve which
controls the primary V-pulley: Van
ñieàu khieån puli sô caáp chöõ V
primary V-pulley n. (CVT)
pulley which is driven by the via a
primary winding
clutch; one of its halves can be slid
hydraulically, thus varying the
diameter of the steel thrust belt
track and changing the
transmission ratio: Puli chöõ V daãn
ñoäng thoâng qua ly hôïp laøm thay
ñoåi ñöôøng kính ñeå thay ñoåi tyû soá
truyeàn.
primary winding n. outer
winding of the ignition coil;
typically 200 turns of relatively
strong wire: Cuoän daây sô caáp
(NOTE: opposite is secondary
winding)
prime v. (a) to apply primer: Phuû
sôn loùt
(b) to fill a machine (e.g. a pump)
with the necessary fluid before
o
tạ
starting, in order to improve its
ào
sealing qualities: Moài bôm
-Đ
(c) to put fuel in the float
ng
chamber of a carburettor to ease
ườ
the starting of an engine: Moài
Tr
xaêng (nhieân lieäu).
n
primer n. first coat of paint
vă
applied to a bare surface; designed
Lê
to provide a foundation for the
subsequent coats and to ensure rust
protection: Lôùp sôn loùt.
primer bath = bath containing
the primer: Boàn chöùa sôn loùt.
primer filler = special primer
used to cover fine cracks: Lôùp sôn
treùt kín veát nöùt.
primer oven = painting line
oven used to dry the coats of
primer: Phoøng saáy sôn loùt.
primer surfacer = material for
the resilient coating underneath
the top paint coat which provides
corrosion protection, protects the
paint system from chipping caused
267
production line
by gravel, provides a smooth
surface for the top paint coat, and
serves as an adhesion promoter:
Lôùp sôn loùt.
printed circuit board (pcb) n. thin
plastic insulating board on one or
both sides of which the
components and connections of an
electronic circuit are formed by
etching in a metallic coating or
electrodeposition: Baûng maïch in
prise off v. to lever off: baåy ra, caïy
ra.
PRNDL = letters denoting the
positions on the gear selector of an
tô
automatic gearbox, standing for:
ô
ện
Park, Reverse, Neutral, Drive,
đi Low: P = Park, R = Reverse, N =
Neutral, D = Drive, L = Low: Chöõ
caùi kyù hieäu cuûa caùc tay soá ôû hoäp
soá töï ñoäng.
(NOTE: Low may be divided into:
3, 2, 1)
probe n. a measuring sensor, usually
long and thin to gain access to
narrow cavities: Caùi que ño.
Procon-ten n. safety system
developed by Audi which makes
use of the relative displacement of
the engine during a frontal
collision; steel cables pull the
steering wheel away from the
driver and increase the seat belt
tension : heä thoáng an toaøn xe
Audi.
production car or model n. car
manufactured by a mass-
production process: xe saûn xuaát
ñaïi traø
production line = system in
which the parts of an end product
are transported by a conveyor past
profile
a number of sites where the parts
are modified without stopping the
conveyor: Daây chuyeàn saûn xuaát.
profile n. (a) side view, shape
or outline of an object: Bieân daïng
(b) cross-section of a tyre: maët
caét voû xe
profile depth = TREAD
DEPTH: Chieàu cao gai voû xe.
programme comparison and
identification (PCI) n. (radio)
system that identifies a programme
(station) and compares
programmes so as to find the
station which offers the strongest
signal: So saùnh vaø nhaän daïng tín
hieäu soùng radio.
progressive carburettor n.
COMPOUND CARBURETTOR:
Boä cheá hoøa khí vôùi caùnh böôùm
-Đ
gioù keùp.
ng
progressive transmission
ườ
transmission in which it is
Tr
necessary to pass through the gear
n
ratios in a definite order; usage
vă
today confined almost exclusively
Lê
to motorcycles: Hoäp soá soá tôùi (xe
gaén maùy)
projected core/ insulator nose
insulator tip that extends beyond
the end of the sparking plug shell:
Ñaàu söù caùch ñieän bougie.
projected spark position n.
amount the sparking plug gap
projects into the combustion
chamber: 1mm for the slightly
projected spark position in older
engines and 3 mm for the normally
projected spark position in modern
engines: Vò trí nhoâ ra cuûa ñaàu
bougie (trong buoàng ñoát).
projection welding n. resistance
prop up
welding method: Phöông phaùp
haøn baám.
promoter n. substance embedded in
the washcoat on catalyst substrates
that serves to enhance catalytic
efficiency: chaát hoaït hoùa (hoùa
hoïc) trong boä xuùc taùc
propane n. colourless, flammable
gas used for cooking, heating and
as a fuel: Proâpan (khí khoâng
maøu, khí deã chaùy, duøng laøm
nhieân lieäu)
propeller (pump) n. impeller of a
propeller pump, characterized by a
small number of blades of double
tô
curvature; propellers are generally
ô
ện
axial-flow impellers, seldom
= đi mixed-flow ones: Caùnh bôm
o
tạ
propeller shaft n. generally
ào
applicable to the long, jointed shaft
between the power unit and
n. differential, usually mounted
longitudinally from front to rear on
front-engine RWD vehicles: Truïc
truyeàn ñoäng (truïc laùp)
(NOTE: US English is drive shaft)
proportional load synchromesh n.
= LOCKING SYNCHROMESH:
n. Boä ñoàng toác coù khoùa
proportioning valve n. US =
PRESSURE LIMITING VALVE:
Van giôùi haïn aùp suaát
prop shaft n. (informal)
=PROPELLER SHAFT: Truïc
truyeàn ñoäng (truïc laùp)
propulsive power n. the force with
which a vehicle moves; the pulling
force; depends not only on engine
power and torque, but also on the
amount of friction between driving
wheels and road surface: Löïc ñaåy
prop up v. to fix the bonnet in the
268
protective coat(ing)
open position using the bonnet
support stay: Choáng ñôõ, ñôõ leân
(naép ca-poâ )
protective coat(ing) n. layer or
layers applied to a surface to
provide corrosion protection: Lôùp
sôn baûo veä.
protector washer n. filter disc
between the primary piston and
primary seal which supports and
protects the primary seal when the
brake system is under pressure:
Voøng ñeäm baûo veä (phanh)
prototype n. a first full-scale and
usually functional form of a new
type or design of a vehicle:
Nguyeân maãu, maãu ñaàu tieân cuûa
xe
o
tạ
ps = POWER STEERING: Heä thoáng
ào
laùi coù trôï löïc .
-Đ
psi (short for) pound-force per
ng
square inch, a measurement of
ườ
pressure: Ñôn vò ño aùp suaát
Tr
PTFE = POLYTETRAFLUORO-
n
ETHYLENE
vă
PTO = POWER TAKE-OFF
Lê
puckering n. (paint fault) =
WRINKLING: Söï nhaên, neáp
nhaên cuûa lôùp sôn
puddle lamp n. lamp in the bottom
of a luxury car door which
illuminates the area into which a
passenger is going to step when
the door is opened: Ñeøn saøn xe
(taïi cöûa xe).
puddle welding n. = PLUG
WELDING
pull v. (vehicle) to deviate towards
the side: Keùo, loâi.
pull away v. to drive away from a
standing start: chuyeån baùnh.
puller n. special automotive tool used
269
pull-type clutch
to remove gears, bearings, pulleys,
wheels and other parts from shafts
by a pulling action: Caùi caûo
pulley n. wheel with a grooved rim
to carry a belt, chain or rope: Puli,
roøng roïc
pull in v. to drive to the side of the
road or into a lay-by, etc. (and
stop): Gheù vaøo, taáp vaøo leà.
pulling beam n. hydraulic ram
attached securely to the vehicle at
strong points; pulling force is then
applied to the pulling beam to pull
the frame or sheet metal back into
place: Maùy keùo khung xe (bò
tô
ñuïng).
ô
ện
pulling post = post bolted to the
đi shop floor or fixed in a concrete
foundation which forms the
anchorage for the chain and
hydraulic jack assemblies to
straighten misaligned bodies: Coät
truï ñeå neo daây xích vaø ñoäi thuyû
löïc khi naén khung.
pull-in winding n. winding as used in
a starter solenoid that does the
heavy pull-in work : Cuoän huùt
(maùy khôûi ñoäng).
pull out v. (a) to drive away from
the side of a road: Phoùng ra (töø leà
ñöôøng)
(b) to drive out from behind a
vehicle in front in order to
overtake: Vöôït qua maët.
pull-out door handle n. door
handle which is pulled away from
the door skin to open the door from
the outside: Tay naém môû cöûa beân
ngoaøi.
pull over v. to drive to the side of
the road (and stop): Gheù vaøo leà.
pull-type clutch n. clutch in which
pull up
the clutch release bearing is pulled
away from the flywheel when the
clutch is disengaged: Ly hôïp loaïi
baïc ñaïn keùo.
pull up v. to stop: Döøng laïi.
pulse air principle n. in air
induction system the method of
introducing secondary air into the
exhaust system by means of
aspirator valves actuated by the
pressure pulses of the exhaust gas
stream: Nguyeân taéc duøng dao
ñoäng khí thaûi ñeå naïp khí vaøo oáng
thaûi
pulse former or shaper n.
circuit for changing the waveform
of a signal: Maïch thay ñoåi daïng
xung.
o
tạ
pulse generator n. = PICK-
ào
UP MODULE: Maùy phaùt xung,
-Đ
caûm bieán ñieän töø.
ng
pump 1 n. machine that transforms
ườ
mechanical energy generated by a
Tr
prime mover into the energy of a
n
moving fluid: Maùy bôm
vă
2 v. to add kinetic and potential
Lê
energy to a liquid for the purpose
of moving it from one point to
another: Bôm
pump-fed lubrication n. = FORCED-
FEED LUBRICATION: Boâi trôn
baèng bôm, boâi trôn cöôõng böùc
pumping chamber n. =
PRECOMPRESSION CHAMBER:
Buoàng bôm
pump power output n. the
energy transferred by a pump to
the liquid pumped: Coâng suaát
phaùt ra cuûa bôm
pump rotor n. a centrifugal
pump assembly consisting of the
pump shaft, impeller and further
270
pushrod measuring tool
rotating components, such as
rotating bearing and shaft sealing
parts: roâto cuûa bôm ly taâm
pump shaft n. shaft which
transmits the driver torque to the
impeller(s) of centrifugal pumps or
to the displacement element(s) of
rotary pumps: Truïc bôm
punch n. tool for making holes or
driving out bolts, rivets and pins:
Caùi ñoät loã, caùi ñuïc
puncture n. hole in a tyre made by a
sharp object and causing loss of air
pressure: loã thuûng loáp xe
punt chassis n. = BACK CHASSIS:
tô
Khung xe phía sau.
ô
ện
PUR = POLYURETHANE: Loaïi
đi nhöïa toång hôïp duøng cheá taïo sôn
purge v. to get rid of impurities:
Loïc, laøm trong saïch.
push bar n. bar between the shoes in
a drum brake: Caøng ñaåy choáng
phanh
pushrod n. (a) steel or
aluminium rod linking the tappet to
the rocker arm in overhead valve
(OHV) engines: Ñuõa ñaåy coø suù
paùp
(b) rod which actuates the primary
piston in a master cylinder or
power brake: Caàn ñaåy (xylanh
caùi).
pushrod engine = OVERHEAD
VALVE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù suù
paùp treân naép maùy.
pushrod measuring tool = tool
which measures the length of
pushrod needed in an engine; a
pushrod of proper length is vital to
keep the rocker in the centre of the
valve, minimize the risk of
breakage and extend the valve
push start pw

guide life: Duïng cuï ño ñuõa ñaåy coø
suù paùp .
push start n. = BUMP START:
Khôûi ñoäng baèng trôùn xe.
push-type clutch n.
conventional clutch in which the
clutch release bearing is pushed
towards the flywheel when the
clutch is disengaged: Ly hôïp loaïi
baïc ñaïn ñaåy
putty n. special paste used for
repairing minor panel
imperfections, e.g. chips or
scratches on the filled surface; it is
used after normal filling and gives
PVC seam sealing = the sealing
of seams with PVC sealant to
prevent the penetration of
corrosive agents: Söï laøm kín
nhöõng ñöôøng noái baèng nhöïa
PVC.
PVC tape = INSULATING
TAPE: Baêng keo caùch ñieän
PVC underbody treatment =
treatment of the under of a vehicle
to protect it from chipping due to
gravel or stones and corrosive
agents: Phöông phaùp baûo veä saøn
xe baèng nhöïa PVC.
PVC underseal (coating) =

tô
an extremely smooth surface: Keo

ô
protective PVC coating applied to

ện
treùt. the underbody of a vehicle: Lôùp
putty knife = tool for scraping đi sôn loùt döôùi saøn baèng nhöïa PVC.
o
tạ
off dirt, carbon, and paint or for pw = POWER WINDOW(S): Kính
ào

applying putty: Dao caïo keo, sôn, ñieän.

-Đ

buøn.
ng

PVA = PORTED VACUUM

ườ

ADVANCE
Tr

PVC = POLYVINYL CHLORIDE:

n

Nhöïa PVC
vă
Lê

271
Q quill shaft
Q letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (160 km/h or
100 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ
toác ñoä toái ña 160 km/h
QTS = QUARTZ TUNING SYSTEM:
Heä thoáng doø ñaøi töï ñoäng trong
radio
quad-cam engine n. engine with four
camshafts: Ñoäng cô 4 truïc cam
quadrant n. (a) (transmission) guide
which indicates the position of the
gear selector of an automatic
gearbox: Baûng baùo vò trí caøi soá
(b) (steering) the V-shaped
toothed section of a worm-and-
section steering box: phaàn raêng
-Đ
daïng chöõ V cuûa baùnh vít trong
ng
hoäp laùi
ườ
quarter bumper n. type of shortened
Tr
bumper designed to give a car a
n
sporting image: Thanh caûn ngaén
vă
gaén theâm ñeå xe coù daùng theå thao
Lê
quarter-elliptic leaf spring
cantilevered half of a semi-elliptic
leaf spring, rigidly attached to a
vehicle at its major section and
carrying the axle at its end
section: Laù nhíp daïng moät phaàn
tö elip
quarter panel n. rear section of the
body shell which incorporates the
rear wing and usually also the C-
pillar: Truï ñôõ khung cöûa phía
sau
quartz-halogen bulb n. high intensity
headlight bulb with a trace of a
halogen gas (such as iodine) in a
Qq
quartz envelope: Boùng ñeøn thaïch
anh - halogen
quartz tuning system (QTS) n.
quartz- controlled tuning system
with digital tuning and frequency
display; uses micro-processor-
controlled PLL circuitry: Heä doø
ñaøi töï ñoäng trong radio
quattro (Italian for) four; indicates
that a car has four-wheel drive:
Xe 2 caàu chuû ñoäng (YÙ)
quench v. (spark) to damp or
tô
suppress: Taét, nguoäi, trui
ô
ện
quench zones n. those parts within
đi the combustion chamber of an
o
tạ
engine where the temperature of
ào
the A/F mixture is lower than
necessary for optimum
combustion, due to contact with
the relatively cold metal surface;
incomplete combustion in the
quench zones is one of the two
major factors contributing to HC
n. and CO concentrations in the
exhaust gas: Vuøng laïnh trong
buoàng chaùy
quick take-up valve n. residual
pressure valve with relief hole in
a brake master cylinder: Van caét
aùp suaát dö (phanh)
quill shaft n. hollow shaft: Truïc
roãng
272
R radial tyre
Rr
R (a) = REVERSE : Tay soá luøi R
(b) letter on a fuel gauge
indicating low fuel; when first
illuminated it indicates that there
is approximately five litres left in
reserve: Kyù töï treân ñoàng hoà ño
nhieân lieäu chæ möïc nhieân lieäu
thaáp
(c) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (170 km/h or
105 mph): Kyù töï treân caïnh voû xe
chæ toác ñoä toái ña 170 km/h
RAC = ROYAL AUTOMOBILE
CLUB: Caâu laïc boä xe oâtoâ hoaøng
o
gia
tạ
race 1 n. inner or outer cylindrical
ào
-Đ
ring holding the balls or rollers in
an antifriction: Voøng reá oå bi
ng
2 v. (engine) to run at high speed
ườ
when not in gear: Cho ñoäng cô
Tr
chaïy ôû toác ñoä cao (khoâng caøi soá)
n
vă
racing start n. a start on a
Lê
normal street, e. g. at traffic lights,
using excessive throttle resulting
in wheelspin and tyre screeching:
Söï tröôït baùnh xe khi xuaát phaùt
maø ñaïp ga gaáp
rack n. long, toothed bar: Thanh
raêng
rack-and-pinion steering n.
steering system in which a pinion
on the end of the steering shaft
meshes with a rack of gear teeth
on the major crossmember of the
steering linkage: Cô caáu laùi
thanh raêng – baùnh raêng
(NOTE:opposite is parallelogram
steering)
273
rack galvanizing n.
galvanizing method for objects
which can be placed on a rack:
Maï keõm vôùi caùc chi tieát ñaët treân
thanh raêng
rad (short for) radiator: Boä taûn nhieät,
keùt nöôùc
radial bearing n. bearing designed to
absorb the radial forces acting on
a pump: OÅ bi thieát keá ñeå giaûm
löïc xuyeân taâm trong bôm
radial clearance n. =
tô
RADIAL PLAY: Khe hôû xuyeân
ô
taâm
ện
đi radial engine n. multi-cylinder
engine in which the cylinders
radiate from a central crankshaft:
Ñoäng cô hình sao
radial-flow pump n. end-
suction centrifugal pump with the
liquid flowing perpendicular to the
pump shaft: Bôm höôùng taâm.
radial play n. bearing clearance
in the radial direction: Khe hôû
baïc loùt theo höôùng taâm
radial runout n. variation in
the radius of the tyre tread from
the wheel axis, making the tyre no
longer truly round; one of the
main causes of vehicle vibration:
Ñoä ñaûo höôùng taâm.
radial shaft seal n. typical seal design
used to prevent leaks between
stationary parts and rotating shafts
and to exclude foreign matter: Caùi
phoát laøm kín truïc quay.
radial tyre n. tyre in which the plies
are placed radially, or
perpendicular to the rim, with a
circumferential belt on top of
radiator Radio Data System (RDS)

them; the rubber tread is the radiator grille; often combined

vulcanized on top of the belt and
plies: Voû xe coù boá quaán kieåu
höôùng taâm.
radiator n. liquid-to-air heat
exchanger that transfers engine
heat to the outside air; consists of
many thin-walled tubes with metal
cooling fins that draw off heat
from the liquid (predominantly
water) inside them: Boä taûn nhieät,
keùt nöôùc
radiator cap n. pressure cap at
the top of the radiator: Naép keùt
nöôùc
with the front apron to from a
single front panel: Ñöôøng vieàn
bao quanh væ keùt nöôùc
radiator hose n. rubber pipe
connecting the radiator to the
cylinder block: OÁng cao su meàm
daãn nöôùc töø keùt qua ñoäng cô vaø
ngöôïc laïi.
radiator hose shark tooth
pliers = special automotive tool
for removing and installing
radiator and heater hose; round
and toothed jaws securely grip the
hose whilts the handles provide

tô
radiator drain cock n. leverage to twist the hose free:

ô
ện
radiator tap; unlike the radiator Kìm boùp oáng keùt nöôùc
drain plug, tools are not required đi radiator support panel n.
o
tạ
to drain the coolant from a panel located behind the radiator
ào

radiator with a drain cock: Voøi xaû grille surround which provides a
-Đ

keùt nuôùc mounting for the radiator and

ng

radiator drain plug = connects the mudguard skirts at

ườ

threaded closure plug located at their front edge: Taám (giaù) ñôõ keùt
Tr

the underside of a radiator used to nöôùc.

n

drain the coolant; usually radiator tank n. reservoir containing

vă

equipped with a hex or Allen the coolant in a radiator: Bình

Lê

head: OÁc xaû keùt nöôùc nöôùc phuï

radiator fan n. (of water-cooled
engine) crankshaft-driven fan
connected via a temperature-
sensitive viscous coupling, or
driven by an electric motor: Quaït
laøm maùt keùt nöôùc
radiator fan motor = the contact points in the
electrically operated motor
responsible for driving the
radiator fan: Moâtô quaït keùt nöôùc
radiator grille n. grating that admits
cooling air to the radiator: Væ keùt
nöôùc
radiator grille surround n.
sheet metal panel for mounting
radio / cassette deck (r/c) n.
combined radio and tape deck:
Ngaên chöùa radio cassette.
radio choke n. electric coil
used to prevent static in the radio
caused by opening and closing of
instrument voltage regulator:
Cuoän daây choáng nhieãu.
Radio Data System (RDS) n.
system which interrupts a radio
broadcast with the latest
information on e. g. traffic
problems: Heä thoáng ngaét soùng
radio ñeå baùo keït xe.

274
radio frequency interference
radio frequency interference
(RFI) n. interference generated
by the ignition system and other
electrical apparatus; counteracted
by suppressors: Nhieãu radio do
soùng ñieän töø
radius arm or rod n. additional
suspension link in a beam axle
layout providing fore-and-aft
location of the axle: Thanh ñaåy
phuï cuûa heä thoáng treo (thanh
kim loaïi ñöôïc laép vaøo hai beân
caàu xe vaø söôøn xe ñeå giöõ ñuùng vò
trí naèm ngang cuûa caàu xe)
rain channel n. : Raõnh thoaùt nöôùc
möa.
rake (angle) n. angle of a slope, e.
g. caster angle: Goùc nghieâng
o
tạ
ramp n. (a) equipment used to
ào
support a vehicle's front or rear for
-Đ
underbody work: Con ñoäi cheát
ng
(b) device used to raise a vehicle
ườ
in the air: Caàu naâng.
Tr
2-post ramp / 4-post ramp:
n
Caàu naâng 2 truï / 4 truï
vă
ram pressure n. pressure generated
Lê
by the deflection of the fluid flow
due to the curvature of the stator
blades, resulting in a momentum
acting on the turbine: Aùp suaát taïo
ra do söï leäch höôùng doøng chaûy
(tuoácbin)
range-change n. = AUXILIARY
GEARBOX: Hoäp soá phuï
ratchet n. (a) toothed rack or wheel
which is engaged by a lever to
permit motion in one direction
only: Con coùc, baùnh coùc (chaïy 1
chieàu)
(b) drive handle with ratchet
mechanism that permits the socket
to rotate in one direction only, i. e.
275
Ravigneaux planetary gear set
the ratchet releases in one
direction, but catches in the other:
caàn sieát 2 chieàu.
ratchet adaptor = converts a
torque wrench or drive handle
without a ratchet mechanism into
a reversible ratchet tool: Boä phaän
chuyeån caàn sieát 1 chieàu thaønh 2
chieàu
ratchet handle = RATCHET:
Con coùc.
ratchet screwdriver =
screwdriver with ratchet
mechanism: Tua nô vít coù baùnh
coùc
tô
ô
rated capacity n. the quantity of
ện
electricity which can be drawn
đi from a fully charged-battery for
20 hours by a constant discharging
current until cutoff voltage of 1.75
volts per cell is reached: Dung
löôïng ñònh möùc cuûa aéc quy.
rated power n. the horsepower
(or kilowatt) power output of an
engine: Coâng suaát ra cuûa ñoäng
cô.
rated voltage n. the voltage
give for electrical equipment or
devices which refers to specified
operating conditions: Ñieän aùp
ñònh möùc.
rationalization n. industrial
reorganization primarily aimed at
a more cost-effective and time-
saving production process: Söï hôïp
lyù hoùa saûn xuaát
rat-tail file n. (informal) round file:
Giuõa troøn.
Ravigneaux planetary gear set n.
comprises two sun gears of
different diameters, one internal
gear, and several planet : Boä
raw exhaust gas
baùnh raêng haønh tinh
Ravigneaux.
raw exhaust gas n. exhaust gas
upstream of any emission control
device, e. g. before it passes
through a catalytic concerter: Khí
thaûi chöa xöû lí.
raw rubber n. natural rubber
which has been vulcanized: Cao
su thoâ
r/ c = RADIO / CASSETTE (DECK):
Ngaên chöùa radio casset.
RDS = RADIO DATA SYSTEM
reach n. (sparking plug) distance
from the sealing washer to the end
of the thread: Chieàu daøi ren ñaàu
bougie.
reaction distance n. the time needed
o
tạ
to respond to a situation,
ào
translated into the distance
-Đ
required for this, depending on the
ng
speed of travel; braking distance
ườ
plus reaction distance equals the
Tr
stopping distance: Thôøi gian ñaùp
n
öùng phanh
vă
reaction injection moulding (RIM)
Lê
n. processing technique for the
production of large foamed
(automotive) components, based
on the simultaneous injection of
the liquid components and the
chemical reaction in the mould:
Kyõ thuaät xöû lyù khi saûn xuaát
nhöõng chi tieát chaát deûo baèng
phöông phaùp eùp khuoân
reactive suspension n. =
ELECTRONIC RIDE CONTROL
reactor one-way clutch n. =
STATOR ROLLER CLUTCH
real-time four-wheel drive n.
automatic four-wheel drive
engagement by means of an
276
rear cabin pillar
electro-hydraulic clutch or a
viscous coupling incorporated in
the drive train: Truyeàn ñoäng 4
baùnh töï ñoäng qua ly hôïp ñieän-
thuyû löïc hoaëc khôùp nhôùt.
ream v. to enlarge (e. g. worn valve
guides) with a reamer: Khoan,
xoaùy roäng theâm
reamer n. conically or
cylindrically shaped tool with
longitudinally cut teeth for manual
or machine operation, used for
precision finishing of bores: Dao
xoaùy xy lanh
rear 1 n. the back: Phía sau, ñaèng
tô
sau
ô
ện
2 a. at the back: ÔÛ phía sau nhö
đi caàu sau, choã ngoài sau
rear apron = REAR
VALANCE
rear axle cross member n.
tubular frame member at the rear
of the body shell that incorporates
the mounting points for the rear
axle, e. g. on the VW Beetle and
the Porsch 911: Thanh ngang caàu
sau.
rear (axle) differential n.
differential situated in the final
drive of the transmission assembly
in a conventional rearwheel drive
car: Boä vi sai caàu sau
rear bulkhead n. vertical
panel across the width of the car
that extends behind the rear seat
backrest and separates the interior
from the trunk: Vaùch ngaên giöõa
gheá sau vaø ngaên ñeå ñoà
rear bumper skirt n. rear
bumper with integral skirt; a large
plastic mounting: Thanh caûn sau
rear cabin pillar n. C-
rear end
PILLAR: Truï ñôõ cabin phía sau
rear end n. the rear part of the
body shell, extending
approximately from the rear seat
pan to the rear apron of the
car,incorporating the boot floor:
Ñuoâi xe.
rear engine n. engine located
at the rear of a vehicle but outside
the wheelbase (i. e. behind rear
wheels): Ñoäng cô ñaët phía sau
rear fog light or lamp n. red
light of the same intensity as a
brake light: Ñeøn söông muø ñaèng
sau
rear-hinged door n. older type
of door construction that had the
hinges at the rear of the door:
Cöûa baûn leà phía sau
rear lamp cluster n. group of
-Đ
lights at the rear corner of a
ng
vehicle, commonly comprising:
ườ
tail lamp, brake lamp, reversing
Tr
lamp, rear fog lamp, reflector,
n
direction indicator: Cuïm ñeøn sau
vă
rear light surround
Lê
separate panel spot-welded at the
juncture between the trailing edge
of the rear wing and the rear
valance to provide a mounting
base for the rear lights: Ñöôøng
vieàn bao quanh ñeøn sau
rear numberplate light or
lamp n. while light illuminating
the rear nemberplate: Ñeøn baûng
soá phía sau xe
rear panel n. the panel of the
body shell set underneath the
bootlid; sometimes referred to as
the rear valance if the area below
the bootlid consists of a single
panel only that extends down to
rear valance
the bottom of the body; in many
designs, however, the rear
valance is a separate horizontal
panel that extends from the rear
bumper area downwards: Panoâ
phía sau.
(NOTE: US English is back
panel)
rear seat belt n. inertia reel belt
fitted at each end of the rear seats;
a passeng erriding in the middle of
the rear seats must be satisfied
with just a lap belt, which many
safety experts regard as
inadequate: Daây ñai an toaøn choã
tô
ngoài phía sau
ô
ện
rear side window n. may refer
đi to various types of side body
o
tạ
glass; the side window between
ào
the B- and C- posts of two-door
saloons, the rearmost side window
of estate cars between the C- and
D-post, i. e. behind the rear seat
backrest, and the third side
window found on some four-door
n. saloons behind the rear side
doors: Cöûa hoâng phía sau
rear spoiler n. aerofoil
mounted on the rear deck,
typically made of shock-resistant
polyurethane with paintable matt
black finish; effective only at high
speeds, but frequently used for the
sake of appearance: Thanh khí
ñoäng ôû ñuoâi xe
rear valance n. separate panel set
below the rear panel which
extends approximately from
behind the rear bumper
downwards to protect the rear end
from splashes of mud: Taám che
buøn sau.
277
rear-view mirror
rear-view mirror n. mirror that
enables the driver to see what is
behind him/her without turning
round: Göông chieáu haäu beân
trong
(NOTE: although all the driver's
mirrors are rear-view, this usually
refers to the interior mirror)
rear wash / wipe (system) n.
electrical system for cleaning the
rear window, comprising a water
pump, reservoir and wiper: Heä
thoáng gaït xòt nöôùc kính sau
rear-wheel drive (RWD) n.
configuration in which the rear
wheels of the vehicle are driven:
truyeàn ñoäng baùnh sau
rear-wheel drive transaxle =
o
tạ
rear-wheel drive construction
ào
incorporating a transmission-
-Đ
differential unit placed between
ng
the rear wheels of a front-engined
ườ
car: Transaxle (hoäp soá vaø caàu)
Tr
daønh cho xe caàu sau chuû ñoäng.
n
rear window n. central
vă
window at the rear of a vehicle:
Lê
Kính phía sau (NOTE: US
English is backlight)
rear window heating = heating
element that demists inside and
de-ices outside: Xoâng kính sau.
(NOTE: US English is backlight
heater system)
rear window louvers = plastic
molding attached to the rear
window which deflects sun rays to
keep the interior cool; usually
hinged to lift up for easy window
cleaning: Taám che naéng phía
sau.
rear wing n. body panel which
partially encloses a rear wheel:
278
receiver
Veø baùnh sau
reboard (system) n. child restraint
system typically installed
backwards on the front passenger
seat and having the benefit that
the child's relatively heavy head is
pressed into the back of the child
seat instead of being displaced
forward in a frontal: Gheá baûo veä
treû em ñaët ñoái dieän vôùi gheá haønh
khaùch tröôùc
rebore 1 n. regrinding cylinder
bores: Söï xoaùy laïi (xy lanh)
2 v. to regrind worn or damaged
cylinder bores before fitting
tô
oversize pistons: Xoaùy laïi xy lanh
ô
ện
rebound clip n. metal clip that holds
đi the leaves of a multi-leaf spring
together: Ngaøm nhíp
rebound stroke n. (shock
absorber) downstroke of a piston
in a spring damper : Haønh trình
ñi xuoáng cuûa piston trong boä
giaûm xoùc
rebuild v. to recondition: Taân trang,
laøm laïi maùy
rebuilt engine = engine
reassembled using either new
parts or reconditioned
components: phuïc hoài ñoäng cô.
recap (US and Australia) =
RETREAD: Loáp xe ñaép laïi (taân
trang voû xe)
receiver n. (a) (e. g. of radio remote
control system device that
receives incoming electrical or
radio signals: Boä phaän thu tín
hieäu trong ñieàu khieån töø xa
(NOTE: opposite is transmitter)
(b) (trailer towing) steel tubing
and channel structure that accepts
the ball-mount platform of a
receiver-drier
removable trailer coupler: Khôùp
noái rô mooùc
receiver-drier n. device on
the high side of an air-
conditioning system, somewhere
between the condenser and the
expansion valve, which stores
excess refrigerant and removes
moisture from the refrigerant;
consists of a tank, a filter, a drying
agent, a pick-up tube, and, on
some units, a sight glass: Loïc ga
(trong heä thoáng laïnh)
recessed spark position n. position
where the spark gap is actually in
the shell of the sparking plug;
used for racing and special
engines: Vò trí tia löûa ngang
trong loaïi bougie ñaëc bieät cho xe
ñua
-Đ
rechargeable battery n.
ng
STORAGE BATTERY: Pin saïc
ườ
reciprocating compressor n. a
Tr
positive displacement compressor
n
with reciprocating pistons; rarely
vă
used for supercharging, more
Lê
frequently used for air
conditioning: Maùy neùn coù pittoâng
chuyeån ñoäng tònh tieán
reciprocating engine
engine with a piston that moves to
and fro, coming to a standstill at
each reversal: Ñoäng cô coù
pittoâng chuyeån ñoäng tònh tieán
reciprocating pump n. =
PISTON CHARGING PUMP:
Bôm pittoâng chuyeån ñoäng tònh
tieán
recirculating ball steering n. special
version of the worm-and-nut
steering in which ball bearings
circulate between nut and worm to
red lead
reduce friction: Heä thoáng laùi coù
baùnh vít vaø ñai oác di chuyeån aên
khôùp vôùi nhau, giöõa coù bi di
chuyeån
reconditioned engine or (informal)
recon n. worn engine that has
been given a new lease of life by
reboring the cylinders, regrinding
the crankshaft journals and
generally replacing anyworn or
damaged parts: Ñoäng cô ñaõ ñaïi tu
recreational vehicle (RV) n. any
vehicle used for pleasure rather
than business or transport (e. g.
dune buggies): Xe phuïc vuï giaûi
tô
trí
ô
ện
rectangular-section ring n.
đi compression ring with a
o
tạ
rectangular cross-section:
ào
Xeùcmaêng coù maët caét hình chöõ
= nhaät
rectangular headlamp n.
modern shape of headlamp as
opposed to the traditional circular
headlamp: Ñeøn ñaàu hình chöõ
nhaät
rectifier diode n. (in alternator)
semiconductor diode that converts
alternating current to direct
n. current: Ñioât chænh löu
rectifier pack n. (of alternator)
diode heat sink with diodes: Væ
taûn nhieät boä chænh löu.
recycling car n. a car built with
recycled materials and designed
so as to facilitate recycling: Xe
cheá taïo baèng vaät lieäu taùi cheá
red lead n. poisonous, bright-red
powder, soluble in excess glacial
acetic acid and dilute hydrochloric
acid; used for corrosion
protection: Oxit chì maøu ñoû duøng
279
red line
ñeå sôn loùt.
red line n. on a tachometer, the top
speed range which is marked red
as sign of excssive engine
speeds:Möùc baùo ñoäng vöôït quaù
toác ñoä cho pheùp treân ñoàng hoà
toác ñoä ñoäng cô.
reducer n. solvent used to dilute
synthetic enamels but not
compatible with lacquer paints:
Chaát taåy men toång hôïp
reducing agent n. (in chemical
reactions) material which adds
electrons to an element or
compound, i. e. which increases
the positiveness of its valence:
Chaát khöû
reducing catalyst n. a catalyst
o
tạ
such as rhodium which converts
ào
nitrogen oxides into harmless
-Đ
nitrogen and oxygen in a reducing
ng
catalytic converter: Chaát xuùc taùc
ườ
khöû oxyt nitô trong boä xuùc taùc
Tr
reducing furnace n. section in
n
continuous galvanizing lines in
vă
which the oxygen content of steel
Lê
surfaces is reduced at 900 - 980
°C by means of hydrogen: Loø
giaûm haøm löôïng oxy treân beà maët
theùp baèng hydro trong daây
chuyeàn maï
reduction n. chemical reaction
in which an element gains
electrons, i. e. , has an increase in
positive valence: Söï khöû.
reduction gearbox n. gearbox
located at the wheels, which
reduces the drive speed and may
also increase ground clearance;
often found on 4wd off-road
vehicles: Hoäp soá giaûm toác
reed n. part of reed valve made of
280
reference mark sensor
flexible steel, or of glass fibre
reinforced resin, attached to the
valve case and normally closed:
Löôõi gaø (trong van löôõi gaø)
reed stop n. component of a reed
valve used to limit upward travel
of the reed: Beä löôõi gaø (giôùi haïn
haønh trình löôõi gaø)
reed valve n. control element which
allows the passage of an operating
medium into or out of a chamber:
Van löôõi gaø.
reed valve induction timing =
using a reed valve located in the
intake system to control induction
tô
timing: Ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm huùt
ô
ện
baèng van löôõi gaø.
đi
reface v. general term for
reconditioning of the interface
between valves and their seats in
the cylinder head; depending on
valve seat condition, refacing may
involve lapping, grinding or
cutting: Raø laïi, maøi laïi ñeá suù paùp.
reference ignition pattern n.
oscilloscope pattern of an intact
ignition system for comparison
purposes: Daïng xung chuaån ñaùnh
löûa vít duøng ñeå so saùnh.
reference input n. in closed-
loop control, the reference input is
fed to a controller that changes a
controlled variable in a controlled
system to achieve a certain output
condition or actual value: Giaù trò
so saùnh (ñieàu khieån kín)
reference mark sensor n.
magnetic pick-up attached to the
flywheel for sensing the
crankshaft position and
transferring the signal to the
electronic control unit, which
reference temperature
calculates the ignition point; the
reference mark sensor scans a pin
or a hole in the flywheel and
produces one output signal per
crankshaft revolution: Caûm bieán
vò trí truïc khuyûu (thöôøng naèm
treân baùnh ñaø)
reference temperature n. the
temperature at which measuring
tools and pieces being worked on
must have the specified
measurements unless the contrary
is expressly stated: Nhieät ñoä
chuaån ñeå so saùnh.
refinish system n. complete
product lines and product support
offered by many paint
manufacturers for respray
o
tạ
operations in body shops; these
ào
onclude all materials from primers
-Đ
and thinners to the topcoat plus
additional respray products; all
ng
ườ
products are matched for optimum
Tr
results: Cuïm daây chuyeàn sôn
n
reflectance n. ratio of reflected
vă
luminous flux to that reflected
Lê
from an ideal, perfectly reflecting
surface when similarly
illuminated: Heä soá phaûn xaï aùnh
saùng
reflector n. (a) part of a
headlamp which receives light
from the bulb and reflects it back
through the lens: Choùa ñeøn pha
(b) part of a rear lamp cluster
which reflects the light from
headlamps behind: Taám phaûn
chieáu aùnh saùng ôû ñuoâi xe
refrigerant n. (in air-conditioning
sustems) substance used in
refrigerating systems; automotive
air conditioners now use non-
281
registration
Freon systems as well as the
refrigerant R-12 (Freon) as a heat
transfer medium: Moâi chaát laøm
laïnh, laõnh chaát
refrigerant accumulator =
ACCUMULATOR-DRIER: Loïc
ga
refrigeration cycle n. (in air-
conditioning systems) refrigerant
in vapour from is pressurized in
the compressor, air-cooled in the
condenser and becomes a liquid
which passes through the
receiver-drier into low-pressure
liquid. It then flows through the
tô
evaporator where it expands again
ô
ện
and starts to boil, absorbing heat
đi from the core and cooling the air
going into the passenger
compartment. The compressor
draws off the low-pressure
vaporized refrigerant and recyles
it: Chu trình laøm laïnh
regenerative braking n. system in
which an electric motor can be
switched to generator mode when
braking, so that the kinetic energy
involved may be stored in the
battery: Haõm ñieän ñoäng cho
ñoäng cô ñieän (bieán thaønh maùy
phaùt luùc haõm)
register (with) v. to align with:
Thaúng haøng
registered keeper n. the person who
keeps the car. i. e. who is
registered and pays tax (and
insurance) for the car; not
necessarily the same as the owner
or the driver: Ngöôøi ñaêng kyù xe
registration n. act of entering
the details of a new vehicle in a
supervised record: Söï ñaêng kyù (oâ
registration document
toâ)
registration document =
papers giving details of a vehicle,
including its manufacturer, date of
registration, engine and chassis
numbers, and owner's name: Theû
ñaêng boä xe
registration number = unique
sequence of letters and numbers
assigned to a vehicle when it is
registered, usually indicating the
year and place of registration,
displayed on numberplates on the
front and rear of the vehicle: Soá
ñaêng kyù xe
registration plate
NUMBERPLATE: Baûng soá ñaêng
kyù xe
regrind 1 v. to smooth and polish
again (e. g. valve seats): Maøi laïi
-Đ
regulated proportioning valve n. =
ng
LOAD-SENSITIVE
ườ
PROPORTIONING VALVE: Van
Tr
phaân phoái theo taûi
n
regulator n. any device which
vă
controls fluid flow, pressure,
Lê
temperature, voltage, etc.: Boä
ñieàu chænh
reinforce v. to increase the strength
of plastics by filling them with
whiskers of glass, metal, fibres,
etc.: Gia coá, taêng cöôøng.
relative humidity (RH)
dimensionless ratio of the actual
vapour pressure of the air to the
saturation vapour pressure: Ñoä
aåm töông ñoái
relay n. (a) automatic device which
controls the setting of a valve,
switch, etc. by means of an
electric motor, solenoid, or
pneumatic mechanism: Rô le töï
reline
ñoäng
(b) (electronics) electrical device
in which a small change in current
or voltage controls the switching
on or off of circuits or other
devices: Rô le
release agent n. a substance to
prevent a moulding, i. e. a GRP
part, from sticking to the mould
and to facilitate its removal from
the mould; as opposed to release
wax, this is marketed in liquid
form only: Chaát röûa khuoân
release bearing n. =
CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING:
tô
= Baïc ñaïn taùch ly hôïp (pich teâ)
ô
ện
release button n. button at the
đi end of the handbrake lever which,
o
tạ
when depressed, allows the pawl
ào
to be released from the ratchet:
nuùt nhaû phanh tay
release lever n. = CLUTCH
RELEASE LEVER: Caàn taùch ly
hôïp
release wax see RELEASE
AGENT
releasing fluid n. penetrating
oil for loosening seized parts: Daàu
duøng ñeå laøm loûng chi tieát bò dính
do gæ seùt
relief passage n. = BYPASS:
Ñöôøng voøng, ñöôøng reõ.
n. relief valve n. (a) =
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE:
Van giaûm aùp
(b) valve in the air pump of an air
injection system which dumps part
of the air at high pump speeds to
prevent pump damage; may be
combined with the air gulp valve:
Van an toaøn
reline v. to replace the brake shoes
282
reluctor
in drum brakes: Thay boá phanh
troáng (phanh)
reluctor n. (magnetic pick-up
assembly) = TRIGGER WHEEL:
Rotor, baùnh raêng trong caûm
bieán ñieän töø.
remote control n. (a) control of
something from a distance: Söï
ñieàu khieån töø xa
(b) the device used for this: Thieát
bò duøng ñeå ñieàu khieån töø xa
remote-control locking = sometimes also used to denote a
central locking operated by a
remote control from outside the
car: Khoùa ñieàu khieån töø xa
remote starter switch n.
special automotive tool that allows
the ignition switch to be bypassed
o
tạ
for cranking the engine: Coâng taéc
ào
ñeå khôûi ñoäng töø xa.
-Đ
remould v. & n. = RETREAD: Ñaép
ng
laïi loáp xe
ườ
removable rim n. = DETACHABLE
Tr
RIM: Vaønh baùnh coù theå thaùo rôøi
n
vă
repair v. & n. 1 v. mending
something which is broken or has
Lê
been damaged: Söûa chöõa
2 n. to restore something to
working condition, e. g. by
reconditioning, rebuilding,
replacing: Söï söûa chöõa.
repair kit = kit for the overhaul
of parts such as carburettors,
generators, pumps, universal
joints, etc.: nguyeân cuïm vaät tö ñeå
ñaïi tu ñoäng cô.
repair section = special panel
supplied for body repairs that does
not include the full panel used for
assembling the car but only the
most vulnerable areas; i. e. for
wings, separate repair sections are
283
research octane number (RON)
supplied for the headlamp area
and the bottom wing edges, where
damage usually occurs: Nhöõng boä
phaän rôøi ñeå söûa chöõa phaàn thaân
xe.
repeater (lamp) n. direction
indicator on the side of a vehicle:
Ñeøn xi nhan(baùo reõ) beân hoâng
xe.
replacement panel n. body panel
supplied for repair purposes;
repair section: Taám khung ñeå
thay theá.
replacement vehicle n. a car
tô
lent by a dealer to a customer
ô
ện
while the customer's car is under
đi repair: Xe garage cho möôïn
chaïy taïm khi söûa chöõa xe khaùch
haøng
replenishing port n. port in the
master cylinder body which
connects the fluid reservoir to the
annulus of the primary piston: Loã
cung caáp trong xylanh caùi cuûa
heä thoáng phanh.
replica or reproduction panel n. =
PATTERN PANEL
rep mobile n. (informal) car used by
a sales representative: Xe cuûa ñaïi
lyù baùn haøng.
required ignition voltage n.
maximum high voltage required to
produce a spark under particular
conditions: Hieäu ñieän theá ñaùnh
löûa.
RES (on cruise control, short for)
resume preset cruising speed: Nuùt
nhaán ñeå quay laïi toác ñoä ñaõ chaïy
(ga töï ñoäng)
research octane number (RON) n.
fuel octane rating determined by
reseat
the research octane test, one of
many test procedures: Chæ soá
oâctan nghieân cöùu
reseat v. to recut a valve seat after
repeated grinding-in has worn it
out of shape: Laøm laïi beä xuùpaùp
môùi.
reserve capacity n. the time, in
minutes, a battery can maintain a
discharge rate of 25 amps: Dung
löôïng döï tröõ cuûa aéc quy tính
baèng phuùt khi phoùng doøng 25 A
reservoir n. (a) any container filled
with fluid: Thuøng chöùa, bình
chöùa (chaát loûng)
(b) (double-tube shock absorber)
the space between the outer and
inner tubes of a double-tube shock
absorber which takes up the oil
squeezed out of the working
-Đ
chamber corresponding to the
ng
volume of the piston rod
ườ
immersed in the working
Tr
chamber: Ngaên chöùa daàu trong
n
oáng nhuùn keùp
vă
reshaping n. panel beating process
Lê
for removing dents: the panel is
brought roughly into its original
shape before detailed work is
performed in the finishing stage;
may also refer to the process of
forming a panel from sheet steel:
Goø laïi
residual check valve n.
RESIDUAL PRESSURE VALVE:
Van aùp suaát dö
residual exhaust gases n.
exhaust gas remaining the
cylinder of a two-stroke engine
after the exhaust ports have been
closed, i. e. these gases have not
been scavenged: Khí thaûi soùt
resistor sparking plug
trong xy lanh (2 kyø)
residual pressure valve n.
valve mounted in the cylinder
outlet between piston and brake
lines of drum brake circuits;
maintains a certain minimum
pressure in the system; disc brakes
do not require a residual pressure
valve: Van aùp suaát dö
resin n. synthetic, usually organic,
material with a polymeric
structure which, especially after
having been treated with
plasticizer, stabilizer, etc.,
becomes hard when dry: Nhöïa
tô
resistance thermometer n. an
ô
ện
electrical temperature sensor
đi which, in contrast to a
o
thermocouple, needs an external
tạ
ào
voltage supply; the actual sensing
element is a resistor whose
resistance is an accurate
indication of temperature: Caûm
bieán nhieät ñieän trôû
resistance welding n. a fusion
welding method using electric
current and pressure; includes
spot, seam, projection, and butt
welding: Kyõ thuaät haøn baám.
resistivity n. ability of a
material not to conduct electricity:
Ñieän trôû suaát (NOTE: opposite is
conductivity)
= resistor n. component that
reduces the current in an electrical
circuit: Ñieän trôû
resistor sparking plug =
sparking plug containing a resistor
to suppress interference with
audio-visual reception: Ñieän trôû
ñaët trong bougie (ñeå choáng
nhieãu)
284
restorator
resonator n. (a) any device that
attenuates pressure spikes: Boä
phaän giaûm dao ñoäng aùp suaát
(b) first silencer in a two-silencer
system: OÁng poâ thöù nhaát (loaïi 2
poâ noái tieáp)
respray v. & n. (to add) a coat (or
several coats) of paint to the
existing finish: Phun sôn laïi (v.),
söï phun sôn laïi (n.)
(NOTE: It is notoriously difficult
to match the colour of a resprayed
panel to that of the original
paintwork)
restoration n. any extensive repair
work that is not limited to standard
reconditioning but is of far greater
scope, including remanufacture of
o
tạ
certain parts, stripping to the last
ào
nut and bolt and verification of
-Đ
each and every component: Söï
ng
taân trang xe.
ườ
restraint system n. general term for
Tr
occupant safety systems such as
n
seat belts, belt tensioners, air
vă
bags, child seats, etc.: Heä thoáng
Lê
an toaøn cho ngöôøi söû duïng xe.
restrictor n. = NOZZLE
RETRICTOR
resurfacing n. if the cylinder head is
warped due to thermal
differences, its mating surface will
have to be machined to ensure
firstly that a level surface is
created and secondly that the
engine's compression ratio is not
increased to above a tolerable
value: Söï raø laïi beà maët naép maùy.
retainer (pin) n. = PAD
RETAINER (PIN): Choát haõm.
retainer plate n. plate which
prevents a value from sliding out
285
retread
of its bore: Ñóa giöõ.
retainer spring tool n. special
automotive tool used on drum
brakes for restraining the shoe
retaining springs for removal and
installation; comes in a variety of
shapes, e. g. as a screwdriver-type
tool with a special socket end to
trip retaining washers: Duïng cuï
keïp loø xo söû duïng ñeå thaùo laép
phanh loaïi tang troáng.
retard v. (ignition timing) to cause
the spark to occur later: Treã,
muoän.
(NOTE: opposite is advance)
tô
retarded a. occurring late:
ô
ện
xaûy ra treã, muoän.
đi (NOTE: opposite is advanced)
retarder n. (a) additive to
decrease the evaporation rate of a
thinner or reducer in paint; used to
improve viscosity in hot weather:
phuï gia laøm chaäm söï boác hôi cuûa
chaát pha sôn
(b) auxiliary brake used on
commercial vehicles and coaches
(it is a requirement in some EU
countries): Phanh phuï.
retract v. to draw back, pull back or
rewind: Xeáp laïi, ruùt laïi, co laïi.
retractable aerial =
telescopic aerial: Anten xeáp.
retractable headlights =
concealed headlights: Ñeøn ñaàu
xeáp ñöôïc.
retractor n. (seat belt) device
which locks the reel of a seat belt
when the forward acceleration of
the occupants exceeds a certain
value: Cô caáu ruùt daây ñai an
toaøn.
retread 1 v. to attach a new tread to
retrofit
a used tyre by vulcanization: Ñaép
laïi loáp xe
2 n. (informal) a retreaded tyre:
Loáp xe ñaép laïi
(NOTE: called recap in the USA
and Australia)
retrofit v. to equip a vehicle with new
parts after manufacture: Trang bò
theâm nhöõng boä phaän môùi treân
xe sau khi mua
rev (short for) revolution: Soá
voøng quay, toác ñoä ñoäng cô
rev counter n. (informal)
tachometer: Ñoàng hoà ño toác ñoä
ñoäng cô
reverse 1 v. to drive backwards: Laùi
luøi laïi, de xe.
(NOTE: US English is to back up)
o
tạ
2 n. (short for) reverse gear (R):
ào
Soá luøi
-Đ
reverse clutch n. clutch which
ng
couples the components of
ườ
planetary gear sets or trains in
Tr
such a way that the vehicle can be
n
vă
driven backwards: Ly hôïp soá luøi
Lê
reverse-flow scavenging n.
scavenging system for two-stroke
engines in which a cylinder has
two pairs of transfer ports, at the
front and rear respectively, with
two exhaust ports located on
either side of the two pairs of
transfer ports; the incoming
streams of mixture spread out like
a fan, are deflected downward and
expel the spent gases: Söï ñoåi
chieàu cuûa doøng khí queùt (2 kyø)
reverse (gear) n. very low
gear for driving backwards,
denoted by the letter R on a gear
knob or gear selector: Soá luøi R
reverse inhibitor valve = valve
286
rhodium
which prevents the engagement of
the reverse clutch in automatic
transmissions if the vehicle road
speed exceeds 10 km/h: Van caét
ly hôïp soá luøi trong hoäp soâ töï
ñoäng khi toác ñoä lôùn hôn 10km/h.
reversible (gear) puller n.
puller with two or more reversible
jaws, allowing it to be used for
inside and outside pulling: Caõo
nhieàu raêng
reversing light n. light at the
rear of a vehicle which comes on
automatically when reverse gear
is engaged and illuminates the
tô
road behind the vehicle: Ñeøn luøi
ô
ện
(NOTE: US English is back-up
đi light)
reversing warning signal =
beeper alarm that sounds when a
commercial vehicle engages
reversegear: Tín hieäu baùo luøi xe.
(NOTE: US English is back-up
alarm)
rev limiter n. = ENGINE SPEED
LIMITER: Boä phaän giôùi haïn toác
ñoä ñoäng cô
revolution counter n. (a)
tachometer, which measures the
engine speed in rpm (b) counter
which counts the total revolutions
of a shaft (as opposed to rpm):
Ñoàng hoà ghi soá voøng quay
revolutions per minute (rpm)
n. number of times the crankshaft
turns in one minute: Soá voøng quay
trong moät phuùt
RFI = RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE
RFI suppressed sparking
plugs = fully shielded and
resistor parking plugs: Bougie
RH
choáng gaây nhieãu voâ tuyeán.
RH = RELATIVE HUMIDITY: Ñoä
aåm töông ñoái.
RIGHT HAND: ÔÛ beân tay phaûi
RHD = RIGHT-HAND
DRIVE: Xe tay laùi nghòch.
rheostat n. resistor with variable
resistance: Bieán trôû
rhodium n. a silver-white noble
metal in the platinum family;
atomic number 45, atomic weight
102.905; used in
thermocouplesand, together with
other platinum metals, as a
catalyst in catalytic converters:
Chaát Roñi (hoùa hoïc)
rib n. (a) structural member for
reinforcing bodywork: thanh gia
o
tạ
coá khung xe
ào
(b) ridge on the sidewall of a tyre
-Đ
to protect it from damage on
ng
impact with the kerb: Gaân, gôø voû
ườ
xe.
Tr
rich a. of an air / fuel mixture that
n
has more petrol than normal:
vă
Giaøu (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí).
Lê
(NOTE: opposite is lean)
rich mixture = a mixture with
more fuel than can be burned by
the oxygen contained in the air /
fuel charge: Hoãn hôïp hoøa khí
giaøu xaêng
(NOTE: opposite is lean mixture)
ride n. degree of comfort, especially
with regard to the suspension,
experienced by the passengers:
Söï rung xoùc cuûa xe maø haønh
khaùch caûm nhaän.
ride height n. = GROUND
CLEARANCE: Khoaûng saùng
gaàm xe.
rideheight adjuster =
287
rim
GROUND CLEARANCE
CONTROL
ride levelling n. =
AUTOMATIC LEVEL
CONTROL (SYSTEM)
ridge n. (a) the cutting edge of a
screw thread (surmounting the
flanks): Ñænh ren.
(b) (in wheel rims) = HUMP: Caùi
gôø , caùi böôùu cuûa nieàng baùnh xe.
right-hand drive (RHD) n. steering
system in which the steering
wheel is located on the right-hand
side of the vehicle; used for
driving on the left, as in the UK,
tô
Japan, Australia, etc.: Xe tay laùi
ô
ện
nghòch.
đi (NOTE: opposite is left-hand
drive)
right-hand thread n. thread
which will accept a nut turned
clockwise: Ren thuaän, ren phaûi.
rigid a. inflexible, without any
flexural or elastic characteristic:
Cöùng, khoâng meàm deûo.
rigid axle = rear axle which
may be either live (in rear-wheel
drive cars) or dead (in front-wheel
drive cars): Truïc cöùng, caàu bò
ñoäng.
RIM = REACTION INJECTION
MOULDING
rim n. (a) the part of a wheel that
connects the wheel disc with the
tyre; its basic purpose is to
provide support to the lower
sidewall: Nieàng baùnh xe
(b) (bodywork repair) the outer
edge of a dented area that is heat
shrunk towards the centre of the
dent: Vieàn xung quanh choã moùp
khi haøn
rim designation
rim designation n. the nominal rim
diameter, nominal rim width and
any abbreviations and codes for
the contour of the rim: Thoâng soá
nieàng baùnh xe
rim diameter n. the distance
between the intersection of the
bead seats and the vertical walls
of the rim flanges: Ñöôøng kính
nieàng
rim flange n. the part of a rim
that supports the tyre bead in a
lateral direction; the linear
distance between the two rim
flanges is termed rim width: Meùp
vaønh baùnh xe
rim ridge n. = HUMP: Voøng
gaân vaønh baùnh xe
o
tạ
rim size n. comprises the rim
ào
width and rim diameter and is
-Đ
measured in inches: Kích côõ
ng
nieàng
ườ
rim type n. depending on the
Tr
type of tyre, rim types differ
n
according to the rim profile and
vă
the number of rim parts: Kieåu,
Lê
loaïi nieàng
rim width n. the nominal distance
between the rim flanges: Beà
ngang vaønh baùnh xe
ring belt n. the lands and rings
of a piston: Vuøng ñaàu piston
ring expander n. = PISTON
RING PLIERS: Kìm thaùo xeùc-
maêng
ring gap n. the gap between
the piston ring ends with the
piston installed in the bore: Khe
hôû mieäng xeùc-maêng
ring gear n. (a) = ANNULUS
GEAR (b) = CROWN WHEEL
(c) toothed rim of a flywheel
288
road test
which engages the pinion of the
starter motor: Voøng raêng baùnh ñaø
ring spanner n. spanner
whose head fits completely round
a nut: Chìa khoùa voøng.
rivet n. short metal pin with a head at
one end, for joining two or more
pteces together; a second head is
formed at the other end by
hammering it flat, to secure the
connection: Ñinh taùn
rivet gun or riveter = tool
with pliers-like handles and nose
oiece to insert rivets; used, for
example, in body repair work to
tô
rivet sheet metal material
ô
ện
together: Suùng baén ñinh taùn
đi
road-draft tube n. US = OIL
BREATHER PIPE: OÁng thoâng
hôi daàu.
road fund licence n. licence
showing that road tax has been
paid: Giaáy ñoùng leä phí caàu
ñöôøng.
road hog n. (informal) a
selfish, often aggressive driver:
Ngöôøi laùi xe baït maïng
road speed n. vehicle speed
along a road, measured in mph or
km/h: Toác ñoä xe ñöôøng tröôøng.
roadster n. open two-seater with a
folding top made of unlined
canvas: Loaïi xe mui traàn, hai
choã ngoài.
road tax n. annual tax paid in order
to use a vehicle on the roads:
Thueá caàu ñöôøng.
road test n. (a) a test to check
that a car is roadworthy after
repair: Kieåm tra xe baèng caùch
chaïy thöû treân ñöôøng sau khi söûa
chöõa
road-test
(b) a test of a car (e. g. a new
model) in actual use; for example,
by a magazine for comparison
with other models: Thöû xe môùi ñeå
kieåm tra tính naêng söû duïng.
road-test v. to give a vehicle a
road test: Kieåm tra xe treân
ñöôøng tröôøng
road train n. several linked
trailers pulled by a large truck;
common in Australia for
transporting stock: xe ñaàu keùo
nhieàu rô mooc.
roadworthiness n. being fit to
be driven on the roads: Söï thích
hôïp ñeå chaïy treân moät ñöôøng
tröôøng (cuûa moät chieác xe)
robot spraying n. application of paint
o
tạ
by robots: Ngöôøi maùy phun sôn
ào
rocker (arm) n. lever which rotates
-Đ
around a shaft pushing down
ng
(opening) the valve with one end
ườ
while the other end is pushed up
Tr
by the pushrod; the valve is closed
n
again by spring pressure: Caàn
vă
ñaåy, coø moå (suù paùp)
Lê
rocker arm shaft = shaft on
which the rocker arm pivots: Truïc
caàn ñaåy (coø moå)
rocker box or rocker cover n.
cylinder head cover above the
valve train: Naép daøn coø xuùpaùp.
(NOTE: US English is valve
cover)
rocker cover gasket = gasket
between the cylinder head and the
rocker cover; usually either a flat
paper or cork gasket or an O-ring:
Ñeäm kín naép daøn coø xuùpaùp.
rocker panel n. = SILL:
Ngöôõng cöûa.
rocker shaft n. the outgoing
289
roller chain
shaft of the steering gearbox, to
which the drop arm is connected:
Truïc reõ quaït
(NOTE: US English is cross-
shaft)
roll (angle) n. angular displacement
of a vehicle about its longitudinal
axis, i. e. tendency of a vehicle to
heel over when cornering or in
high cross winds: Goùc laên, goùc
quay (xe)
roll axis n. axis through the
front and rear roll centres: Truïc
laên
roll bar n. strong, tubular bar
tô
ô
which reinforces the roof of a car,
ện
especially one used for occupants
đi if the car should overturn: Thanh
laên
roll centre n. the theoretical
point between the front wheels or
back wheels about which the car
body rolls when cornering; any
centrifugal force causes the body
to rotate about the roll centre: taâm
quay
roller n. non-spherical rolling
element in a roller bearing: Con
laên, bi ñuõa
roller bearing = antifriction
bearing with non-spherical rolling
elements: OÅ bi ñuõa.
roller cage = cage containing
the rollers in a roller bearing: reá
bi ñuõa.
Roller n. (informal) = ROLLS-
ROYCE: Hieäu xe Rolls- Royce.
roller cell pump n. = ROLLER-
VANE PUMP: Bôm caùnh con laên
roller chain n. power-
transmitting chain in which each
link consists of two free-moving
roller dynamometer
rollers located by pins connected
to sideplates: Daây xích con laên.
roller dynamometer n.
dynamometer attached to a rolling
road: Baêng thöû coâng suaát baèng
con laên.
roller tappet n. connecting
link between the lower end of a
pushrod and the camshaft,
equipped with one roller to roduce
the friction between the pushrod
or tappet and the cam during
engine operation: Con ñoäi laên
giöõa ñuõa suù paùp vaø truïc cam.
roller-vane pump n. rotary
vane pump with rollers as
pumping elements which slide
against the pump body when the
rotor rotates: Bôm caùnh con laên
rolling bearing n.
-Đ
ANTIFRICTION BEARING
ng
rolling circumference n. the
ườ
circumference of a loaded tyre:
Tr
Veát laên cuûa baùnh xe khi coù taûi
n
rolling friction n. frictional
vă
resistance to rotation in rolling
Lê
bearings: Ma saùt laên
rolling radius n. radius of a
loaded tyre from its axis to the
centre of the contactpatch: Baùn
kính laên
rolling resistance n. resistance
to motion offered by tyres on a
flat road surface, attributable
mainly to rolling and mechanical
friction and dependant on tyre
design, pressure and load; over
50mph, air resistance becomes
more important: Löïc caûn laên
rolling road n. rollers set in the
floor of a garage, turning or
inspection centre and designed to
roof brace
simulate road conditions; the
rollers can be driven by the
driving wheels of a car and
connected to a dynamometer for
testing the power output of an
engine or may be independently
powered, e. g. to test the brakes:
Con laên trong baêng thöû coâng
suaát, thöû phanh.
roll oversteer n. oversteer caused by
roll when cornering: Quay voøng
thöøa do laên (xoay)
(NOTE: opposite is roll
understeer)
roll resistance or roll stiffness n.
tô
(chassis) resistance of a vehicle
ô
ện
body to rolling, which depends on
đi the stiffness of the suspension
o
tạ
springs and anti-roll bar: Khaû
ào
= naêng choáng laät.
roll test n. serves to test-drive train
functions; may include separate
tests for front and rear axle, left-
and right-hand sides, noise test;
typical duration is two minutes:
Kieåm tra söï laên
roll understeer n. understeer caused
by roll when cornering: Quay
voøng thieáu do laên
(NOTE: opposite is roll
oversteer)
RON = RESEARCH OCTANE
NUMBER
roo bar (Australian for) NERF BAR:
Thanh ñôõ va (thanh caûn tröôùc)
roof box n. enclosed, multi-purpose
roof carrier: Mui xe ña naêng.
roof brace n. transverse rail
that supports the roof panel; there
are usually several roof braces:
Truï choáng mui xe.
290
root panel
roof panel n. the horizontal
outer layer of the sheet metal roof
panels that is spot-welded along
its edges to the top of the roof,
door and screen pillars: Mui xe
roof rack n. luggage rack on
the roof of a vehicle: Khung ñeå
chôû haønh lyù gaén treân noùc xe
roof rail n. longitudinal side
member above the doors to which
the roof panel is attached: Thanh
ñôõ mui xe.
(NOTE: also called cantrail)
room temperature vulcanizing
(RTV) sealer n. semi-liquid,
silicone rubber sealant which is
proof against oil and water but not
petrol: roong loûng
o
tạ
root n. lowest point of a screw
ào
thread: Chaân ren
-Đ
(NOTE: opposite is crest)
ng
Roots compressor or supercharger
ườ
n. typical lobe-type positive
Tr
displacement compressor; uses
n
two two-lobed or three-lobed
vă
internal rotors phased to prevent
Lê
clashing of the lobes by gears;
normally driven from the
crankshaft by toothed or V-belts,
can achieve speeds up to 10,000
rpm; provides low-end torque and
boost without lag but is less fuel-
efficient than a turbocharger:
Bôm taêng naïp, bôm Root
rotary disc valve n. valve employed
as an inlet control in modern two-
stroke engines, consisting of a thin
steel disc attached to one end of
the crankshaft: Van ñóa quay (2
kyø)
rotary (piston) engine n. an engine
which uses no reciprocating
291
rotor
pistons; instead, triangular rotors
revolve in specially shaped
housings; the Wankel engine is
the only type of rotary engine at
present in production: Ñoäng cô coù
pittoâng quay troøn, ñoäng cô
Wankel
rotary pump n. pump with
rotating members: Bôm quay
troøn
rotary valve n. engine or pump
component forming part of a
rotating assembly; may be
designed as a cylindrical or a disc
valve: Van quay
tô
rotary vane pump n. =
ô
ện
VANE PUMP: Bôm caùnh quaït
đi
rotation n. motion of a body about an
axis within the body: Söï xoay
voøng quanh truïc
roto cap n. device fitted to some
engines which turns a valve
slightly every time it opens or
closes, to prevent the valve
sticking or burning: Cô caáu xoay
suù paùp (NOTE: also called valve
rotator)
Rotoflex coupling n. one design of a
flexible coupling in the shape of a
hexagonal rubber ring: Khôùp noái
Rotoflex.
rotor n. (a) any component which
rotates: Boä phaän quay
(b) rotating part of an electrical
machine, such as the armature of
a starter motor: Phaàn quay cuûa
maùy ñieän, rotor
(c) rotating part of the distributor,
which distributes the high voltage
to the individual sparking plugs; in
older systems an oblong shape, in
breakerless distributor system
rotor arm
usually a disc: Con quay, moû
queït (trong delco)
(d) in an alternator, the rotating
pole pieces with the
electromagnetic winding, which
create a rotating magnetic field
whose lines of force cut the
stationary conductors in the stator;
usually of claw-pole design: Phaàn
quay cuûa maùy phaùt, rotor
(e) rotating displacement element
of a rotary pump, such as a gear,
screw, piston, etc.: Chi tieát quay
cuûa bôm quay
(f) moving part of a pulse
generator: Phaàn quay cuûa caûm
bieán ñieän töø
(NOTE: opposite is stator)
o
tạ
(g) rotating element of a Roots
ào
supercharger: Phaàn quay cuûa
-Đ
bôm taêng aùp kieåu Root
ng
rotor arm n. = ROTOR
ườ
rotor-type pump n. engine oil
Tr
pump in which an internal rotor, e.
n
g. with four external lobes, is used
vă
to drive an eccentric external
Lê
gear, e. g. with five internal
lobespaces; operates in a similar
way to gear pumps, but has higher
pump capacity, and is quieter and
more expensive: Bôm roâto
rotowelding n. = FRICTION
WELDING
rotten-egg smell n. in cars equipped
with catalytic converters, this
smell is the result of an
excessively rich air / fuel mixture:
Muøi tröùng thoái sinh ra töø boä xuùc
taùc khi hoãn hôïp hoøa khí quaù giaøu
roughening n. mechanical or chemical
treatment of a surface to produce
minute irregularities: Söï laøm
292
RTV
nhaùm beà maët.
rough a. if an engine sounds rough it
is running unevenly, probably
caused by misfiring or worn
crankshaft bearings: Noå khoâng
ñeàu
roundabout n. road junction where the
traffic goes round a raised central
circle: Buøng binh.
(NOTE: US English is traffic
circle)
round file n. file in the shape of a
round bar, rather than a blade:
Giuõa troøn
round head bolt n. general
tô
ô
term including cup head bolts and
ện
mushroom head bolts: Bu - loâng
đi ñaàu troøn
round hump n. safety contour
on both rim bead seats preventing
the tyre from sliding into the rim
well: Caùi böôùu troøn treân nieàng
xe.
route 1 n. direction taken (by a
cable, etc.): Ñöôøng ñi, loä trình.
2 v. to lay (something) in a certain
direction: Theo tuyeán ñöôøng.
Royal Automobile Club (RAC) n.
motoring organization in the UK:
Caâu laïc boä oâtoâ hoaøng gia.
rpm (short for) revolutions per minute;
engine speed as measured by
crankshaft revolutions per minute:
Toác ñoä voøng cuûa ñoäng cô
rpm sensor = ENGINE SPEED
SENSOR: Caûm bieán toác ñoä ñoäng
cô
RRIM = REINFORCED REACTION
INJECTION MOULDING
r / seat (short for) rear seat: Choã ngoài
sau
RTV = ROOM TEMPERATURE
rubber
VULCANIZING: Keo laøm roong
loûng ñoâng laïi ôû nhieät ñoä trong
phoøng
rubber n. (a) a natural elastomer that
at room temperature returns
rapidly to approximately its initial
dimension and shape after
substantial deformation by a weak
stress and subsequent release of
the stress: Cao su
(b) US (informal) tyres: Loáp xe.
rubber bush = tubular rubber
sleeve for mounting a shaft or rod:
OÁng cao su ñeå gaén truïc
rubber coupling = flexible
coupling using pressurized rubber
blocks: Khôùp noái cao su
rubber doughnut coupling =
o
tạ
typical flexible coupling, made of
ào
vulcanized rubber, shaped like a
-Đ
doughnut: Khôùp noái cao su giaûm
ng
chaán.
ườ
rubberize v. to coat or
Tr
impregnate with rubber: Nhuùng
n
vă
vaøo cao su, troän chung vôùi cao su
Lê
vaø ñuùc
rubber mallet n. mallet with a
rubber head: Caùi buùa goã ñaàu
nhöïa.
rubber spring n. element of a
rubber suspension system such as
Hydrolastic suspension: Loø xo cao
su
rubbing block n. (ignition) small
block of insulating material on the
contact breaker lever: Khoái cao
su treân vít löûa (goái cam).
rubbing compound n. =
CUTTING COMPOUND
rubbing strip n. strip of plastic
at the widest point of the body,
along doors and wings down each
293
run in
side of the car to protect the
bodywork from minor knocks, (as
from the open door of a
neighbouring car): Daûi baêng doïc
thaân xe choáng coï xaùt.
Rudge nut n. quick-release nut for
central-locking wheels: Ñai oác
Rudge
rumble n. characteristic, low-pitched
noise made by worn main
bearings: Tieáng keâu ñaëc tröng do
baïc loùt truïc khuyûu moøn gaây ra
rumble seat n. US =
DICKEY SEAT: Gheá phuï ñaèng
tô
sau ôû xe hai choã.
ô
run 1 n. (paint fault) the trail of a
ện
paint drip; a dribble of paint: Söï
đi chaûy xuoáng cuûa lôùp sôn
2 v. (of paint) to form a run:
Chaûy thaønh veät.
runabout n. (a) an open 2-seater,
predecessor of the roadster: (b)
small car, especially one for use in
town: OÂ toâ nhoû
run channel n. U-section rubber used
to hold glass parts and other body
features in place or to protect
panel edges: Roong kính.
run-flat properties n. the capability
of a deflated tyre to operate
effectively, i. e. to permit further
driving: Khaû naêng chaïy tieáp khi
xì voû
run-flat tyre n. tyre which can run
for a certain length of time
without air in it: Voû xe chaïy ñöôïc
khi xeïp
run in v. to operate new or
reconditioned machinery
(especially bearings) under light
load and at limited speed to avoid
excessive friction and heat which
running board
would cause uneven bedding in of
the component: Chaïy raø, chaïy ro
ñai
(NOTE: nowadays, new engines
do not need to be run in. note that
US English is to break in)
running board n. foot rest below the
doors of a car; common on early
motor vehicles, now only seen on
VW Beetles, pick-ups and some
limousines: Baäc leân xuoáng xe
running gear n. the moving
components which link the lower
part of the vehicle to the wheels, i.
e. suspension, including control
arms, springs, shock absorbers,
steering components, etc.: Caùc boä
phaän noái phaàn döôùi khung xe vôùi
o
tạ
baùnh xe
ào
running-in n. driving a vehicle or
-Đ
running an engine or enter
ng
mechanical unit at reduced speed
ườ
and load when new, to prevent
Tr
pick-up and seizure of the bearing
n
surfaces, and to ensure even
vă
initial wear: Chaïy raø
Lê
running-on n. condition of a
SI engine in which fuel continues
to burn after the ignition has been
turned off, causing the engine to
run on (for a few seconds): Maùy
vaãn noå sau khi taét coâng taéc maùy
(ñoäng cô xaêng)
(NOTE: also called dieselling)
running-on control valve =
IDLE STOP VALVE: Van khoùa
caàm chöøng
run on v. (of an engine) to
continue to run after the ignition
has been switched off: maùy vaãn
noå sau khi taét coâng taéc maùy
run-on tyre n. tyre with a limited
294
rust protection
ability to run without air in it;
sufficient to pull over safely: Loáp
xe chaïy ñöôïc khi xeïp
run out n. extent to which a part is
running out-of-true: Söï chaïy leäch
taâm, söï ñaûo, söï moøn leäch.
rupture v. to break, burst or split:
Laøm gaõy, vôõ, nöùt
rust 1 n. oxidized iron or steel, the
product of corrosion: Gæ
2 v. to form rust: Hình thaønh gæ
rust eater n. = RUST
KILLER: Chaát phaù gæ.
rusting n. chemical or
tô
electrochemical destruction of
ô
iron and ferrous metals: Söï gæ(saét)
ện
rust inhibitor n. inhibitor
đi which reduces or prevents the
formation of rust on iron and
ferrous metals: Chaát choáng gæ
rust inspection n. car
inspection conducted to detect rust
and corrosion damage, usually by
means of an endoscope: Söï kieåm
tra gæ seùt.
rust killer n. substances which,
according to their manufacturers,
convert rust into a dry mass which
can be removed with water: Chaát
laøm saïch gæ.
rustproof 1 a. resistant to
rust: Khoâng gæ
2 v. to make resistant to rust: Xöû
lyù ñeå choáng gæ
rustproofing n. making
resistant to rust: Laøm choáng gæ
rustproofing agent = anti-
corrosion, wax-based sealant:
Chaát choáng gæ
rust protection n. reducing
the possibility of rust forming on
iron and steel by coating with
rust remover Rzeppa-type (universal) joint

protective materials or by RV US = RECREATIONAL

rendering them passive: Söï baûo VEHICLE
veä khoûi gæ RWD = REAR-WHEEL DRIVE: Caàu
rust remover n. any chemical sau chuû ñoäng
substance which removes rust: Rzeppa-type (universal) joint n.
Chaát taåy gæ constant velocity joint
rust sealer n. rust converter incorporating balls as a means of
that provides a coat on metal torque transmission; (named after
surfaces to protect them against Alfred Rzeppa, a Ford engineer):
air exposure and thus to prevent Khôùp noái loaïi Rzeppa
continued corrosion: Chaát traùm
choáng ræ.

tô
ô
ện
đi
o
tạ
ào
-Đ
ng
ườ
Tr
n
vă
Lê

295
S safety goggles
Ss
S (a) (short for) Special or Sport,
indicating better performance than
a standard car model: Kyù hieäu
cuûa loaïi xe ñaëc bieät hoaëc theå
thao toát hôn loaïi xe thoâng
thöôøng
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (180 km/h or
113 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ
toác ñoä toái ña 180 km/h.
Sacco panels n. = SIDE BUMPER
PANELS: Taám ñôõ va beân hoâng
xe
sacrificial anode n. an
o
electropositive metal coating, such
tạ
ào
as aluminium or zinc, that protects
-Đ
the steel of a car body by
corroding first when attacked by
ng
electrolytic action: Lôùp maï baèng
ườ
Tr
nhoâm hoaëc keõm baûo veä lôùp theùp
n
khung xe (choáng aên moøn ñieän
vă
hoùa)
Lê
sacrificial protection =
CATHODIC PROTECTION: Söï
baûo veä catoát.
saddle tank n. fuel tank mounted
above the rear axle: Thuøng nhieân
lieäu ñaët treân caàu sau.
SAE (short for) Society of
Automotive Engineers: American
professional body which develops
standards in automotive (and
aeronautical) engineering: Hieäp
hoäi kyõ sö oâtoâ Hoa Kyø
SAE gross bhp n. old unit of engine
power: Ñôn vò cuõ cuûa coâng suaát
ñoäng cô
SAE net bhp n.unit of engine power:
296
Ñôn vò cuûa coâng suaát ñoäng cô
safe stop wheel n. = RUN-ON
TYRE
safety bead seat n. general term for
a safety contour on the rim bead
seat preventing the tyre bead from
sliding into the rim well especially
during cornering manoeuvres: Ñai
töïa an toaøn treân nieàng xe.
safety belt n. = SEAT BELT:
Daây ñai an toaøn
safety catch n. catch usually
tô
located under the front edge of the
ô
bonnet, near the centre, which
ện
đi prevents accidental release of the
bonnet if the main cable-operated
bonnet lock is activated by
mistake: Choát an toaøn cuûa ca-poâ
xe(choáng môû)
safety chains n. two, crossed
chains linking the trailer and
vehicle frame as a safeguard if the
towing hitch fails: Daây xích an
toaøn (giöõa ñaàu keùo vaø rô mooc)
Safety Compliance
Certification (SCC) Label n.
US label which must be attached
to the lower half of the left-hand
front door lock facing; specifies
the VIN and other relevant
information: Nhaõn chöùng nhaän
an toaøn (daùn ôû döôùi kính beân
traùi)
safety glass n. = LAMINATED
GLASS
safety goggles n. closefitting
glasses or mask to protect the eyes
(e. g. during welding): Kính baûo
hoä (khi haøn)
safety harness
safety harness n.= HARNESS
safety rim n. rim with small ridges
that hold the tyre beads on the
wheel during a tyre blow-out
(instant rupture and air loss) or flat
tyre (slow leak reducing inflation
pressure): Nieàng xe loaïi an toaøn
(nieàng coù ngaïnh ñeå giöõ meùp voû
khi bò noå hoaëc xeïp)
safety steering column n.
COLLAPSIBLE STEERING
COLUMN: Truï laùi xeáp laïi ñöôïc
safety valve n. valve that
allows fluid to escape when a
certain pressure level has been
reached: Van an toaøn, van giaûm
aùp
safety wheel n. general term
referring to either a wheel with a
-Đ
safety bead seat or a wheel with
ng
run flat properties: Baùnh xe loaïi
ườ
an toaøn (chaïy ñöôïc khi xeïp)
Tr
sag v. & n. (to) bend under weight or
n
pressure: Voõng xuoáng do troïng
vă
löôïng hoaëc aùp suaát
Lê
sagging door n. a door that sits too
low in the door aperture: Söï voõng
xuoáng cuûa cöûa
sag or sagging n. (paint fault) an
aggravated condition of paint runs
where a curtain of paint runs down
vertical or inclined areas of
bodywork; caused by excessive
build-up of paint, thinners which
are too slow-acting, or excessively
slow movement of the spray gun:
Söï chaûy xuoáng cuûa lôùp sôn quaù
daøy.
SAI = STEERING AXIS
INCLINATION
SALA suspension n. = SHORT
sandwich construction
ARM / LONG ARM
SUSPENSION
saloon n. two- or four-door car with
seating for four or five people: Xe
oâtoâ mui kín 2 hoaëc 4 cöûa vôùi 4
hoaëc 5 choã
(NOTE: US English is sedan)
salt spray chamber n. test chamber
for salt spray (fog) testing: Buoàng
= phun muoái (thöû nghieäm xe)
sand v. to smooth or clean a surface
by rubbing with sandpaper: Chaø,
ñaùnh baèng giaáy nhaùm.
sandblasting n. cleaning a surface
tô
ô
with a jet of sand (or grit) under
ện
air or steam pressure: Ñaùnh ræ seùt
đi baèng phöông phaùp thoåi caùt
o
tạ
sander n. power-driven tool
ào
with a rotating abrasive disc for
smoothing and cleaning surfaces:
Duïng cuï maøi baèng giaáy nhaùm
sanding block n. rubber or
plastic block designed to accept
strips of sandpaper for manual
sanding: Ñóa cao su hoaëc nhöïa
ñeå quaán giaáy nhaùm khi maøi tay
sandpaper n. abrasive paper
coated with sand for smoothing
and cleaning: Giaáy nhaùm
sand scratching n. paint fault
characterized by the paint film
appearing low in gloss and
showing primer and metal
imperfections in the top coat; may
be caused by excessively coarse
sanding and too thin a paint coat:
veát xöôùc sôn
sandwich construction n. composite
construction of alloys, plastics
and other materials consisting of
a foam or honeycomb layer and
297
satellite
glued between two hard outer
sheets: Caáu truùc nhieàu lôùp vaät
lieäu khaùc nhau
(NOTE: also known as sandwich
laminate)
satellite n. block of controls near the
steering wheel rim: Toå hôïp coâng
taéc ñieàu khieån gaàn tay laùi
SBS = SEAT-INTEGRATED BELT
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng tích hôïp gheá
vôùi daây ñai an toaøn
scab corrosion n. scab-like corrosion
occurring along a scratch in a
coating: Lôùp vaûy xuaát hieän do aên
moøn theo veát traày sôn
scale n. solid layer of corrosion
products formed on metals at high
temperature: Lôùp gæ do nhieät ñoä
o
tạ
cao
ào
scale rust = loose, flaking rust:
-Đ
Lôùp gæ daøy saép bong
ng
scanimet n. nickel-silicon-carbide
ườ
coating for particularly wear-
Tr
resistant cylinder walls: Lôùp phuû
n
vă
choáng moøn treân thaønh xi lanh
Lê
scavenge v. (two-stroke engine) to
clear away, particularly to expel
exhaust gas from a cylinder and to
fill the cylinder with fresh charge:
Queùt khí thaûi (trong ñoäng cô 2
kyø)
(NOTE: these processes take
place simultaneously in a two-
stroke engine)
scavenging jet n. the jet of fresh
charge supplied into the cylinder,
the shape and direction of which
determine the effectiveness of the
scavenging process: Loã queùt khí.
scavenging losses n. if the
exhaust gases remain in the
cylinder, they prevent a full
298
SCC
charge of fresh mixture from
entering; the power output is thus
reduced: Söï maát coâng suaát do
queùt khoâng heát khí thaûi.
scavenging passage n. the
passage inside a two-stroke
engine that serves to scavenge the
exhaust gas from the engine; in
most cases it refers to the transfer
passage, as the gas column
supplied across the transfer port
initiates the scavenging process:
Ñöôøng queùt khí chaùy trong ñoäng
cô hai kyø
scavenging picture n. in
tô
experimental two-stroke engine
ô
ện
development, a map of the
đi scavenging air velocity
distribution and the scavenging jet
orientation inside a cylinder: Bieåu
ñoà moâ taû vaän toác vaø höôùng phun
khí queùt.
scavenging pump n. an oil
pump in a dry sump system which
returns oil from the crankcase to
the main oil reservoir: Bôm traû
nhôùt töø cacte sang bình chöùa
scavenging system n. method
used to accomplish the charge-
changing process in a two-stroke
engine: Heä thoáng queùt khí chaùy
scavenging valve n. in
evaporative emission control
systems, a valve in the purge line
between activated charcoal
canister and inlet manifold which
controls the purge air flow that
regenerates the charcoal: Van
giöõa baàu than huùt hôi xaêng vaø
oáng goùp huùt
SCC = SPARK CONTROL
COMPUTER: Maùy tính ñieàu
scissor jack
khieån heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
SCC= SAFETY COMPLIANCE
CERTIFICATION: Chöùng nhaän
coâng nhaän tính an toaøn.
scissor jack n. mechanical jack with
a scissors-like action: con ñoäi
kieåu keùo
scope n. (informal) oscilloscope:
Maùy hieän soùng dao ñoäng (dao
ñoäng kyù)
scored a. (e. g. brake disc)
scratched, grooved, or lined with
small cuts: Bò traày, xöôùc
scrap n. waste metal: Pheá lieäu, kim
loaïi vuïn
scraper ring n. = OIL SCRAPER
RING: Baïc (voøng gaêng), seùc
maêng nhôùt
o
tạ
scrapyard n. premises of a dealer in
ào
scrap metal: Baõi pheá lieäu
-Đ
screen v. to shield from electrical
ng
interference: Baûo veä khoûi nhieãu
ườ
ñieän töø
Tr
screw n. threaded fastener, similar to
n
vă
a bolt, but fully threaded and with
a slotted, hexagonal head, round
Lê
head, flat head, fillister head or
socket head and often a shank
which tapers to a point: Ñinh oác,
vít
screwdriver n. tool used for turning
screws; usually a wooden or
plastic handle with a thin shank
ending in a cross-cut or flattened
square-cut tip: Caây vaën vít, tuoâc
nô vit
screw extractor n. tool for removing
broken studs and screws, with a
tapered left-hand thread which is
screwed into a hole drilled in the
piece to be removed: Taroâ laáy vít
gaõy
299
scuttle panel
screw pitch gauge n.
measuring tool used to idenify
thread sizes, featuring a selection
to determine screw pitch: Boä ño
böôùc ren.
scribe v. & n. (to) cut or scratch with
a pointed instrument, e. g. (in) a
painted surface, for testing
purposes or to mark the position of
a part: Keõ baèng muõi nhoïn treân
sôn ñeå kieåm tra hoaëc ñaùnh daáu
scriber n. pointed steel hand
tool for marking metal: Muõi nhoïn
keû vaïch.
scrubbing n. heavy wear on a tyre
tô
caused by sliding sideways across
ô
ện
the road surface, as when
đi skidding: Söï moøn voû xe do tröôït.
scrub radius n. (steering geometry)
geometric parameter: 'positive' if
the steering axis intersects the
wheel plane at or below ground
level, 'negative' if the point of
intersection is above ground level:
Baùn kính laên – khoaûng caùch giöõa
ñieåm caét truïc laùi vôùi maët phaúng
truï baùnh xe
scuff plate n. (i) generally, any
protective plate (ii) specifically,
the finishing trim on a door sill:
Taám kim loaïi baûo veä
scuff rib n. raised rib on the
sidewall of a tyre to protect it
from impact with the kerb: Ñöôøng
gaân treân caïnh voû baûo veä noù khoûi
va chaïm maïnh vôùi bôø væa heø.
scuttle panel n. the body shell panel
directly below the front
windscreen; often incorporates the
air inlet slots for interior
ventilation: Phaàn khung döôùi
kính tröôùc
seal
(NOTE: US English is cowl)
seal 1 n. flexible ring, disc or washer
that prevents the passage of
liquid, air, gas or dirt: Voøng ñeäm
laøm kín, phôùt
2 v. (a) to prevent the passage of
liquid, air, gas, etc. by means of a
seal or sealant (e. g. on maens,
joints, flanges): Bòt kín baèng phôùt
(b) to coat a surface (e. g. when
undersealing a car) by closing the
pores of the anodic oxide layer in
order to increase the resistance to
staining and its effectiveness
against corrosion: Phuû caùc loã ñeå
choáng aên moøn
sealant n. organic compounds
(such as wax, oil, grease) used to
o
tạ
protect seams or surfaces: Chaát
ào
laøm kín, keo
-Đ
(NOTE: also called sealer or
ng
sealing compound)
ườ
sealed-beam headlight or unit n.
Tr
standard American headlamp
n
design; lens, filament and
vă
reflector are sealed into one unit,
Lê
which eliminates reflector
corrosion but when a filament is
broken, a new sealed beam unit
must be installed: Ñeøn pha coù
choùa ñeøn, kieáng vaø tim ñeøn ñöôïc
cheá taïo chung trong moät baàu kín
sealing strip n. gas seal to the
epitrochoidal surface in a rotary
piston engine, with the same
function as the piston ring on a
conventional piston engine: Ñeäm
kín ñænh píttoâng cuûa ñoäng cô
Wankel.
seam sealing n. the sealing of
seams, usually using organic
compounds, to prevent the
300
seating capacity
penetration of corrosive agents:
Söï laøm kín veát noái (ñeå choáng aên
moøn)
seat n. (a) the part of a vehivle on
which you sit: Gheá ngoài
(b) area into which another part
fits securely (such as the seal
between a sparking plug or valve
and the cylinder head): Beä, ñeá
seat adjuster n. knob or lever to
adjust the position of the front
seats: Nuùt hoaëc caàn ñieàu chænh
gheá
seat belt n. webbing belt, usually in
the form of a diagonal shoulder
tô
ô
belt and lap belt to restrain the
ện
wearer in the event of a collision:
đi Daây ñai an toaøn
seat belt anchorage = point
where the end of a seat belt is
attached to the body of a car:
Choát giöõ ñai an toaøn.
seat belt tensioner = restraint
system controlled by deceleration
sensors: Boä caêng daây ñai an
toaøn.
seat belt warning light = light
on the instrument panel which
illuminates if seat belts are not
properly secured: Ñeøn baùo daây
ñai an toaøn
seating capacity n. the
number of people for which a car
is designed: Soá choã ngoài
seat-integrated (seat) belt
system (SBS) n. seat belt with all
belt elements and deflection
points integrated in the seat; this
improves occupant restrain in
every seating position, but
particularly sturdy seats and
floorpans are required: Heä thoáng
seat rail
tích hôïp gheá vôùi daây ñai an toaøn.
seat rail or seat runner n.
tracks onto which front seat
assemblies are mounted to
provide fore and aft seat
adjustment: Raõnh ñieàu chænh gheá
ngoài.
seat rail console = mounting
panel for the seat rails, spot-
welded to the floorpan; the front
consoles are usually somewhat
higher than the rear ones to
produce the desired angle of the
seating surface: Ñeá baét gheá
seat well n. sheet metal panel
to cover up the area below the car
seats, especially below the rear
seat bench: Taám kim loaïi döôùi
gheá sau
secondary air n. in some exhaust
-Đ
emission control systems, e. g.
ng
thermal reactor or two-bed
ườ
converter, secondary (outside) air
Tr
is added to the exhaust to ensure
n
sufficient supply of oxygen to
vă
promote oxidation of HC and CO,
Lê
thus converting these pollutants
into harmless water vapour and
carbon dioxide: Khí thöù caáp (beân
ngoaøi) ñöôïc theâm vaøo khí thaûi
ñeå cung caáp ñuû oxi ñaåy maïnh
quaù trình oxi hoùa HC vaø CO.
secondary battery n.
STORAGE BATTERY: Pin naïp
ñöôïc
secondary braking system n.
HGV spring brake system which
exerts force when air pressure is
released: Heä thoáng phanh thöù
caáp
secondary circuit n. circuit
which comprises the secondary
secondary winding
winding of the ignition coil, the
distributor, and the sparking plugs:
Maïch ñieän thöù caáp (ñaùnh löûa)
secondary damage n. =
INDIRECT DAMAGE: Söï hö haïi
giaùn tieáp
secondary key n. key which
only operates the locks needed for
valet parking, i. e. door locks,
ignition switch and steering
column lock; does not allow
access to boot, glove box, etc.:
Chìa khoùa phuï (môû caùc boä phaän
khaùc khoâng phaûi coâng taéc maùy)
secondary pattern n.
tô
oscilloscope pattern of the
ô
ện
secondary circuit: Kieåu dao ñoäng
đi
cuûa maïch ñieän thöù caáp.
o
tạ
secondary piston n. (in
ào
tandem master cylinder) floating
piston which isolates the two
braking circuits from each other
and actuates the secondary circuit:
Pittoâng thöù caáp trong xylanh caùi
hai taàng.
secondary pump n. oil pump
driven via the gearbox output
shaft: Bôm thöù caáp daãn ñoäng töø
truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá
secondary seal n. secondary
piston seal in a tandem master
cylinder: Coupel pittoâng thöù
= caáp.
secondary visor n. in dual
visor systems, the main visor is
moved sideways and the
secondary visor is flipped down,
thus shielding the driver from the
sun from both the front and side:
Taám che naéng phuï
secondary winding n. inner
winding of the ignition coil;
301
second (gear)
typically 20,000 to 30,000 turns of
very fine wire: Cuoän thöù caáp
(ñaùnh löûa)
(NOTE: opposite is primary
winding)
second (gear) n. low gear used to
build up speed and for steep hills:
Soá 2
section repair n. an effective and
economical repair method where
extensive damage is confined to a
specific section of the body shell
and an undamaged section is
taken from a vehicle which has
been written off: Söï phaân vuøng
söûa chöõa thaân xe (laøm ñoàng)
sector shaft n. = ROCKER SHAFT:
Truïc reõ quaït trong hoäp cô caáu
o
tạ
laùi.
ào
sedan n. US = SALOON: Xe oâtoâ mui
-Đ
kín
ng
seed n. (paint fault) a uniform
ườ
distribution of small particles of
Tr
regular size and pattern in a paint
n
film; caused by contamination of
vă
the paint and poor filtration of the
Lê
air lines: Sôn bò noåi haït.
seize v. to become stuck; used of
moving parts, such as a piston, and
commonly caused by lack of
lubrication leading to overheating:
Keït kính, ruùp peâ (piston)
selective corrosion n. corrosion of
alloys whereby the components
react in proportions differing from
their proportions in the alloys: AÊn
moøn theo tyû leä trong hôïp kim
selective transmission n.
transmission layout in which the
operator can select any ratio at
any time without having to shift
through a number of ratios in a
302
self-aligning torque
definite order: Hoäp soá khoâng qua
soá trung gian
selector fork n. part of the selector
mechanism of a manual gearbox,
shaped like a two-pronged fork,
which fits into the groove round a
coupling sleeve and moves a
sliding pinion forward or back
along a selector rod: Caøng cua
gaït soá trong hoäp soá
selector lever n. (automatic
gearbox) lever which permits the
driver to adapt the gearchanging
processes to particular road or
driving conditions (slippery road
tô
surface, hilly terrain, towing) by
ô
ện
choosing one of the drive ranges;
đi reverse, neutral, and parking lock
are also selected by means of the
selector lever: Caàn choïn soá.
selector lever lock = locks the
selector lever in 'Neutral' or 'Park'
unless the dirver depresses the
brake pedal: Caùi khoùa caàn choïn
soá
selector rod n. rod running the
length of the gearbox, along which
the selector fork travels: Caùp caøi
soá
self-adjusting a. of a mechanism that
adjusts itself to compensate for
wear or to maintain a certain
distance or level (as of heat): Töï
ñieàu chænh (theo ñoä moøn hoaëc
nhieät)
self-aligning torque n. (of
tyres) the restoring force of a tyre
at the centre of the footprint when
subjected to a side force, as when
cornering; this attempt to reduce
the slip angle by the tyre makes
the steering feel heavy to
self-cancelling indicator
the driver: Hoaøn löïc khi xe quay
voøng.
self-cancelling indicator n. all
modern direction indicators switch
off automatically when the
steering wheel is returned to the
straight-ahead position: Ñeøn baùo
reõ (xi nhan) töï taét khi xe chaïy
thaúng.
self-centring (effect) n.
(steering geometry) the forces in
a steering system that set the front
wheels straight hen grip on the
steering wheel is released after
cornering: Löïc laøm tay laùi thaúng
sau khi oâm cua (quay voøng).
self-cleaning n. the ability of a
sparking plug to burn off the
o
tạ
deposits of carbon and oil which
ào
build up due to tracking across the
-Đ
tip: Khaû naêng töï laøm saïch cuûa
ng
bougie
ườ
self-cleaning limit = the lower
Tr
limit of the self-cleaning
n
temperature, generally about
vă
500°C: Giôùi haïn cuûa nhieät ñoä töï
Lê
laøm saïch
self-diagnosis n. test function
in electronic enigne management
systems with a test programme
monitoring input and output
signals, detecting errors and
storing them permanently in a
fault memory: Söï töï chaån ñoaùn
self-energizing see SERVO
BRAKE
self-ignition n. (diesel engine)
ignition of the air/fuel mixture
caused by high pressure and
temperature: Söï töï chaùy (ñoäng cô
Diesel)
self-induction n. this occurs
303
self-parking wiper
when the current in an inductive
circuit changes and the magnetic
field cuts the conductors; this
induced electromotive force
opposes the change in current,
restricting it if the current is
increasing and enhancing it if the
current is decreasing: Söï töï caûm
self-induction back-voltage =
back-voltage produced by self-
induction: Söùc ñieän ñoäng töï
caûm.
self-levelling shock absorber
n. = AIR SHOCK ABSORBER:
Boä giaûm xoùc khoâng khí
tô
self-levelling suspension
ô
ện
system = AUTOMATIC LEVEL
đi
CONTROL (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
treo töï ñoäng
self-levelling (suspension)
strut = suspension strut
incorporating a shock absorber
with a rubber boot filled with
compressed air, serving as an
auxiliary pneumatic spring:
Thanh giaèng heä thoáng treo töï
caân baèng
self-locking nut n. nut with a
nylon insert that binds on the
thread and resists vibration: Ñai
oác töï khoùa
self-operating clutch n. =
CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH: Ly
hôïp ly taâm
self-parking n. the ability of a
car to park automatically, without
any input from the driver;
introduced by the VW Futura in
1991: Heä thoáng töï ñoã xe
self-parking wiper =
windscreen wiper that
automatically returns to the
self-priming pump
(horizontal) park position when
switched off: Söï töï ñoäng döøng
cuûa caàn gaït nöôùc (ñeå khoâng che
maét)
self-priming pump n. pump
which is able to evacuate and
prime the suction pipe: Bôm töï
ñoäng moài nöôùc
(NOTE: opposite in nonself-
priming pump)
self-regulating sheathed-type
glow plug n. originally sheathed-
type glow plugs with a self-
regulating heating coil, now with a
heating and regulating coil:
Bougie xoâng töï ñieàu chænh nhieät.
self-starter n. = STARTER
MOTOR: Moâtô khôûi ñoäng ñoäng
o
tạ
cô
ào
self-tapping screw n. steel
-Đ
screw which cuts its own thread
ng
when screwed through a pilot hole
ườ
into sheet metal: Ñinh oác töï khoùa
Tr
sem n. a preassembled fastener,
n
consisting of any type of screw or
vă
bolt, furnished with a toothed
Lê
washer: OÁc sieát coù loong ñeàn
raêng
semaphore indicator n. direction
indicator used before flashers
were introduced, consisting of a
lighted arrow that popped out
from the side of the car when the
turn indicators switch was
actuated: Loaïi ñeøn baùo reõ (xi-
nhan) kieåu cuõ
(NOTE: also called trafficator)
semi-active suspension n.
suspension whose characteristics
can be tuned to driving conditions,
such as by hydraulic adjustment of
spring supports plus electronic
304
semi-independent suspension
correction of the damping rate:
Heä thoáng treo ñieän töû
semi-automatic transmission
n. transmission in which the
clutch is disengaged and re-
engaged automatically when the
driver actuates the gear lever:
Hoäp soá baùn töï ñoäng
semiconductor n. solid
material such as silicon that has a
resistivity midway between that of
a conductor and a resistor, with
properties of both a conductor and
an insulator; used as substrates for
semiconductor devices such as
tô
diodes, transistors, and integrated
ô
ện
circuits: Chaát baùn daãn
đi semiconductor ignition system
= ignition system that uses
semiconductors for the swtching
operations: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
baùn daãn
semi-elliptic leaf spring n.
leaf spring with a camber in the
form of one half of an ellipse: Laù
nhíp hình baùn elip
semi-floating axle n. live rear
axle assembly in which the weight
of the vehicle is transferred from
the axle housing to the axle shaft,
usually by a bearing within the
housing, close to the wheel centre
plane; the end of the axle shaft
facing the differential is supported
by the differential bearings, i. e.
the axle shaft will carry rotational
as well as bending loads: Loaïi
caàu sau maø khoái löôïng xe truyeàn
töø voû caàu ñeán truïc qua voøng bi
semi-independent suspension
n. rear axle design with a
torsionally flexible crossmember,
semi trailer
the wheels being located on
trailing links: Heä thoáng treo baùn
ñoäc laäp
semi trailer n. type of trailer
that only has wheels at the rear,
the front being supported by the
towing vehicle: Rô mooc chæ coù
baùnh sau
Sendzimir process n. continuous
strip galvanizing process, named
after its inventor: Qui trình maï
ñieän Sendzimir
sensor n. any device that receives
and reacts to a signal, such as a
change in voltage, temperature or
pressure: Caûm bieán
sensor flap = part of an airflow
sensor which serves as a measure
o
tạ
for the induced air volume; a
ào
potentiometer converts sensor flap
-Đ
movement into changes in
ng
electrical voltage, a form in which
ườ
these signals can be evaluated by
Tr
the fuel injection control unit:
n
Caùnh tröôït trong caûm bieán ño
vă
gioù caùnh tröôït
Lê
sensor plate = plate in the
mixture control unit of a CIS,
attached to a lever that operates
the control plunger in the fuel
distributor; the sensor plate
position is governed by the
amount of air admitted to the
engine via the throttle valve and
auxiliary air regulator: Caùnh ño
gioù trong heä thoáng phun xaêng
kieåu K.
separate-application adhesive n.
adhesive consisting of two parts;
one part being applied to one face
and the other part to the other face
and the two faces brought together
305
sequential fuel injection (SFI)
to form a joint: Keo daùn 2 maët
separate chassis n. the
traditional body and frame design
before the introduction of unitary
construction; the body was
lowered onto the chassis and
bolted toit: Khung gaàm loaïi taùch
rôøi.
separate lubrication n.
engine lubrication principle
whereby the oil is no longer
mixed with the fuel, but is fed by
a metering pump from a separate
oil tank to the engine components
to be lubricated: Söï boâi trôn ñoäc
tô
laäp (khoâng pha nhôùt vaøo xaêng).
ô
ện
(NOTE: opposite is petrol
đi lubrication)
separation n. after long
storage, liquid ingredients of
paints and fillers may separate in
the can on top of the material; in
most cases, this can be overcome
by stirring the contents of the can
thoroughly before use: sôn bò laéng
separation line n. =
CUTTING LINE: Ñöôøng caét.
separator n. (a) generally,
anything that physically separates
one part from another: Thieát bò,
vaät caùch ly
(b) (of lead-acid battery) plates
of insulating material which
physically separate the positive
plates from the negative plates:
Taám caùch ñieän (aéc quy)
(c) a filter or trap: Loïc
sequential fuel injection (SFI) n.
fuel injection system in which
bursts of petrol are sprayed into
the inlet ports by injectors at timed
intervals: Heä thoáng phun nhieân
series
lieäu tuaàn töï (ñoäc laäp)
(NOTE: also called timed fuel
injection)
sequential spark n.
FOLLOW-UP SPARK
series n. two or more components
connected in a circuit so that the
same current flows in turn through
each of them: Noái tieáp (maïch
ñieän)
(NOTE: opposite is parallel)
series circuit = circuit with two
or more resistance units so wired
that current must pass through one
unit before reaching the other:
Maïch ñieän noái tieáp
serrated shaft n. shaft with V-
shaped grooves: Truïc then hoa
serration n. series of teeth on an
edge (as on a saw): Ñöôøng raêng
-Đ
cöa
ng
service 1 n. periodic overhaul,
ườ
usually carried out by a garage;
Tr
includes changing the oil and oil
n
filter, checking the brakes, tyres,
vă
ignition (usually changing the
Lê
sparking plugs), electrical, fuel
and cooling systems, and taking
the vehicle on a test run to check
the steering, suspension, and
transmission systems as well as
the performance of the engine and
brakes: Vieäc baûo döôõng ñònh kyø
2 v. to carry out a service on a
vehicle: Baûo döôõng
service brake n. foot-operated
brake used for retarding, stopping
and controlling the vehicle during
normal driving conditions: Phanh
chaân
service interval n. the time or
mileage between services (e. g.
setting
12 months or 10,000 miles,
whichever should come sooner):
Khoaûng thôøi gian giöõa 2 laàn baûo
= döôõng
service life n. the length of
time a component or system will
remain reliable and safe: Tuoåi
thoï maùy moùc
servicing n. carrying out a
service: Söï baûo döôõng
servo n. (informal) =
SERVOMECHANISM
servo-assisted a. = POWER-
ASSISTED: Trôï löïc
servo brake n. a drum brake
tô
ô
in which the shoes are arranged so
ện
that one shoe helps to apply the
đi other, to create a self-energizing
o
tạ
effect in both shoes: Phanh troáng
ào
vôùi tang naøy ñaåy tang kia
servomechanism n. device
that provides power assistance to
operate a control (e. g. a brake or
clutch): Cô caáu trôï löïc.
servo motor n. small electric
motor that supplies power to a
servomechanism: Moâ tô trôï löïc
set v. (a) to adjust to a standard:
Ñieàu chænh
(b) (e. g. body filler) to harden:
Laøm cho cöùng
setscrew n. fully threaded bolt with a
parallel shaft, used to secure
metal parts together (such as a hub
or wheel to a shaft); can have a
variety of heads, the most
common being hexagonal, round
or countersunk: Ñinh oác haõm, giöõ
setting n. (a) adjustment: Söï ñieàu
chænh
(b) (e. g. body filler) hardening:
Söï cöùng laïi cuûa ma tít
306
settle
settle v. to sink to the bottom (of a
liquid): Laéng xuoáng (cuûa chaát
loûng).
SFC = SPECIFIC FUEL
CONSUMPTION: Möùc tieâu haoï
nhieân lieäu rieâng.
SFI = SEQUENTIAL FUEL
INJECTION: Söï phun nhieân lieäu
tuaàn töï
shackle n. pivoting link between the
rear end of a leaf spring and the
bodywork or chassis, which moves
as the length of the spring varies:
Voøng keïp nhíp xe
windscreen shackle
SUNSHIELD: Taám che naéng
shaft n. round bar which transmits
turning power from one part to
another: Truïc
shaft distributor = distributor
-Đ
whose drive shaft projects into the
ng
engine; the shaft is driven via a
ườ
gearing system or a coupling: Boä
Tr
chia ñieän coù truïc daøi.
n
vă
(NOTE: opposite is short-type
Lê
distributor)
shaft seal = seal used to
prevent leaks between stationary
parts and rotating shafts and to
exclude foreign matter: Phoát laøm
kín truïc
shaft sleeve = sleeve which
protects a shaft from erosion,
corrosion, and wear at shaft seals:
OÁng boïc ngoaøi truïc, chuïp buïi
shallow pits n. corrosion in the form
of pits whose diameter is
substantially larger than their
depth: Veát gæ caïn.
shammy leather : Da thuoäc.
shank n. (a) the part of a bolt
between the head and the thread:
sheathed-type glow plug
Phaàn khoâng coù ren treân thaân bu
loâng
(b) the part of a bit which is held
in the drill: Ñaàu gaén löôõi khoan
shank length = (of bolts) the
distance from the last full form
thread to the bearing face: Chieàu
daøi phaàn thaân bu loâng khoâng
laøm ren
shared component n. parts or
components which are identical in
various models of a car family,
such as those used on a saloon and
its convertible derivative; typical
shared components are body
tô
=
panels, suspension components,
ô
ện
brakes: Nhöõng phuï tuøng duøng
đi chung ñöôïc treân caùc ñôøi xe khaùc
o
tạ
nhau.
ào
shaving (the body) n. custom car
modification to remove all chrome
parts at the front or rear end to
achieve smooth contours
highlighted only by the paint and
the body modifications; in most
cases, only a side chrome strip is
retained: Toâ xe, veõ trang trí xe
(NOTE: also called nosing or
decking)
shear v. to distort or fracture as a
result of excess torsion or
transverse load: Bieán daïng (gaõy
ñöùt) do xoaén
shear (head) bolt n. bolt
whose head may (intentionally) be
sheared off to make extraction
difficult: Söï bieán daïng ñaàu bu-
loâng
sheathed-type glow plug n. single-
pole glow plug having a tubular
heating element with a heating
coil or a heating and regulator coil
307
sheath flame
enclosed in a thermally
conductive insulator ceramic:
bougie xoâng 1 cöïc
sheath flame n. the outer area
of an oxyacetylene flame
surrounding the inner cone and the
flame feather: Phaàn ngoaøi ngoïn
löûa haøn.
sheet metal n. metal (steel) in the
form of a thin sheet (pressed to
form car body panels): Taám kim
loaïi
sheet metal blank = a flat
sheet metal panel as supplied by
the trade; used to make repair
panels for various body repair
purposes: taám kim loaïi ñeå vaù
o
tạ
thuøng xe
ào
sheet metal clamp = lock-grip
-Đ
pliers with wide, flat jaws used to
ng
locate sheet metal parts for
ườ
welding or to bend small sheet
Tr
metal parts along the edges of the
n
jaws: keàm keïp taám kim loaïi ñeå
vă
haøn
Lê
(NOTE: when used for bending
sheet metal, may also be referred
to as bending pliers)
sheet metal cutter = any tool
used to cut sheet metal: Maùy caét
taám kim loaïi
sheet metal folder = machine
used to bend sheet metal along a
predetermined line using
mechanical force: Duïng cuï uoán,
gaáp meùp taám kim loaïi
sheet metal remains = a strip
of metal left on the edges after the
bulk of a panel has been cut out;
this strip is then removed carefully
to ensure that the flanges to avoid
308
shifting
cutting out excessive material:
Phaàn coøn laïi cuûa caùc taám kim
loaïi sau khi caét khung
sheet metal roller = large
machine to curve or roll metal in a
single plane: Maùy caùn taám kim
loaïi
sheet wheel n.wheel made aluminium
sheet material: Baùnh xe ñöôïc cheá
taïo töø vaät lieäu nhoâm taám
sheet panel n. a deep-drawn steel
panel fitted horizontally behind
the rear seat back-rest of
notchback saloons to support the
tô
plastic or foam moulding that
ô
ện
makes up the rear shelf, visible
đi from the outside: Taám kim loaïi
phía sau gheá sau.
shell n. structural case or housing: Voû
cuûa boä phaän naøo ñoù.
shell bearing n. type of
bearing used for main bearings
and big-end bearings, consisting
of a circular housing which can be
divided into two halves, and which
encloses a pair of bearing shells:
Baïc loùt 2 nöûa (coát maùy)
sherardizing n. coating iron objects
with zinc powder by tumbling in
powdered zinc at about 250-
375°C: Söï traùng keõm, maï keõm.
shield(ing) n. = SCREEN(ING)
shift v. US to change gear: Thay ñoåi
soá
shifter n. US gear or selector
lever : Tay gaït soá
shift(er) fork = selector fork:
Caàn sang soá
shifting n. US =
GEARCHANGE: Sang soá
shift interlock n. US device
shift lever
which prevents different shift
forks in the transmission from
being moved at the same time, by
locking into the inoperative shift
fork as the other is being moved; a
gearchange cannot be made
unless the inoperative shift fork is
in its neutral position: Khoùa caøng
sang soá
shift lever n. (a) US = GEAR
LEVER
(b) (inside an automatic
gearbox) lever which connects
the selector lever cable to the
manual valve of the control valve
body: Caàn choïn soá.
(c) component used in pre-
engaged starter motors to force
o
tạ
the pinion against the flywheel
ào
ring gear: Caàn ñaåy trong rô le
-Đ
gaøi khôùp maùy khôûi ñoäng
ng
shift lock n. (automatic
ườ
gearbox) = SELECTOR LEVER
Tr
LOCK: Caùi khoùa caàn choïn soá (töï
n
ñoäng)
vă
shift valve n. US = CHANGE
Lê
VALVE: Van ñoåi soá
shim 1 n. (a) thin packing strip (e. g.
between wishbone and frame):
Mieáng vieàn moûng
(b) (valve clearance) a spacer
required for the adjustment of
valve clearance in OHC- or
DOHC-engines equipped with
tappets: Mieáng cheâm suù paùp
2 v. to modify by the use of
shims: Cheâm, cheøn baèng ñeäm
shimmy n. rapid side-to-side
vibration of the front wheels: Söï
ñaûo baùnh tröôùc
shim pliers n. = VALVE SHIM
PLIERS: Caùi kìm thaùo laép mieáng
309
short circuit
cheâm suù paùp
shock absorber or (informal) shock
n. any device designed to absorb
mechanical shock but especially
the spring damper in a vehicle
suspension system: Boä giaûm chaán
shock absorber tower = sheet
metal panel of hollowed or box-
section design that is spot-welded
to the body and serves as an
anchoring point for the top shock
absorber mount: UÏ treân boä giaûm
chaán
shopping car n. similar to a city car,
may be even smaller: Xe nhoû
tô
shop primer n. coating which
ô
ện
temporarily protects a work from
đi corrosion, e. g. during shipment:
Phuû saùp ñeå choáng aên moøn khi
vaän chuyeån xe baèng ñöôøng thuyû
shore hardness (test) n. test method
for the determination of
indentation hardness of nonrigid
plastics: Phöông phaùp kieåm tra
ñoä cöùng nhöïa
short arm/ long arm (SALA)
suspension n. = UNEQUAL-
LENGTH WISHBONE
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
ñoøn ngaén/ñoøn daøi
short block n. engine block complete
with crankshaft and piston
assemblies but without external
parts such as head, sump, oil or
fuel pump, etc.: Khoái ñoäng cô
goàm pittoâng, xy lanh, truïc
khuyûu.
short block engine = engine
with a relatively short crankshaft:
Ñoäng cô coù truïc khuyûu ngaén.
(NOTE: opposite is long block)
short circuit n. electrical fault
short circuiting
whereby the current bypasses part
of the circuit and finds a path of
low resistance through which an
excessive current can flow,
causing a fuse to blow, wiring to
be overloaded or a flat battery:
Ñoaûn maïch, ngaén maïch
short circuit between the
plates = undesirable electrically
conductive connection between
positive and negative plates
within a battery cell; makes
battery inoperative: Söï chaäp
maïch giöõa hai baûn cöïc aéc quy
short circuiting n. occurs
during the scavenging process of a
two-stroke engine when some of
the fresh mixture entering the
cylinder may flow across the
cylinder and escape via the
-Đ
exhaust ports without producing
any scavenging effect: Söï loït khí
ng
ườ
trong quaù trình queùt khí ôû ñoäng
Tr
cô hai kyø.
n
short engine n. fully
vă
reconditioned engine but without
Lê
external parts such as head, sump,
oil or fuel pump, etc.: Khoái ñoäng
cô goàm pittoâng, xy lanh, truïc
khuyûu vöøa ñaïi tu.
short stroke engine n.
reciprocating piston engine whose
bore diameter is larger than the
stroke; a relatively short stroke
improves high-end revving ability
at the cost of low-end torque:
Ñoäng cô coù haønh trình pittoâng
ngaén
(NOTE: opposite is long stroke
engine)
short-type distributor
distributor without a drive shaft;
SID
the drive coupling is located
directly at the base of the ignition
distributor housing: Boä chia ñieän
kieåu ngaén (khoâng coù truïc daãn
ñoäng)
(NOTE: opposite is shaft
distributor)
shoulder n. the part of a tyre
between the tread and the
sidewall: Hoâng voû xe
shrink-fit v. to achieve an extremely
close fit, by either expanding the
external part by heating, or
contracting the internal part by
cooling, so that when the parts
tô
return to normal temperature they
ô
ện
fit tightly together: Laép noùng
đi hoaëc laïnh
o
tạ
shrinking n. body repair technique
ào
used to repair locally stretched
areas by using heat or special
body hammers: Kyõ thuaät laøm
ñoàng thaân xe.
shunt (informal) 1 v. to crash: Ñaâm
saàm vaøo
shunt firing or shunting n.
(sparking plug) short circuit at the
firing end, caused by electrically
conductive deposits: Roø ñaùnh löûa
do muoäi than.
shut line n. line between a closed
door and the bodywork: Khe hôû
giöõa cöûa vaø thaân xe.
shutter (blade) n. curved metal vane
of a Hall generator: Caùnh chaén
cuûa caûm bieán Hall
shuttle valve n. valve in which the
actuating member shuttles back
and forth: Van con thoi
SI = SPARK IGNITION: Söï ñaùnh
n. löûa baèng tia löûa (cöôõng böùc)
SID = SIDE IMPACT DUMMY:
310
side bumper panels
Ngöôøi noäm ñeå kieåm tra söï va
chaïm beân hoâng.
side bumper panels n. large
plastic body side mouldings
attached to the lower body sides
which protect the body against
road debris, road salt corrosion
and mechanical impact: Taám caûn
beân hoâng.
(NOTE: introduced on Mercedes-
Benz cars by chief designer Bruno
Sacco, thus also called Sacco
panels)
sidedraught carburettor n.
carburettor with a horizontal
barrel so that the air intake is at
the side: Boä cheá hoøa khí huùt
ngang
o
tạ
side electrode n. earth
ào
electrode at the side of the
-Đ
threaded part of a sparking plug
ng
shell: Ñieän cöïc bìa bougie
ườ
side flasher n. small (amber)
Tr
direction indicator located in the
n
side of the frontwings: Ñeøn baùo
vă
reõ xi nhan beân hoâng xe
Lê
side gear n. = side scoop n. air intake for the
DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR
side impact bar n. longitudinal
reinforcing beam in a car door,
designed to withstand side impact:
Taám baûo veä beân hoâng
side impact dummy (SID) =
dummy developed to investigate
the effects of side impact crashes:
Ngöôøi noäm ñeå kieåm tra söï va
chaïm beân hoâng.
sidelamp n. = SIDELIGHT
side-lift jack n. = TOWER
JACK: Con ñoäi daïng thaùp (ñoäi
cheát)
sidelight n. low-intensity white
311
side step
front lamp, often incorporated in
the headlamp: Ñeøn nhoû trong
ñeøn ñaàu
side marker light/lamp n. low-
intensity lamp mounted on the
side of a vehicle to indicate its
presence when seen side-on: Ñeøn
baùo beân hoâng (baùo kích thöôùc
xe)
side member n.box-section
member inboard of the outer sill
that often runs from the front to
the rear of the car and provides
reinforcement of both sides of the
floorpan: Thanh doïc söôøn xe
tô
side pipe n. exhaust pipe
ô
ện
running along the side of the car:
đi
OÁng poâ doïc hoâng xe.
side radiator guard n.
moulded cover panel fitted to the
sides of the radiator to protect it
from water splashes: Taám chaén
beân hoâng keùt nöôùc
side rail n.= SIDE MEMBER
side rod n. = TIE ROD: Thanh
laùi, roâ tuyn
engine and/or for cooling on mid-
engine or rear-engine cars;
typically found on sports cars such
as the Ferrari range: Khí naïp cho
ñoäng cô ôû giöõa hoaëc sau xe.
side shaft n. = AXLE SHAFT
side shake n. = END PLAY
side shift n. damage to the
frame when the vehicle has been
hit from the side: Söï bieán daïng
phaàn beân hoâng (do bò ñuïng beân
hoâng).
side step n. (commercial
vehicles) step plate below the
doors to facilitate entry into the
sideswipe
relatively high cabin: Baäc böôùc
leân xe
sideswipe n. body damage
caused by the car hitting an
obstacle at an acute angle, causing
the panels to be dented over a
relatively large area: Söï hö hoûng
beân hoâng xe khi ñuïng vaøo
chöôùng ngaïi vaät theo höôùng
nghieâng.
side-valve (SV) engine n.
engine with the valves to the side
of the cylinders: Ñoäng cô vôùi xuù
paùp ñaët beân hoâng xylanh.
sidewall n. (a) side of a tyre
between the bead and the edge of
the tread: Caïnh voû xe.
(b)vertical part of the box section
o
tạ
of a side member: Caïnh beân cuûa
ào
thanh doïc khung xe.
-Đ
SI engine n. spark ignition engine or
ng
petrol engine: internal combustion
ườ
engine of the reciprocating type in
Tr
which an air/ fuel mixture is
n
compressed and then ignited by an
vă
electric spark: Ñoäng cô ñaùnh löûa
Lê
cöôõng böùc
sight glass n. viewing glass or window
set in the refrigerant pipe of a
car's air-conditioning system,
usually in the top of the receiver-
drier, which allows a visual check
of the refrigerant passing from the
receiver to the evaporator: Cöûa
kính xem tình traïng ga laïnh treân
loïc ga
(NOTE: the fluid should be clear
and free of foam)
sighting point gauge n. device
incorporating a sighting pin, used
to measure car bodies for
misalignment: Thieát bò ño ñoä leäch
312
silicon
thaân xe
silencer n. (a) (exhaust system)
device through which the exhaust
gases pass and which reduces
exhaust noise: OÁng giaûm thanh,
oáng poâ
(NOTE: US English is muffler)
(b) (air duct) device in an air-
conditioning system designed to
minimize pumping sounds from
the compressor: Giaûm aâm cho
maùy neùn trong heä thoáng ñieàu
hoaø nhieät ñoä
silencer shaft n. = BALANCE
SHAFT
tô
ô
silencer-tailpipe tool n. (i)
ện
chisel-type tool with several
đi cutting edges to cut silencer
sleeves without damaging
tailpipes; (ii) L-shaped tool whose
short end is sriven between the
silencer and tailpipe to break the
bond: Duïng cuï caét voû oáng boâ
silent chain n.chain with V-shaped
teeth: Loaïi daây xích coù raêng chöõ
V
silica n. common mineral (silicon
dioxide) found as sand, quartz,
etc. , used in the manufacture of
glass, ceramics and abrasives:
Caùt traéng (Silic ñioxyt)
silica gel = form of silica
capable of absorbing large
quantities of water, used to keep
electronic apparatus, etc. , dry:
Chaát huùt aåm
silica sand = form of silica used
for sherardizing or mechanical
plating: Caùt duøng khi maï
silicon n.non-metallic chemical
element occurring in several
forms (principally sand and rock),
silicon carbide
used in the manufacture of glass
and steel (as well as transistors
etc.): Silic (hoùa hoïc)
silicon carbide = material of
excellent abrasion and corrion
resistance used in bearings and
mechanical seals: cacbua silic
(thöôøng duøng trong baïc ñaïn)
silicone n. a silicon compound
with high resistance to heat, water
and chemicals, and with good
insulating and lubricating
properties; used in oils, polishes,
sealant, etc.: Keo silicon
silicon brake fluid = brake
fluid with does not absorb water:
Daàu phanh silicon (khoâng huùt
nöôùc)
o
tạ
silicon-rubber sealant = semi-
ào
liquid sealant which is proof
-Đ
against oil and water but not
ng
petrol: Chaát bòt kín baèng cao su
ườ
silicon (cho nöôùc, nhôùt)
Tr
(NOTE: also called RTV sealant)
n
sill n. (a) longitudinal box-section
vă
member of the body shell at floor
Lê
level, located below the doors (b)
box-section crossmember just
below the loweredge of the
bootlid (when closed): Caùi
ngöôõng cöûa.
sillment seal n. (sparking plug) gas-
tight seal between centre
electrode and insulation and
between insulation and shell.
Sillment: Ñeäm kín giöõa söù caùch
ñieän vaø ñieän cöïc giöõa bougie
silver-plating n. electrolytic
deposition of silver: Maï baïc
simplex chain n. chain with only one
row of rollers: Xích ñôn
Simpson (planetary) gear set n.
313
single-cut file
consists of two simple planetary
gear sets with a common sun gear
and internal dears of different ;the
planet carrier of one set isfixed to
the internal gear of the other set:
Cuïm baùnh raêng haønh tinh
Simpson
single-bed 3-way catalytic
converter n. converter for the
control of HC, CO, and NOx
emissions, consisting of one three-
way catalyst; in combination with
an oxygen sensor, this type of
converter ueilds the lowest
emission values: Boä xuùc taùc ba
tô
taùc duïng
ô
ện
single-bed oxidizing converter
đi
= converter with one catalyst bed
for HC and CO control: Boä xuùc
taùc moät taùc duïng
single-circuit braking system
n. old form of hydraulic braking
system in which a single circuit
serves all four brakes: Heä thoáng
phanh moät maïch daàu
(NOTE: not to be confused with
single-line braking system)
single-coil twin ignition n. in
the early days of straight eight
engines, a distributor with two sets
of contact points, firing
alternately: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
coù boä chia ñieän vôùi hai vít löûa.
single-connector system n.
electrical circuit, where only one
conductor is laid from the voltage
source to the load; return is
realized via the vehicle body: Heä
thoáng ñieän moät daây (duøng söôøn
xe laøm daây daãn chung)
single-cut file n. file with
teeth in one direction only, used
single-cylinder engine
for filing soft material: Giuõa coù
raêng theo moät höôùng.
single-cylinder engine n. not
used on cars but typical for small
motorbikes, motocross bikes, and
go-carts: Ñoäng cô moät xy lanh
single-decker bus n. bus with
one storey or deck: Xe buyùt moät
taàng
single-grade (engine) oil n. oil
suitable for use within a narrow
temperature range; outside this
range, its flow characteristics will
not allow adequate lubrication:
Daàu nhôùt ñôn caáp
single-leaf spring n. single
element suspension spring in the
form of a flexible beam: Nhíp
o
tạ
ñôn.
ào
single-line braking system n.
-Đ
braking system in which a single
ng
line is used to connect towing
ườ
vehicle and trailer: Heä thoáng
Tr
phanh moät maïch daàu
n
(NOTE: not to be confused with
vă
single-circuit braking system)
Lê
single overhead camshaft
(sohc or SOHC) n. in a typical
sohc engine, the camshaft is
located between the valves and is
driven by a chain from the
crankshaft; the valves are
normally opened via short roker
arms: Ñoäng cô coù moät truïc cam
treân naép maùy
single-piece rim/wheel n. =
ONE-PIECE RIM/WHEEL:
Nieàng xe / baùnh xe lieàn
single-pivot steering n.
steering in which a beam axle is
pivoted at its midpoint; rare
except on horse-drawn vehicles
314
sink in
and trailers: Heä thoáng laùi moät
truïc ñöùng
single-plate clutch n. normal
type of clutch, with one driven
plate; usually dry (i. e. without
oil): Ly hôïp moät ñóa (thöôøng laø
loaïi khoâ)
single point injection (SPI) n.
petrol fuel-injection system which
sprays fuel under pressure into the
intake air at one place, usually the
throttle body on the inlet
manifold; it is less complicated
than a multi-point injection system
but achieves better carburation
tô
than a carburettor: Heä thoáng
ô
ện
phun ñôn ñieåm
đi single roller chain n. =
SIMPLEX CHAIN: Xích con laên
ñôn
single-spark ignition coil n. in
a distributorless ignition system
with an odd number of cylinders,
each cylinder requires its own
ignition coil; distributor logic on
the low-voltage side performs the
voltage distribution to each coil:
Boâbin ñôn
single-tube shock absorber n.
common type of shock absorber
with the working cylinder and
reservoir contained in one tube:
Boä giaûm chaán moät oáng
single-wheel suspension n. =
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION:
Heä thoáng treo ñoäc laäp
sink in v. a tendency of a hardened
filler to settle excessively, making
the feather edges of the filled area
stand out on the painted surface:
Hieän töôïng ma tít troài ra ngoaøi
vuøng sôn (sôn)
SIR
sinter v. to manufacture parts
from powdered metals by heating
or pressure or both: Saûn xuaát chi
tieát töø boät kim loaïi
SIR = SUPPLEMENTARY
INFLATABLE RESTRAINT
six-cylinder engine n. engine with
six cylinders; may be in-line (a
straight six) or in a V-layout (a V-
6): Ñoäng cô saùu xy lanh
six-light saloon n. old
designation of a four-door body
style that features another small
quarter window behind the rear
side doors, resulting in three side
windows per side or six windows
overall: OÂ toâ mui kín saùu cöûa
sixteen valve (16V) engine n.
o
tạ
a four-cylinder engine with four
ào
valves to each cylinder: Ñoäng cô
-Đ
16 suù paùp
ng
size marking n. first part of a tyre
ườ
marking moulded on the sidewall,
Tr
giving the tyre's width in
n
millimetres: Beà roäng voû xe ghi
vă
beân hoâng voû
Lê
skeleton construction n. modern
construction layout of the unitary
type, using a skeleton-like
assembly as the main structural
member, thus relieving stress
from the body sheet metal: moâ
hình khung nguyeân khoái (ñeå
giaûm öùng suaát).
skid 1 v. (i) to slide sideways (often
out of control) (ii) to slide in a
straight line (as after sudden
braking with, maybe, locked
brakes): Tröôït
2 n. the action or result of
skidding: Söï tröôït
skid mark = the mark left on
315
sleeve
the road surface by the tyres, as a
result of emergency braking: Veát
tröôït baùnh xe treân ñöôøng khi
phanh gaáp
skid pan or US skid pad n.
large paved area, usually circular
and with various circles painted on
it, made deliberately slippery so it
may be used to practise
controlling skids, lateral
acceleration tests, etc.: Khoaûnh
ñaát taäp tröôït (daønh cho nhöõng
ngöôøi laùi xe coù theå taäp xöû lyù
nhöõng tröôït xe) khi tröôït
skid plate n. = SUMP GUARD
tô
skin n. the outer covering surface of
ô
ện
a vehicle: Lôùp sôn ngoaøi (xe)
đi
skirt: Phaàn thaân döôùi
skylight n. pop-up window in the roof
of a caravan: Cöûa soå ôû mui xe
slant engine n.= INCLINED ENGINE
SLA suspension n. = SHORT
ARM/LONG ARM SUSPENSION
slatted grille n. aerodynamic radiator
grille developed by Ford in 1976:
Keùt nöôùc khí ñoäng hoïc
slave con rod n. connecting rod of
two-stroke dual piston engines
which is articulated on the master
con rod, not directly on the
crankpin: Thanh truyeàn phuï
(trong ñoäng cô 2 kyø piston ñoâi)
slave cylinder n. small cylinder
containing a piston which, under
hydraulic pressure from a master
cylinder, operates the brake shoes
or pads in hydraulic brakes or
the working part in any other
hydraulically operated system
(such as clutch slave cylinder): Xy
lanh con (phanh, ly hôïp)ï
sleeve n. (a) tube fitted
sleeve bearing
externally over two cylindrical
parts in order to joint them: OÁng
boïc ngoaøi ñeå noái 2 oáng
(b) = CYLINDER LINER: OÁng
loùt xy lanh
sleeve bearing n. any bearing
of tubular or sleeve-like
contruction: baïc loùt daïng oáng
slide carburettor n.type of carburettor
often used in two-stroke
motocycle engines, in which a
slide valve modifies the venturi of
the carburettor: Boä cheá hoøa khí
coù van tröôït (ñoäng cô 2 kyø).
slide hammer n. tool with a
long round shaft on which a
hammer weight slides; the force
o
tạ
produced by quickly moving the
ào
weight towards the end of the
-Đ
shaft is used for loosening or
ng
pulling off tight parts; often used
ườ
in combination with pullers: Buùa
Tr
tröôït.
n
slide valve n. valve that slides
vă
across an aperture to expose the
Lê
port or opening: Van tröôït.
sliding-caliper disc brake n. disc
brake design with a sliding
caliper: (i) (caliper floats on
caliper frame grooves) major
components are: caliper (a casting
with one cylinder and piston),
caliper frame (casting); the caliper
floats on 'ways' in the frame, and
the caliper frame is bolted to the
suspension; (ii) (caliper floats on
carliper locating pins) = PIN
SLIDER CALIPER DISC
BRAKE; (iii) (with mounting
frame) = FLOATING-FRAME
DISC BRAKE: Boä keïp phanh ñóa
316
sliding side window
di ñoäng.
sliding contacts n. (ignition)
assembly developed by Lucas,
that causes the moving contact to
slide vertically across the face of
the fixed contact when the spark is
advanced: vít löûa tröôït (heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa Lucas)
sliding friction n. frictional
resistance to relative movement of
surfaces on loaded contact: Ma
saùt tröôït.
sliding joint or US slip joint or
plunging joint n. connection in the
tô
drive train, of variable length,
ô
ện
which permits the drive shaft to
đi change its effective length: Khôùp
noái tröôït.
sliding-mesh gearbox n.
obsolete type of gearbox in which
the gears on the layshaft are fixed
to the shaft rigidly, whereas the
gears on the main shaft can slide
on it by means of splines but are
otherwise in permanent rotational
mesh with the shaft: Hoäp soá caøi
soá baèng khôùp tröôït.
sliding-pillar suspension n.
once popular front suspension
layout, incorporated for example
in Lancia and Morgan cars, in
which a carrier-mounted stub axle
slides up and down a vertical
pillar with enclosed coil springs
providing the suspension; less
sophisticated versions were used
in several pre-war cycle cars: Heä
thoáng treo coù truï tröôït
sliding side window n. window
style of classic roadsters,
consisting of aluminium frames
sliding-vane pump
with tracks for two sliding window
panels made of clear Plexiglas,
and with draught seals; on some
ears, also furnished withflaps:
Loaïi cöûa hoâng tröôït.
sliding-vane pump n. positive
displacement pump in which an
eccentric rotor revolves in an
eccentric or circular case: Bôm
caùnh tröôït (roâto leïch taâm)
sliding weight n. functional part of a
sliding hammer that provides the
inertia required for the pulling
force: Quaû tröôït (buùa)
slip n. relative motion between
driving and driven parts: Söï tröôït
slip angle n. angular
difference between the direction
o
tạ
in which a tyre is effectively
ào
rolling and the wheel plane: Goùc
-Đ
tröôït
ng
slip friction n. = SLIDING
ườ
FRICTION: Ma saùt tröôït
Tr
slip joint n. (a) US = SLIDING
n
JOINT (b) connection in an
vă
exhaust pipe: Khôùp noái tröôït
Lê
slip ring n. in an alternator, the rings
that form a rotating connection
between the armature windings
and the brushes: Voøng tieáp ñieän
(maùy phaùt)
slip-ring end bracket = cover
housing the bearing at the slip-
ring end of an alternator: mieáng
chaën oå bi (phía voøng tieáp ñieän)
(NOTE: opposite is drive end
bracket)
slip roll n. = SHEET METAL
ROLLER
slip stream 1 n. stream of air behind
a moving vehicle: Luoàng khoâng
khí ñaèng sau xe ñang chuyeån
317
sludge
ñoäng
2 v. to drive closely behind
another vehicle in order to benefit
from the decreased wind
resistance immediately behind it:
chaïy sau xe khaùc ñeå ít bò caûn gioù
slip the clutch v. to operate the
clutch so that it partially
disengages, as when keeping up
the revs when driving off; causes
wear on the clutch: Raø ly hôïp.
sloper n. (informal) = INCLINED
ENGINE
sloping headlamp n. old headlamp
type used on the VW Beetle prior
tô
to 1967: Ñeøn pha nghieâng
ô
ện
slot n. a narrow channel or aperture,
đi especially the groove in the head
of a screw which receives the tip
of the blade of a screwdriver:
Raõnh, ñaàu vít (vít deïp)
slotted piston n. = SPLIT
SKIRT PISTON
slow charging n. (battery) charging
using a charging current which
corresponds to 10% of the battery
capacity: Söï naïp ñieän chaäm (aéc
quy)
SLOW DOWN indicator n. indicator
light in the instrument panel that
warns the driver to slow down in
the event of excessive catalytic
converter temperature: Ñeøn treân
tableau baùo taøi xeá chaïy chaäm laïi
khi nhieät ñoä cuûa boä xuùc taùc quaù
cao.
slow-running n. = IDLING
sludge n. = OIL SLUDGE
sluggish a. unresponsive; functioning
at below normal rate or level:
Hoaït ñoäng döôùi möùc bình
thöôøng
slushbox
slushbox n. (informal)
AUTOMATIC GEARBOX: Hoäp
soá töï ñoäng
slush moulding n. thermoplastic
casting in which a liquid resin is
poured into a hot, hollow mould
where a viscous skin forms;
excess slush is drained off, the
mould is cooled, and the moulded
product is stripped out: Ñuùc nhöïa
small block engine n. an American
V-8 engine with typically 289 cu.
in. displacement; still very
powerful, but not quite as
gargantuan as the big block: Loaïi
ñoäng cô V8 cuûa Myõ.
small end n. top of a
connecting rod, attached to the
gudgeon pin: Ñaàu nhoû thanh
truyeàn.
-Đ
small end bearing = the
ng
smaller bearing of the two on a
ườ
connecting rod and through which
Tr
the piston is attached; usually
n
fitted with a plain bearing or a
vă
needle-roller assembly: Baïc loùt
Lê
ñaàu nhoû thanh truyeàn.
SMC = SHEET MOULDING
COMPOUND
SMMT = SOCIETY OF MOTOR
MANUFACTURERS AND
TRADERS
smoke n. the visible product of
combustion; a common problem
with diesel cars on starting or
pulling hard, caused by too much
fuel (black smoke) or oil (blue
smoke): Khoùi xaû (maøu)
smoke meter = instrument
which measures the density of
(especially diesel) exhaust smoke:
Duïng cuï ño ñaëc khoùi xaû.
socket
= Sn symbol for tin: Thieác
snake n. (caravan or trailer) to swing
from side to side when being
towed too fast: Ñaûo maïnh qua laïi
khi keùo nhanh rô mooc
snap ring n. US = CIRCLIP
snatch v. = GRAB
snipe-nose pliers n. = LONG-NOSE
PLIERS
snips n. tool used to cut straight,
circular and irregular patterns in
sheet metal material; available in
various designs for straight, left-
or right-hand cut: Keùo caét toân
snow chains n. chains which are
tô
wrapped around tyres to provide
ô
ện
extra traction in snow or ice: daây
đi xích boïc voû xe (khi chaïy ñöôøng
o
tạ
tuyeát)
ào
snow chain switch = signals the
ASR system that snow chains are
fitted to the drive wheels: coâng
taéc baùo cho heä thoáng oån ñònh xe
bieát baùnh xe boïc xích
snow tyre n. = WINTER TYRE:
Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân baêng tuyeát
snubber n. = BUMP STOP
soaking time n. time required before
a dry-charged battery is ready for
use after being filled with acid:
Thôøi gian caàn thieát ñeå aéc quy
môùi söû duïng ñöôïc sau khi chaâm
acid
Society of Motor Manufacturers and
Traders (SMMT) n. official
organization of the British motor
industry: Hieäp hoäi nhöõng nhaø saûn
xuaát vaø kinh doanh oâtoâ
socket n. (a) any recess formed for
the purpose of receiving a spigot
or other part, especially one into
which an electrical connector may
318
socket driver
be inserted: Loã caém (ñieän)
(b) cylindrical spanner head with
one end shaped to fit over the
head of a nut or bolt, and a female
square drive at the other end to
accept the drive tool: Ñaàu tuyùp,
nuï.
socket driver = screwdriver-
type handle for use with sockets:
Tua vít vaën tuyùp.
socket spanner = spanner with
socket end(s) or a drive tool
combined with a socket: Caàn sieát
tuyùp
sodium-cooled exhaust valve n. the
exhaust valves of some high-
performance engines are filled
o
tạ
with sodium to improve the heat
ào
dissipation from the valve stem to
-Đ
the valve guide, since the exhaust
ng
valve is subject to higher thermal
ườ
loads than the inlet valve: Suù paùp
Tr
xaû trong ruoät coù chöùa chaát Natri
n
ñeå daãn nhieät
vă
sodium-sulphur battery n.
Lê
new type of battery, with higher
energy density than conventional
batteries such as the lead-acid
battery; developed for use in
electric powered vehicles: Bình
aéc quy Na-S
softening agent n. = PLASTICIZER:
Chaát laøm meàm
soft face hammer n. tool for striking
objects without marking; usually
has replaceable screw-in faces
made of plastic, nylon, or rubber:
Buùa ñaàu nhöïa.
soft-sided caravan n. caravan
with canvas or other fabric walls,
which folds compactly to the size
319
soldering iron
and shape of a small trailer whose
light weight and low profile result
in low wind resistance and fuel
consumption: Xe coù khung ñöôïc
boïc baèng vaûi baït.
soft top n. a convertible with a
roof made of fabric rather than
metal: Xe mui traàn coù mui vaûi
SOHC or sohc = SINGLE
OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT: Truïc
cam ñôn treân naép maùy
solar car n. lightweight electric
vehicle powered by solar
generators: Xe söû duïng naêng
tô
löôïng maët trôøi
ô
ện
solar collector n. heat
đi exchanger that transforms solar
radiant energy into heat; typical
solar collectors are flat-plate
collectors and concentrating
collectors: Boä thu nhieät maët trôøi
solar generator n. a panel-
shaped array of photovoltaic cells
designed to transform solar
radiant energy directly into
electric energy; installed on car
roofs, they can be used to
recharge the batteries of electric-
powered cars: Pin naêng löôïng
maët trôøi ñaët treân noùc xe ñieän
solder 1 n. alloy which is melted to
form a joint between two metal
surfaces; typically, soft solders are
alloys of lead and tin, whilst hard
solders are alloys of copper and
zinc: Hôïp kim haøn (goàm chì vaø
thieác hoaëc ñoàng vaø keõm)
2 v. to join together using solder:
Haøn
soldering iron n. tool with a
handle attached to a copper or iron
solenoid
tip which is heated, electrically or
in a flame, and used to melt solder
to make joints: Duïng cuï keïp que
haøn
solenoid n. an electrically energized
coil of insulated wire which
produces a magnetic field within
the coil, usually used to pull a
movable iron core/plunger to a
central position within the coil;
used as an actuating device, e. g.
for valves: Cuoän daây (nam chaâm
ñieän)
solenoid starter switch =
solenoid-operated starter motor
switch: Coâng taéc maùy khôûi ñoäng
duøng solenoid
solenoid valve = valve actuated
o
tạ
electrically by means of an
ào
electromagnet, or 'solenoid' : Van
-Đ
solenoid
ng
solid a. (of brake discs) unventilated:
ườ
Ñóa phanh khoâng thoâng gioù
Tr
solid disc wheel n. = PLAIN
n
DISC WHEEL
vă
solidify v. to become solid,
Lê
compact, or hard: Trôû neân cöùng
solid injection n. = DIRECT
INJECTION: Phun tröïc tieáp
solid paint n. paint of one
uniform colour, not metallic: Sôn
moät maøu
solid propellant n. propellant in
pellet form, used to inflate air
bags: Chaát noå raén (tuùi khí)
solid-state ignition (system) n.
= DISTRIBUTORLESS
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa khoâng duøng boä chia
ñieän
solid tyre n. solid rubber tyre
that is not inflated by air: Voû ñaëc
320
sooted
(khoâng coù ruoät)
(NOTE: opposite is pneumatic
tyre)
soluable anode n. positive electrode
of a galvanic cell at which metal
ions pass into solution: Cöïc döông
hoøa tan (pin gavani)
solution n. single,
homogeneous liquid, solid, or gas
phase that is a mixture in which
the components (liquid, gas, solid,
or combination thereof) are
distributed uniformly: Dung dòch
solution pressure = measure of
the tendency of hydrogen, metals,
tô
and certain non-metals to pass into
ô
ện
solution as ions: AÙp suaát tan vaøo
đi dung dòch
solvent n. liquid which can
dissolve another substance to form
a solution: Dung moâi
sonic idling or sonic throttling n.
system developed by Ford, for a
fixed-jet carburettor which uses
air at the speed of sound to
atomize fuel supplied by the idling
circuit; makes idling smoother and
reduces exhaust pollution: Xeù
nhuyeãn nhieân lieäu baèng sieâu aâm.
sonoscope n. diagnostic tool used to
listen for noises in engines and
identify trouble spots such as
faulty valves, worn gears and
water pump, bearing knock,
damaged gaskets or piston slap:
Tai nghe - duïng cuï chaån ñoaùn
qua tieáng khua cuûa ñoäng cô
(NOTE: also called a mechanic's
stethoscope)
sooted or sooty plug n. carbon-
fouled sparking plug: Bougie bò
phu muoäi than
sound absorbtion
sound absorbtion n. the weight and
space restrictions of modern cars
call for sound absorbtion using
thin-walled materials, whose
thickness is small in relation to the
wave length of the sound to be
absorbed: Söï huùt aâm
sound proofing material n. any
material used to deaden the sound
from surfaces which transmit or
generate noise; (e. g. felt lining on
the underside of a bonnet): Vaät
lieäu caùch aâm
souped up a. (informal) modified or
turned for greater power: Taêng
coâng suaát cuûa xe baèng caùch caûi
tieán hoaëc hieäu chænh
space frame n. type of strong, steel
o
tạ
chassis construction used for
ào
sports cars: Khung xe theå thao
-Đ
spacer n. generally, anything
ng
that separates one part from
ườ
another: Vaät ngaên (giöõa hai boä
Tr
phaän), mieáng ñeäm
n
spacer ring = EXPANDER
vă
SPACER: Voøng ñeäm
Lê
space-saving spare wheel n. wheel
with a cross-ply tyre folded
together on the rim; in the event
of a puncture or a badly damaged
wheel, the tyre is inflated by a
compressor: Baùnh xe döï phoøng
(NOTE: US English is collapsible
spare tire)
space wagon n. a vehicle category
introduced in the USA in 1983
with the Chrysler Voyager, and in
Europe at the end of the 1980s
with the Renault Espace; a multi-
purpose vehicle for everyday and
recreational use that combines the
handling and luxury of a saloon
321
spark advance
with the space and headroom of a
van; usually with three rows of
seats for at least six people and
with a sliding door on the side
space: Daïng xe van
spalling n. flaking of the surface of a
bearing: Bong beà maët (baïc loùt)
spangles n. crystal structure on hot-
dip galvanized metals: Vaân hoa
treân maët toân traùng keõm
spanner n. steel hand tool with jaws
or a hole of particular shape at the
end, designed to fit round a nut or
bolt head in order to turn it: Chìa
khoùa coù raêng môû ñai oác
tô
spare n. (a) = SPARE PART: phuï
ô
ện
tuøng
đi (b) = SPARE WHEEL: Baùnh xe
döï phoøng
spare part n. a replacement
part, either available from a
dealer or carried with the vehicle
(like bulbs, fuses, plugs, etc.): Ñoà
Phuï tuøng
spares car n. = DONOR CAR
spare tyre/wheel n. additional
wheel which allows for the
replacement of a defective wheel
or a punctured tyre: Voû xe / baùnh
xe döï phoøng
spare tyre carrier = on light
commercial vehicles, the spare
wheel is usually mounted below
the loading area in a horizontal
rack near the rear axle: Giaù gaén
baùnh xe döï phoøng
spark n. electric spark that jumps
across the sparking plug gap to
initiate the combustion of the
air/fuel mixture: Tia löûa
spark advance n.= IGNITION
ADVANCE: Söï ñaùnh löûa sôùm
spark air gap
spark air gap n. gap between
the electrodes of a sparking plug:
Khe hôû bougie
spark angle n. = IGNITION
ANGLE Goùc ñaùnh löûa
spark-angle map = IGNITION
MAP: Baûn ñoà goùc ñaùnh löûa
(trong boä nhôù)
spark breakaway n. end of
spark duration: Keát thuùc khoaûng
thôøi gian tia löûa toàn taïi
spark control computer (SCC)
n. electronic control unit with
electronic spark timing: Maùy tính
ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
spark current n. current that
flows across the electrodes of a
spark gap at a particular point in
o
tạ
time: Doøng qua bougie
ào
spark discharge voltage n. =
-Đ
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu
ng
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa
ườ
spark duration n. burning time
Tr
of the arc following the initial
n
vă
flashover between the sparking
plug electrodes until the residual
Lê
energy decays: Thôøi gian tia löûa
toàn taïi
spark gap n. = SPARKING PLUG
GAP: Khe hôû bougie
spark gap coil tester = tester
providing a spark gap or neon tube
to provide a comparison for the
coil being tested: maùy kieåm tra
boâbin
spark head n. displayed as a firing
spike on an oscilloscope pattern:
Ñaàu nhoïn xung ñaùnh löûa (dao
ñoäng kyù)
spark ignition n. ignition
initiated by an electric spark in a
spark ignition engine: Söï ñaùnh
322
sparking plug cable coverstrip
löûa
spark ignition angle =
IGNITION ANGLE: Goùc ñaùnh
löûa
spark ignition engine = SI
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô ñaùnh löûa
cöôõng böùc
sparking plug n. device screwed into
the cylinder head of spark ignition
engines (one sparking plug per
cylinder) which initiates fuel
combustion by an electric spark
arcing from the centre electrode to
the side electrode; typically
consisting of a steel shell with a
tô
hexagon and a thread with the
ô
ện
welded-on side electrode, a
đi ceramic insulator and the centre
electrode: Bougie
sparking plug body n. = SPARKING
PLUG SHELL: Thaân bougie
sparking plug boot n. moulded
rubber or plastic insulator which
fits over a sparking plug terminal:
Ñaàu chuïp bougie
sparking plug boot puller =
special automotive tool for the
safe removal and installation of
sparking plug boots: Duïng cuï keïp
keùo naép chuïp bougie
sparking plug brush n. hard,
compact brush for removing
carbon from sparking plug
electrodes: Baøn chaûi laøm saïch
bougie
sparking plug cable n. high-
voltage cable from the distributor
to the sparking plug: Daây phin,
daây cao aùp
sparking plug cable coverstrip
= connecting system that
integrates the sparking plug
sparking plug cable
connectors, sparking plug leads,
distributor cap, distributor
connector, high-voltage cable, and
ignition coil connector: Nguyeân
boä daây cao aùp keå caû naép delco
sparking plug cable or loom
separator = typically, a T-shaped
and sometimes chrome-plated
steel holder with cable guide
holes and plastic inserts; keeps
cables neatly in place and
eliminates ignition leakage: Ñaàu
giöõ daây phin
sparking plug condition n.
visual appearance of the sparking
plug electrodes and insulator:
Tình traïng bougie
sparking plug electrode n. the
o
tạ
two electrodes in a sparking plug
ào
are the centre electrode and the
-Đ
side (or earth) electrode: Ñieän
ng
cöïc bougie
ườ
sparking plug gap n. the
Tr
shortest distance between the
n
centre and side electrodes of a
vă
sparking plug where the spark
Lê
jumps over (approx. 0.6-1.1 mm):
Khe hôû bougie
sparking plug gauge n. tool
used for checking sparking plug
gaps; usually with metal feeler
blades or calibrated wire feelers;
often includes an electrode
adjusting tool for altering the gap
between the electrodes: Duïng cuï
kieåm tra khe hôû bougie
sparking plug insert tap n.
tool used to enlarge and tap new
threads in damaged sparking plug
holes in order to accept sparking
plug inserts: Taroâ loã baét bougie
sparking plug insulator n.
323
sparking rate
highly stressed part of the
sparking plug, usually made of
alumina ceramic, which serves to
insulate the centre electrode and
the terminal stud from the shell;
its material must have high
dielectric, mechanical and thermal
strength as well as good thermal
conductivity: Söù caùch ñieän bougie
sparking plug lead n. =
SPARKING PLUG CABLE: Daây
phin
sparking plug pliers n. pliers-
like tool with specially shaped
jaws to securely grip sparking
tô
plug boots for removal and
ô
ện
installation, and insulated handles
đi for shockproof grip: Kìm thaùo laép
naép chuïp bougie
sparking plug shell n. metal
body of the sparking plug which
encloses the lower part of the
insulator: Thaân bougie (phaàn kim
loaïi)
sparking plug tester n.
screwdriver with a bulb inside the
handle, which lights up if a spark
is present when the blade is
touched against the outside
insulation of the sparking plug
cable: Maùy thöû bougie
sparking plug spanner n.
spanner for removing and
installing sparking plugs; come in
a variety of shapes, e. g. with
swivel or T-handle, and many
have rubber inserts to prevent
damage to the fragile insulating
porcelain: Chìa, oáng môû bougie
sparking rate n. the sparking rateper
minute in a spark ignition engine
is the number of cylinders
sparking voltage
multiplied by half the engine
speed: Toác ñoä phaùt ra tia löûa
sparking voltage n.
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa
spark knock n. = ENGINE
KNOCK: Hieän töôïng kích noå
trong ñoäng cô
spark map n. = IGNITION
MAP: Baûn ñoà ñaùnh löûa sôùm
(chöùa trong EEPROM)
spark plug n. = SPARKING
PLUG: Bougie
spark position n. the position
of the spark gap in the combustion
chamber: Vò trí tia löûa trong
buoàng chaùy
spark retard n. = IGNITION
RETARD: Ñaùnh löûa treã
spark timing n. = IGNITION
-Đ
TIMING: Thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
ng
spark voltage n. (a) voltage
ườ
required to maintain the spark
Tr
after reduction of the firing
n
vă
voltage (b) voltage measured at
Lê
the electrodes of a spark gap at a
particular point in time (c) =
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa
spatter n. sparks produced during the
welding process; more
pronounced if the welding
parameters are not correctly set or
if impurities are present on the
welded area: tia löûa haøn ñieän
spec n. (informal) = SPECIFICATION
special body n. a body not supplied
by the car manufacturer or by an
approved body supplier in the
case of manufacturers that do not
build their own bodies, but rather
by an independent coachbuilder
speed category
who produces a body different
from the standard body: Khung xe
= ñaëc bieät
specific activity n. the conversion
rate of a given catalytic converter
per unit volume; it is desirable to
have a high specific activity, i. e. a
small but efficient converter: Toác
ñoä hoaù khöû
specification n. detailed
technical description of a part,
piece of machinery, plan or
proposal: Caùc ñaëc ñieåm (kyõ
thuaät)
specific fuel consumption
tô
(SFC) n. the amount of fuel
ô
ện
consumed by an engine for each
đi unit of energy produced;
o
tạ
measured in kilograms-per-
ào
megajoule or per-kilowatt-hour or
pounds-per-bhp-hour: Möùc tieâu
hao nhieân lieäu rieâng
specific speed n. an index which
provides information on the
general profile or shape of the
impeller of a pump: Toác ñoä ñaëc
tröng (bôm)
specular finish or specular gloss n.
a mirrorlike finish of high
reflectivity: ñaùnh boùng nhö
göông
speech synthesizer n. electronic
device which simulates speech to
warn the driver of something
wrong (such as an unclosed door):
Boä phaùt tieáng noùi (thoâng baùo
trong xe)
speed n. (a) rate of movement:
Toác ñoä
(b) (transmission) gear or gear
ratio: Tyû soá truyeàn
speed category n. = SPEED
324
speed control (system)
RATING
speed control (system) n. =
CRUISE CONTROL: Heä thoáng
kieåm soaùt toác ñoä (heä thoáng ga töï
ñoäng)
speed control vacuum
advance = system which cuts off
vacuum ignition advance when a
car is cruising at low speeds,
typically under 35 mph; for this
purpose, a solenoid-operated
valve is hooked into the distributor
advance vacuum line, which is
governed by a speed-dependent
signal from a switch mounted on
the transmission: Heä thoáng ngaét
ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng ôû toác
ñoä thaáp
o
tạ
speed limit n. the maximum
ào
allowable vehicle speed at any
-Đ
given point: Toác ñoä toái ña cho
ng
pheùp
ườ
speed nut n. a self-locking
Tr
device used especially to secure
n
sheet metal screws; consists of a
vă
small steel plate with a hole and
Lê
two arched prongs that engage
with the screw thread; used
extensively to attach plastic parts
to a steel car body: Nuùt gaøi (gaén
ñoà nhöïa vaøo khung theùp cuûa xe)
speedometer or (informal)
speedo n. dashboard instrument
showing speed of travel in mph or
km/h: Ñoàng hoà ño toác ñoä xe
speedometer (drive) cable =
cable carrying the drive from the
gearbox, or a front wheel, to the
speedometer: Daây caùp ñoàng hoà
ño toác ñoä
speed rating n. the maximum driving
speed for which a tyre is designed,
325
spherical combustion chamber
indicated by a letter in the tyre
designation on the sidewall: Kyù
töï treân voû xe chæ toác ñoä toái ña
cho pheùp
speed ratio n. ratio of the speed of
the driving member of a
mechanical drive to the speed of
the driven member: Tyû soá truyeàn
speed-sensitive steering n.
type of power-assisted steering
which is light at low speeds and
increasingly heavier at higher
speeds, giving the driver more
feel: Trôï löïc laùi thay ñoåi theo
toác ñoä xe (nheï ôû toác ñoä thaáp,
tô
naëng ôû toác ñoä cao)
ô
ện
speed-sensitive wiper system
đi = system which increases blade
pressure on the windscreen as the
car gathers pace: Heä thoáng gaït
nöôùc thay ñoåi aùp löïc caàn gaït
theo toác ñoä xe
speedster n. a fast, sporty car
model: Xe theå thao cao toác
speed symbol n. = SPEED
RATING
spent gas n. the gases burnt during
the previous firing cycle that
remain in the combustion chamber
of a two-stroke engine after the
charge changing process has been
completed and the ports have
been closed by the piston: Khí soùt
(trong ñoäng cô 2 kyø)
spherical combustion chamber n.
the combustion chamber of an
internal combustion engine
equipped with reciprocating
pistons is ideally very compact in
design, i. e. without gaps, grooves,
edges, etc. ; the most favourable
design would thus be a sphere but
SPI splash panel

the valves of a four-stroke engine
make this impossible. The
combustion chamber in diesel
engines, however, is located in the
piston crown, where it is in fact
spherical: Buoàng chaùy hình caàu
SPI = SINGLE POINT INJECTION:
Phun ñôn ñieåm
spider n. a roadster with more
amenities, such as doors,
windows, boot, folding top
(unlined); may also have two
emergency rear seats, power
steering, electric windows, etc: xe
2 cöûa mui traàn gaén theâm nhieàu
handle for use with sockets, used
to quickly tighten and loosen
fasteners: Caàn sieát nuï
spiral bevel gear n. bevel gear with
curved teeth in the final drive:
Baùnh raêng noùn raêng cong
spiral casing n. = VOLUTE
CASING
spiral-type glow plug n. glow
plug having an exposed coil with a
high number of turns: Bougie
xoâng coù daây nung nhieàu voøng
spirit level n. tool for testing if a
surface is level (or vertical) using
glass tube containing an air

tô
thieát bò tieän nghi bubble: OÁng ni voâ (oáng thuûy tinh

ô
ện
spigot n. short, cylindrical projection coù chöùa moät boït khoâng khí duøng
on one part designed to fit into a đi kieåm tra maët phaúng coù naèm
o
tạ
hole in another part, for location ngang khoâng)
ào

or retaining purposes (as for road splashed graphics n. (custom paint)

-Đ

wheels): Choát ñònh vò paintwork resembling paint drops

ng

spigot bearing = small bearing and splashes on the body which

ườ

in the centre of the flywheel end look as if a can of paint had been
Tr

of the crankshaft, which carries spilled over the car; also available
n

the forward end of the clutch as stickers: Kieåu sôn xe thaønh

vă

shaft: Baïc ñaïn daãn höôùng (giöõa ñoám

Lê

baùnh ñaø) splash guard n. US = MUDFLAP

(NOTE: US English is pilot splash lubrication n. oil from
bearing) the crankshaft journals, under
spindle n. rotating rod that acts as a pressure from the oil pump, is
shaft: Truïc splashed onto the cylinder bores
spindle cap = small metal cap and gudgeon pins to provide
on the front wheel bearing: Naép lubrication: Söï boâi trôn baèng
chuïp baïc ñaïn baùnh tröôùc caùch vaåy daàu leân chi tieát (aéc
spine-back n. = BACKBONE piston, loøng xy lanh)
CHASSIS splash panel n. vertical closing
spin galvanizing n. hot dip panel mounted inside the wheel
galvanizing process for small arch ahead of the rear edge of the
objects: Maï noùng front wing and/or hinge area to
spin imbalance n. = RADIAL RUN- protect these areas from splash
OUT water and road dirt: Taám chaén
spinner handle n. screwdriver-type chaát baån

326
splash shield
splash shield n. (of disc
brakes) plate which protects the
inner surface of a disc from water
and dirt: Taám chaén nöôùc vaø chaát
baån baûo veä phanh ñóa
splash zone n. section of a car
body subject to extreme corrosion
loads due to water splash: Phaàn
gaàm xe deã bò aên moøn do nöôùc
vaêng
split bearing n. = SHELL
BEARING
split collar n. = COLLET
split-friction road surfaces n.
differing road surfaces (such as
ice and tarmac) offering differing
tyre adhesion: Maët ñöôøng khaùc
nhau laøm ñoä baùm baùnh xe khaùc
o
tạ
nhau
ào
split electrode sparking plug
-Đ
n. sparking plug with a V-shaped
ng
side electrode: Bougie coù ñieän
ườ
cöïc bìa daïng chöõ V
Tr
split (folding) rear seats n.
n
rear seats which may be folded
vă
down in two sections, thus
Lê
combining some extra luggage
space with the possibility of a
passenger sitting in the back of the
car: Gheá sau gaáp laïi ñöôïc
split pin n. metal pin for securing
a nut or rod, whose ends are bent
backwards after insertion: Choát
cheû
split skirt piston n. precursor
of the modern solid piston skirt,
with a narrow slot in one side of
the piston to allow for expansion:
Daïng piston cuõ coù khe moät beân
split spray n. incorrect setup
of a spray gun, giving a spray
pattern that is heavy at the top and
327
sponge rubber valve
bottom but narrow in the middle:
Tia phun leäch do chænh sai suùng
phun sôn
split-system master cylinder
n. = TANDEM MASTER
CYLINDER
splitting chisel n. extremely
flat chisel used for body work and
panel beating: Caùi ñuïc phaúng
split washer n. = SPRING
LOCK WASHER
split-window Beetle n. the
original VW Beetle with a 2-part
rear window split vertically;
produced up to 1953: Loaïi xe
tô
Volkswagen coù cöûa tröôït ñöùng
ô
ện
spoiler n. generally, a wing-shaped
đi device designed to reduce lift at
high speed, but may take various
forms and may be attached to the
vehicle in various places: Thieát bò
daïng caùnh gaén vaøo xe ñeå xe oån
ñònh ôû toác ñoä cao.
spoke n. (a) part connecting the hub
of a wheel to its rim; the number
and size of steering wheel spokes
have been reduced over the years
to improve the view of the
instrument panel: Caùi nan hoa
(baùnh xe, voâ laêng …)
(b) = WIRE SPOKE: Nan hoa
treân nieàng xe
spoke wheel n. a styled, cast or
forged alloy wheel with a wheel
spider which incorporates a spoke
design: Maâm ñuùc giaû nan hoa
sponge rubber valve n. a sponge-
rubber-lined valve plate attached
to a bimetallic strip, which
controls the air intake temperature
to the carburettor in some BL
cars: Van cao su xoáp
spongy lead
kieåm soaùt nhieät ñoä khí naïp
(trong boä cheá hoaø khí).
spongy lead n. pure lead which
serves as the active material in the
charged negative plates of a
battery: Chì xoáp (laøm cöïc aâm aéc
quy)
sports car or sportster n. usually a
relatively low-profile two-seater,
sometimes with two spare seats in
the back; emphasis is on handling
and performance rather than on
smooth ride: Xe theå thao
sport utility car n. a new kind of
recreational vehicle; combines
features of buggies, off-road 4wd
vehicles, and stylish sports cars for
a 'life-style-conscious' market
o
tạ
segment; first launched in the
ào
USA in 1990: Kieåu xe tieän nghi
-Đ
daïng theå thao
ng
spot lamp n. long-range, narrow-
ườ
beamed light used in addition to
Tr
the headlamps: Ñeøn roïi xa
n
spotting in n. the respraying of very
vă
small areas: Sôn daëm
Lê
spot welding n. type of resistance
welding in which two pieces of
metal are joined at a series of
points (spots) by means of heat
(usually electrically generated)
and pressure; the most important
welding method in auto body
construction: Kyõ thuaät haøn ñieåm
spot-weld drill n. = SPOT-
WELD REMOVER: Maùy khoan
thaùo moái haøn ñieåm
spot-weld remover n. (a)
special drill bit used to drill out
weld spots on sheet metal material
without damaging the panels (b)
tool for use with a hand drill;
328
spreader
features reversible cutting blade
to cut out weld spots without
damaging the sheet metal
materials; the cut depth can be
varied, e. g. to release the upper
panel only: Duïng cuï thaùo moái
haøn ñieåm
spout n. = TAILPIPE: OÁng poâ
sprag clutch n. type of one-way
clutch using spring-loaded locking
cams; found in automatic
gearboxes, overdrives and free-
wheels: Ly hôïp moät chieàu trong
hoäp soá töï ñoäng
spray gun n. (painting)
tô
apparatus shaped like a gun which
ô
ện
delivers an atomized mist of
đi liquid: Suùng phun sôn
spraying viscosity n. the
viscosity required to make a paint
suitable for spraying; i. e. neither
too thick nor too thin: Ñoä ñaëc cuûa
sôn phun
spray mist n. fogging caused
in the course of spray painting;
part of this settles as overspray on
adjacent panels and nearby
objects: Buïi sôn
spray pattern n. the shape of
the jet of spray leaving a spray
gun: Daïng tia sôn
spread n. = OVERALL GEAR
RATIO
spreader n. (a) hand-held tool used
to apply body filler to a damaged
area prepared for filling: Caùi bay
(treùt ma tít)
(b) hydraulic jack with ends
designed to reach behind dented
double panels and to press them
back into shape by the hydraulic
spreader spring
action of the wedge-shaped ends:
Daïng con ñoäi thuyû löïc duøng söûa
khung
spreader spring n. (of disc
brakes) usually cross-shaped part
made of spring steel sheet which
applies radial pressure to the
brake pads to prevent rattling: Loø
xo giaûm oàn cho phanh ñóa
(NOTE: also called anti-rattle
springs)
spring n. a coil, strip or disc of
special steel, a block of rubber or
a gas (e. g. air spring) which is
elastic enough to absorb and give
back energy: Loø xo, nhíp xe
spring bar or bow n. (soft top)
in 5-bar hood mechanisms, an
o
tạ
additional bar between the main
ào
bar and the rear window; spring
-Đ
loaded, it assists the main bar in
ng
shaping the hood; a similar effect
ườ
can be achieved by spring-steel
Tr
leaves embedded in the canvas:
n
Thanh loø xo
vă
spring beating n metalworking
Lê
process for removing pressure
ridges in body panels in which a
spring beating spoon is laid on the
ridge area and is gradually moved
across the ridge while the spoon
surface is hammered with a body
hammer: Goø khung bò loài
spring bracket n. = SPRING
HANGER: Giaù giöõ ñaàu nhíp xe
spring clip n. (a) fastening
device made of an incomplete
circle of spring steel, e. g. for
covers: Caùi phe
(b) rebound clip which holds the
spring leaves of a leaf spring
together: Ñai keïp nhíp
329
spring wind-up
spring compressor n. tool used to
restrain coil springs for safe
removal and installation: Duïng cuï
eùp loø xo
spring eye n. cylindrical hole
formed by bending the end of a
leaf spring round, for attachment
to the vehicle: Loã ñaàu nhíp
spring hanger n. rubber-
bushed bracket on a vehicle
chassis onto which a leaf spring
eye is mounted: Giaù giöõ ñaàu nhíp
xe
spring-loaded a. held in
position by pressure from a spring:
tô
ô
Chòu söùc eùp loø xo
ện
spring lock washer n. a
đi toothed, spring steel washer used
as a locking device: Loâng ñeàn
khoùa
spring mounting n. =
SPRING HANGER: Giaù giöõ ñaàu
nhíp xe
spring rate n. (of springs or
tyres) ratio of the load on a spring
to the amount it moves (deflects),
measured in newtons per
millimetre: Tæ soá giöõa taûi vaø ñoä
dòch chuyeån cuûa loø xo (heä soá ñaøn
hoài)
spring seat n. (suspension
strut) recessed mounting to
accommodate a coil spring: Beä
gaén loø xo (heä thoáng treo)
spring shackle n. =
SHACKLE
spring washer n. a warped-
looking washer, typically used to
prevent rattling by spring-loading
certain movable threaded
connections: Loâng ñeàn cong
spring wind-up n. spring
sprocket (wheel)
deformation under
acceleration or deceleration: Bieán
daïng cuûa loø xo nhuùn khi taêng
hoaëc giaûm toác
sprocket (wheel) n. wheel with teeth
which engage in a drive chain, e.
g. a timing chain: Baùnh xích
sprung mass or weight n. the weight
of those parts of the car that are
supported by the suspension
system: Khoái löôïng ñöôïc treo
spur differential n. differential in
FWD vehicles incorporating spur
gears rather than bevel gears,
since input and output shafts are
not at right angles: Boä vi sai baùnh
raêng truï troøn
spur gears n. gearwheels with
straight teeth in line with their
shafts: Baùnh raêng truï troøn
(NOTE: also called straight-cut
ng
gears)
ườ
squab n. a seat's backrest: Caùi döïa
Tr
löng (gheá)
n
squab panel = panel supporting
vă
the rear seat squabs, separating
Lê
the passenger compartment from
the luggage space: Vaùch ngaên
gheá sau vôùi khoang haønh lyù
square engine n. type of engine
design in which the bore and
stroke are the same measurement:
Ñoäng cô coù haønh trình piston
baèng ñöôøng kính
square-four engine = four
cylinder engine in which each
cylinder axis forms one corner of
a square: Ñoäng cô boán xi lanh
ñaët treân 4 goùc hình vuoâng (caùch
boá trí coù theå theo kieåu chöõ X, H)
squat n. dipping of a car's rear end
occurring during
stabilizer belt
hard acceleration, due to a load transfer
from the front to the rear
suspension: Xe bò chuùi ñuoâi
squib n. device for detonating the air
bag: Boä phaän kích noå tuùi khí
squirt box n. (informal) carburettor:
Boä cheá hoøa khí
squish band or zone n. narrow
section of a combustion chamber
in which the fuel charge is more
compressed by the piston than in
the rest of the chamber; designed
to help direct the flow of the fresh
charge and to improve
scavenging: Moät vuøng heïp cuûa
tô
buoàng ñoát maø hoãn hôïp bò neùn
ô
ện
nhieàu hôn caùc vuøng khaùc; ñöôïc
đi thieát keá ñeå ñònh höôùng doøng khí
o
tạ
naïp vaø caûi thieän söï queùt khí
ào
(thaûi soùt)
-Đ
sr = SUNROOF
SRS (short for) supplementary
restraint system; air bag: Tuùi khí
SRS warning light = air bag
warning light: Ñeøn baùo tuùi khí
SR sheathed glow plug n. = SELF-
REGULATING SHEATHED-
TYPE GLOW PLUG
SS = STAINLESS STEEL: Theùp
khoâng gæ, inox
SSC = STRESS CORROSION
CRACKING: Nöùt do öùng suaát vì
aên moøn
stabilize v. to make or keep stable:
Laøm oån ñònh, giöõ oån ñònh
stabilizer (bar) n. = ANTI-ROLL
BAR
stabilizer belt n. (of belted
radial tyres) belt consisting of
cords (usually fine steel wire)
embedded in rubber directly
hard beneath the tread and above the
330
stainless steel (SS)
radial cord body plies: Daây ñai
caân baèng
stabilizer link n. (suspension)
link which connects the anti-roll
bar to the lower wishbone: thanh
caân baèng
stainless steel (SS) n. type of steel
containing nickel and chromium,
which is resistant to corrosion:
Theùp khoâng gæ
stainless-steel exhaust system
= more hard-wearing and
therefore more expensive system
than one made of mild steel: Heä
thoáng oáng goùp thaûi duøng theùp
khoâng gæ
stainless-steel mesh = WIRE
MESH: Löôùi theùp khoâng gæ
o
tạ
stalk n. = CONTROL STALK
ào
stall v. (of an engine) to stop
-Đ
unintentionally: Cheát maùy (oâ toâ)
ng
stall speed n. test characteristic of a
ườ
fluid converter; result of the stall
Tr
test: Ñaëc tuyeán kieåm tra bieán
n
vă
moâ
stall test n. (automatic
Lê
transmission) short-time (5
seconds) full throttle operation
with the vehicle brakes fully
applied and the selector lever in
'D' position; the test results in an
engine speed (stall speed) that
indicates the performance of the
fluid converter: Kieåm tra bieán
moâ
stall torque ratio n. torque
conversion in fluid converters on
taking up drive, i. e. when the
turbine is still stationary; stage of
maximum torque multiplication:
Tæ soá truyeàn moment trong bieán
moâ
331
starter (motor)
standard equipment n. those parts
and systems of a vehicle supplied
by the manufacturer at no extra
cost, i. e. they are included in the
basic price for a given model:
Thieát bò tieâu chuaån
(NOTE: opposite is optional
equipment)
standard wheel = original
wheel on a vehicle supplied by the
car manufacturer: Baùnh xe tieâu
chuaån
(NOTE: opposite is custom
wheel)
standing start n. one method of
tô
ô
acceleration testing in which the
ện
vehicle starts from rest: Thöû
đi nghieäm taêng toác baèng caùch cho
xe chaïy töø vò trí döøng
Stanyl n. a new proprietary
polyamide with unusual
temperature stability, mechanical
strength, and resistance to oil and
grease: Nhöïa coù ñoä beàn cô vaø
chòu nhieät, daàu
start v. to use the starter motor to
crank the engine until it fires and
runs on its own: Khôûi ñoäng
start boosing = bypassing the
ballast resistor of an ignition
system when starting the engine:
taêng doøng ñaùnh löûa luùc khôûi
ñoäng nhôø noái taét ñieän trôû phuï
start bypass = bypass of the
ballast resistor: ñi taét qua ñieän
trôû phuï
starter (motor) n. powerful electric
motor that engages with the
flywheel to turn an internal
combustion engine which begins
the induction of fuel and the
ignition cycle: Maùy khôûi ñoäng
starter inhibitor switch
ñoäng cô, ñeà ma rô
starter inhibitor switch or starter
interlock or starter lockout n.
switch which prevents starting of
the engine unless certain system
conditions are fulfilled; e. g. on
cars with automatic transmission,
the selector lever must be in
Neutral or Park: Coâng taéc an
toaøn (ngaét khôûi ñoäng cho xe coù
hoäp soá töï ñoäng) khi tay soá khoâng
ôû P hoaëc N
starter ring gear n. a gear
fitted around the flywheel that is
engaged by teeth on the starter
drive to crank the engine: Voøng
raêng khôûi ñoäng treân baùnh ñaø
starter solenoid n. assembly
of a pre-engaged starter used first
to engage the pinion teeth with the
-Đ
flywheel ring gear and then to
ng
switch on the starter current:
ườ
Solenoid maùy khôûi ñoäng (Rôle
Tr
gaøi khôùp)
n
starter switch control cable n.
vă
mechanical cable to the starter
Lê
switch on vehicles without a
starter solenoid (e. g. Fiat 500):
Maùy khôûi ñoäng ñieàu khieån baèng
caùp
starting carburettor
usually a simple slide carburettor
which works in parallel with the
main carburettor and acts as a
starting aid: boä cheá hoaø khí phuï
(giuùp khôûi ñoäng)
starting handle n. cranked
handle for turning an engine over
manually: Tay quay ñeå khôûi ñoäng
maùy
starting interlock n.
STARTER INHIBITOR SWITCH
static (ignition) timing
starting switch n. on certain
classic cars, separate switches are
used to turn the ignition on and to
operate the starter; on such cars,
the starting switch was a push
button, often located in the centre
of the dashboard; on modern cars,
the starting switch is integrated in
the ignition and starter switch:
Coâng taéc khôûi ñoäng
star wheel n. adjusting nut on a drum
brake or clutch: OÁc chænh trong
phanh troáng hoaëc ly hôïp
static balancing n. checking a
wheel's balance by seeing if it
tô
stops in the same position when
ô
ện
rotated; if it does, a small weight
đi is attached to the rim opposite the
o
tạ
heavy area (i. e. opposite the
ào
bottom of the wheel when it
stopsrotating). A tyre and wheel
assembly is in static balance when
the weight of the wheel is evenly
distributed around the axis of
rotation: Caân baèng tónh baùnh xe
(NOTE: opposite is dynamic
balancing)
static belt n. seat belt with no
automatic belt retractor and whose
length is manually adjusted: Daây
n. ñai an toaøn ñöôïc ñieàu chænh
baèng tay
static friction: Ma saùt tónh
static high-voltage distribution
n. high-voltage distribution
achieved without a rotary
distributor, using multi-spark
ignition coils or one coil per
sparking plug: Ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp
(khoâng coù delco)
= static (ignition) timing n. now
obsolete timing procedure carried
332
static seal
out by rotating the engine until
the timing marks are aligned and
then connecting a test lamp or a
voltmeter between the negative
coil terminal and earth; when the
points open, the test lamp lights up
or the voltmeter registers battery
voltage: Söï caân löûa tónh (duøng
boùng ñeøn)
(NOTE: opposite is dynamic or
stroboscopic ignition timing)
static seal n. oil seal between
two stationary parts: Ñeäm kín
chaän nhôùt giöõa hai boä phaän
khoâng chuyeån ñoäng)
(NOTE: opposite is dynamic seal)
station wagon n. US estate car: Xe
coù ngaên rieâng xeáp haønh lyù
o
tạ
stator n. (a) (of an alternator) the
ào
stationary windings in which
-Đ
electric current is generated;
ng
located between drive end and
ườ
slip-ring end fittings, consisting of
Tr
a stator frame with windings in
n
three circuits to generate three-
vă
phase current which is then
Lê
rectified by diodes: Phaàn tónh
trong maùy phaùt ñieän
(b) (magnetic pick-up assembly)
self-contained unit of the
magnetic pick-up, consisting of a
permanent magnet, an inductive
winding and the pick-up core; the
stator can be a disc-shaped pole
piece with tooth or a simple pole
piece: Stato trong caûm bieán ñieän
töø
(c) (fluid converter, automatic
transmission) wheel with curved
blades (sometimes adjustable)
mounted on a one-way clutch; it
serves as a reaction member, i. e.
333
steel wheel
it multiplies the torque output of
the turbine by increasing the
momentum of the fluid flow acting
on the latter: Baùnh coâng taùc
trong bieán moâ
stator roller clutch n. (fluid
converter) holds the stator
stationary as long as its blades are
struck by the fluid flow against the
rotational direction of pump and
turbine; if the fluid flows in the
direction of rotation, the stator
starts running: Ly hôïp baùnh coâng
taùc
Stealth Bra n. nose covering
tô
composed of composite materials
ô
ện
that absorb microwaves emitted
đi by radar devices and significantly
diminish the return signal,
makinga car less detectable to
police radar; ineffective against
speed cameras or light-operated
speed guns: Ñaàu choáng suùng baén
toác ñoä cuûa caûnh saùt giao thoâng
steam clean v. to clean the engine
with a high-pressure jet of steam:
Laøm saïch baèng hôi nöôùc
steam injection system n. based
on the same principle as water
injection systems, the steam
injection system uses engine
exhaust heat and a boiler to pre-
heat and boil the water before it is
injected into the inlet manifold as
steam: Heä thoáng phun hôi nöôùc
steel n. an alloy of iron containing a
small percentage of carbon: Theùp
steel strip = sheet steel less
than 600 mm wide: Theùp taám coù
ñoä roäng ít hôn 600 mm
steel wheel = consists of a steel
disc and steel rim which are
steering
welded together to provide better
impact-resistance, lower price,
and higher weight than alloy
wheels: Baùnh xe baèng theùp
steering n. general term
encompassing all components of
the steering system or the steering
function of a vehicle: Söï laùi xe,
heä thoáng laùi
steering angle n. horizontal
angle between the plane of a
steered wheel when cornering,
and the plane when adjusted
straight ahead: Goùc laùi; steering
angle sensor: Caûm bieán goùc ñoä
tay laùi
steering arm n. a forged lever
attached to the steering knuckle
o
tạ
and to one of the tie rods: Tay
ào
ñoøn laùi, caàn daãn höôùng
-Đ
steering axis n. = KINGPIN
ng
AXIS: Truïc truï quay ñöùng
ườ
steering axis inclination (SAI)
Tr
= KINGPIN INCLINATION
n
(KPI): Goùc nghieâng truï quay
vă
ñöùng, goùc King pin
Lê
steering box n. the part of the
steering system that is located at
the lower end of the steering
shaft; changes the rotary
movement of the steering wheel
into the linear motion of the front
wheels for steering: Hoäp cô caáu
laùi
steering column n. shaft
between the steering wheel and
steering box or rack and pinion:
Truïc tay laùi xe
steering column controls =
consist mainly of control stalks for
some or all of the following:
lights, windscreen wipers and
334
steering knuckle
washers, direction indicators and
horn: Coâng taéc ñieàu khieån treân
truïc tay laùi
steering column gearchange =
COLUMN GEARCHANGE
steering damper n. a shock-
absorber-like bump stop which
absorbs vibrations in the steering
system: Boä giaûm xoùc tay laùi
steering gear n. (i) the whole
mechanism by which a vehicle is
steered (ii) the gears in this
mechanism: Cô caáu laùi
steering gear arm = DROP
ARM: Tay ñoøn boä phaän laùi
tô
steering gearbox = STEERING
ô
ện
BOX: Hoäp laùi
đi steering gear shaft = the
rotating, torque-transmitting part
of the steering column: Truïc tay
laùi
steering geometry n. the
geometric arrangement of the
components and linkages of a
steering system, incorporating
various steering angles: Hình hoïc
cô caáu laùi
steering kickback n. sharp
and rapid movements of the
steering wheel as the front wheels
encounter obstruction in the road;
the shocks of these encounter
'kick back' to the steering wheel:
Phaûn löïc tay laùi (khi baùnh tröôùc
ñuïng chöôùng ngaïi vaät)
steering knuckle n. the part of
the front suspension on which a
front wheel is mounted; strictly
speaking, an assembly or single
component comprising stub axle
and steering arm, stub axle often
being used to describe the
steering knuckle arm
steering knuckle itself: Truïc
khôùp noái daãn höôùng
steering knuckle arm =
STEERING ARM
steering linkage n. all parts
conveying movement from the
rack or steering box to the
steering swivels (e. g. track rods
and steering arms): Caùc thanh
noái trong heä thoáng laùi xe chuyeån
löïc töø boä baùnh raêng daãn höôùng
ñeán baùnh xe
steering lock n. (a) lock that
stops the steering wheel being
turned when the ignition is
switched fully: Khoùa tay laùi
(b) = LOCK
steering ratio n. the number
of degrees that the steering wheel
must be turned to pivot the front
-Đ
wheels one degree: Tyû soá truyeàn
ng
cô caáu laùi
ườ
steering support (structure)
Tr
n. mounting locations and
n
reinforcements for fitting the
vă
steering box to the bulkhead or
Lê
side member: Ñeá hoäp laùi
steering swivel n.
STEERING KNUCKLE
steering-swivel axis
SWIVEL AXIS
steering-swivel inclination =
KINGPIN INCLINATION: Goùc
nghieâng truï quay ñöùng
steering system n.
STEERING: Heä thoáng laùi
steering wheel n. wheel
which is turned by the driver to
control the direction of the
vehicle: Voâ laêng laùi xe
steering wheel and brake lock
= anti-theft device in the form of
stepless transmission
an extendable steel rod that
engages in a spoke of the steering
wheel and the brake or clutch
pedal; when locked, neither wheel
nor pedal can be operated: Baùnh
laùi vaø khoùa phanh
steering wheel balance =
measures the steering wheel angle
in an automatic steering wheel
centring system: Caân baèng baùnh
laùi
steering wheel centring =
adjusts the steering wheel and
steering system so that the wheel
is in its centre position when the
tô
front wheels are pointing straight
ô
ện
ahead: Söï ñònh taâm baùnh laùi
đi steering wheel damper =
o
tạ
STEERING DAMPER: Boä giaûm
ào
chaán voâ laêng
steering wheel puller = special
puller for removing steering
wheels: Duïng cuï caõo voâ laêng
Stellite n. proprietary range of
very hard, wear-resistant alloys
containing cobalt, chromium,
carbon, tungsten and
= molybdenum; used for tools,
castings, valve seat inserts,
= coating exhaust valves, etc.: Stelit
(hôïp kim goàm coban, crom,
vonfram vaø molipden)
stem seal n. valve stem seal between
the valve and cylinder head: Phôùt
= ñuoâi suù paùp
step feeler gauge n. feeler
gauge with metal feeler blades;
the thickness of the blade
increases from one end of the
blade to the other: Duïng cuï ño
khe hôû coù naác
stepless transmission n. =
335
stepped compression ring
CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE
TRANSMISSION: Hoäp soá voâ caáp
(hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
stepped compression ring n.
= L-SECTION RING
stepped piston n. an obsolete
design of two-stroke pistons; the
diameter of the lower part of the
piston was larger than the top
diameter; it ran in a similarly
stepped bore and was said to give
better compression of the
incoming mixture: Pittoâng coù baäc
stepped planet gear n. planet
gear with different diameters:
Baùnh raêng haønh tinh coù ñöôøng
kính khaùc nhau
stepper motor n. on some
o
tạ
carburettor cars, stepper motors
ào
are used to adjust the air/fuel
-Đ
mixture; they are controlled by the
ng
ECM: Motor böôùc, ñoäng cô böôùc
ườ
step plate n. (a) small step for
Tr
climbing into a vehicle (e. g. on an
n
ATV or RV): Baäc leân xe
vă
step steering input n. rapid
Lê
change in steering angle, for
example when a steered wheel
hits an obstacle: Söï thay ñoåi
nhanh goùc laùi
sticker price n. US manufacturer's
suggested retail price (as
displayed on an afixed sticker),
usually subject to a negotiable
discount: Giaù baùn leû ñeà nghò
sticking n. (welding) fusing of the
electrode to the surface of the
piece being worked on, mainly at
the beginning of the welding
cycle: Chaûy ñaàu cöïc (haøn ñieän)
leân choã haøn
stick shift n. US gear change with a
336
stoichiometric ratio
gear lever: Söï sang soá baèng caàn
sticky clutch n. = CLUTCH DRAG
stiction n. shortened form of static
friction; the frictional force which
must be overcome to set one
object in motion when it is in
contact with another: Ma saùt laên
stiff a. not easily bent or turned:
Cöùng khoù uoán
stiffness under flexure n. a measure
of the resistance offered by a test
specimen to its tendency to bend
under the action of forces (own
weight): Ñoä cöùng döôùi beà maët
choã uoán cong
tô
stiff nut n. = SELF-
ô
ện
LOCKING NUT
đi
Stillson wrench n. very large heavy-
duty adjustable wrench: Chìa vaën
ñai oác Stillson
stink-bomb smell n. = ROTTEN-
EGG SMELL: Muøi tröùng thoái
Stirling engine n. an external
combustion engine that uses air or
an inert gas as the working fluid
operating on a highly efficient
thermodynamic cycle: Ñoäng cô
Stirling (ñoäng cô ñoát ngoaøi)
stirrup bolt n. = U-BOLT: Bu-loâng
chöõ U
stock car n. production car (usually a
saloon) modified for a form of
racing in which the cars often
(deliberately) collide: Xe söûa laïi
ñeå ñua (cho va chaïm)
stoichiometric a. having the exact
proportions for a particular
chemical reaction: Tyû leä chính
xaùc ñuû cho phaûn öùng hoaù hoïc (lyù
töôûng)
stoichiometric ratio = in a
spark-ignition engine, the ideal
stone chip damage
air/fuel mixture ratio of 14.7:1,
which must be maintained on
engines with dual-bed and three-
way catalytic converters: Tyû leä
hoøa khí lyù töôûng (ñoäng cô xaêng
14.7:1)
stone chip damage n. paintwork
defect caused by gravel or stones:
hö sôn do ñaù vaêng
stone deflector or stone guard
or stone shield n. separate panel
fitted below the front bumper or
on the leading edge of the rear
wing to provide protection from
rocks, dirt, etc.: Taám chaén ñaù
vaêng
stop n. component which limits the
motion, travel or stroke of a
o
tạ
moving part: Cô caáu haïn cheá
ào
haønh trình
-Đ
(NOTE: a more informal word for
ng
abutment)
ườ
stop light n. (a) = BRAKE
Tr
LIGHT: Ñeøn phanh
n
vă
(b) red light on a traffic signal
indicating that vehicles should
Lê
stop: Ñeøn ñoû (giao thoâng)
stopping distance n. the total amount
of time (translated into distance) a
vehicle and driver need in which
to come to a halt; the shortest
stopping distance is the reaction
(or thinking) distance (of the
driver) added to the braking
distance (of the vehicle): Khoaûng
caùch phanh (quaõng ñöôøng
phanh)
storage battery n. a rechargeable
single cell or connected group of
two or more storage cells such as
the type used in vehicles: AÉc quy
hoaëc pin naïp laïi ñöôïc
337
straightening kit
(NOTE: opposite is primary
battery)
storage cell n. an electrolytic
cell for generating electric
energy; rechargeable by sending a
current through it in the opposite
direction to the discharging
current: Pin saïc
stove v. to dry a coat of paint in heat:
Laøm khoâ lôùp sôn baèng nhieät
stoving n. process of drying or
curing a paint coating by the
application of heat; immediately
after stoving, the paint film is still
soft, taking some time to harden:
tô
Quaù trình laøm khoâ lôùp sôn baèng
ô
ện
nhieät
đi
straight-cut gear n. = SPUR GEAR:
Baùnh raêng truï troøn
straight edge n. rule-type
toolwithout graduation for
checking, e. g. warp of cylinder
block and head: Thöôùc thaúng
khoâng chia ñoä duøng cho kieåm tra
khoái vaø naép xy lanh
straight eight n. an eight-
cylinder in-line engine: Ñoäng cô
taùm xy lanh thaúng haøng
straight engine n. = IN-LINE
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô thaúng haøng
straightening bench n.
workbench or fixture equipped to
hold single panels such as doors or
bonnets for straightening and
metalworking jobs: Baøn keïp cuûa
thôï ñoàng ñeå giöõ chaët taám kim
loaïi khi laøm ñoàng
straightening kit or set =
power jacks used to straighten
localized body damage,
essentially comprising special ram
cylinders, pumps, attachments,
straight-line stability
and extensions: Boä ñoà ngheà naén
thaúng
straight-line stability n. =
DIRECTIONAL STABILITY
straight pattern snips n. snips
with cutting blades designed for
straight cuts on sheet metal
material: Keùo caét thaúng (taám
kim loaïi)
straight six n. a six-cylinder
in-line enigne: Ñoäng cô thaúng
haøng saùu xy lanh
straight-through silencer n.
type of absorption silencer with a
single perforated tube surrounded
by sound-absorbing fibre which
creates less back pressure and
consequent loss of power than
o
tạ
other types: Boä giaûm thanh moät
ào
oáng thaúng suoát
-Đ
straight weight (engine) oil n.
ng
= SINGLE-GRADE (ENGINE)
ườ
OIL: Daàu nhôùt ñôn caáp
Tr
strainer n. wire mesh filter, as used
n
in an oil pump strainer in the
vă
sump: Löôùi loïc daàu
Lê
strand n. one of a number of wires
twisted together to form an
electrical conductor or cable: Daây
ñieän beän töø nhieàu sôïi
strangler n. (informal) old name for
choke: Teân cuõ cuûa böôùm gioù
strap wrench n. tool for
loosening and tightening round or
irregularly shaped objects such as
oil filters, featuring a strap which
is wrapped around the object, and
a lever or key by means of which
the object is turned: Duïng cuï
thaùo laép loïc nhôùt
stratified charge n. in a SI engine,
an air/fuel charge which consists
338
stress corrosion cracking
mainly of a lean mixture and a
small layer or pocket of rich
mixture; the rich mixture is ignited
first, then ignition spreads to the
leaner mixture filling the rest of
the combustion chamber: Söï naïp
phaân taàng
straw n. convenient DIY tool for
blowing debris from the sparking
plug recess before plug removal:
Duïng cuï töï laøm ñeå thoåi saïch loã
bougie
streak n. a long thin trace of dirt:
Veát baån moûng daøi
streamline v. to design the shape
tô
of a car body or lorry cab so that it
ô
ện
reduces air resistance to a
đi minimum: Thieát keá thaân xe khí
ñoäng hoïc
street car n. US = TRAM(CAR):
Xe chôû khaùch coâng coäng chaïy
baèng ñieän, chaïy treân ñöôøng ray;
xe ñieän
strength n. the stress at which
material ruptures or fails: Söùc
beàn, ñoä beàn
stress n. force causing deformation
or strain: ÖÙng suaát
stress concentration = a
condition in which a stress
distribution has high localized
stresses; usually induced by an
abrupt change in the shape of a
member (often in the vicinity of
notches etc.): Söï taäp trung öùng
suaát
stress corrosion cracking
(SSC) = cracking due to stress
corrosion and straining of a metal
due to residual or applied stresses:
veát nöùt do öùng suaát trong quaù
trình aên moøn
stress cracking
stress cracking or fracturing =
damage of parts, especially body
panels, subject to constant
overload caused by improper
mounting; this introduces strain
into the panels, causing them
eventually to crack: Gaõy do öùng
suaát
stretch limo n. (informal) limousine
that has been lengthened to
provide extra seating and more
legroom: Xe hôi to sang troïng coù
kính ngaên giöõa taøi xeá vaø haønh
khaùch daøi hôi bình thöôøng
strip v. to tear off or break the thread
from a screw, bolt, etc. or the
teeth from a gear: Laøm hö ren,
hö raêng
o
tạ
strobe lamp/light n. (informal) =
ào
STROBOSCOPE: Ñeøn caân löûa
-Đ
stroboscope n. = TIMING
ng
LIGHT: Ñeøn caân löûa
ườ
stroboscope ignition timing n.
Tr
= DYNAMIC IGNITION
n
TIMING: Ñeøn caân thôøi ñieåm
vă
ñaùnh löûa
Lê
stroke 1 n. (a) any of a series of
continuous, often reciprocating,
movements; a cycle: Thì, kyø
(b) in a reciprocating engine, the
distance between the highest and
lowest points reached by the
piston: Khoaûng chaïy pittoâng
2 v. to modify the stroke of an
engine, by using a different
crankshaft to increase or reduce
displacement; stroking normally
refers to an increase in cc or litre:
Thay ñoåi khoaûng chaïy
Stromberg carburettor n. a type of
variable venturi carburettor: Boä
cheá hoøa khí Stromberg (loaïi boä
339
strut
cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách taùn
thay ñoåi)
structural part n. any part of a
vehicle that plays a role in
ensuring the rigidity and integrity
of the vehicle as a whole and that,
if it collapses, could make the
vehicle unsafe: Caùc chi tieát ñoùng
vai troø an toaøn cuûa xe
strut n. (a) a structural member,
especially as part of a framework,
used to stiffen, give strength or
carry weight: Thanh choáng
(b) = SUSPENSION STRUT:
Thanh giaèng heä thoáng treo
tô
strut rod n. = PUSH BAR
ô
ện
stub axle n. short axle that carries
đi one of the front wheels and has
limited angular movement about a
kingpin: Truïc ngaén (noái vôùi baùnh
tröôùc)
stubby screwdriver n. =
CHUBBY SCREWDRIVER
stud n. (a) threaded fastener without
a head; similar to a grub screw,
but with an unthreaded portion
roughly in the middle; typically
used for nut and stud assembly of
alloy parts, e. g. to attach
manifolds to alloy cylinder heads
or to secure the cylinder head to
the cylinder block. The stud is
screwed into a threaded hole until
the run-out threads in the metal of
the stud jam in the first thread in
the hole; studs should never reach
the bottom of the hole: Gu roâng
stud end = opposite end of a
stud to the nut end: Ñuoâi guroâng
stud extractor or remover =
tool like a socket spanner for the
removal (and installation) of
stud hole
studs: Duïng cuï thaùo laép gu
roâng
stud hole = hole in a wheel
through which the wheel studs
pass: Loã xoû guroâng treân baùnh
xe
STV = SUCTION THROTTLING
VALVE
subassembly n. an assembled unit
designed to be fitted to a larger
unit of which it is a component; e.
g. the steering gear and front
suspension or the final drive and
rear suspension: Cuïm toång
thaønh (cuïm chi tieát ñaõ raùp)
subcompact (car) n. American car
category with an overall length
less than 14ft 7in and a
o
tạ
wheelbase less than 8ft 4in; FWD
ào
or 4wd: Xe oâ toâ nhoû (Myõ)
-Đ
subframe n. a strong, detachable
ng
assembly that is mounted to the
ườ
underbody of the car to support
Tr
the engine, accessories, drive
n
train and/or running gear: Söôøn
vă
khung phuï (ñôõ ñoäng cô, hoäp
Lê
soá…)
subplate n. = DISTRIBUTOR
BASEPLATE: Maâm vít löûa boä
chia ñieän
substrate n. surface or layer on a
material serving as a base for
another layer or coat; e. g. base
material or base metal: lôùp neàn
substructure n. = UNDERBODY
(STRUCTURE): Caáu truùc gaàm
xe
SU carburettor n. widely used type
of variable venturi carburettor
SU: Boä cheá hoøa khí SU coù hoïng
khueách taùn thay ñoåi
suction chamber n. space above the
340
sump
piston in the piston chamber of a
variable venturi carburettor:
Buoàng huùt cuûa boä cheá hoøa khí
coù hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi
suction-feed spray gun n.
type of spray gun with a paint pot
mounted underneath: Suùng phun
sôn coù bình sôn ôû döôùi
suction lift n. (pump) the vertical
distance, in feet, from the liquid
supply level to the pump
centreline, the pump being above
the liquid level: Chieàu cao coät
aùp (bôm)
suction line or pipe n. pipe on the
tô
suction side of a pumping system
ô
ện
leading from the suction tank to
đi the pump: OÁng huùt (töø thuøng
ñeán bôm)
suction side n. that side of a
pumping system or pump at which
the liquid to be pumped enters
the suction line or pump casing:
Beân huùt (bôm)
(NOTE: opposite is
dischargeside)
suction throttling valve (STV) n.
valve located at the evaporator
outlet which controls evaporator
pressure and temperature: Van ôû
ngoû ra giaøn laïnh (kieåm soaùt aùp
vaø nhieät ñoä)
suction valve grinder n. = VALVE
GRINDING TOOL
sump n. metal bowl (usually of sheet
steel or cast alloy) attached to the
bottom of the crankcase, into
which oil drains to form a
reservoir; typically carries one
gallon of motor oil: Cacte daàu ôû
döôùi ñoäng cô
(NOTE: US English is oil pan)
sump (drain) plug
sump (drain) plug = short fat
bolt for draining the sump (when
removed): oác xaû cacte daàu
sump gasket = gasket fitted
between the cylinder block and
the sump: Ñeäm loùt cacte daàu
sump guard = shield fitted
under the engine to protect the
sump: Taám baûo veä cacte daàu
sun car n. (informal) = SOLAR
CAR: Xe söû duïng naêng löôïng
maët trôøi
sun gear or sun wheel n.
central spur gear in a planetary
gear set meshing with the planet
gears: Baùnh raêng maët trôøi
sun roof (sr) n. panel (often
translucent) in the roof of a car
o
tạ
which may be tilted or slid open,
ào
either manually or electrically to
-Đ
provide extra light and/or
ng
ventilation: Cöûa mui (oâ cöûa ôû noùc
ườ
xe oâ toâ coù theå môû ra ñeå khoâng
Tr
khí vaø aùnh naéng loït vaøo), cöûa
n
trôøi
vă
sunshield n. tinted strip of
Lê
transparent vinyl attached to the
top of the windscreen to cut glare
from the sun: Daõi nhöïa maøu daùn
phía treân kính tröôùc ñeå che
naéng
(NOTE: also called a windscreen
shadeband)
sun visor n. (a) highed flap
above the windscreen that can be
pulled down to shield the driver's
or front seat passenger's eyes
from sunlight; often contains a
vanity mirror on the inside: Taám
che naéng phía treân kính chaén
tröôùc
sun wheel see SUN GEAR:
341
surface gap sparking plug
Baùnh raêng maët trôøi
super n. petrol with a high octane
rating, typically 98: Xaêng super
(coù chæ soá octane cao)
supercharge v. (a) to increase the
intake pressure of an internal
combustion engine with a
supercharge: Taêng aùp
supercharger n. device such
as a positive displacement
compressor or dynamic
compressor used to improve the
volumetric efficiency and power
output of internal combustion
engines by raising the intake
tô
pressure, thus increasing the
ô
ện
amount of air drawn in: Boä taêng
đi aùp, boä taêng khí neùn cho ñoäng cô
(NOTE: largely superseded in
cars by the turbocharger)
supplementary inflatable restraint
(SIR) or supplementary
restraint system (SRS) n. air
bag: Heä thoáng tuùi khí
suppressor n. electrical device used
in car circuits to damp out and
filter out radio or TV interference
caused mainly by the ignition
system and battery circuit: Boä
phaän choáng nhieãu
surface discharge plug n. =
SURFACE GAP SPARKING
PLUG
surface gap n. spark gap of a
surface gap sparking plug in which
the sparks glide over the insulator-
filled gap: Khe hôû ngang (loaïi
bougie khoâng coù ñieän cöïc bìa)
(NOTE: opposite is spark air
gap)
surface gap sparking plug =
type of sparking plug in which the
surface ignition
spark is fired across the insulator
surface between the centre
electrode and the shell; there is no
side electrode: Bougie khoâng coù
ñieän cöïc bìa
surface ignition n. ignition
initiated by hot spots in the engine
cylinder rather than by a timed
spark: Söï chaùy sôùm do caùc ñieåm
noùng trong xy lanh
surface resistance n. the
electrical resistance of the surface
of an insulator: Ñieän trôû beà maët
surface tack n. a condition occurring
after filler is applied to a panel
surface, characterized by the fact
that the filler will not cure in
certain places: Tình traïng khoâng
o
tạ
dính ma tít
ào
surface-type filter n. filter design in
-Đ
which particles accumulate on the
ng
surface, e. g. of a folded paper
ườ
element; typical design of air and
Tr
cartridge-type oil filters: Boä loïc
n
gioù hoaëc nhôùt baèng giaáy xeáp
vă
surge n. unevenness in the power
Lê
output of an engine caused by: (i)
irregular fuel supply due to the
clog ging of a filter or a main jet,
or to too lean an air/fuel mixture;
(ii) an ignition fault due to
misfiring: Ñoäng cô ôû tình traïng
khoâng oån ñònh (noå khoâng ñeàu)
suspension n. (a) system of springs,
arms and dampers which supports
the body of a vehicle and insulates
it and its occupants from road
shocks transmitted by the wheels:
Heä thoáng treo
(b) mixture of fine, non-settling
particles of any solid within a
liquid or gas: Chaát loûng coù nhöõng
342
suspension subframe
haït chaát raén nhoû li ti lô löûng
trong ñoù (theå vaån)
suspension aids n. accessories
designed to reinforce the rear
suspension when carrying heavy
loads or towing caravans or
trailers; they include: extra,
single-leaf springs, coil springs,
and heavy duty spring dampers:
Nhöõng boä phaän gia coá heä thoáng
treo su khi taûi naëng
suspension link n. any arm
which links the chassis to the axle:
Thanh lieân keát heä thoáng treo
suspension mounting n. sheet
tô
ô
metal parts, bores, etc. on the
ện
underbody designed to locate the
đi axles and springs on the body:
Giaù heä thoáng treo
suspension sphere n.
pressurized, nitrogen-filled sphere
used in hydropneumatic
suspension systems: Khoái caàu
ñieàu aùp, ñöôïc laøm ñaày Nitô duøng
trong heä thoáng treo khí
suspension strut n. unitary
construction of spring and damper
elements; depending on whether
the hub carrier is mounted to
thespring or the damper element,
the suspension strut is referred to
either as a damper strut or as a
MacPherson strut: Thanh giaèng
heä thoáng treo (loø xo vaø oáng
nhuùn)
suspension subframe n.
suspension layout absorbing noise
and vibration, in which all
suspension elements are mounted
on an insulated, detachable
suspension subframe: Khung phuï
gaén heä thoáng treo
SV engine
SV engine n. = SIDE-VALVE
ENGINE
SW (short for) switch; to be found on
the coil terminal connected to the
ignition switch: Coâng taéc
swash plate n. a rotating disc or face
plate on a shaft that is inclined at
an oblique angle to the axis of
rotation and either imparts
reciprocating motion to push rods
or plungers parallel to the shaft
axis, as in a swash plate pump or,
conversely, converts reciprocating
motion to rotation (replacing the
crankshaft), as in a swash plate
motor: Maët quay nghieâng bieán
chuyeån ñoäng quay thaønh tònh
tieán
o
tạ
sway bar n. US = ANTI-ROLL BAR
ào
swept volume n. that part of the
-Đ
cylinder capacity that is swept by
ng
the pistons on their up and down
ườ
strokes, i. e. the volume through
Tr
which a piston moves in one
n
stroke, formed by the bore
vă
diameter and the piston stroke:
Lê
theå tích ñaåy
swing arm suspension or swing axle
n. independent suspension system
in which each axle pivots near the
centre of the vehicle and the
movement of the axle changes the
angle of camber: Tay ñoøn di ñoäng
heä thoáng treo ñoäc laäp
swirl n. rotary or swirling motion
given to the charge mixture as it
enters a cylinder by offsetting the
inlet tract: Söï xoaùy
swirl chamber = small chamber
or cavity in the cylinder head to
promote swirl in the indirect
injection combustion system of a
343
synergetic or synergistic effect
diesel engine: Buoàng chaùy xoaùy
loác
swivel 1 v. to turn or swing about a
point:Xoay quanh moät ñieåm
2 n. = STEERING KNUCKLE
swivel angle n. = KINGPIN
INCLINATION
swivel axis n. = KINGPIN
AXIS
swivel axis inclination =
KINGPIN INCLINATION: Goùc
nghieâng truï quay ñöùng
swivel pin n. = KINGPIN
symmetric rim n. rim type in which
the rim well is located
tô
ô
symmetrically on the wheel
ện
centreline: Vaønh baùnh xe ñoái
đi xöùng
(NOTE: opposite is asymmetric
rim)
synchromesh n. device in
manual gearboxes that
automatically matches the rotating
speeds oftransmission gears as
they are about to mesh: Boä ñoàng
toác
synchronize v. to make two things
happen at the same time, or to
move at the same speed: Laøm cho
ñoàng boä, ñoàng toác
synchronize n. device which
synchronizes: Thieát bò laøm cho
ñoàng boä, ñoàng toác
synchronous motor n. an
alternating-current motor that runs
at a speed that is equal to or is a
multiple of the frequency of the
supply (e. g. the drive motor of
electric powered vehicles): Ñoäng
cô ñoàng boä
synergetic or synergistic effect n.
protective effect occurring as a
synthesizer system pressure regulator

result of the combination of a synthetic rubber n. synthetic

metallic and an additional organic products with properties similar to
coating: Hieäu öùng baûo veä nhôø those of natural rubber, including
keát hôïp giöõa kim loaïi vaø chaát elasticity and ability to be
phuû höõu cô vulcanized; usually produced by
synthesizer n. device which the polymerization or
generates quartz-controlled copolymerization of petroleum-
frequency steps in a PLL circuit: derived olefins or other
Thieát bò phaùt ra taàn soá ñieàu unsaturated compounds: Cao su
khieån thaïch anh trong maïch toång hôïp
PLL system pressure regulator n. (K-
synthetic engine oil n. non- jetronic) basically a pressure
petroleum based oil; more relief valve located on the fuel
expensive than mineral oil but distributor: Boä ñieàu tieát aùp suaát
more resistant to breakdown at (van giaûm aùp trong phun K)

tô
high temperatures and less viscous

ô
ện
at low temperatures: Daàu nhôùt
toång hôïp đi
o
tạ
ào
-Đ
ng
ườ
Tr
n
vă
Lê

344
T tail light box
Tt
T letter on the sidewall of type
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (190 km/h or
118 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ
toác ñoä toái ña cho pheùp 190 km/h
tab n. not a continuous flange as
provided at the top mounting of a
wing, but a short flange section to
provide localized fitting of one
panel to another: vaáu, maáu
tab washer n. washer with a
tab that may be hammered against
a flat side of a nut, or into a hole in
the surface, or over an edge, in
order to secure the nut to the
o
surface on which it bears: long ñeàn
tạ
choáng xoay
ào
-Đ
TAC = THERMOSTATIC AIR
CLEANER
ng
tachograph or (informal) tacho n.
ườ
a tachometer that produces a
Tr
graphical record of its readings,
n
vă
especially used to record the speed
Lê
and distance covered by a heavy
goods vehicle (thus theoretically
making it easier to check on a
driver’s speed and the length of
time spent driving between rest
periods): Ñoàng hoà toác ñoä coù ghi
laïi toác ñoä vaø quaõng ñöôøng chaïy
tachometer or (informal)
tach(o) n. instrument in the
instrument panel, electronically
operated by the ignition system,
which indicates engine rpm with an
analogue or digital read-out; red
areas indicate dangerous engine
operating speeds: Ñoàng hoà ño toác
ñoä quay ñoäng cô
(NOTE: also informally called a
345
rev counter)
TAC system n. contact breaker
ignition system developed by
Lucas, controlled by two
transistors, one serving as a power
output transistor: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
löûa baùn daãn coù vít cuûa Lucas.
tail n. the rear: Phía sau, phía ñuoâi
tailboard n. board at the rear
of a lorry or pick-up that can be
removed or let down on a hinge:
Taám böûng sau (xe taûi nhoû hoaëc
tô
lôùn)
ô
ện
tailgate n. estate cars and most
đi hatchback saloons feature a large
rear lid that includes the rear
window and opens to give access
to the whole interior: Cöûa haäu cuûa
xe 5 cöûa.
(NOTE: US English is liftgate)
tailgating n. driving so close to the
vehicle in front as to be affected
by its slip stream; a very dangerous
practice as available reaction time
is reduced to a minimum: Chaïy xe
quaù saùt sau moät xe khaùc
tail heavy a. description of the
towing vehicle if the being towed
is too heavy: Naëng ñuoâi (khi keùo
xe).
tail lift see BRAKE DIVE
tail light or lamp n. red rear
light that illuminates as soon as
the lights are switched on, to
indicate the presence of a vehicle
from the rear.: Ñeøn ñuoâi
tail light box n. a deep-drawn panel
spotwelded into the tail light
aperture to take the complete
tail (light) panel
tail light cluster: Hoäp ñeøn sau
tail (light) panel = REAR
PANEL: Baûng ñeøn sau
tail light surround = REAR
LIGHT SURROUND: Ñöôøng vieàn
bao quanh cuïm ñeøn sau
tailpipe n. last pipe of the exhaust
system which fits behind the
silence and extends to the rear of
the vehicle: OÁng poâ, oáng thaûi
tailpipe expander = special
automotive tool used for reshaping
and expanding tailpipes evenly, to
assure a tight fit and prevent
exhaust leaks: duïng cuï goø oáng poâ
tailshaft n. = GEARBOX
OUTPUT SHAFT
take up v. (clutch) to begin to transmit
o
tạ
the drive when the clutch is
ào
engaged: Baét ñaàu truyeàn ñoäng
-Đ
khi nhaû ly hôïp
ng
take-up n. the act of taking
ườ
up : A sharp take-up of the drive
Tr
causes a sudden jerk: Nhaû nhanh
n
ly hôïp .
vă
talc n. a soft mineral; a basic
Lê
magnesium silicate usually
occurring in foliated, granular, or
fibrous masses, used in the
manufacture of electrical
insulators: Ñaù tan, boät tan (laøm
vaät lieäu caùch ñieän).
talking warning system n. using the
car radio speakers, this
microprocessor-based system tells
the driver the source of the
problem in a clear, pleasant
(female) voice; if the radio is on at
the time of the alert, the computer
automatically turns down the
volume so the warning can be
heard.: Heä thoáng baùo baèng gioïng
346
taper-breaking tool
noùi (qua loa xe)
tamperproof carburettor n. a
carburettor with factory-adjusted
idle speed, sealed idle speed
adjustment screw, and provisions
to ensure that exhaust emission
levels remain within specified
limits over an extended period of
time: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù loã chænh
caàm chöøng ñaõ nieâm phong
tandem axle n. type of axle in which
two axles are closely coupled,
usually not more than one metre
apart : Caàu xe ñoâi.
tandem master cylinder n.
tô
master cylinder with two pistons;
ô
ện
when the brake pedal is pressed,
đi the pushrod activates the primary
piston which in turn moves the
secondary piston; necessary for
dual-circuit braking system : Xi
lanh caùi hai taàng trong heä thoáng
phanh (duøng cho 2 maïch daàu
phanh)
tangential-flow scavenging n. =
LOOP SCAVENGING
tank n. any container for liquit or
gas: Thuøng chöùa
tanker n. lorry designed to
carry liquit in bulk: Xe boàn chôû
nhieân lieäu.
tap n. tool used to cut inside
threads, e.g. in a hole: Ta roâ,
thanh coát ren
tap and die set = selection of
tools such as taps, tap holders, dies
and die stocks for cutting inside
and outside threads: Boä ta roâ vaø
baøn khuoân caét ren
taper-breaking tool n. =
BALL JOINT SEPARATOR.:
Duïng cuï taùch khôùp noái caàu
taper cutter
taper cutter n. tool used to
ream, deburr, align, and enlarge
holes, e.g on car bodies (NOTE:
also called tapered reamer).:
Dao khoeùt loã
tapered compression ring n.
upper compression ring which, due
to its tapered cross-section,
requires a reduced running-in
period thus ensuring a tight seal
quickly: Seùc maêng khí (löûa) vôùi
tieát dieän hình coân
taper(ed) leaf spring n. =
PARABOLIC SPRING: Nhíp coù
daïng paraboân.
tapered punch n. = DRIFT
PUNCH: Caùi ñuïc hình coân
taper roller bearing n.
o
tạ
bearing consisting of a cone (which
ào
includes the rollers and the cage)
-Đ
and a cone-shaped, stationary race
ng
or cup; can accept axial thrust as
ườ
well as providing shaft location.: OÅ
Tr
bi ñuõa coân.
n
taper seat (sparking plug) seal
vă
without a gasket achieved by
Lê
mating the conical surface of the
sparking plus shell and the cylinder
head.: Ñaàu ren coân cuûa bougie
tap holder n. tool used to hold and
drive taps, reamers, and screw
extractors with two long handles to
provide high leverage for turning
operation.: Tay quay taroâ
tappet n. (in valve gear) usually
cup-shaped element (one for each
vale) which slides on the cam
lobes and converts the rotary
motion of the vales; the tappets
actuate either pushrods, rocker
arms, or values directly: Con ñoäi
suù paùp.
347
TBI
tappet adjusting screw =
VALVE ADJUSTING SCREW
tappet gasket = ROCKER
COVER GASKET
tappet wrench = wrench
designed for adjusting value
clearances on OHV-engines with
bucket tappet assembly that use an
adjusting screw instead of value
shims for adjustment: Chìa vaën
ñai oác con ñoäi suù paùp.
tapping plate n. = HINGE
TAPPING PLATE
tap spanner = TAP HOLDER
tarnish v. to discolour due to the
tô
formation of a thin film of oxide,
ô
ện
sulphide, or some other corrosion
đi product.: Phai maøu sôn
tax disc n. (informal) road fund
licence disc displayed on the
windscreen to show that road tax
has been paid.: Daáu chöùng nhaän
ñaõ ñoùng thueá caàu ñöôøng (gaén
treân kính xe)
taxi (cab) n. car in which passengers
are carried for a rate which is
usually recorded by a meter : Xe
taéc xi
taxi rank = place where taxis
wait to be hired.: Beán xe taéc xi
t.b. = TOW BAR. : Thanh ñöôïc laép
vaøo ñaèng sau xe oâ toâ (ñeå keùo xe
khaùc).
T bar roof n. roof with a T-shaped
bar connecting windscreen and
rear section of roof: Thanh daïng
chöõ T ôû mui xe
TBI = THROTTLE BODY
INJECTION: Phun xaêng treân
böôùm ga (coù theå ñôn ñieåm hoaëc
hai ñieåm)
TC = TORQUE CONVERTER
TCI
= TWIN CARBURETTORS
TCI = TRANSISTORIZED COIL
IGNITION
TCI-H = TRANSISTORIZED
COIL IGNITION WITH HALL
SENSOR
TCM = TRANSMISSION CONTROL
MODULE
TDC = TOP DEAD CENTRE
TDI = TURBO DIESEL ENGINE
WITH DIRECT INJECTION
Teflon n. = POLYTETRAFLUO-
ROETHYLENE
TEL = TETRAETHYL LEAD
telescopic shock absorber n. a
tubular spring damper operated by
rod and piston; the most common
type of shock adsorber: Boä giaûm
o
tạ
chaán kieåu oáng loàng
ào
telescopic steering column n.
-Đ
steering column that collapses in
ng
on itself on impact: Truï laùi kieåu
ườ
oáng loàng
Tr
tempa spare (wheel) n. spare wheel
n
type with considerably reduced
vă
overall dimensions (rim width: 3.5
Lê
- 4.0 in), designed to operate at a
higher inflation pressure than the
standard tyre and wheel unit:
Baùnh xe döï phoøng kích thöôùc
nhoû
temper v. thermal treatment of
finished products ( metals, alloys,
plastics ) to remove internal
stresses: Toâi ñeå khöû öùng suaát noäi
temperature compensator n. (in
some SU carburettors) wax-type
thermostat contained in a housing
at the base of the jet head; with
increasing temperature, the wax
expands and pushes the jet
upwards, thereby reducing the
348
tensioner
effective area of the jet and
restoring the correct fuel flow: Boä
buø nhieät (cheá hoaø khí)
temperature control element n. (in
oil filter bypass valve) a
temperature-controlled valve
spring bias regulator which
controls the bypass valve as a
function of oil temperature: Van
ñieàu khieån nhieät ñoä nhôùt
temperature of deflection
under load n. ability of a test
specimen to preserve its shape up
to a given temperature under a
given dead load; characterized by
tô
the temperature at which the
ô
ện
specimen supported at both ends
đi and heated continually and
uniformly in a liquid heat-transfer
medium is deformed by a given
amount when the load is applied
midway between the supports:
Nhieät ñoä maø vaät thöû chòu taûi bò
voõng trong khuoân khoå (khi thöû)
temperature valve n. =
THERMOVALVE
template n. thin metal or card sheet,
used as a pattem for cutting pieces
of wood, metal, etc. to an exact
shape.: Caùi ñuïc
temporary spare wheel n. =
SPACE-SAVING SPARE WHEEL
tensile force n. the stretching force
that acts on the windscreen header
to keep the hood taut: Löïc caêng
tensile strength = measure of a
material’s ability to withstand
tension or stress: Söùc beàn keùo
tension (a) stretching force: Löïc
caêng
(b) = VOLTAGE: Hieäu ñieän theá
tensioner n. device designed
tensioning spring
to maintain the tension of a timing
belt or chain: Boä caêng ñai
tensioning spring n. spring
designed to maintain tension in a
drum brake: Loø xo giöõ ñoä caêng
trong phanh troáng
terminal n. (i) one of the
connecting points in an electric
circuit (ii) a conducting device by
which current enters or leaves at
such a points: Coïc, ñieåm noái
terminal post = BATTERY
POST: Coïc bình
terminal reamer = tapered
reamer-type tool used to remove
corrosion from the inside of battery
cable clamps: Duïng cuï laøm saïch
khoen gaén coïc bình (hình coân)
terminal tower n. sockets on
the distributor cap for connecting
the ignition cables: Loã caém daây
ng
phin treân naép delco
ườ
terminal voltage n. the sum of
Tr
the individual battery
n
voltages: Hieäu ñieän theá cuûa aéc
vă
quy
Lê
test bar n. test specimen with the
shape of a bar as used in the
impact resistance test: Maãu coù
daïng thanh ñöôïc duøng trong thöû
nghieäm söùc chòu ñöïng khi va
chaïm
test-bed n. area equipped with
instruments, used for testing
machinery, engines, ect. , under
working conditions.: Baêng thöû
test current for
temperatures n. specification for
assessing battery starting
behaviour at low temperatures and
under given conditions; indicated
in amps on the battery case: Kieåm
thermal efficiency
tra doøng phoùng cuûa aéc quy ôû ñieàu
kieän nhieät ñoä thaáp
test-drive n. a trial drive of a
car after it has been repaired, or of
a new car to decide if one likes it
enough to buy it: Söï chaïy thöû
test-drive v. to take a car for a
test drive before purchasing it:
Chaïy thöû
test lamp/ light n. automotive
tool used to test powered circuits
on 6 – 24 volt systems such as
headlights, horns, directional or tail
lights: Ñeøn kieåm tra maïch ñieän
tetraethyl lead (TEL) n. anti-knock
tô
ô
fuel additive: Chì Tetraethyl cho
ện
vaøo xaêng ñeå choáng kích noå
đi tetramethyl lead (TML) n.
o
tạ
anti-knock fuel additive: Chì
ào
Tetramethyl cho vaøo xaêng ñeå
-Đ
choáng kích noå
t/ glass n. = TINTED GLASS: Kính
daùn maøu (choáng choùi)
cell THC = TOTAL HYDROCARBONS:
Toång soá löôïng Hydrocacbon
theft protection n. = ANTI-THEFT
SECURITY SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
choáng troäm
thermactor n. = THERMAL
REACTOR
thermal conduction n. heat transfer
within a substance or to another
substance by direct contact: Ñoä
daãn nhieät
thermal convection n. heat
transfer by the combined
low mechanisms of fluid mixing and
thermal conduction: Söï ñoái löu
nhieät
thermal efficiency n. the ratio of
useful work available from an
engine to the heat supplied from
349
thermal radiation Thermostatic air cleaner (TAC)

the fuel: Hieäu suaát nhieät temperature sensor: Caëp nhieät

thermal radiation n. heat
transfer from one substance to
another by means of
electromagnetic waves: Söï böùc xaï
nhieät
thermal reactor n. device
installed in the exhaust manifold
of some air injection systems to
promote HC and CO oxidation by
providing long exhaust gas
residence times in a localized
area: Boä phaän gaén ôû oáng thaûi
giuùp taêng cöôøng oxy hoaù HC vaø
CO
ñieän (ñeå ño nhieät ñoä)
thermocouple sparking plug
= sparking plug with a
thermocouple in the centre
electrode, used to measure the
temperatures in the individual
cylinders as a function of engine
speed and load in order to select
the correct heat range: Caëp nhieät
ñieän gaén trong bougie ñeå ño
nhieät ñoä xy lanh
thermoforming n. shaping of a
polymer sheet while heating: Uoán
nhöïa baèng nhieät

tô
thermal time valve n. valve thermoplastic n. plastic material

ô
ện
which senses temperature, with long chain-like molecules that
typically the temperature under the đi can repeatedly be softened by
o
tạ
bonnet, and gives full vacuum heating and hardened by cooling;
ào

advance when the temperature is most plastic parts used on vehicles

-Đ

below 10o C; above this are made of thermoplastics : Nhöïa

ng

temperature, the thermal time deûo noùng

ườ

valve allows distributor vacuum to thermoplastic elastomers =

Tr

be controlled by the thermal materials which are rubbery at

n

vacuum switch; includes a delay of room temperature but which on

vă

typically 20 seconds to allow full heating melt to viscous liquids that

Lê

spark advance for better hot can be moulded and otherwise

starting: Van nhieät ñieàu khieån processed; the change is
ñaùnh löûa sôùm reversible; on cooling, the melted
thermal vacuum switch (TVS) n. material reverts to a solid material
measures either air/ fuel having rubbery properties: Nhöïa
temperature, underbonnet cao su khi noùng thì deûo nhöng
temperature, or coolant nguoäi laïi cöùng
temperature, or a combination of thermostat n. temperature-
any two to regulate the EGR valve controlled valve located in the hot
accordingly: Coâng taéc nhieät-chaân leg between engine and radiator,
khoâng often mounted on the cylinder
thermal vacuum valve (TVV) head: Boä ñieàu chænh nhieät, van
= valve with the same function as a haèng nhieät
thermal vacuum switch: Van Thermostatic air cleaner (TAC) n.
nhieät- chaân khoâng air cleaner which also controls the
thermocouple n. an electrical temperature of the air entering the

350
thermostatic interruptor
engine: baàu loïc gioù coù boä ñieàu
khieån nhieät ñoä khí naïp
thermostatic interruptor n.
bimetallic circuit breaker in
lighting circuits which switches to
an alternative circuit in the event
of a fault or short circuit: Caùi ngaét
ñieän nhieät tónh (caùi ngaét ñieän
löôõng kim)
thermosyphon cooling n. natural
cooling, utilising the fast that two
columns of liquid at different
temperatures possess natural
circulation because the hotter
column weighs less on account of
its lower density; thus the hot
engine must be located at a lower
level than the cool radiator: söï
laøm maùt baèng ñoái löu
thermo-time switch n. a switch in a
-Đ
continuous injection system that
ng
interrupts current from the starter
ườ
solenoid to the cold start valve
Tr
solenoid when the engine is hot or
n
after the starter has been operated
vă
for more than a few seconds, in
Lê
order to prevent flooding: Coâng
taéc nhieät thôøi gian
thermovalve n. valve which opens
and closes as a function of
temperature: Van nhieät
thermowell n. space which
accommodates a temperature
sensor: Choã gaén caûm bieán nhieät
ñoä
(NOTE: the term is sometimes
used with reference to the
temperature sensing point or
sensor rather than to the well
itself).
thin v. (paint) to add thinners to a
paint in order to adjust the viscosity:
thread
Pha loaõng sôn
thin needle-nose pliers n.
a needle-nose pliers with extra long
reach jaws without a wire cutter:
Kìm moû nhoïn
thinner n. substance used to dilute
lacquer or acrylic products, as
opposed to reducers used for
synthetic enamel products: Chaát
pha loaõng sôn
thin-wall casting n. used, for
example, as a weight-saving
measure on oil filter housings: Vaät
ñuùc coù thaønh moûng
third (gear) n. intermediate gear
tô
used for increasing speed, climbing
ô
ện
hills and sometimes for overtaking:
đi Soá 3
o
tạ
third motion shaft n. = GEAR-
ào
BOX OUTPUT SHAFT: Truïc ra
hoäp soá
third port induction n. a design
feature of two-stroke engines that
relies on the piston position to
control induction of the fresh
charge: Coång naïp thöù ba cuûa
ñoäng cô hai kyø
third scavenging port n. (loop
scavenging) an additional transfer
port lacated opposite the exhaust
port of a two-stroke engine
cylinder and connecting through
the piston skirt to the region above
the gudgeon pin and below the
piston crown: Coång thaûi thöù ba
cuûa ñoäng cô hai kyø
thrash v. (infomal) to push an
engine to its limits: Chaïy heát ga
thread n. (i) helical ridge along the
body of a screw, bolt, etc. , formed
by a die or lathe tool (male or
external thread) : Ren ngoaøi
351
thread angle
(ii) helical groove in a cylindrical
hole, nut, etc., formed by a tap or
lathe tool (female or internal
thread): Ren trong
thread angle = the angle
between the adjacent flanks of a
thread: Goùc ren (goùc giöõa hai
söôøn keá lieàn cuûa moät ñöôøng ren)
thread crest = highest point of
screw thread, opposite the root:
Ñænh ren
thread-cutting screw = a self-
drilling fastener that drills its own
hole, taps a mating thread, and
then fastens, all in a single
operation: Ñinh oác caét ren
thread diameter = diameter
measured from the crest of a
o
tạ
thread to the corresponding crest
ào
on the opposite side of the bolt or
-Đ
screw: Ñöôøng kính ren
ng
thread file = tool for restoring
ườ
internal or external threads by
Tr
filing: Caùi giuõa ren
n
thread gauge = SCREW
vă
PITCH GAUGE
Lê
thread height = distance from
roof to thread crest, measured
perpendicular to the axis of the
thread: Chieàu cao ren
thread pitch = PITCH: Böôùc
ren
thread pitch gauge = SCREW
PITCH GAUGE: Compa ño böôùc
ren
thread root = lowest point of a
screw thread, where the thread
joins the body (opposite the crest):
Chaân ren
three-door a. typical design of
sub-compact hatchbacks with two
side doors and one tailgate: Xe ba
352
three-way catalytic converter
cöûa
three-piece alloy wheel n.
type of forged alloy wheel with a
wheel spider or wheel disc and a
divided rim consisting of an outer
and an inner rim well; the rim is
bolted to the spider or the disc:
Baùnh xe ñuùc goàm ba phaàn
three-port engine n. the
traditional two-stroke engine
design incorporating the inlet port
connecting the crankcase to the
atmosphere, the transfer port
connecting the crankcase to the
combustion chamber, and the
tô
exhaust port to evacuate the spent
ô
ện
gas from combustion chamber:
đi
Buoàng chaùy ñoäng cô hai kyø coù ba
cöûa
(NOTE: the term is used even if
the three-port types are in pairs).
three-speed gearbox or
transmission n. a gearbox with
three forward speeds; the usual
arrangement for automatic
gearboxes: Hoäp soá ba toác ñoä
three-valve (engine) n.
enginewith two intake valves and
one exhaust valve per cylinder; a
four-cylinder three-valve engine is
also called a ‘12 valve engine:
Ñoäng cô coù hai suù paùp huùt vaø moät
suù paùp thaûi cho moãi xy lanh
three-way catalyst (TWC) n.
catalyst for the simultaneous
conversion of the three exhaust
pollutants HC, CO, and NO: Chaát
xuùc taùc ba taùc duïng
three-way catalytic converter
= catalytic converter for the
simultaneous control of HC, CO,
and NO, emissions: Boä xuùc taùc ba
three-wheeler
taùc duïng
three-wheeler n. a light car with
three wheels; formerly made
popular by, for example, the
Morgan, the BSA and the Coventry
Victor, now embodied by the
Reliant Robin: Xe ba baùnh
throttle n. (a) = THROTTLE
VALVE: Böôùm ga
(b) the accelerator pedal used to
control the throttle valve: Baøn ñaïp
ga
throttle body injection (TBI)
n. = SINGLE POINT INJECTION:
Phun ñôn ñieåm
throttle gauge n. tool with
straight calibrated measuring pins
for measuring throttle and choke
o
tạ
valve gaps: Duïng cuï ño khe hôû
ào
böôùm ga
-Đ
throttle position sensor (TPS)
ng
n. (fuel injection) switch with two
ườ
contacts for the two end positions
Tr
of the throttle valve, which sends a
n
signal to the electronic control unit
vă
when the throttle valve is closed
Lê
(idle) or wide open (full load):
Caûm bieán vò trí böôùm ga
throttle return spring n.
spring which forces the throttle
valve closed when pressure is
taken off the accelerator pedal: Loø
xo hoaøn löïc böôùm ga
throttle shaft or spindle n.
shaft on which the throttle valve
disc pivots in a caburettor barrel or
inlet tract: Truïc böôùm ga
throttle solenoid n. a solenoid
which operates mechanically on
the throttle lever; when energized,
the solenoid stern extends and
opens the throttle to establish the
353
thrust bearing
preset idle speed: Solenoid böôùm
ga (ñieàu khieån caàm chöøng)
throttle valve n. (a) (in air intake,
e.g., in carburettor) a butterfly
valve in the inlet tract, designed to
provide control of power output by
limiting the amount of fresh
mixture induced: Böôùm ga
(b) (automatic transmission
control) modulator valve actuated
via either the accelerator pedal, or
the vacuum in the engine inlet
manifold, or the carburettor
throttle; it converts line pressure
into an engine-load dependent
tô
pressure, which is directed to
ô
ện
various valve: Van kick-down
đi (hoäp soá)
throttle (valve) switch n. =
THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR:
Caûm bieán vò trí böôùm ga
throttling n. reducing the
power output of an engine by
closing the throttle, thus restricting
airflow through the carburettor or
inlet tract: Söï giaûm ga
through bolt n. (i) generally,
anybolt which is inserted through
the parts of an assembly and
secured on the other side by a nut;
(ii) specifically, one of the two
long bolts that bolts the starter or
alternator assembly together: Bu
loâng xuyeân
throwout bearing n. US =
CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING
throwout fork or lever n. US
= CLUTCH RELEASE LEVER
thrust bearing n. a low-friction
bearing on a rotating shaft that
resists axial thrust in the shaft;
usually consists of a collar which
thrust plate
bears against a ring of well
lubricated stationary and
sometimes tilting pads: Baïc (voøng
bi) ñôõ chaën
thrust plate n. = DRIVEN
PLATE: Ñóa bò ñoäng
thrust washer n. an axially
loaded washer, e.g. of a shaft
bearing: Voøng ñeäm chaën
thumb nut or thumbscrew n. a nut
or screw with projections enabling
it to be turned by thumb and
forefinger; a wing nut / screw: Ñai
oác coù tai ñeå thaùo laép baèng tay
thumb wheel n. small wheel
for adjusting, which can be turned
by using the thumb and forefinger:
Nuùm ñieàu chænh vaën tay
thyristor n. silicon-controlled
rectifier which converts alternating
-Đ
current to a uni-directional current
ng
: thyristor
ườ
thyristor ignition
Tr
CAPACITOR DISCHARGE
n
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
vă
ñaùnh löûa ñieän dung (thyristor)
Lê
TI = TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION: Ñaùnh löûa transistor
TI-B = BREAKER-
TRIGGERED TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù vít ñieàu
khieån
tickler n. carburettor starting aid:
maïch khôûi ñoäng (cheá hoaø khí)
tick over v. to run at low speed
with the throttle control closed and
the transmission disengaged; to
idle: Chaïy ôû toác ñoä thaáp vôùi
caùnh böôùm ga ñoùng vaø ñaïp ly
hôïp
tick-over n. the speed of an
time delay relay
engine when it is ticking over: Toác
ñoä ñoäng cô khi giaûm ga
tie rod n. generally, any connecting
rod or bar, usually under tension:
Roâ tuyn, thanh noái
tie rod end = steering ball joint
at the outer end of a tie rod: Ñaàu
roâ tuyn
tie rod puller or separator =
special automotive tool for forcing
out joints on tie rod ends by screw
action: Duïng cuï thaùo roâ tuyn
TIG (short for) tungsten / inert gas:
Vonfram / Khí trô
tô
TIG welding = an inert are
ô
welding method using a tungsten
ện
electrode: Kyõ thuaät haøn TIG
đi duøng ñieän cöïc Vonfram vaø khí
o
tạ
trô
ào
TI-H = TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION WITH HALL
GENERATOR: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
= löûa baùn daãn vôùiù caûm bieán Hall
TI-I = TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION WITH INDUCTIVE
PICK-UP: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn
daãn coù caûm bieán ñieän töø
tilt column n. a steering
column that can be adjusted for
height: Truïc laùi chænh ñöôïc chieàu
cao
tilt / slide sunroof n. a
sunroof, made of steel or glass,
that slides and tilts and is operated
either manually or electrically:
Cöûa trôøi coù theå môû nghieâng hoaëc
tröôït
tilt steering wheel n. a
steering wheel that can be adjusted
for height: Voâ laêng laùi chænh ñöôïc
ñoä cao
time delay relay n. a relay which
354
timed (fuel) injection
responds to a signal with a certain
delay: Rôle ñaùp öùng chaäm
timed (fuel) injection n. = timing light n. stroboscopic
SEQUENTIAL FUEL INJECTION:
Phun xaêng theo thöù töï (phun
töøng kim)
timer core n. (magnetic pick-up
assembly) = TRIGGER WHEEL:
Roâto tín hieäu trong caûm bieán
ñieän töø
timing n. the setting of a mechanism
so that it acts at exactly the right
moment: Söï caân chænh (thôøi
ñieåm)
to set the timing = to adjust the
firing of the sparking plus so that it
coincides with the piston: Ñieàu
chænh thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
o
tạ
timing belt n. plastic toothed
ào
belt with steel cord or fibreglass
-Đ
reinforcements, used to drive the
ng
camshaft of a four-stroke engine:
ườ
Daây curoa cam
Tr
(NOTE: also called camshaft belt
n
or cam belt)
vă
timing belt tensioner (pulley) =
Lê
spring-loaded jockey pulley or
idler pulley designed to take up the
slack in the timing belt: Puli caêng
ñai daãn ñoäng truïc cam
timing chain n. a single or
double roller chain at the engine
front that transmits crankshaft
power to the camshaft; typicaly
used in OHC-engines: Daây xích
truyeàn ñoäng truïc cam
(NOTE: also called camshaft
chain or cam chain).
timing diagram n. a tip n. the end of a sparking plug
diagrammatic representation of the
engine timing, i.e. the times during
which the inlet and exhaust valves
355
tip
are open and closed: Bieåu ñoà
phaân phoái khí
light used to set the ignition
timing: Ñeøn caân löûa
timing mark n. (a) (ignition
timing) timing indicator or pointer
on the engine block and rotating
mark on the flywheel for basic
ignition timing: Daáu caân löûa
(b) (valve timing; for camshafts)
alignment or indexing mark on a
timing gear or camshaft pulley
which must be lined up with
another mark to give the correct
tô
position: Daáu caân cam
ô
ện
timing rotor n. rotating part of
đi the pick-up assembly, in the form
of a drum with ferrite rods
embedded vertically in the outer
edge, used instead of a trigger
wheel: Roâto caûm bieán ñieän töø
loaïi nam chaâm quay
timing shaft n.=
DISTRIBUTOR SHAFT: Truïc
delco
timing window n. window
through which it is possible to see
the timing marks: Cöûa soå ñeå xem
daáu ñaùnh löûa (treân voû hoäp soá)
Timken (roller) bearing n. type of
taper roller bearing: OÅ bi ñuõa coân
Timken
tinted glass or tinted windows or
(informal) tints n. glass that has
been specially coloured to reduce
glare from the sun: Kính choáng
choùi (ñaõ phuû maøu)
insulator, nearest the electrode:
Phaàn söù döôùi ñieän cöïc giöõa cuûa
bougie
TML
TML = TETRAMETHYL LEAD:
Chì Tetramethyl
toe-in n. slight inward
inclination of the leading edge of
the front wheels to improve
steering and equalize tyre wear:
Ñoä chuïm giöõa hai baùnh xe tröôùc
(nhìn töø treân xuoáng)
toe-in angle = angle formed by
each front wheel plane and the
iongitudinal axis of the car, usually
expressed as the difference in
distance between right and left
wheel rims at front and rear,
measured at hub level.: Goùc chuïm
toe-out n. slight outward
inclination of the leading edge of
the front wheels.: Ñoä doaõn giöõa
o
tạ
hai baùnh xe tröôùc (nhìn töø treân
ào
xuoáng)
-Đ
tolerance n. difference beween the
ng
permissible maximum size and the
ườ
permissible minimum size of a
Tr
measure quantity: Dung sai
n
toll n. money charged for the use of a
vă
road or bridge: Leä phí caàu, ñöôøng
Lê
toll sticker = sticker displayed
on the windscreen denoting
payment of a toll: Nhaõn ghi leä phí
caàu ñöôøng (treân kính xe)
tommy bar n. short bar used as a
lever to provide torque for
tightening a box or socket spanner:
Caàn sieát
(NOTE: US English is cross bar).
toothed belt n. positive-action
reinforced rubber or plastic belt in
which parallel teeth engage with
grooves in a driving and a driven
wheel; commonly used for the
valve timimg gear as an
alternative: Daây ñai raêng
356
top end
top n. (a) a car roof, especially that
of a convertible: Mui xe
(b) (short for) top gear: Soá cao
nhaát
top coat n. final paint coat: Lôùp
sôn cuoái
top coat drier or oven = oven
for drying or stoving the final paint
coat: Loø saáy lôùp sôn cuoái
top dead centre (TDC) n. the
position when the piston has
reached the upper limit of its travel
in the cylinder and the centre line
of the connecting rod is parallel to
the cylinder walls: Ñieåm cheát
tô
ô
treân
ện
before top dead centre
đi (BTDC) = the period before a
piston reaches TDC; the time when
ignition occurs: Tröôùc ñieåm cheát
treân
after top dead centre (ATDC)
= the period after a piston has
reached TDC and begins to
descend; maximum thrust is
developed between 10oC and 15 oC
ATDC: Sau ñieåm cheát treân
(NOTE: opposite is bottom dead
centre (BDC) ; the corresponding
point (to TDC) in a horizontally
opposed or ‘flat’ engine is that
closest to the combustion chamber,
also called inner dead centre)
top electrode n. (sparking
plug) earth electrode protruding
above centre electrode, either full
coverage type or set back slightly
from the far edge of the centre
electrode: Ñieän cöïc bìa bougie
top end n. the upper range of
engine revolutions: Vuøng toác ñoä
cao cuûa ñoäng cô
top end gasket set / kit
top end gasket set / kit n. set
which includes all the seals, O-ring
and gaskets required for the
assembly of the cylinder and
cylinder head: Boä roong, phôùt ñeå
laép naép maùy.
top gear n. highest available
gear: Soá cao nhaát
top land n. = HEAD LAND:
Ñænh pittoâng.
top-of-the-range model n. the
most powerful and expensive
model in a particular
manufacture’s range: Kieåu xe cao
caáp nhaát trong moät doøng xe
top speed n. the maximum
speed of a vehicle: Toác ñoä toái ña
cuûa xe
o
tạ
top tints n. tinsted stripe at the
ào
upper edge of the windscreen:
-Đ
Kính tröôùc coù daõi maøu phía treân
ng
phaàn kính maøu phía treân
ườ
top up (with) v. to raise the
Tr
level of a liquid in a container to
n
the required level: Ñoå ñaày
vă
top up with distilled water =
Lê
add distilled water to the battery so
that the plates are covered: Chaâm
ñaày nöôùc caát vaøo bình aéc quy
torpedo body n. early type of
touring car with a streamlined
torpedo-like body: Thaân xe coù
hình daùng gioáng quaû ngö loâi
torque 1 n. mechanical force that
causes rotation: Moâ men quay, moâ
men xoaén, löïc xoaén
2 v. (informal) to tighten with a
torque spanner: Sieát chaët vôùi caàn
sieát löïc
torque arm n. T-shaped
extrusion of the rear axle casing to
take up forward thrust of the
357
torque spanner
driven axle: Phaàn voû chöõ T cuûa
caàu sau
torque converter (TC) n. type
of coupling device used with most
automatic gearboxes, consisting of
rotating and static vance assembly,
by which torque can be transmitted
to a fluid held in a sealed
container, which in turn drives a
rotor: Boä bieán moâ
torque converter drive plate =
DRIVE PLATE: Ñóa daãn ñoäng boä
bieán moâ
torque converter housing =
BELL HOUSING: Voû boä bieán moâ
tô
torque converter (lock-up)
ô
ện
clutch = automatically engaged
đi
clutch in a lock-up torque
converter; prevents slipping losses:
Ly hôïp khoùa boä bieán moâ
torque curve n. graph which
shows engine torque as a function
of engine speed: Ñöôøng ñaëc tính
moment theo soá voøng quay (ñaëc
tính toác ñoä)
torque limiter n. tool used in
conjunction with a plug spanner
which allows the controlled
tightening of sparking plugs by
releasing automatically once a
preset torque setting is reached:
Cô caáu haïn cheá momen xoaén
trong ñaàu vaën bougie
torque screwdriver n.
screwdriver with a device that
measures the amount of torque
being applied: Caùi tuoác nô vit coù
boä phaän ño löïc sieát
torque spanner n. spanner
with a device for measure the
amount of torque applied on a nut
or bolt; used for threaded fasteners
torque split tow

with a critical tightening torque, DAMPER

such as cylinder head bolts, alloy total hydrocarbons (THC) n.
wheel lugs, suspension links, etc: measurement of all hydrocarbons
Caàn sieát löïc emitted by the exhaust system: Ño
torque split n. distributing toång soá löôïng Hydrocacbon ñöôïc
torque between front and rear thaûi ra bôûi heä thoáng xaû
axles in a 4wd vehicle: Söï phaân total-loss lubrication n. the
phoái moâmen giöõa 2 caàu components of the conventional
torque wrench n. = TORQUE two-stroke engine with crankcase
SPANNER : Caàn sieát löïc scavenging are lubricated by the
Torsen differential n. ‘torque- oil added to the fuel; since the oil
sensing‘ differential system is burnt along with the fuel, fresh
incorporating a worm and roller oil is constantly fed to the
mechanism: Boä vi sai Torsen (cô lubrication points inside the
caáu keát hôïp baùnh vít – truïc vít) engine: Söï boâi trôn baèng caùch

tô
theâm nhôùt vaøo nhieân lieäu

ô
Torsen four-wheel drive =

ện
permanently engaged four-wheel touch up v. to repair minimal
drive incorporating a Torsen đi blemishes in the paintwork, e.g.
o
tạ
differential: daãn ñoäng hai caàu vôùi those caused by stone chippings or
ào

boä vi sai Torsen scratches: Sôn laïi choã traày nhoû

-Đ

torsion n. the train on a part or treân thaân xe (do ñaù vaêng)

ng

component produced by torque: toughened windcreen n. windcreen

ườ

Söï xoaén made of toughened glass which, on

Tr

torsional stiffness n. resistance impact, will not shatter like

n

against torsional loads, specified in ordinary glass but fractures into

vă

newton-meter per angular degree small pieces and crazes over;

Lê

of body twisting: Ñoä choáng xoaén laminated glass is nowadays the

torsional vibration damper n. (i) preferred material: Kính cöùng
generally, any device that reduces nhieàu lôùp
torional vibrations (ii) touring car or tourer n. an early
specifically, the small flywheel on type of convertible, often with a
the front end of a crankshaft: Boä folding top, seating five or more
giaûm dao ñoäng xoaén passengers: Xe mui traàn 5 choã
torsion bar n. metal bar tow v. (i) to pull a trailer or caravan
attached at one end to the body behide a vehicle by means of
and at the other to the axle, which atowing hitch: Keùo rô mooùc baèng
acts as a torsional spring when moùc keùo
twisted by the movement of the (ii) to pull a disabled vehicle
car: Thanh xoaén (noái töø cuoái thaân behind another vehicle by means
xe ñeán caàu) of a rope, cable or rigid bar: Keùo
torsion damper n. = xe khaùc theo baèng daây caùp hoaëc
TORSIONAL VIBRATION thanh cöùng

358
towable
towable a. (i) capable of being
towed: Coù theå ñöôïc keùo
(ii) description of a car after an
accident: Xe bò ñuïng
tow away v. to remove
unauthorized (e.g. illegally parked)
vehicle, thus incurring a hefty fine
for the owners: Keùo xe ñi bôûi
caûnh saùt do phaïm luaät
towball or towing ball n.
metal ball on a towing bracket onto
which a trailer or caravan is
coupled: Moùc keùo xe
(NOTE: US English is hitch ball).
tow bar n. (a) crossbar of a
towing bracket onto which the
towball is mounted: Ñoøn gaén moùc
keùo
o
tạ
(b) rigid bar used for towing
ào
disabled vehicle short distances:
-Đ
Thanh cöùng keùo xe
ng
(c) = DRAWBAR: Ñoøn keùo
ườ
tower jack n. tower with a solid foot
Tr
and an arm at right angles which
n
fits into a slot in the side of a car
vă
and is would up the tower to raise
Lê
the vehicle: Caùi kích con ñoäi
daïng thaùp
towing bracket n. structure attached
to the rear of a car to enable a
trailer or caravan to be towed;
consists of one or two brackets, a
towbar and towball: Moùc ñeå keùo
(tröôùc xe)
towing eye or towing lug n.
steel ring fitted to the chassis of a
car to which a towrope can be
attached: Loã moùc xích keùo
towrope n. rope, or textile or
plastic covered cable,ususally no
longer than 5 metres, used for
towing another vehicle: Daây keùo
359
traction control system
xe
Toyota n. the largest car manufacture
in Japan and the third largest in the
world (after GM and Ford): Haõng
xe Toyota.
TPS = THROTTLE POSITION
SENSOR
track n. (vehicle geometry) distance
between the centres of the contact
patches of two wheels on a
common axle: Beà roäng cô sôû cuûa
xe
(NOTE: US English is tread)
track bar n. = PANHARD
ROD: Thanh xoaén Panhard
tô
ô
tracking n. (a) correct
ện
alignment of the wheels; adjusted
đi by means of the track rods: Chænh
ñoä chuïm baùnh xe
tracking mark n. telltale sign
on the distributor cover or ignition
cables indicating a leakage of
current: Veát roø ñieän cao aùp
track rod n. one of the
transverse bars connecting the
steering system to the steering
arms; the link between the drop
arm and the steering-knuckle arm:
Roâ tuyn
(NOTE: also called tie rod).
traction n. (a) pulling force: Löïc keùo.
(b) adhesive friction between the
tyre and the road surface; gripping
power: Khaû naêng baùm cuûa baùnh
xe.
traction avant (French for)
front wheel drive: Baùnh tröôùc chuû
ñoäng.
traction control system n. =
ANTI-SPIN REGULATION: Heä
thoáng ñieàu khieån löïc keùo (choáng
quay xe)
traction differential
traction differential n. =
LIMITED-SPIN DIFFERENTIAL:
Boä vi sai coù khoùa choáng quay
tractive conversion n. =
STALL TORQUE RATIO
traffic n. vehicles travelling along a
road or street: Xe coä treân ñöôøng
trafficator n. = SEMAPHORE
INDICATOR
traffic circle n. US roundabout:
Voøng xoay
traffic island n. raised area in
the middle of a road designed to
separate two flows of traffic and to
provide a safe temporary stopping
place for pedestrians crossing the
road: Con löôn daønh cho ngöôøi ñi
boä ñöùng traùnh xe
o
tạ
traffic jam n. a number of
ào
vehicles stopped behind one
-Đ
another on a road: Söï uøn taéc giao
ng
thoâng, keït xe
ườ
traffic light n. red, amber, and
Tr
green lights on a traffic signal
n
placed at junctions to regulate the
vă
flow of traffic: Ñeøn tín hieäu giao
Lê
thoâng
trail n. = CASTOR
trailer n. (a) a, usually two-wheeled,
vehicle designed to be towed
behind a car: Xe moùc
(b) the goods-containing part of an
articulated lorry that is drawn by
the cab: Toa moùc
(c) US caravan: Xe nhaø löu ñoäng
trailling arm or link n. rear
suspension link which supports the
wheel behide the pivot point: Ñoøn
keùo heä thoáng treo sau
tram (car) n. electrically driven
public transport vehicle which runs
on rails laid in the surface of the
360
Transistorized coil ignition
road and which is usually powered
by an overhead cable: Xe chôû
khaùch coâng coäng chaïy baèng ñieän
(xe ñieän)
(NOTE: US English is street car).
tramline or tramway n. the
rails along which a tram runs:
Ñöôøng ray xe ñieän
tranny n. US (informal) =
TRANSMISSION: Hoäp soá
transaxle n. combination of
transmission and differential
typical of FWD cars with
transverse engines: Cuïm hoäp soá
vaø caàu cho ñoäng cô naèm ngang
tô
ô
transaxle housing = usually an
ện
aluminium casting for the
đi transaxle: Voû hoäp soá vaø caàu
transfer (gear) box or transfer case
n. gearbox that transfers an input
drive between two shafts, e.g.
between front and rear axle in
four-wheel drive vehicles: Hoäp soá
phuï
transfer plate n. adapter plate
in the control valve assembly of
automatic transmissions, used to
direct the fluid flow between
adjacent valve bodies: Taám
chuyeån doøng chaûy (hoäp soá töï
ñoäng)
transfer port n. port in the
cylinder of a two-stroke engine
through which the compressed
combustible air/fuel mixture enters
the combustion chamber from the
crankcase: Cöûa naïp (ñoäng cô hai
kyø)
Transistorized coil ignition (TCI)
(system) n. =
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION
(SYSTEM): Ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn
transistorized ignition (system)
duøng transistor
transistorized coil ignition with
Hall sensor (TCI-H) = (b) the drive train system from
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION
WITH HALL GENERATOR:
Ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm bieán
Hall
transistorized ignition (system)
(TI) = ignition system using a
transistor as a power switch;
available as breaker-triggered TI
with contact breaker or as
breakerless TI with magnetic pick-
up or Hall generator: Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn
transistorized ignition system
with inductive pulse generator =
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION
o
tạ
WITH INDUCTIVE PICK-UP: Heä
ào
thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm
-Đ
bieán ñieän töø
ng
transistorized ignition with
ườ
Hall generator (TI-H) = there are
Tr
two types of TI-H; in one version,
n
the dwell angle is determined by
vă
the width of the rotor vanes in the
Lê
distributor; the other version
contains a circuit for automatic
dwell angle control incorporated in
the electronic control unit: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm
bieán Hall
transistorized ignition with
inductive or magnetic pick-up
(TI-I) = transistorized ignition
system with a magnetic pick-up in
the distributor and an electronic
control unit for signal processing,
with curent and dwell angle
control: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn
daãn coù caûm bieán ñieän töø
transmission n. (a) the transference
361
transmission cover
of motive force or power: Söï
truyeàn löïc hoaëc coâng suaát
clutch to final drive (c) US
gearbox: Boä truyeàn löïc, hoäp soá
transmission controlled spark
(TCS) n. system to reduce the
emission of nitrous oxides by
which a vacuum solenoid and a
switch in the transmission system
prevents the distributor’s vacuum
advance mechanism from
operating in the lower gears and at
low speed: Ñieàu khieån löûa ñeå
giaûm haøm löôïng NOx qua cô caáu
tô
ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng taùc
ô
ện
ñoäng nhôø coâng taéc ôû hoäp soá
đi transmission control module
(TCM) n. electronic automatic
transmission control unit which
computes data on the actuoácl
operating conditions of the vehicle
and generates corresponding signal
pulses for the solenoid valve of the
hydraulic control system; may also
exchange data with other
electronic control units: Hoäp ñieän
töû ñieàu khieån hoäp soá töï ñoäng
transmission control system n.
hydraulic or electro-hydraulic
system which controls the changes
of ratio in automatic transmissions
corresponding to engine load,
vehicle speed, positions of the
selector lever, and shift mode
button.: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån hoäp
soá
transmission cover n. a
removable part of the floorpan
usually located at the front end of
the centre tunnel in cars with a
longitudinally mounted engine;
transmission extension (housing)
provides better access to the top of
the gearbox for maintenance and
adjustment purposes: Voû hoäp soá
(cho ñoäng cô naèm doïc)
transmission extension
(housing) n. rear-wheel drive
transmission housing enclosing an
extended main shaft, sometimes
accommodating the gear lever and
associated mechanism: Voû caàu sau
transmission governor n. =
GOVERNOR: Boä ñieàu toác
transmission housing
housing containing the gearbox
and final drive on front-wheel
drive cars with transverse engines
in which housing and clutch are at
opposite ends of the engine: Voû
hoäp soá (cho ñoäng cô naèm ngang)
transmitter n. (e.g. of radio remote
-Đ
control system) device that
ng
transmits electrical or radio
ườ
signals: Boä phaùt tín hieäu voâ tuyeán
Tr
(ñieàu khieån töø xa)
n
( NOTE: opposite is receiver).
vă
transporter n. large articulated lorry
Lê
for transporting several cars (on
two or three decks): Loaïi xe to
duøng ñeå chôû oâ toâ
Transverse engine n. the typical
engine arrangement on FWD
subcompact cars with the engine
mounted across the car, which
reduces the length of the engine
compartment, resulting in more
space for the passenger
compartment; introduced in 1959
by the British design engineer Sir
Alec Issigonis on the BMC Mini:
Ñoäng cô naèm ngang
(NOTE: also called east-west
layout; the opposite is
tread
longitudinal engine).
transverse (flow) scavenging
n. = CROSS SCAVENGING: Söï
queùt khí thaúng
transverse leaf spring n.
usually a semi-elliptic leaf spring
mounted across the car for either
front or rear suspension, with
radius arms being necessary to
locate the axle: Laù nhíp naèm
ngang
transverse rod n. = PANHARD
n. ROD: Thanh xoaén Panhard
trap n. a filter or separator: caùi loïc
trap oxidizer = in diesel
tô
ô
particulate filters, a means of
ện
burning the particulate charge
đi trapped in the filter element, to
o
tạ
prevent the filter from clogging
ào
and to restore filtration capacity;
usually a catalyst coating that
promotes oxidation of carbon
particulates to harmless carbon
dioxide: Boä phaän ñoát tieáp muoäi
than
trapping efficiency n. (of two-
stroke engines) the mass of fresh
charge in a cylinder actually
retained, divided by the mass of
fresh charge supplied per cycle:
Hieäu suaát naïp (2 kyø)
travel n. the distance moved by a
mechanical part when performing
an operation; e.g. the stroke of a
piston: Haønh trình
TR-Denloc rim / wheel = TD RIM /
WHEEL: Nieàng / baùnh xe TR-
Denloc
tread n. (a) the part of the tyre that
makes contact with the road; it is
the thickest part of the tyre and is
cut with grooves to provide traction
362
tread depth
for driving and stopping: Maët gai
voû xe
(b) US = TRACK.
tread depth n. the depth of
the grooves in a tyre tread; 1.6 mm
across three-quarters of the tyre
which is a legal requirement:
Chieàu saâu gai voû xe
tread depth gauge = simple
compact device for measuring the
depth of tread, consisting of a
spring-loaded plunger calibrated in
millimetres: Duïng cuï ño chieàu
saâu gai voû xe
tread groove n. one of several
channels cut in the tread that
disperses water when the road is
wet: Ñöôøng raõnh ta loâng voû xe
o
tạ
tread profile n. the shape of
ào
the tread as seen in cross section:
-Đ
Daïng ta loâng loáp xe ñöôïc nhìn
ng
theo maët caét ngang
ườ
triangular earth electrode n. earth
Tr
electrode having three bridges
n
attached to its end points, which
vă
from a link to the treaded shell:
Lê
ñieän cöïc 3 chaáu (bougie)
triangular safety reflector n.
= WARNING TRIANGLE: Bieån
baùo nguy hieåm hình tam giaùc
tricar n. old name for a three-
wheeler: Xe oâ toâ, moâ toâ ba baùnh
trichlorethene or trichlorethylene
(C2HCl3) n. cleaning solvent:
Loaïi dung moâi
trickle charge n. continuous charging
of a storage battery at a low rate to
keep it in a fully charged condition
for a period when no current is
drawn from it: Naïp aéc quy töø töø
trickle charger = small,
mains-operated battery charger,
363
trip computer
typically delivering less than five
amperes: Boä naïp ñieän loaïi nhoû
trigger box n. = IGNITION
CONTROL UNIT: Boä ñieàu khieån
(IC) ñaùnh löûa
triggering device or unit
electronic control unit that triggers
the air bag in a crash, containing a
deceleration sensor, a Hamlin
switch and a check circuit: Thieát
bò laøm bung tuùi khí
trigger wheel n. (a) rotor of a
magnetic pick-up integrated into
the distributor, with as many teeth
as the engine has cylinders: Roâto
tô
caûm bieán ñieän töø
ô
ện
(b) (Hall generator) rotor with an
đi outer ring interrupted by one or
several Hall windows, depending
on its purpose: Roâto caûm bieán
Hall
trim n. (a) a car’s interior decoration,
including the upholstery, roof and
door linings (b) a car’s exterior
decoration, including wheel trims,
rubbing strips, bezels: Söï trang trí
xe
(NOTE: also called soft trim)
trim panel n. decorative interior
panel: Taám trang trí.
trim panel release tool = fork-
like tool used to pry out fasteners
on interior panels without breaking
them or damaging the car: Duïng
cuï thaùo taám trang trí.
trip computer n. computer with a
multi-function display; supplies the
drive with trip information such as
range, ETA, distance to
destination, time, fuel economy,
fuel consumption, average speed,
accumulated trip miles, elapsed
triplex chain
time since last reset: maùy tính
haønh trình
triplex chain n. a chain with three
rows of rollers: Xích coù ba daõy
con laên
trip meter or trip mileage counter
n. = TRIP RECORDER: Ñoàng hoà
ño quaõng ñöôøng moät cuoäc haønh
trình
trip odometer n. = TRIP
RECORDER: Ñoàng hoà ño quaõng
ñöôøng moät cuoäc haønh trình
trip recorder n. incorporated
in the speedometer, the trip
recorder indicates the mileage (in
miles or km) covered during a
particular journey (trip), either
mechanically or electronically; trip
o
tạ
figures can be reset to zero by
ào
turning or pushing a reset button:
-Đ
Ñoàng hoà ño quaõng ñöôøng moät
ng
cuoäc haønh trình
ườ
trolleybus n. electrically powered
Tr
public transport bus that takes its
n
power from overhead wires: OÂ toâ
vă
ñieän (baùnh hôi)
Lê
trolley jack n. hydraulic jack
with swivel wheels: Con ñoäi thuyû
löïc coù baùnh xe
troy weight n. system of
measurement of weight used for
gold and other metals, such as
silver and platinum: Heä thoáng ño
troïng löôïng cuûa Anh duøng ñeå caân
vaøng, baïc
troy ounce = measurement of
weight (= 31.10 grammes): Ñôn vò
ño troïng löôïng cuûa vaøng
(NOTE: in writing, often shortened
to troy oz, after figures: 25.2 troy
oz.)
TR rim n. safety rim developed by
364
tubing reamer
Michelin with a flattened rim
flange and run-flat potential:
Nieàng xe an toaøn TR
truck n. a large lorry.: Xe vaän taûi
naëng
true n. & adv. Accurately made
or correctly adjusted: Söï laép ñuùng
choã (n.), chænh ñuùng (adv.)
the wheel runs true = the
wheel rolls straight without any
wobble or deviation from side to
side: Baùnh xe chaïy khoâng ñaûo
(NOTE: opposite is out of true).
true up v. = DRESS: Baøo
maët, maøi giuõa
tô
ô
trunk n. US boot : Thuøng ñeå haønh
ện
lyù ñaèng sau xe hôi
đi
tube n. (a) long hollow cylinder for
carrying liquids or gas: OÁng daãn
(b) = INNER TUBE: Ruoät xe
tube bender = tool for bending
tubing without collapsing it, e.g.
pipe bending pliers: duïng cuï uoán
oáng
tube cutter = tool with cutting
wheels for cutting off tubing
evenly at right angles: Duïng cuï
caét oáng
tubed a. (of a tyre) having an
inner tube: Coù ruoät xe (loáp xe)
tubeless a. (of a tyre) having
no inner tube: Khoâng coù ruoät xe
(loáp xe)
tubeless tyre = tyre with no
inner tube, whose air pressure is
maintained by an air-tight seal
between the outer casing of the
tyre and the wheel rim: Loáp (voû)
xe khoâng coù ruoät
tubing reamer n. tool used to
remove burrs on tubes, e.g. after a
tube cutter is used when servicing
tubular
the brake line system.: Caùi laõ oáng
tubular a. in the shape of a tube;
cylindrical: Coù hình oáng
tubular backbone frame = a
backbone chassis with a tubular
central spine: Khung söôøn chính
baèng oáng
tubular frame = frame
construction that features members
of tubular cross section; often used
for racing cars, as this layout
allows for weight-saving design
with the used of aluminium:
Khung xe baèng oáng raùp laïi
tubular nut driver or spinner
= nut driver with handle and
tubular shank for driving hexagon
nuts and bolts: oáng tuyùp
tuner n. that component / circuit of a
radio which tunes to the
-Đ
frequencies of radio stations;
ng
(tuner + amplifier = receiver): Boä
ườ
doø ñaøi (radio)
Tr
tune (up) v. to adjust an engine to
n
obtain optimum performance; e.g.
vă
adjustment of the ignition timing,
Lê
valve clearances and the
carburettor’s idling circuit, and
servicing of the distributor and
sparking plugs: Caân chænh ñoäng
cô
tuned header n. = HIGH-
PERFORMANCE HEADER
tune-up n. adjustments made
to an engine to improve its
performance: Söï caân chænh ñoäng
cô
tune-up decal or label
VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION: Nhaõn chöùng
nhaän ñaõ kieåm tra khí thaûi
tungsten n. hard, malleable, greyish-
turbocharged engine
white element used in lamp
filaments, electrical contact points
and, alloyed with steel, in high-
speed cutting tools: Vonfram
tungsten-halogen bulb = a
quartz-halogen bulb with a
tungsten filament: Boùng ñeøn
vonfam-halogen
tuning n. the adjustment of
carburettor, ignition timing, etc. to
improve performance: Söï caân
chænh ñoäng cô
tunnel drier or tunnel furnace n.
heated tunnel through which body
shells are passed in painting lines,
tô
e.g. to dry their phosphate coating:
ô
ện
OÁng saáy sôn
đi
turbine n. machine which produces
o
tạ
power by the action of water,
ào
steam, gas, etc. turning a wheel
with blades.: Tuoác bin
turbine housing or casing n.
the casing enclosing a turbine.: Voû
tuoác bin
turbine wheel n. (a) (of a
turbocharger) wheel driven by
exhaust gases, the turbine wheel
spins at speed up to 1.6 x 105 rpm
and drivesthe compressor which is
located at the opposite end of the
turbine shaft; wheel and shaft are
usually inseparable: Baùnh coâng
taùc cuûa tuoác bin taêng aùp
(b) (of a torque converter) driven
member which transmits multiplied
engine torque to the transmission
in put shaft: Baùnh coâng taùc cuûa boä
= bieán moâ
turbocharged engine n. engine fitted
with a turbocharger: Ñoäng cô coù
tuoác bin taêng aùp
turbocharger or (informal) turbo n.
365
turbocharging
a centrifugal compressor or
supercharger driven by exhaust gas
energy: Tuoác bin taêng aùp
turbocharging n. a method of
extracting more power from an
engine of a given capacity by
means of a turbine unit driven by
exhaust gases and rotating at very
high speed.: taêng aùp baèng tuoác
bin
turbo diesel (engine) n. a diesel
engine which is turbocharged:
Ñoäng cô Diesel coù tuoác bin taêng
aùp
turbo diesel engine with direct
injection (TDI) = directly injected
turbo diesel engine: Ñoäng cô
Diesel coù tuoác bin taêng aùp phun
o
tạ
tröïc tieáp
ào
(NOTE: opposite is swirt-chamber
-Đ
diesel engine).
ng
turbo gauge n. boost pressure
ườ
gauge of turbocharged engines:
Tr
Ñoàng hoà baùo aùp suaát tuoác bin
n
taêng aùp
vă
turbo lag n. the time it takes a
Lê
turbocharger to respond after the
accelerator pedal has been
depressed: Thôøi gian ñaùp öùng cuûa
tuoác bin
turbo-supercharger n. =
TURBOCHARGER: Tuoác bin
taêng aùp
turbulence n. = SWIRL: Söï xoaùy
loác
turnbuckle n. metal sleeve with
opposite internal threads each end
for the threaded ends of two rods
or for ringbolts, forming a coupling
that can be turned to tighten or
loosen the rods or wires attached to
the ringbolts: Thanh coù theå hieäu
366
twelve-valve
chænh chieàu daøi qua ñai oác
turning circle n. the smallest
circle in which a vehicle can turn,
i.e. with the wheels on full lock:
Voøng troøn nhoû nhaát trong ñoù
moät chieác xe coù theå quay ñaàu
ñöôïc
turning radius = the radius of
the turning circle: Baùn kính xe
quay voøng
turn-in rate n. the way a car
steers into a bend; the roll-steer
effect: Ñoä quay
turnpike n. US toll road,
especially one that is an
tô
ô
expressway: Coång ngaên thu leä phí
ện
ñöôøng
đi turn signal indicator n. =
DIRECTION INDICATOR: Ñeøn
xi nhan, ñeøn baùo reõ
TVS = THERMAL VACUUM
SWITCH: Coâng taéc nhieät chaân
khoâng
TVV = THERMAL VACUUM
VALVE : Van nhieät chaân khoâng.
TWC = THREE-WAY CATALYST:
Boä xuùc taùc ba chaát taùc duïng.
tweak n. (informal) to tune an engine
for peak performance: Hieäu chænh
ñoäng cô ñaït coâng suaát toái ña
twelve-cylinder engine n. an engine
with twelve cylinders, e.g. a V-12:
Ñoäng cô 12 xi lanh.
twelve-valve (engine) n. three-
cylinder engine with four valves
per cylinder ( e.g. Daihatsu), or a
six-cylinder engine with two
valves per cylinder, or a four-
cylinder engine with three valves
per cylinder, i.e. two inlet valves
and one exhaust valve: Ñoäng cô
12 suù paùp (3 xy lanh vôùi 4 suù paùp
TWI
cho moãi xy lanh).
TWI = THREAD WEAR
INDICATORS: Duïng cuï ño ñoä
moøn ren.
twin A-arm suspension n. =
DOUBLE WISHBONE
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo tay
ñoøn chöõ A ñoâi
twin axle n. = TANDEM
AXLE: Caàu xe ñoâi.
twin barrel or twin choke
carburettor n. carburettor with
two identical barrels to feed two
banks of cylinders : Boä cheá hoøa
khí coù hai böôùm gioù.
twin cam (shaft) engine n. =
DOUBLE OVERHEAD CAM-
SHAFT ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù hai
truïc cam treân naép maùy
twin carburettors (TC) n. two
-Đ
carburettors on an engine,
ng
mechanically coupled and
ườ
balanced: Boä cheá hoøa khí ñoâi.
Tr
twin diaphragm pump n.
n
vă
diaphragm pump with two
diaphragms; if one fails the other
Lê
takes over its function: Bôm maøng
ñoâi.
twin exhaust system
exhaust system with two tailpipes;
either a complete exhaust system,
as on performance cars and cars
with V-engines, or simply two
tailpipes emanating from the rear
silencer: Heä thoáng xaû coù hai oáng
poâ
(NOTE: US English is dual
exhaust system).
twin front pipe or twin header
or headpipe n. = Y-PIPE.: Ñaàu
oáng poâ daïng chöõ Y
twin headlamp n. headlamp
twin swirl combustion chamber
arrangement containing two
headlights; the outer lights provide
the main and dipped beams, the
inner lights are for main beam
only: Ñeøn ñaàu coù hai boùng
twin ignition (system) n.
distributor with two sets of contact
points, each of which operates with
its own coil in a separate primary
circuit; the contact points open
alternately, each set firing haft of
the cylinders: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
keùp (2 vít löûa)
twin overhead camshaft n. =
DOUBLE OVERHEAD CAM-
tô
SHAFT: Ñoäng cô coù hai truïc cam
ô
ện
treân naép maùy
đi twin-piston engine n. now
o
tạ
obsolete two-stroke engine design
ào
featuring two cylinder barrels plus
two pistons per cylinder; the
pistons are linked to the crankshaft
via a forked con rod or a master/
slave con rod assembly : Ñoäng cô
hai pittoâng.
twin-planets n. two planet
gears in mesh; one meshes with
the sun gear and the other with the
n. internal gear: Boä baùnh raêng haønh
tinh
twin-plate clutch n. clutch with
two driven plates separated by an
intermediate drive plate; gives
higher torque capacity: Ly hôïp hai
ñóa
twin plug or twin spark ignition
n. = TWIN IGNITION (SYSTEM):
Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp
boâbin ñoâi.
twin swirl combustion chamber
n. special design of a four-stroke
engine, in which the intake valves
367
twin-tube damper
are arranged in such a way as to
ensure that the gas flow ends in
two separate swirl; this design
improves swirl and thus enhances
combustion of the fuel / air mixture
within cylinder: Buoàng chaùy vôùi
hai ñöôøng xoaùy loác
twin-tube damper n. =
DOUBLE-TUBE SHOCK
ABSORBER: Boä giaûm chaán hai
oáng
twin wheel n. (a) a double-
rimmed wheel with two
independently inflated tyres; has
good aquaplaning and run-flat
properties: Baùnh xe hai nieàng
(b) with two wheel fitted to one
hub ( as in HGVs ): Baùnh xe ñoâi.
o
tạ
twist-beam rear axle n. = SEMI-
ào
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION:
-Đ
Heä thoáng treo baùn ñoäc laäp.
ng
twist drill n. drill bit having
ườ
two helical grooves running from
Tr
the point along the shank: Löôõi
n
khoan
vă
two-cycle engine n. = TWO-
Lê
STROKE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô hai
kyø
two-door n. having one door
on each side; a body design typical
of all two-seater sports cars (such
as roadster, spiders) and many
subcompact cars: Xe hai cöûa.
two-pack paint = paint
prepared by mixing two
constituents, such as pigment and
an acrylic resin: Loaïi sôn ñöôïc
pha troän töø hai thaønh phaàn khaùc
nhau (ví duï chaát maøu vaø nhöïa
acylic)
two-piece (forged) alloy wheel
n. wheel which consists of the rim
368
two-valve engine
and the wheel disc or spider bolted
together : Maâm hôïp kim loaïi hai
nöûa taùch rôøi
(NOTE: ‘ forged ‘ is optional, since
multi-piece alloy wheels are
always forged and not cast)
two-speed a. having two-speed
settings (e.g. fan, windscreen
wiper): Hai toác ñoä.
two-speed gearbox = DUAL-
RANGE GEARBOX: Hoäp soá hai
toác ñoä .
two-stage carburettor n. =
COMPOUND CARBURETTOR:
Boä cheá hoøa khí keùp.
tô
ô
two-stage pump = generally a
ện
centrifugal pump with two
đi impellers and diffusers arranged in
series: Bôm hai taàng
two-stroke cycle n. operating
principle of an internal combustion
engine characterized by the fact
that the inlet, compression,
combustion and exhaust phases
overlap and require only two
cycles; used mainly by small
motocycle engines: Chu trình
ñoäng cô hai kyø
two-stroke engine = an engine
operating on the two-stroke cycle:
Ñoäng cô hai kyø.
two-tone horn n. two horns whose
diaphragms cause a column of air
to resonate at two different
frequencies: Coøi hai gioïng.
two-tone paint = paint colour
of two different shades: Lôùp sôn
coù hai toâng maøu.
two-valve engine n. engine
with two-valves per cylinder:
Ñoäng cô coù hai suù paùp cho moãi xy
lanh
two-valve head
two-valve head = cylinder head
with two valves per cylinder: Naép
xy lanh coù hai suù paùp cho moãi xy
lanh
two-way catalyst n.
OXIDIZING CATALYST: Chaát
xuùc taùc hai taùc duïng
two-way (catalytic) converter
= OXIDIZING CONVERTER: Boä
xuùc taùc hai taùc duïng
two-way system
turbocharging system in which, as
long as the charging pressure is
insufficient, the air is drawn in
from a prechamber via a
diaphragm valve; with rising
charging pressure, the valve closes
and the turbocharger delivers air
via the surge tank connected to a
pressure regulator: Heä thoáng tuoác
-Đ
bin taêng aùp coù hai ñöôøng daãn
ng
two-wheel drive n. the normal
ườ
drive for a vehicle in which two of
Tr
the four wheels (either front or
n
rear) are driven: Hai baùnh chuû
vă
ñoäng.
Lê
two-wheel driven = of a vehicle
with two-wheel drive; also written
‘4 x 2‘: Hai baùnh bò ñoäng.
type approval certificate
certificate issued by the
Department of Transport denoting
that a particular vehicle type meets
official requirements: giaáy chöùng
nhaän xe ñuû tieâu chuaån
type designation or symbol n.
sparking plug designation
indicating seat and thread type,
version, heat range code number,
reach, spark position, and
electrode material: Kyù hieäu loaïi
bougie
tyre pressure
tyre n. the casing-and-thread
assembly that is mounted on a
wheel to provide preumatically
cushioned contact and traction with
= the road: Voû, loáp xe.
tyre bead n. the part of a tyre
which is shaped to fit the rim and
rests on the rim bead seat; made of
steel wires, wrapped and
reinforced by the plies of the tyre:
n. Gaân meùp voû xe
tyre body n. = CARCASS
tyre chains n. = SNOW
CHAINS
tyre contact area / zone n. =
tô
CONTACT PATCH
ô
ện
tyre gauge n. = TYRE
đi PRESSURE GAUGE
o
tạ
tyre iron n. = TYRE LEVER :
ào
Caàn naäy voû xe
(NOTE: the term tyre iron is
occasionally used to denote a
wheelbrace with a flat end and a
socket end).
tyre kicker n. (informal) in
car sales jargon, a person who is
just looking, not buying. : ngöôøi
chæ ñi xem maø khoâng mua xe
tyre lever n. special automotive
n. tool used to remove and install
tyres by level action or to prize off
parts : Caàn naäy voû xe
(NOTE: US English is iron)
tyre pressure n. manufacture’s
recommended pressure for a tyre,
dependent on load, speed, etc…
usually given in bar, or pound-
force per square inch (psi): AÙp
suaát loáp xe
tyre pressure gauge =
instrument for measuring air
pressure in a tyre: Duïng cuï ño aùp
369
tyre rotation tyre valve

suaát loáp xe tyre squeal n. noise made by

tyre rotation n. = WHEEL
ROTATION: Söï thay ñoåi voû xe
(giöõa caùc baùnh tröôùc vaø sau)
tyre scuff n. = TYRE WEAR:
Söï moøn voû xe
tyre size (designation) n.
specified on the tyre sidewall; e.g.
P 205/60 R 15, where: P =
Passenger car; 205 = tyre width in
millimetres; 60 = tyre section
height to width ratio; R = radial
ply; 15 = nominal run diameter in
inches: Thoâng soá kích thöôùc voû
loáp xe
the tyres when sufiering sudden
acceleration or braking or when
cornering too fast: Tieáng rít cuûa
voû xe.
tyre tread gauge n. = TREAD
DEPTH GAUGE
tyre valve n. the function of
the tyre valve is to admit air under
pressure to the tyre chamber
formed between the casing and the
rim, and to release air for pressure-
adjustment purposes or tyre
removal; car tubeless tyres use a
snap-in valve: Van loáp xe

tô
tyre slip angle n. = SLIP

ô
ện
ANGLE
đi
o
tạ
ào
-Đ
ng
ườ
Tr
n
vă
Lê

370
U-bolt
Uu
U-bolt n. metal bar in the shape of a
U, threaded at both ends and often
with a bridging piece to close the
circle; used to secure leaf springs,
exhaust pipes, ring bolts, shackles,
etc: Bu-loâng hình chöõ U (duøng
keïp nhíp, poâ)
U-cylinder engine n. = TWIN-
PISTON ENGINE
UDC = UPPER DEAD CENTRE
UJ or U-joint = UNIVERSAL JOINT
ultrasonic welding n. a high-tech
welding procedure used for metals
(e. g. in wire bonding of
integrated circuits) and plastics:
o
tạ
Kyõ thuaät haøn sieâu aâm (duøng ñeå
ào
daùn daây treân vi maïch)
-Đ
unburnt hydrocarbons n. pollutant
ng
(basically petrol vapour) released
ườ
into the atmosphere as an exhaust
Tr
gas, due to incomplete
n
combustion: Hydrocacbon coøn
vă
soùt (chöa chaùy) trong khí thaûi
Lê
UNC thread n. Unified National
Coarse thread; one of the screw
threads used on British cars:
Ñöôøng ren thoâ theo tieâu chuaån
quoác gia Anh
underbody n. the underside of a car:
Gaàm xe
underbody coating or
underbody protection = coating
of the underbody of a vehicle,
usually with organic coating
materials (plastic, wax, bitumen-
based products), to protect it from
mechanical damage and
corrosion: Lôùp phuû choáng va ñaäp
vaø aên moøn gaàm xe
371
underinflated tyre
underbody structure = the
structural members and flat panels
of the body-work on the chassis
level: Caáu truùc khung gaàm
(NOTE: may also be called sub-
structure)
underbonnet area n. the
engine compartment: Vuøng capoâ
chöùa ñoäng cô xe
undercarriage n. =
UNDERBODY STRUCTURE
undercoat n. (a) any preliminary
tô
ô
coat of paint applied prior to the
ện
top coat (b) US = UNIVERSAL:
đi Lôùp sôn loùt tröôùc lôùp sôn ngoaøi
undercut n. recess either cut or
moulded into the underside of an
object so as to leave a lip or
protuberance at the top: Vaønh
underfloor n. the underside of
a car: Gaàm xe
underfloor mid-engine = new
design, introduced on the Toyota
Previa minivan, where the engine
is located below the passenger
compartment, between front and
rear: Ñoäng cô ñaët giöõa xe
underframe n. general term
referring to the underbody
backbone of a car, both for unitary
or chassis designs: Khung xe
underhead collar n. washer
fitted under the head of a bolt or
screw: Voøng ñeäm döôùi ñaàu bu-
loâng hoaëc ñinh vít
underinflated tyre n. tyre
which has too little air in it,
causing increased wear at the
tread edge: Baùnh xe non hôi (laøm
underpowered
moøn gai)
(NOTE: opposite is overinflated
tyre)
underpowered a. of a car
whose engine provides less power
than is necessary for acceptable
performance; especially
noticeable when accelerating,
overtaking or going uphill: Xe
chaïy khoâng ñuû coâng suaát, lì maùy
underseal 1 n. rustproof
coating with sound-deadening
properties applied to the
underbody: Lôùp sôn loùt gaàm xe
(NOTE: US English is undercoat)
2 v. to apply underseal: Phuû lôùp
sôn loùt cho gaàm xe
under seat panel n. = SEAT
o
tạ
WELL
ào
undershield n. body accessory panel
-Đ
made from tough, oil-resistant
ng
plastic for fitting on cars that do
ườ
not have a standard wheel house
Tr
panel: Taám che phía döôùi gaàm
n
underside n. the lower side of the
vă
underbody, i. e. the surfaces that
Lê
the road surface: Maët beân döôùi
xe (gaàm xe)
underslung a. suspended
below a supporting member, e. g.
of a chassis suspended below the
axles: Khung ñöôïc treo thaáp hôn
caàu
underslung frame = frame
design of the pre-war era whose
characteristic feature is that the
frame members run below the
axles: Khung xe döôùi truïc
undersquare engine n. =
LONG STROKE ENGINE: Ñoäng
cô coù haønh trình pittoâng daøi
understeer 1 v. (of a vehicle)
372
uniform corrosion
to turn less sharply than the driver
intends: Quay voøng thieáu
2 n. action of understerring: Söï
quay voøng thieáu
(NOTE: opposite is oversteer)
undertray n. the bottom panel
of multi-layer or complex
underbody panel assemblies,
which faces the road surface: saøn
döôùi xe
undertread n. = BREAKER
unequal-length wishbone suspension
or (informal) unequal wishbones
n. double wishbone suspension
system in which the upper
tô
wishbone is shorter than the lower
ô
ện
one, with both converging slightly
đi at the wheel hub; reduces tyre
wear due to variations in track and
camber angle when cornering: Heä
thoáng treo hai ñoøn coù chieàu daøi
khoâng baèng nhau
UNF thread n. Unified National Fine
thread; one of the screw threads
used on British cars: Ñöôøng ren
mòn theo tieâu chuaån quoác gia
Anh
Unibody (construction) n. =
UNITARY CONSTRUCTION:
Caáu truùc khung nguyeân khoái
unidirectional (flow) scavenging or
uniflow scavenging n.
scavenging process of two-stroke
engines: Heä thoáng queùt khí moät
chieàu (ñoäng cô 2 kyø)
Unified National Coarse thread see
UNC THREAD
Unified National Fine thread see
UNF THREAD
uniform corrosion n. corrosion
occurring over the entire exposed
surface: Söï aên moøn toaøn boä beà
union nut
maët
(NOTE: opposite is localized
corrosion)
union nut n. nut used to secure the
connection between pipes or rods:
Ñai oác noái oáng daãn, thanh, caàn
(Raêcco)
unitary construction n. modern
chassis layout with no separate
frame, using the sheet metal parts
of the vehicle body or floorpan as
structural members which also
carry all suspension parts;
introduced by Citroen in 1934, by
GM/Opel Olympia in 1935: Caáu
truùc khung nguyeân khoái
(NOTE: also called monocoque)
unit engine n. a term used for
o
tạ
motorcycles where engine and
ào
gearbox are accommodated in one
-Đ
common housing: Cuïm ñoäng cô
ng
goàm ñoäng cô vaø hoäp soá treân xe
ườ
gaén maùy.
Tr
universal joint (UJ) n. (a) a form of
n
coupling between two rotating
vă
shafts allowing freedom of
Lê
movement in all directions;
general term for a family of
universal joint designs: Khôùp noái
caùc ñaêng
(b) (tool) accessory which allows
a socket to be turned through an
angle: Duïng cuï coù khôùp noái vaïn
naêng
universally jointed shaft n. =
CARDAN SHAFT
universal sparking plug socket
n. sparking plug socket with
universal joint for reaching hard-
to-get-at sparking plugs: Tuyùp môû
bougie ña duïng
unleaded petrol n. petrol to which no
373
U section
lead has been added: Xaêng
khoâng
pha chì
unloader valve n. = DELIVERY
VALVE
unsprung mass or weight n. the
weight of those parts of the car
which are not carried by the
suspension system, but are
supported directly by the tyre and
wheel assembly and considered to
move with it: Khoái löôïng khoâng
ñöôïc treo (khoái löôïng cuûa caùc
chi tieát noái vôùi baùnh xe)
(NOTE: opposite is sprung mass /
tô
weight)
ô
ện
updraught carburettor n.
đi carburettor in which the air / fuel
mixture is drawn in from below; a
rather unusual type: Boä cheá hoøa
khí ñaûo ngöôïc (coù mieäng huùt gioù
vaø caùc boä phaän phuï thuoäc ñeå
luoàng gioù ñi töø döôùi leân treân vaø
chaïy thaúng qua oáng goùp naïp)
(NOTE: opposite is downdraught
carburettor)
upper dead centre (UDC) n. = TOP
DEAD CENTRE: Ñieåm cheát treân
up-stroke n. the ascending stroke of
a piston, from BDC to TDC: Haønh
trình pít-toâng ñi leân
urban driving n. driving in
towns, in built-up areas: Chaïy xe
vuøng thaønh phoá
(NOTE: US English is metro
driving)
urban (test) cycle n. driving
cyclethat simulates driving in a
town: Chu kyø kieåm tra xe chaïy
trong thaønh phoá
U section n. a sheet metal section
often used on underbody structural
ute UV absorber

members; it differs from a box utility (truck) n. = PICK-UP

section in that the fourth wall of UV absorber or stabilizer n. any
the box is missing, i. e. its cross substance that absorbs ultraviolet
section more or less resembles the radiation, then dissipates the
letter U: Tieát dieän daïng chöõ U energy in a harmless form; used in
ute (informal) (Australia) = plastics and rubbers to decrease
UTILITY TRUCK: Loaïi xe taûi light sensitivity: Thieát bò giaûm tia
nhoû, khoâng mui, thaønh thaáp (cho cöïc tím
caùc nhaø xaây döïng, noâng daân
duøng)

tô
ô
ện
đi
o
tạ
ào
-Đ
ng
ườ
Tr
n
vă
Lê

374
V vacuum hose
Vv
V (a) V see V-ENGINE: Ñoäng cô chöõ
V capsule has a spring-loaded
(b) (short for) valve: Suù paùp
(c) (short for) volt: Ñôn vò ño hieäu
ñieän theá
(d) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (over 210
km/h or over 130 mph): Kyù töï
treân loáp xe chæ toác ñoä toái ña 210
km/h
V-4, V-6, V-8, V-10, V-12 = V-
FOUR, V-SIX, V-EIGHT, V-
TEN, V-TWELVE ENGINE:
Ñoäng cô V-4, V-6, V-8, V-10, V-
o
12
tạ
ào
vacuum n. in carburation terms,
-Đ
pressure below the atmospheric
pressure: Chaân khoâng, aùp thaáp
ng
ườ
vacuum advance (mechanism
Tr
or unit) n. vacuum control unit
n
for advancing the spark: Söï ñaùnh
vă
löûa sôùm chaân khoâng
Lê
(NOTE: opposite is vacuum
retard unit).
vacuum brake booster n.
device directly connected to the
master cylinder and mounted on
the engine side of the bulkhead,
which uses engine manifold
vacuum to produce additional
braking force: Boä trôï löïc phanh
chaân khoâng
(NOTE: also called master vac or
vacuum servo).
vacuum capsule or chamber n.
(ignition timing) pneumatic
actuator that converts air pressure
differences into a regulating short-
375
stroke movement; the circular, flat
diaphragm with a lever attached:
Buoàng (Duø) aùp thaáp trong delco
vacuum control n. load-
dependant mechanical ignition
timing, controlled by the inlet
manifold vacuum: Ñieàu khieån
thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng chaân
khoâng
vacuum control switch =
switch that monitors the vacuum
tô
signal enabling the ECU to
ô
recognize open or closed throttle
ện
đi
(idle) operation: Coâng taéc baùo
chaân khoâng (ñeå ECU bieát caùnh
böôùm ga ñoùng hay môû)
vacuum control unit =
assembly for load-dependent
ignition timing controlled by the
inlet manifold vacuum, consisting
of a vacuum capsule with a spring-
loaded diaphragm linked to the
breaker plate: Boä phaän ñieàu
khieån ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng
trong delco
vacuum filter n. filter which
removes electrical noise from the
vacuum signal sent from the
vacuum sensor to the ECU: Boä loïc
nhieãu tín hieäu töø caûm bieán chaân
khoâng (MAP)
vacuum gauge n. instrument for
measuring engine depression:
Duïng cuï ño aùp thaáp ñöôøng oáng
naïp
vacuum hose n. pipe which
connects the inlet manifold to the
vacuum brake booster: OÁng chaân
vacuum ignition-timing control
khoâng (noái töø oáng goùp huùt ñeán
baàu trôï löïc phanh)
vacuum ignition-timing
control n. = VACUUM
CONTROL: Ñieàu khieån thôøi
ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng chaân khoâng
vacuum modulated EGR n. exhaust
gas recirculation in which the
amount of exhaust gas admitted to
the inlet manifold depends on a
vacuum signal controlled by
throttle position: Heä thoáng tuaàn
hoaøn khí thaûi ñöôïc ñieàu chænh
baèng chaân khoâng
vacuum reducer valve (VRV) n.
valve used to limit the amount of
vacuum governing the ignition
advance mechanism of the
o
tạ
distributor; on some ignition
ào
systems, a VRV is used to reduce
-Đ
inlet manifold vacuum when the
ng
coolant temperature is above 104
o
ườ
C, in order to prevent detonation:
Tr
Van giaûm aùp thaáp (ñeå khoâng
n
taêng goùc ñaùnh löûa sôùm khi nhieät
vă
ñoä nöôùc > 104oC nhaèm choáng
Lê
kích noå)
vacuum retard (unit) n.
vacuum control unit for retarding
the spark: Boä ñieàu khieån ñaùnh
löûa treã baèng chaân khoâng
(NOTE: opposite is vacuum
advance unit )
vacuum sensor n. sensor which
detects changes in manifold
pressure; such changes indicate
the need for an adjustment in A/F
mixture and electronic spark
timing to maintain efficient engine
operation: Caûm bieán chaân khoâng
(Coøn goïi laø MAP sensor)
vacuum servo n. = VACUUM
376
valve adjusting screw
BRAKE BOOSTER: Boä trôï löïc
phanh (phanh) chaân khoâng
vacuum solenoid n. on some
engines, a vacuum solenoid
controlled by an electrical sensor
switch is used to control the EGR
valve: Soâleânoâit chaân khoâng
vacuum suction cup n. hand
tool for pulling out shallow body
dents and for lifting flat, heavy
objects such as wind-screens or
sheet metal: Duïng cuï huùt chaân
khoâng daïng hình cheùn ñeå naâng
kính hoaëc taám kim loaïi
vacuum timing control n. =
tô
VACUUM CONTROL
ô
ện
vacuum unit n. = VACUUM
đi CONTROL UNIT
valence n. = ALANCE: Hoùa trò (hoùa
hoïc)
valet parking n. the parking of one's
car by a parking attendant: söï ñoã
xe nhôø ngöôøi phuïc vuï trong baõi
ñoã xe
valet switch = on some alarm
systems, a switch to override the
alarm system for valet parking,
car washes, etc.: coâng taéc cho
pheùp heä thoáng baùo ñoäng ngöøng
taïm thôøi ñeå ñaäu xe, röûa xe…
valve n. (a) any device that starts,
stops, regulates or controls the
flow of a fluid, gas, etc: Van
(b) (in cylinder head) valve which
opens the respective ports during
the induction and exhaust strokes
and seals the compression
chamber during the compression
and expansion strokes: Suù paùp
(c) = TYRE VALVE: Van loáp xe
valve adjusting screw n. screw
at the end of a rocker which bears
valve aperture
on a pushrod; used to tilt the
rocker and thus adjust the valve
clearance: oác chænh suù paùp
valve aperture n. = VALVE
HOLE
valve block n. = CONTROL
VALVE ASSEMBLY: Cuïm van
trong heä thoáng thuyû löïc
valve body n. part of the valve
assembly containing plungers,
pistons, springs, etc.: Thaân van
valve body housing = housing
which incorporates the bores in
which the valve spools slide and
the canals which channel the oil
flow: Voû thaân van (maïch daàu
hoäp soá)
valve body separator plate =
o
tạ
plate sandwiched between two
ào
gaskets which separates the upper
-Đ
and lower parts of the valve body:
ng
taám ngaên thaân van
ườ
valve bounce n. bouncing of a
Tr
valve on its seat due to the valve
n
spring resonating at very high
vă
engine speeds: Söï naûy suù paùp ôû
Lê
toác ñoä ñoäng cô cao
valve bushing n. = VALVE
GUIDE: OÁng loùt (keàm) suù paùp
valve cap n. screw-on cap for a
tyre valve to prevent the entry of
dirt and dust: Naép chuïp van loáp
xe
valve clearance n. the
operating clearance between the
rocker arm and the valve stem tip
in an overhead valve engine: Khe
hôû nhieät cuûa suù paùp
valve clearance depression =
recess in the piston crown: Choã
loõm treân ñænh pittoâng
valve cover n. US = ROCKER
377
valve guide
COVER
valve crown n.= VALVE
HEAD: Ñaàu suù paùp
valve cut-out n. on some four-
valve engines at low speed the
main rocker arms open only two
valves per combustion chamber in
order to keep the energy of the
gases at high level; with
increasing rpm, the energy of the
gases becomes sufficiently strong
for the remaining two valves to be
opened via hydraulic locking
bolts: heä thoáng ngaét bôùt 2 suù paùp
ôû toác ñoä thaáp trong ñoäng cô coù 4
tô
suù paùp treân 1 xylanh
ô
ện
valve diameter n. inlet valves
đi can be distinguished by their
larger diameter: Ñöôøng kính ñaàu
suù paùp
valve float n. = VALVE
BOUNCE
valve gear n. mechanism that
operates the inlet and exhaust
valves; includes the cams,
pushrods, rocker arms, etc. but not
the valves themselves: Cô caáu
ñoùng môû suù paùp
valve grinder or valve grinding tool
n. special automotive tool
consisting of a wooden haft and
rubber suction cup(s) for hand
grinding valves: Duïng cuï maøi suù
paùp
valve grinding compound = an
abrasive compound used for
refacing valve seats: Boät nhaùm
maøi suù paùp vaø ñeá suù paùp (caùt
xoaùy)
valve guide n. replaceable tubular
sleeve through which the stem of
a valve passes; designed to keep
valve guide driver
the valve in proper alignment and
to absorb the lateral forces on the
valve stems as well as dissipating
the heat of the valve stem to the
surrounding cylinder head: OÁng
keàm suù paùp
valve guide driver = tool for
installing valve guides: Duïng cuï
laép oáng keàm suù paùp
valve guide reamer = tool used
to ream worn valve stems: Dao
xoaùy oáng keàm suù paùp
valve guide remover = drift
punch for driving out valve
guides: Duïng cuï thaùo oáng keàm
suù paùp
valve guide seal = VALVE
STEM SEAL: Phoát suù paùp
o
tạ
valve head n. the disc at the end of the
ào
valve stem which performs the
-Đ
sealing operation in a poppet
ng
valve: Ñaàu suù paùp
ườ
valve hole n. the hole in the rim of a
Tr
wheel for mounting tubeless tyres:
n
Loã van treân vaønh baùnh xe
vă
valve keeper n. fastener for the valve
Lê
stem in the upper valve retainer,
e. g. a collet: Ñai oác giöõ suù paùp
(moùng ngöïa)
valve lapper n. special
automotive tool for grinding
(lapping) valves into valve seats;
some types are power-operated,
thus allowing faster grinding
compared with standard suction-
type valve grinding tools: Duïng
cuï ñeå quay suù paùp khi xoaùy
valve lapping compound =
VALVE GRINDING COMPOUND
valve lash n. = VALVE
CLEARANCE
valve lift n. the distance a
378
valve seat cutter
valve is lifted from its seat by a
cam, usually about a quarter of the
diameter of the port: Khoaûng
ñoäi suù paùp
valve lifter n. (a) any tool that
compresses valve springs for
removal and replacement: Duïng
cuï neùn loø xo suù paùp
(b) US = TAPPET: Con ñoäi suù
paùp
valve over lap n. short period
between the opening of the inlet
valve and the closing of the
exhaust valve, when both valves
are open: goùc truøng ñieäp (caû hai
tô
suù paùp naïp vaø thoaùt trong xy
ô
ện
lanh cuøng môû)
đi
valve plate n. = VALVE BODY
SEPARATOR PLATE:
valve port n. the inlet or
exhaust port of a four-stroke spark
ignition engine: Cöûa huùt hoaëc
cöûa thoaùt treân naép maùy
valve principle n. the original
method of ABS control using an
electrically operated valve to
control the air pressure: phöông
phaùp ñieàu khieån phanh ABS
duøng ñieän – khí neùn
valve rotator n. = ROTOR
CAP
valve seat n. that part of a valve, or
the part of the cylinder head
against which it seats, which
contacts the matching part: Ñeá, beä
suù paùp
valve seat cutter = special
automotive tool with cutting
blades for use with power tools;
used to cut worn valve seats with
30° or 45° angles: Duïng cuï caét beä
suù paùp
valve seat face
valve seat face = annular part
of a valve head located at the
valve seat of the cylinder head:
Maët beä suù paùp
valve seat insert or ring =
ringshaped insert of a harder
metal than that of the cylinder
head; the use of valve seat inserts
dispenses with the need for lead
in the fuel to act as a lubricant
between the valve head and seat:
Voøng gheùp (duøng kim loaïi cöùng
hôn) cuûa ñeá suù paùp
valve shim n. calibrated shim used to
adjust valve clearance on OHV
engines with bucket tappet
assembly; for adjustment, a
calibrated valve shim is placed or
o
tạ
removed from between tappet and
ào
cam: Mieáng cheâm ñeå chænh suù
-Đ
paùp
ng
valve shim pliers = special
ườ
automotive tool for removal and
Tr
installation of valve shims: Caùi
n
kìm laép mieáng cheâm suù paùp
vă
valve slot n. tube-type tyres
Lê
require a valve slot instead of a
valve hole to allow the tyre valve
to be removed from the rim; a
thread adaptor is moulded to a
circular rubber patch vulcanized to
the inner tube; the valve stem
casing is then screwed into the
tube adaptor: Raõnh van loáp xe
valve spool n. (in automatic
transmission) sliding cylindrical
internal part of a valve with one or
more sections of reduced
diameter: ñaàu van daãn höôùng
daàu
valve spring n. a coil spring
used to close the valves and to
379
valve stem seal
keep the exhaust valve closed
during the induction stroke, thus
acting against the vacuum created
in the cylinder: Loø xo suù paùp
valve spring cap or collar =
retaining cap (of inlet /outlet
valves) which secures the valve
keeper on the valve stem: mieáng
giöõ loø xo suù paùp
valve spring compressor =
special automotive tool used to
compress valve springs for
removal and replacement; the
most common type is a C-shaped
clamp: Duïng cuï eùp loø xo suù paùp
tô
valve spring depressor =
ô
ện
lever-type tool used to depress
đi
valve springs, e. g. for removal
and installation of valve stem
seals: Duïng cuï nhaû loø xo suù paùp
valve spring lifter = pliers-type
tool with two expanding jaws,
used to lift and compress valve
springs for removal and
replacement: Kìm thaùo laép loø xo
suù paùp
valve spring retainer =
VALVE SPRING CAP
valve spring seat = seat
retaining the bottom of the valve
spring: Beä loø xo suù paùp
(opposite to the valve spring cap)
valve stem n. narrow
cylindrical rod which supports the
valve head and moves up and
down in the valve guide: Thaân suù
paùp
valve stem seal = oil seal
between the valve and the
cylinder head which prevents
excessive oil leakage from the top
of the cylinder head into the
valve stem seal installer
combustion chamber: Phoát suù paùp
valve stem seal installer =
sleeve-type tool used to push
down valve stem seals for
installation: duïng cuï laép phoát suù
paùp
valve stem seal pliers = special
pliers for removing valve stem
seals on overhead camshaft
engines: kìm laép phoát suù paùp
valve timing n. the valve timing
of four-stroke engines state at
what crankshaft position with
respect to the dead centres of the
pistons the inlet and exhaust
valves open and close: Söï caân
cam
valve train n. the entire
o
tạ
mechanism from camshaft to
ào
valve that is involved with the
-Đ
operation of a valve; the valve
ng
and its valve gear: Toaøn boä cô
ườ
caáu ñieàu khieån ñoùng môû caùc suù
Tr
paùp
n
van n. (a) a covered road vehicle for
vă
carrying goods (b) a recreational
Lê
vehicle based on the body of a
commercial van, usually with
comfortable, plush interior trim,
often with a bed: Xe taûi (chuyeân
chôû haønh lyù hoaëc ngöôøi)
vane n. a blade or plate on a wheel
or hub, especially the stator blade
in a turbine: Caùnh ñaët treân baùnh
hoaëc truïc
vane-in-rotor pump n. =
SLIDING-VANE PUMP
vane-in-stator pump =
EXTERNAL VANE PUMP
vane pump n. type of rotary
pump with either a slotted rotor
and sliding vanes or a rotor with
380
vapour deposition
hinged vanes; typically used for
air pumps in secondary air
injection systems, as a compressor
in air conditioning systems, and in
some transmission systems: Bôm
caùnh quaït
vane switch n. = HALL
VANE SWITCH
vane wheel impeller n.
impeller with straight radial
vanes: Baùnh coâng taùc coù caùnh
thaúng
vanity mirror n. mirror on the inside
of a sun visor: Göông trang ñieåm
ôû maët trong taám che naéng
tô
vanity plate n. = PERSON-
ô
ện
AL(IZED) NUMBERPLATE
đi
vaporize v. to turn into vapour: Laøm
cho boác hôi
vapour n. the gaseous form of a
liquid (usually caused by heating):
Hôi (do nung noùng chaát loûng)
vapour canister = ACTIVAT-
ED CARBON CANISTER: Baàu
huùt hôi xaêng baèng than hoaït tính
vapour degreasing = type of
cleaning procedure to remove
grease, oil, and loosely attached
solids from metals; a solvent such
as trichloroethylene is boiled, and
its vapours are condensed on the
metal surfaces: Taåy dô baån baèng
chaát deã bay hôi
vapour deposition = production
of a surface film of metal on a
heated surface, usually in a
vacuum, either by decomposition
of the vapour of a compound at
the work surface, or by
directreaction between the work
surface and the vapour: Maï chaân
khoâng
vapour lock
vapour lock = blockage in a
pipe caused by a bubble of gas,
especially that in an overheated
fuel line leading to the
carburettor: Ngheõn oáng vì boït hôi
variable belt transmission n.
continuously variable transmission
using rubber V-belts on
expanding-contracting pulleys,
depending on engine speed and
load; originally developed by va
Doorne for DAF and then used on
the Volvo 340: Hoäp soá töï ñoäng
voâ caáp theo toác ñoä vaø taûi ñoäng
cô baèng caùch thay ñoåi ñöôøng
kính puli ñai daãn ñoäng
variable-choke carburettor
n.= VARIABLE-VENTURI CAR-
o
tạ
BURETTOR: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù
ào
hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi
-Đ
variable dwell n. = DWELL-
ng
ANGLE CONTROL: Kieåm soaùt
ườ
goùc ngaäm
Tr
variable limited-slip axle/
n
centre differential n. limited-
vă
slip axle/ centre differential with
Lê
an electronically operated
multiple-disc clutch as a slip-
inhibiting device: Boä vi sai trung
taâm ly hôïp ña ñóa ñieàu khieån
baèng ñieän töû
variable rate springs n.
springs which become stiffer
under compression; variable rate
gas springs are a feature of air
suspension systems: Loø xo khí coù
ñoä cöùng thay ñoåi (heä thoáng treo)
variable ratio steering n.
steering ratio characteristics in
power steering systems providing
different ratios for small and large
steering angles: Heä thoáng laùi coù
381
V-belt drive
tyû soá truyeàn thay ñoåi
variable valve timing n.
advancing and retarding valve
timing to increase efficiency by
precisely controlling the amount
of valve overlap: Thay ñoåi goùc
phaân phoái khí ñeå taêng hieäu suaát
ñoäng cô
variable-venturi carburettor
or VV carburettor n. the
characteristic feature of this
carburettor is the vacuum-
operated piston which adjusts the
cross-sectional area of the venturi
and moves a jet needle in and out
tô
of a needle jet; typical designs are
ô
ện
the SU and Stromberg
đi carburettors: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù
hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi
Variomatic transmission n. =
VARIABLE BELT TRANS-
MISSION: Hoäp soá voâ caáp qua ñai
truyeàn ñoäng
varnish n. (a) a hard, glossy
transparent coating: Veùc-ni
(b) a product of oil oxidation
which is deposited on pistons and
piston rings at high temperatures:
Lôùp nhôùt chaùy baùm treân piston
vaø seùc maêng
V-belt n. drive belt with a V-shaped
cross section, for transmission of
low to moderate forces; typically
used to drive generators, water
pumps, air pumps, air conditioner
compressor units and power
steering pumps: Daây ñai chöõ V
V-belt drive = type of friction
drive in which forces are
transmitted from belt to pulley or
vice versa by friction: Truyeàn
ñoäng qua ñai daïng chöõ
VVBRA
VVBRA = VEHICLE BUILDERS
AND REPAIRERS ASSOCIA-
TION: Hoäi nhöõng ngöôøi cheá taïo
vaø söûa chöõa xe
VC = VISCOUS COUPLING
VECI = VEHICLE EMISSION
CONTROL INFORMATION
Vee-belt n. = V-BELT: Daây ñai
daïng chöõ V
Vee-eight = V-EIGHT: Ñoäng
cô V-8
Vee-engine = V-ENGINE:
Ñoäng cô daïng chöõ V
Vee-four = V-FOUR: Ñoäng cô
V-4
Vee-six = V-SIX: Ñoäng cô V-6
Vee-ten = V-TEN: Ñoäng cô V-
10
o
tạ
Vee-thread = V-THREAD:
ào
Ren tam giaùc
-Đ
Vee-twelve = V-TWELVE:
ng
Ñoäng cô V-12
ườ
vehicle n. any form of transportation
Tr
but especially one with wheels:
n
vă
Xe coä
Lê
Vehicle Builders and
Repairers association (VBRA) n.
British trade association: Hoäi
nhöõng ngöôøi cheá taïo vaø söûa
chöõa xe
Vehicle Emission Control
Information (VECI) n. a label in
the engine compartment, e. g.
pasted to the radiator fan cover,
providing information about the
engine and emission controls:
Nhaõn chöùng nhaän ñaõ kieåm tra
khí thaûi xe
vehicle identification number (VIN)
n. chassis type and identification
number punched on a permanent
structure, such as the engine
382
ventilation
compartment bulkhead: Soá khung
vehicle registration document n.
document which specifies the
registered keeper(s) of a vehicle:
Theû ñaêng boä xe
vehicle tax n. = ROAD TAX:
Thueá caàu ñöôøng
V-eight engine (V-8) n. an engine
with eight cylinders in the from of
a V; the type of engine typically
used on US automobiles of the
1950s and '60s was a large
displacement V-8: Ñoäng cô 8 xi
lanh chöõ V
V-engine n. engine in which two
tô
banks of cylinders are set at an
ô
ện
angle to each other (usually 60° or
đi 90° ) so that the axes form the
letter V with the crankshaft in the
middle: Ñoäng cô chöõ V
vent 1 n. (a) small opening for the
passage of air or gas: Loã thoâng
(b) US small triangular window
for letting air into the passenger
compartment: Cöûa soå thoâng khí
(nhoû hình tam giaùc)
2 v. to expel through a vent; e.g
when bleeding air (through a vent
valve or bleed screw) out of a
diesel fuel system after running
out of fuel: Xaû gioù
ventilate v. to provide with (fresh)
air: Laøm cho thoâng hôi, thoâng
gioù
ventilated discs = two discs in a
disc brake system separated by
ribs and channels to allow cooling
air to disperse the heat between
the discs: Ñóa laøm maùt phanh
ventilation n. provision of a
free or controlled circulation of
air: Söï thoâng gioù
vent(ilation) slot
vent(ilation) slot = gaps in the
wheel disc which allow the
passage of air to assist brake
cooling: Raõnh thoâng gioù laøm maùt
phanh
ventiport n. = PORT HOLE
vent port n.
COMPENSATING PORT
venturi (tube) n. a short tube with a
constricted passage that increases
the velocity and lowers the
pressure of a fluid conveyed
through it: OÁng khueách taùn
venturi vacuum = vacuum in
the venturi of a carburettor which
increases with the speed of the
airflow passing through it; an
exception are VV carburettors:
Chaân khoâng trong oáng khueách
taùn
-Đ
vernier (caliper or gauge) n. a short
ng
graduated scale that slides along a
ườ
longer graduated instrument and is
Tr
used to indicate fractional parts of
n
divisions, as in a micrometer:
vă
Vecneâ (thöôùc chia thang phuï
Lê
keøm vôùi thang chính), thöôùc keïp
veteran car n. a car constructed
before 1919, especially one made
before 1905: Xe hôi cheá taïo
tröôùc naêm 1919
(NOTE: only the latter are permitted
to take part in the London-Brighton
Commemoration Run)
V-four engine (V-4) n. an engine with
four cylinders in the form of a V:
Ñoäng cô 4 xy lanh daïng chöõ V
VGC (in advertisements, short for)
very good condition: Tình traïng
raát toát (xe)
VI = VISCOSITY INDEX: Chæ soá ñoä
nhôùt
viscoelastic materials
vibration damper n. = TORSIONAL
VIBRATION DAMPER: Boä giaûm
dao ñoäng xoaén
Vicat softening temperature n. the
temperature at which a flat-ended
needle of 1mm² circular cross
= section will penetrate a
thermoplastic specimen to a depth
of 1mm under a specified load,
using a selected uniform rate of
temperature rise: Nhieät ñoä hoùa
meàm Vicat
Vicat test method =
determination of the softening
temperature of plastics: Phöông
tô
phaùp xaùc ñònh nhieät ñoä hoaù meàm
ô
ện
Vicat
đi
vice or US vise n. clamping device
o
tạ
with adjustable jaws (usually
ào
mounted on a workbench) used to
grip an object to be worked on:
Moû caëp, eâtoâ.
vice grips = LOCKING
CLAMPS
VIN = VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER
vintage car n. a car constructed in the
period 1919 - 1930: Xe coå ñieån
(1919 - 1930)
virgin resin n. new resin material
which has not been recycled
before; needed for high-quality
parts: Nhöïa nguyeân chaát (khoâng
phaûi taùi sinh)
(NOTE: opposite is regrind)
visco-control unit n. = VISCOUS
COUPLING
visco-differential n.=
VISCOUS COUPLING
DIFFERENTIAL
viscoelastic materials n. the most
characteristic features of
383
viscosity
viscoelastic materials are that
they exhibit a time-dependent
strain response to a constant stress
(creep) and a time-dependent
stress response to a constant strain
(relaxation). In addition, when the
applied stress is removed the
materials have the ability to
recover slowly over a period of
time: Vaät lieäu deûo, ñaøn hoài
viscosity n. resistance to flow: Tính
nhôùt, ñoä nhôùt
viscosity index (VI) n. measure of
how the viscosity of a liquid
(especially oil) changes with
temperature: the higher the VI,
the smaller the change of viscosity
with temperature: Chæ soá ñoä nhôùt
o
tạ
viscosity index improver = oil
ào
additive which reduces thinning at
-Đ
high temperature, thus improving
the VI: Chaát phuï gia theâm vaøo
ng
ườ
ñeå caûi thieän chæ soá ñoä nhôùt.
Tr
viscous a. thick and sticky:
n
Seàn seät
vă
viscous coupling (VC) = a type
Lê
of multi-disc clutch used in some
4wd vehicles; the discs rotate in a
special fluid whose viscosity
increases sharply whenever there
is a difference in input and output
shaft speeds; installed in the drive
train between front and rear axles,
the VC smoothly engages rear-
wheel traction whenever the front
wheels (and, as a result, the
propeller shaft to the VC) rotate
faster than rear wheels: Khôùp noái
nhôùt
viscous coupling differential =
limited-slip differential using
viscous couplings as slip-inhibiting
384
voltage tester
devices: Boä vi sai coù khôùp noái
nhôùt
viscous transmission (vt) =
four-wheel drive with a viscous
centre differential: Truyeàn ñoäng
qua khôùp nhôùt
vise n. US = VICE
visor n. = SUN VISOR
voice alert (system) n. system in a
car which announces warning
messages to the driver, e. g.
'Warning! Oil pressure too low':
Heä thoáng baùo baèng gioïng noùi
voice recognition n. the ability
of a computer to recognize a
tô
ô
command spoken by the user;
ện
enables a driver to use a car
đi phone without using his hands: Söï
nhaän daïng gioïng noùi
volatility n. (e. g. of fuels) the ability
readily to change into a vapour:
Tính deã bay hôi
Volkswagen (VW) n. German car
manufacturer: Haõng saûn xuaát xe
cuûa Ñöùc
voltage n. electromotive force, or
difference in electrical potential,
expressed in volts: Hieäu ñieän theá
voltage regulator = electric or
electronic device which regulates
the voltage output from a dynamo
or alternator which is affected by
engine speed, the power required
by the circuits and the state of the
battery: Boä ñieàu chænh ñieän theá
(boä tieát cheá)
voltage reserve = HIGH
VOLTAGE RESERVE
voltage tester = screwdriver
for testing electrical current, with
an insulated blade and handle; a
bulb inside the handle lights up if
voltage transformer
the blade touches a live terminal:
Tuoác nô vít thöû ñieän
voltage transformer =
assembly for increasing the
voltage supplied to the air bag
system to 12 volts in case of a
drop in battery voltage: Maùy bieán
theá (söû duïng ñeå cung caáp 12V
cho heä thoáng ñieàu khieån goái hôi
trong tröôøng hôïp hoûng aéc quy
voltammeter n. dual-purpose
instrument for measuring either
voltage or amperage: Ñoàng hoà ño
ñieän aùp vaø cöôøng ñoä doøng ñieän
voltmeter n. instrument for
measuring voltage: Voân keá
volume n. cubic capacity: Theå tích
volume car n. mass-produced
car: xe saûn xuaát ñaïi traø
volume control screw
-Đ
adjusting screw which controls the
ng
amount of air/ fuel mixture
ườ
supplied by the idling circuit of a
Tr
fixed-jet carburettor: Vít chænh ga
n
volumetric efficiency n. (a) the ratio
vă
of air or air /fuel mixture drawn
Lê
into the cylinder of an internal
combustion of the piston: Hieäu
suaát naïp
(b) number of horsepower (hp) per
cubic inch displacement: Coâng
suaát rieâng
volute a. having the form of a spiral:
Xoaén oác
volute casing = a progressively
expanding pump casing
proportioned to reduce the liquid
velocity gradually so that some of
the velocity energy of the liquid is
converted into static pressure: Voû
bôm hình xoaén oác
V-pulley n. pulley with a pair of
VV carburettor
adjustable cup-shaped discs, used
on belt transmissions, to permit
adjustment of the effective pulley
diameter and transmission ratio:
Puli chöõ V
VR engine n. new engine design: a
combination of in-line and V-
engine, the V-angle being reduced
(VR) to about 15°; this results in a
block which is shorter than a four-
cylinder unit of similar capacity.
Unlike conventional V-8 engines,
the VR engine is topped by a
single cylinder head: Ñoäng cô
môùi hình chöõ VR
tô
VRV = VACUUM REDUCER
ô
ện
VALVE
đi
V-six engine (V-6) n. an engine with
o
tạ
six cylinders in the form of a V:
ào
n. Ñoäng cô 6 xy lanh daïng chöõ V
VT = VISCOUS TRANSMISSION:
truyeàn ñoäng qua khôùp nhôùt
V-ten engine (V-10) n. an engine
with ten cylinders in the form of a
V: Ñoäng cô 10 xy lanh daïng chöõ
V
V-thread n. triangular screw thread:
Ren tam giaùc
V-twelve engine (V-12) n. an engine
with twelve cylinders in the form
of a V: Ñoäng cô 12 xy lanh daïng
chöõ V
vulcanization n. chemical reaction
which charges the physical
properties of elastomers: Söï löu
hoùa (cao su)
vulcanize v. (of tyre production)
to treat rubber with sulphur or
sulphur compounds under heat and
pressure to improve elasticity and
strength: Löu hoùa
VV carburettor n. = VARIABLE
385
VV carburettor VW

VENTURI CARBURETTOR: Boä VW = VOLKSWAGEN: Haõng saûn

cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách taùn xuaát oâ toâ cuûa Ñöùc
thay ñoåi

tô
ô
ện
đi
o
tạ
ào
-Đ
ng
ườ
Tr
n
vă
Lê

386
wad punch
Ww
wad punch n. tool with round cutting
edge for cutting out holes in
gaskets or other soft materials:
Duïng cuï daäp daáu troøn, caùi ñoät loã
roong
wagon n. = STATION WAGON
wander n. tendency of a vehicle to
stray from its steered course; a
fault caused by incorrect tyre
pressure, worn steering linkage,
etc.: Chao, ñaûo (baùnh xe)
Wankel engine n. a rotary engine
which uses no pistons; instead,
triangular rotors revolve in
specially shaped housings: Ñoäng
o
cô Wankel
tạ
(NOTE: named after the German
ào
-Đ
engineer, Felix Wankel 1902 – 88,
Felix Wankel [1902 ~1988])
ng
warding file n.= KEY FILE: Caùi giuõa
ườ
khe raêng chìa khoùa
Tr
warm up v. to run an engine until it
n
vă
reaches normal operating
Lê
temperature: Laøm noùng ñoäng cô
khi ñoäng cô coøn nguoäi hoaëc trôøi
laïnh (K-jetronic)
warm-up control until = until
that produces the richer mixture
needed for cold running and
modulates fuel system pressure
according to engine temperature;
the until includes an electrically
heated thermostatic spring, which
reduces the force on a spring-
loaded control diaphragm: Tröôùc
khi ñieàu khieån haâm noùng ñoäng cô
warm-up enrichment = educed
enrichment of the air / fuel mixture
following cranking and after-start
387
washer fluid
enrichment: Söï laøm giaøu hoøa khí
cuûa giai ñoaïn haâm noùng ñoäng cô
warning lamp or light n. small lamps
on the instrument panel that light
up if there is a problem: Ñeøn baùo
hö hoûng, baùo loãi (code)
warning triangle n. triangular red
safety reflector that must be
carried on all vehicles and be
placed at the side of the road to
warn of an obstruction ahead, such
as a broken-down vehicle: Bieån
tô
tam giaùc baùo nguy hieåm
ô
ện
warp 1 n. bending or twisting out of
đi shape: Traïng thaùi cong, veânh
2 v. to bend or twist out of shape:
Laøm cong, veânh
warranty n. formal written
declaration of good quality by the
manufacturer of an article,
including an agreement to repair
or replace it if it is found to be
defective within a certain period of
time: Phieáu baûo haønh
washcoat n. oxide layer on the
catalyst substrate which increases
with the active surface area: Lôùp
oxide treân chaát xuùc taùc
washer n. flat disc or ring of metal,
rubber, leather, etc., fitted under a
nut to even out pressure and
prevent damage to the part on
which it bears, or to lock the nut in
place, or used for spacing or as a
seal: Long ñeàn, voøng loùt, voøng
ñeäm
washer fluid n. fluid added to
thewater in the windscreen washer
and rear screen washer reservoirs /
wash / wipe switch
bottles to improve the cleaning
action and lower the freezing
point: Chaát loûng röûa kính xe hôi
wash / wipe switch n. switch on
the instrument panel that operates
the rear screen wash/ wipe system:
Coâng taéc heä thoáng gaït/röûa kính
sau
(NOTE: the windscreen washer
system, which includes
intermittent wipe, is usually
located on the windscreen wiper
control stalk)
waste gate n. a valve located on the
exhaust side of the engine, with
three connections: to the engine
exhaust manifold, turbine, and
silencer; most waste gates have a
control line to the inlet manifold:
Cöûa xaû trong heä thoáng taêng aùp
-Đ
waste spark method n.
ng
distributorless ignition systems,
ườ
dual-spark coils fire two sparking
Tr
plugs at the same time; one of
n
these sparks is in a cylinder during
vă
its exhaust stroke, where the spark
Lê
has no effect (waste spark); the
other spark occurs in the cylinder
near the end of the compression
stroke: Tia löûa ôû kyø thaûi trong
ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp duøng boâbin
ñoâi
water- cooled a. (engine) cooled by
the passage of water: Ñöôïc laøm
nguoäi baèng nöôùc (ñoäng cô)
(NOTE: opposite is air – cooled)
water cooling system n. the
normal cooling system used on
most cars and lorries to keep the
temperature of the engine down to
a desirable level; engine heat is
removed via water acting as a
Watt linkage
coolant which surrounds the
cylinders in a water passages,
coolant pump, thermostat, hoses,
and radiator: Heä thoáng laøm maùt
baèng nöôùc
water injection (system) n. system
that prevents detonation in high-
compression engines by injecting
metered amounts of water into the
an inlet manifold where it mixes with
the air/ fuel charge entering the
engine; there the water spray turns
to steam, cooling combustion and
cleaning out old carbon deposits:
Heä thoáng phun nöôùc vaøo ñöôøng
tô
oáng naïp ñeå choáng kích noå trong
ô
ện
caùc ñoäng cô coù tyû soá neùn cao
đi
water jacket n.the channels between
o
tạ
the inner and outer shells of the
ào
cylinder block or head, through
in which coolant circulates to prevent
overheating of the engine: AÙo
nöôùc (aùo loùt bao quanh caùc xy
lanh vaø naép ñoäng cô ñeå daãn nöôùc
laøm maùt)
water pump n. in the cooling
system, the mechanism that
circulates the coolant between the
water jacket and the radiator;
usually a centrifugal pump, located
preferably in the cold leg of the
circuit (to reduce the risk of
cavitation): Bôm nöôùc
water temperature gauge n.
gauge on the instrument panel
which indicates coolant
temperature: Ñoàng hoà baùo nhieät
ñoä nöôùc laøm maùt
Watt linkage n. a means of reducing
or eliminating lateral movement of
a beam axle relative to the vehicle
body, consisting of an upright
388
waveband
member at the centre of the axle
whose top and bottom are
connected by rods to the sides of
the body Watt: Thanh noái Watt
ñeå giaûm löïc tröôït ngang
waveband n. series of wavelengths
forming a group: Baêng taàn (radio)
wax 1 n. a substance resembling
beeswax in appearance and
character, and in general
distinguished by its composition
ofesters and higher alcohols, and
by its freedom from fatty acids;
used for underbody sealing, cavity
sealing, and paintwork care: Chaát
saùp
2 v. to treat with wax: Laøm boùng
baèng saùp
o
tạ
waxing n. the formation of wax
ào
crystals in diesel fuel in freezing
-Đ
conditions, thus clogging the fuel
ng
filter and stopping the engine;
ườ
avoided by the use of a fuel heater
Tr
or fuel additives: Söï hình thaønh
n
tinh theå daïng saùp trong daàu
vă
diesel ôû ñieàu kieän baêng giaù
Lê
wax injection or lancing n. the
injection of corrosion-inhibiting
wax into car body cavities: Söï
phun saùp choáng aên moøn
wax-type thermostat n.
thermostat in which the expansion
of melting paraffin wax (in a rigid
cylinder) deforms a moulded
rubber membrane and displaces a
piston / pin from the cylinder; this
has the advantage of being
insensitive to sudden temperature
fluctuations or to the pressure in
the system: Boä ñieàu chænh nhieät
(van haèng nhieät) loaïi saùp
WD-40 n. proprietary water-re
389
weatherstrip
pellent spray: Loaïi bình daàu
thaám
weak a. (of A/ F mixture) = LEAN:
Ngheøo (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí)
wear n. the progressive loss of
substance from the operating
surface of a body occurring as a
result of relative motion at the
surface; rubbing away: Ñoä moøn
wear pattern = pattern of wear
visible at the point where two parts
touch: Veát moøn
wear resistance = ability to
withstand conditions which cause a
progressive loss of substance:
tô
ô
Tính choáng moøn
ện
wear ring = (pump) ring used to
đi prevent costly wear of the casing
and impeller at the running joint;
(fitted on both the casing and the
impeller): Voøng chòu moøn trong
bôm
weathering n. physical disintegration
and chemical decomposition of
materials on exposure to
atmospheric agents: Söï thoaùi hoùa
vaät lieäu do moâi tröôøng
weather resistant a. able to
withstand natural climatic
conditions which cause surface
deterioration: Coù söùc chòu ñöïng
vôùi thôøi tieát
weatherstrip n. a rubber seal
fitted to the body, e.g. along a door
aperture or bootlid, to prevent
water, air and moisture from
getting into the interior of the
body: Vieàn cao su boïc quanh cöûa
hay kính chaén gioù ñeå nöôùc möa
khoûi loït vaøo xe
web n. (a) internal reinforcement
between panels: Ñieåm gia coá beân
webbing
trong giöõa caùc taám
(b) = CRANK WEB: maù truïc
khuyûu
webbing n. woven nylon strap
used for seal belts: Vaûi laøm ñai an
toaøn
webbing grabber = device in an
inertia reel seat belt that grips the
belt webbing tightly in the event of
sudden braking or impact: Cô caáu
ruùt daây ñai an toaøn
wedge combustion chamber n.
wedge-shaped chamber with the
valve in the longer sloping surface
and the sparking plug in the
shorter; the tapered part of the
wedge forms a squish zone:
Buoàng chaùy daïng hình neâm
o
tạ
wedge end n. the flat peen of a
ào
peen and finish hammer, shaped
-Đ
like a wedge: Ñaàu muõi buùa hình
ng
neâm
ườ
wedge expander n. part of a
Tr
mechanical drum brake system
n
which forces the shoes apart into
vă
contact with the drum: Cô caáu ñaåy
Lê
boá phanh
weighbridge n. device for measuring
the weight of vehicles (especially
lorries), consisting of a metal plate
set into the road surface: Caàu caân
xe
weight n. (a) (see DRY WEIGHT,
GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT,
KERB WEIGHT): Troïng löôïng
(b) = BALANCE WEIGHT: Troïng
löôïng caân baèng (mieáng chì gaén
vaøo nieàng)
(c) = ADVANCE WEIGHT: Quaû
vaêng (sôùm ly taâm)
weight per unit area n.
indicates the thickness of metallic
390
weld-through primer
paint coatings in grams per square
metre of surface area: Troïng
löôïng sôn treân moät ñôn vò dieän
tích
weight transfer n. the transfer
of load from one end or side of the
vehicle to the other when
accelerating, braking or cornering:
Chuyeån dòch troïng taâm (khi taêng
toác, phanh hoaëc quay voøng)
Weissach axle n. special double
wishbone rear suspension
developed by Porsche for the 928s
to minimize the problems of over-
steering: Truïc xe loaïi Weissach
tô
welch plug n. disc-shaped metal plug
ô
ện
used to seal holes: Nuùt cheâm
đi daïng ñóa baèng kim loaïi
welding n. joining pieces of metal or
plastic together by heating them to
suitable temperatures, with or
without the application of filler
material: Söï haøn, kyõ thuaät haøn
welding clamp = locking clamp
with U-shaped jaws (which allow
more visibility and working space),
used to hold panels, bars, tubes,
etc. for welding: Caùi baøn keïp ñeå
haøn
welding jig = a special type of
frame gauge used to establish the
correct position of structural parts
on the body prior to welding them
in: Ñoà gaù laép ñeå haøn khung xe
welding rod = (gas/arc welding)
welding electrode supplied in
individual lengths: Que haøn
welding wire = (MIG welding)
welding electrode fed into the
handset from a reel: Que haøn
(MIG)
weld-through primer n. special paint
well-base rim
used along spot welds or seams; it
does not burn off during welding
and thus offers good protection on
the back of welded panels that
would normally be inaccessible
once welding is completed: Chaát
duøng ñeå sôn loùt suoát moái haøn
well-base rim n. wheel rim with a
central channel or recess into
which one side of the tyre bead
can drop; the other side can then
be forced over the rim for fitting or
removal: Vaønh baùnh xe nguyeân
khoái
well-base wheel = ONE-PIECE
WHEEL: Baùnh xe nguyeân khoái
W-engine n. a rare engine design,
basically similar to a V-engine, but
o
tạ
using three instead of two cylinder
rows: Ñoäng cô daïng chöõ W
ào
-Đ
wet clutch n. friction clutch that uses
ng
an oil bath to dissipate heat: Boä ly
ườ
hôïp öôùt (chaïy trong daàu ñeå daãn
Tr
nhieät)
n
wet galvanizing n. galvanizing
vă
method in which the flux is
Lê
deposited in molten from on the
zinc bath, and the metal to be
galvanized is introduced into the
bath by passing it through this
layer of flux: Söï maï keõm öôùt
(NOTE: opposite is dry
galvanizing)
wet grip n. road holding ability
of a tyre on a wet surface: Khaû
naêng baùm cuûa baùnh xe treân maët
ñöôøng öôùt
wet liner n. cylinder liner that is
in direct contact with the coolant:
OÁng loùt (sô mi) xi lanh öôùt
(NOTE: opposite is dry liner)
wet motor n. pump whose
391
wheel balance
motor compartment is filled with
liquid; submersible pumps are
generally classified as wet motor
types: Bôm coù chaát loûng ñi qua
phaàn ñoäng cô (bôm öôùt)
wet sleeve n. = WET LINER:
OÁng loùt xy lanh öôùt
wet sump lubrication n. the
usual engine lubrication system in
which the oil is carried in a sump
below the crankshaft; such a
system relies on gravity draining
the circulated oil and needs no
return pump: Heä thoáng boâi trôn
coù ngaên chöùa daàu ôû phía döôùi
tô
wheel n.(a) a rotating, load-carrying
ô
ện
member between the tyre and axle
đi consisting of a rim and a wheel
disc or spider; a wheel must be
designed to support the tyre while
withstanding loads from accelera-
tion, braking and cornering; as part
of the unsprung mass of a car, it
must be light: Baùnh xe
(b) (informal) = STEERING
WHEEL: Baùnh laùi, voâ laêng
wheel adapter n. spacer ring
that adapts hubs to wheels with a
different number of lugs, e. g. 4-
lug hubs to 5-lug wheels: Voøng
chuyeån tieáp ñeå noái baùnh xe khaùc
soá loã
wheel alignment gauge n.
gauge used to measure the
distance between the rims of the
front wheels: Duïng cuï caân chænh
baùnh xe
wheel balance or wheel
balancing machine n. a machine
capable of locating static and
dynamic wheel imbalance and
determining the mass of the
wheelbase
balancing weights required: Caân
baèng baùnh xe hoaëc maùy caân baèng
baùnh xe
wheelbase n. distance between
the centerlines of the front and
rear wheels; for lorries with
tandem rear axles, the rear
centreline is considered to be
midway between the two rear
axles: Khoaûng caùch giöõa hai caàu
xe (tröôùc vaø sau)
wheel bearings n. the bearings
in wheel hubs: ball bearings for
drive shafts and taper roller
bearings for driven hubs: OÅ laên
(baïc ñaïn) baùnh xe
wheel bolt n. bolts which are
o
tạ
screwed into threaded holes in the
ào
wheel hub or at the axle flange;
-Đ
common on passenger car wheels
ng
and one-piece commercial vehicle
ườ
wheels: Bu loâng baùnh xe
Tr
wheel brace n. a cranked socket
n
spanner for wheel nuts: Caùi tuyùp
vă
vaën oác baùnh xe
Lê
wheel camber n. = CAMBER:
Goùc nghieâng baùnh xe ra ngoaøi
hay vaøo trong khi nhìn töø ñaàu xe
wheel changing n. changing a
defective wheel: Thay baùnh xe
wheel chock n. wedge-shaped block
put under a wheel to prevent a
vehicle from rolling: Vaät cheâm
baùnh xe ñeå ngaên xe khoûi laên
wheel clamp n. device attached
to the wheel of a parked car to
prevent it being driven away; used
as an anti-theft device if attached
privately, and a means of ensuring
payment of a fine (to the authority
to have the device removed) if
392
wheel load
parked illegally: Caùi khoaù baùnh
xe ñeå choáng troäm
(NOTE: US English is Denver
boot)
wheel cover n. metal or plastic
disc fitted to the centre of a road
wheel: Naép chuïp baùnh xe
wheel cylinder n. (drum brake)
hydraulic brake actuating device;
major parts are cylinder body,
spring, cup expander, cup or piston
seal, piston, dust boot, bleeder
valve: Xy lanh con (phanh)
wheel disc n. part of the wheel
tô
that connects the rim to the hub; its
ô
ện
design is governed by specific rim
đi type, axle connection, brake
contour, brake cooling, hub cap
fixing, load capacity and attractive
styling: Ñóa baùnh xe
wheel dolly n. = DOLLY
wheel flutter n. = WHEEL
WOBBLE
wheel hub n. = HUB: (Ñuøm) oå
truïc baùnh xe
wheelie n. (informal)
manoeuvre in which the front
wheel (s) is/are lifted off the
ground on sudden acceleration;
originally practised on motorbikes:
Ñoäng taùc ñi moät baùnh khi taêng
toác ñoät ngoät (xe gaén maùy).
wheel imbalance: Söï maát caân
baèng cuûa baùnh xe
wheel machine n. a special shop tool
used to shape steel and aluminium
panels: Duïng cuï laøm ñoàng
wheel judder n. = SHIMMY
wheel load n. that part of the
vehicle weight resting on a single
wheel: Taûi troïng treân moãi baùnh
wheel lock
xe
wheel lock n. (a) condition in
which the wheels stop turning as a
result of excessive braking; leads
to a skid: Tình traïng baùnh xe bò
boù cöùng khi phanh gaáp.
(b) any anti-theft device for
expensive (alloy) wheels: Khoaù
choáng laáy caép baùnh xe
wheel marking n. all disc
wheels are marked (generally on
the front side of the disc in the stud
hole area) with the manufacturer’s
trademark, the wheel number, rim
size, and date of production: Söï
ghi nhaõn baùnh xe
wheel mounting n. the fitting of
a wheel onto a hub: Söï laép baùnh
o
tạ
xe
ào
wheel nut n. one of several nuts
-Đ
which hold the wheel and tyre
ng
assembly on the car and are
ườ
screwed on the studs: Ñai oác baùnh
Tr
xe
n
(NOTE:US English is lug nut)
vă
wheel nut spider = cross-
Lê
shaped spanner with four socket
heads: Caây thaùo laép baùnh xe hình
chöõ thaäp
wheel panel n. the panel area
around the wheel cutout in the
wing; this term often also refers to
a repair section for this area, as
this is a favourite rust spot on
many cars: Veø baùnh xe
wheel patter n.vertical
oscillation of a wheel making it
hop up and down rapidly, either
because of imbalance or because
the tyre is faulty or badly fitted:
Dao ñoäng doïc cuûa baùnh xe do
maát caân baèng, laép sai hoaëc hö
393
wheel tree
wheel rim n. the outer part of
the wheel on the tyre is mounted:
Nieàng baùnh xe
wheel rotation n. swapping
wheels around to compensate for
unequal tyre wear and increase
tread life; moving them from front
of to rear is generally
recommended and is the only safe
method on vehicles fitted with
directional tread tyres: Söï chuyeån
ñoåi baùnh xe (laáy baùnh tröôùc gaén
ra sau) ñeå choáng moøn vaø taêng
tuoåi thoï.
wheel shimmy or shudder n. =
tô
SHIMMY
ô
ện
wheelslip n. = WHEELSPIN
đi wheel speed sensor n.
electronic device for picking up
the rotational speed of a wheel in
order to inform the processing unit
of an ASR or ABS system: Caûm
bieán toác ñoä baùnh xe
wheelspin n. effect of too much
throttle making the driven wheels
turn too fast to grip the road
surface; easily done on a wet or
icy surface and leaves a telltale
trace of rubber on a dry one: Söï
tröôït baùnh xe (quay troøn)
wheel stud n. one of several
threaded bolts projecting from the
wheel disc to which the wheel is
secured by a wheel nut: Bu loâng
baùnh xe
wheel tramp n. = RADIAL
RUN – OUT
wheel tree n. a special stand for
wheels, e.g. for a complete set of
summer or winter tyres, designed
to prevent condensation and tyre
deformation over extended storage
wheel trim
periods: Giaù ñôõ baùnh xe trong
thôøi gian baûo quaûn
wheel trim n. = WHEEL
COVER: Naép baùnh xe
wheel trim emblem = plastic
emblem with logo; self-adhesive
backing adheres to hub cap or
wheel cover centre cap: Bieåu
töôïng treân naép baùnh xe
wheel weight tool n. special
automotive tool for use when
balancing wheels; installs, trims
and remes all types of clip-on
wheel weights with a hammer
head and pliers for installation and
removal and a cutter for trimming:
Duïng cuï caân baèng baùnh xe
wheel wobble n. oscillation of
o
tạ
the front wheels caused by
ào
unbalanced wheels, defective
-Đ
steering gear, etc: Söï ñaûo baùnh
ng
tröôùc
ườ
whip aerial n. long, thin, flexible
Tr
aerial: AÊn ten xeáp
n
whipping or whirling n. (of a drive
vă
shaft) tendency of a long rotating
Lê
shaft to bend at high speed, like a
bow or whip: Khuynh höôùng voõng
xuoáng cuûa truïc daøi khi quay toác
ñoä cao
white metal n. any of various (tin-
based) alloys, such as Babbitt
metal, still occasionally used for
bearings: Hôïp kim choáng ma saùt:
moät hôïp kim cuûa thieác, chì vaø
aên-ti-mon coù nhieät ñoä noùng chaûy
vaø heä soá ma saùt thaáp duøng laøm
baïc loùt
white lithium grease n. type
of grease that will not freeze, melt
or wash off; used for speedometer
and brake cables, door and bonnet
394
windscreen pillars
hinges, door stop latches, boot
springs, seat slide tracks,
distributor cams, windscreen wiper
mechanism, etc: Môõ boâi trôn coù
chaát Lithi khoâng ñoâng, khoâng
chaûy
white rust n. loose, porous
oxidation products formed on zinc
when a lack of carbon dioxide
occurs and water condenses on the
surface of the work: Gæ keõm coù
maøu traéng
wide-nose peen hammer n. a peen
and finish hammer with an extra-
wide wedge end well suited to
tô
shaping of sharp corners and beads
ô
ện
in panels: Ñaàu muõi buùa coù muõi
đi lôùn
wide open throttle (WOT) n.
US = FULL THROTTLE
Wilson gearbox n. an early pre-
selector epicyclic gearbox still
used in buses: Hoäp soá Wilson
(NOTE: named after British
inventor Walter Gordon Wilson,
1874-1957)
wind deflector n. = AIR SHIELD:
Taám chaén gioù
window weatherstrip n. rubber
or moquette sealing strip fitted in
the gap on either side of a sliding
door window to seal the door
gutter and prevent water getting in
to the inventor of the door frame:
Vieàn cao su boïc quanh kính xe
windscreen or US windshield n.
forward-facing front window of a
motor vehicle: Kính chaén gioù xe
hôi (kính tröôùc)
windscreen pillars n. the front
posts of the body shell which
together with the scuttle and
windscreen shade band
header panel form the windscreen
aperture: Truï ñôõ khung kính
tröôùc
windscreen shade band n. =
SUN SHIELD: Daõi maøu toái treân
kính tröôùc ñeå bôùt choùi
windscreen surround n.
moulded rubber insulating strip
round the windscreen: Ñöôøng vieàn
cao su bao quanh kính tröôùc
windscreen washer n. a person who
washes windscreens: Ngöôøi röûa
kính
windscreen wash / wipe system n.
system operated by the same
lever on the control stalk that
operates the wipers, which directs
a jet of water onto the windscreen
o
tạ
and activates the wipers for a short
ào
period: Heä thoáng xòt vaø gaït nöôùc
-Đ
kính
ng
windscreen wiper n.
ườ
electrically operated arm with a
Tr
(renewable) rubber or plastic blade
n
that wipes a windscreen clear of
vă
rain, snow, etc. ; activated by a
Lê
switch or lever on the instrument
panel or control stalk: Caàn (caùi)
gaït nöôùc
windshield n. US = WINDSCREEN
win tunnel n. tunnel-like chamber in
which a current of air can be
maintained at a constant velocity
and in which motor vehicles (and
aircraft, etc.) are tested to
determine their aerodynamic
properties and the effects of wind
pressure: OÁng thöû khí ñoäng
wind-up window n. window that is
manually operated with a winder:
Kính quay tay
wing n. the car body panel that covers
395
wire mesh
a road wheel and provides
protection against splashes of mud,
etc.: Taám khung chaén buøn phía
treân baùnh xe
(NOTE: US English is fender)
wing mirror = rear-view mirror
mounted on the wing; once
common but now replaced by door
mirrors: Kính chieáu haäu ñaët treân
capoâ
wing nut n. nut with two flat
projections like wings so that it can
be easily turned by hand: Ñai oác
coù tai hay caùnh vaën
wing shield n. small curved
tô
panel in front side window which
ô
ện
deflects wind and reduces draught
đi with the window open: typically
made of transparent acrylic, clear
or smoked: Taám mica trong che
cöûa hoâng khi xuoáng kính
winker n. (informal) = DIRECTION
INDICATOR
winter tyre n. a tyre with a deep tread
suitable for winter conditions:
Loaïi voû xe duøng cho muøa ñoâng
wiper n. short for windscreen wiper,
rear wiper, headlamp wiper: Caàn
gaït nöôùc
wire brush n. brush with wire
bristles for removing loose paint,
dirt, carbon, or rust from metal
surfaces: Baøn chaûi saét
wire glow plug n. double-
pole glow plug with an unsheathed
wire loop; now superseded by
sheathed-type glow plugs: Bougie
xoâng 2cöïc
wire loom n. = SPARKING
PLUG CABLE LOOM
wire mesh n. in catalytic
converters with a ceramic
wire spoke
monolith, a stainless-steel fabric
used as a shock-absorbing support
for: Löôùi daây kim loaïi ñeå choáng
rung cho boä xuùc taùc
wire spoke n. part which connects the
hub of a wire spoke wheel to the
rim: Nan hoa vaønh xe
wire strippers n. pliers used for
removing insulating material from
the ends of the ends of electrical
wire: Kìm tuoát daây ñieän
wire stripper / crimper tool =
multi-purpose electricians’ pliers
for cutting and stripping wire and
crimping insulated or non-
insulated solderless terminals
when servicing the electrical
system: Kìm caét vaø tuoát daây
o
tạ
wiring harness or wiring loom
ào
n. vehicle wiring bound in a
-Đ
protective sheath, which aids
ng
installation as an integrated unit:
ườ
Buoái daây ñieän
Tr
wiring pigtail n. short length of wire,
n
usually with connector,
vă
permanently attached to an
Lê
electric component, such as an
oxygen sensor: Ñoaïn daây ngaén
nhoâ ra töø thieát bò ñieän (ñaàu noái)
wiring trough n. longitudinal
moulding that guides and conceals
wiring.: Caùi keïp buoái daây
wishbone n. transverse link shaped
like an A or wishbone: Ñoøn chöõ A
(NOTE: US English is A-arm).
withdrawal fork n. = CLUTCH
FORK
wobble n. side-to-side vibration;
lateral runout: Söï dao ñoäng ngang
wobble extension (bar) n.
special extension with a unique
male end that enables the user to
396
worm-and-roller-steering
drive the socket up to 150 from
vertical: Ñaàu noái vaøo caàn sieát ñeå
quay nghieâng
wobble plate n. = SWASH
PLATE
wood alcohol n. = METHANOL:
Röôïu metanol, coàn thöïc vaät
Woodruff key n. semicircular key
that slots into a curved keyway in a
shaft to prevent rotational
movement between the shaft and a
hub or pulley: Then baùn nguyeät,
choát côø la veùt
working cycle n. recurring sequence
of events in the combustion
tô
process, e.g. a four-stroke cycle:
ô
ện
Chu trình laøm vieäc
đi working cylinder n. inner
cylinder of a double-tube shock
absorber: Xy lanh vaän haønh trong
boä giaûm xoùc hai oáng
worm n. short, rotating shaft on which
a helical groove has been cut, as in
a gear arrangement in which such
a shaft meshes with a toothed
wheel: truïc vít
worm-and-lever steering =
CAM-AND-LEVER STEERING:
Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít – ñoøn
baåy
worm-and-nut steering =
steering system in which rotation
of the worm causes a nut, which
encloses it, to move up or down,
thus turning the rocker shaft: Heä
thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - ñai oác
worm-and-peg steering =
CAM-AND-LEVER STEERING:
Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít – ñoøn
baåy
worm-and-roller-steering =
CAM-AND-ROLLER STEERING:
worm-and-sector steering
Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - con
laên
worm-and-sector steering =
type of steering system in which
rotation of the worm moves a V-
shaped section of a toothed wheel
at the top of the rocker shaft: Heä
thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - ñoaïn
voøng raêng cong
worm gear = device consisting
of a short, threaded shaft (worm)
that mates with a gearwheel
(worm wheel) so that rotary
motion can be transferred between
two shafts at right angles to each
other: Baùnh vít
worm wheel = gearwheel
driven by a worm: Baùnh raêng
nghieâng aên khôùp truïc vít
WOT = WIDE OPEN
-Đ
THROTTLE: Böôùm ga môû lôùn
ng
wrapround a. curving round in one
ườ
continuous piece: Ñöôøng vieàn
Tr
wrapround windscreen
n
PANORAMIC WINDSCREEN
vă
wrench n. a spanner, especially one
Lê
with adjustable jaws: Chìa khoùa
(sieát môû buø loong, ñai oác)
write-off
wrinkling n. (paint fault) the top coat
tends to wrinkle to a smaller or
greater degree if the outer paint
coat dries too rapidly, preventing
the underlying coats from drying
properly; this also occurs if the
paint film is too heavy: Neáp nhaên
cuûa lôùp sôn
wrist pin n. US = GUDGEON PIN:
Choát (aéc) pittoâng
write off v. (a) to damage a car
beyond repair or, for insurance
purposes, so as to be not worth
repairing: Phaù hoûng xe ñeán möùc
khoâng theå söûa ñeå ñöôïc ñeàn baûo
tô
hieåm
ô
ện
(b) (insurance assessor) to
đi consider (a car) to be a total loss:
o
tạ
Xaùc ñònh xe bò hö hoaøn toaøn (baûo
ào
hieåm)
write-off n. a car damaged
beyond repair or so badly damaged
as to be not worth repairing for
= insurance purposes: Söï phaù hoûng
xe ñeán möùc khoâng söûa ñöôïc ñeå
baûo hieåm ñeàn
397
 Xenon
Xx Yy Zz
xenon n. colourless, odourless gas
used in electric luminescent tubes
to provide a bright light: a xenon
stroboscope for ignition timing is
strong enough to use in daylight.:
Khí xenon (duøng trong boùng ñeøn
suùng caân löûa)
X-flow cylinder head n. = CROSS-
FLOW CYLINDER HEAD
X-type frame n. a frame design
shaped like an elongated letter X
that narrows to a strong junction at
the centre section; it usually has
three or more crossmembers to
provide torsional stability but
o
there are no crossmembers in the
tạ
ào
centre section of the vehicle.:
-Đ
Khung xe daïng chöõ X
yaw v. to move or rotate about a
ng
ườ
vertical axis: Quay quanh truïc
Tr
thaúng ñöùng
n
yaw acceleration = a steady
vă
increase in the yaw angle: Gia toác
Lê
quay quanh truïc thaúng ñöùng
yaw angle = angle of deviation
between a vehicle's longitudinal
axis and its true direction of
motion, i.e. the difference
between the direction a vehicle is
pointing when cornering and the
direction in which it is actually
moving.: Goùc quay quanh truïc
thaúng ñöùng
Y-belt n. Y-shaped belt design
used to restrain babies in a baby
seat.: Daây ñai daïng chöõ Y (daây
ñai an toaøn cho em beù)
Y - configuration n. Y-shaped
connection of the three stator
398
zinc
windings of an alternator: Caùc
cuoän daây pha noái hình sao trong
maùy phaùt
Y-pipe n. (exhaust system) Y-shaped
down pipe connecting a two-
branch exhaust manifold to a
single exhaust pipe: Ñaàu oáng poâ
daïng chöõ Y
Z-axle n. a rear axle introduced with
the BMW ZI in 1988, consisting of
a trailing arm, one upper lateral
link, one lower diagonal link, and
tô
a coil spring at each side; also
ô
ện
included is an anti-roll bar: Caàu
đi truïc sau daïng chöõ Z
zebrano or zebrawood n. striped
hardwood used for interior trim as
a cheaper alternative to burr
walnut.: Goã oáp trong xe
Zener diode n. voltage regulator
diode in electronic ignition and
alternator output circuits.: Diod
Zener (diod ñieàu chænh ñieän aùp
trong maïch ñaùnh löûa ñieän töû vaø
maïch ngoõ ra maùy phaùt)
zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) n.
vehicle which itself produces no
emissions, such as electric
powered vehicles.: Xe khoâng oâ
nhieãm (xe ñieän, xe hydro)
ZEV = ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLE
zinc n. metallic element used in
galvanizing metals, die-casting, as
a constituent in various alloys, as
abattery electrode, etc.: Keõm
zinc alloy = alloy whose main
component is zinc: Hôïp kim keõm
zinc bath = GALVANIZING
BATH
zinc-electroplating
zinc-electroplating = application of zinc-based primer
ELECTROGALVANIZING: Maï
keõm baèng ñieän phaân
zinc immersion treatment =
pretreatment before electro-
plating; a thin zinc deposit forms
by immersion of aluminium in a
zinc solution which prevents
further oxidation of the aluminium
and provides a key for the
galvanic coating: Xöû lyù tröôùc khi
maï (ngaâm vaøo dung dòch keõm)
zinc-iron alloy layer = alloy
layer formed on iron and steel
during hot-dip galvanizing as a
result of the diffusion of atoms
from the molten zinc into the work
and vice versa: Lôùp hôïp kim saét -
o
tạ
keõm (hình thaønh khi maï noùng)
ào
zinc phosphate coating = zinc-
-Đ
rich conversion coating produced
ng
by phosphating: Lôùp photphat
ườ
phuû ngoaøi keõm
Tr
zinc plating = application of a
n
zinc coating by galvanizing or
vă
electrogalvanizing: Maï keõm
Lê
zinc-rich paint / primer = paint
containing an extremely high
proportion of metallic zinc dust in
the dry film (about 95% by
weight), applied to iron and steel
as an anti-corrosive primer ; the
399
ZVD
may be regarded as a less durable
form of cold galvanizing.: Sôn
giaøu keõm/ chaát duøng ñeå sôn loùt
zincrometal n. trademark of a special
type of coil-coated steel sheet
with plastic and zinc dust coating,
which is proving increasingly
useful in automobile manufacture:
Theùp taám phuû nhöïa vaø keõm
zinc spraying n. process for applying
zinc coatings to iron and steel.: Söï
phuû keõm
zinc vapour deposition (ZVD) n.
process in which zinc vapour is
tô
deposited in a vacuum on the
ô
ện
pieces being worked on.: quaù
đi trình keát tuï cuûa hôi keõm
zirconia (ZrO2) n. zirconium oxide,
used in enamels and ceramic
coatings.: Zirconium oxide (hôïp
chaát xuùc taùc)
zirconium n. metallic element: Teân
kim loaïi zirconi
(NOTE: symbol: Zr; atomic
number: 40).
ZVD = ZINC VAPOUR
DEPOSITION: Maï baèng hôi keõm