Professional Documents
Culture Documents
College of Nursing
A Case Study
Presented To
The Faculty of the College of Nursing
University of Perpetual Help System Isabela Campus
Minante Uno, Cauayan City, Isabela
In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
NCM109 Care of Mother and Child (Acute and Chronic)
NCM118 RLE
By:
ACORDA, GLADY’S
AGUSTIN, JEZIRA
ANTONIO, JAMAICA
CABACUNGAN, FLORENCE
DOMINGO, MELISSA
JACINTO, RICA MAE
PABUALAN, PRINCESS
PENAFLOR, RICKY
ROXAS, MHAYLA
SOBERANO, VALIERY
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CASE OVERVIEW
Clavicle Fracture (Broken Collarbone)
A clavicle fracture is a break in the collarbone, one of the main bones in the shoulder.
This type of fracture is fairly common, accounting for about 5% of all adult fractures.
Most clavicle fractures occur when a fall onto the shoulder or an outstretched arm puts
enough pressure on the bone that it snaps or breaks. A broken collarbone can be very painful and
can make it hard to move your arm.
Many clavicle fractures can be treated by wearing a sling to keep the arm and shoulder
from moving while the bone heals. With some clavicle fractures, however, the pieces of bone
move far out of place when the injury occurs. For these more complicated fractures, surgery may
be needed to realign the collarbone.
Types of Fracture
There are many fractures, but the main categories are complete, incomplete, open, closed, and
pathological. Five major types are as follows:
1. Incomplete: Fracture involves only a portion of the cross-section of the bone. One side
breaks; the other usually just bends (greenstick).
2. Complete: Fracture line involves entire cross-section of the bone, and bone fragments
are usually displaced.
3. Closed: The fracture does not extend through the skin.
4. Open: Bone fragments extend through the muscle and skin, which is potentially infected.
5. Pathological: Fracture occurs in diseased bone (such as cancer, osteoporosis), with no or
only minimal trauma.
Cause
Clavicle fractures are most often caused by a direct blow to the shoulder. This can happen
during a fall onto the shoulder or an accident, like a car collision. A fall onto an outstretched arm
can also cause a clavicle fracture. In a baby, a clavicle fracture can occur during the passage
through the birth canal.
Symptoms
A clavicle fracture can be very painful and may make it hard to move your arm. Other
signs and symptoms of a fracture may include:
Sagging of the shoulder downward and forward
Inability to lift the arm because of pain
A grinding sensation when you try to raise the arm
A deformity or bump over the break
Bruising, swelling, and/or tenderness over the collarbone
Physical Examination
In a clavicle fracture, there is usually an obvious deformity, or bump, at the fracture site.
Gentle pressure over the break will bring about pain. Although it is rare for a bone fragment to
break through the skin, it may push the skin into a tent formation.
Diagnostic Test
X-rays. X-rays provide images of dense structures, such as bone. Your doctor will order an X-
ray:
To help pinpoint the location of the fracture
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Medical Management:
Nonsurgical Treatment
If the broken ends of the bones have not significantly shifted out of place, you may not
need surgery. Many broken collarbones can heal without surgery.
Nonsurgical treatment may include:
Arm support. A simple arm sling is usually used for comfort immediately after the break
and to keep your arm and shoulder in position while the injury heals.
Medication. Pain medication, including acetaminophen, can help relieve pain as the
fracture heals.
Physical therapy. Although there will be some pain, it is important to maintain arm
motion to prevent shoulder and elbow stiffness. Often, patients will begin doing
exercises for elbow motion immediately after the injury.
After a clavicle fracture, it is common to lose some shoulder and arm strength. Once the
bone begins to heal, your pain will decrease and your doctor may start gentle shoulder
exercises. These exercises will help prevent stiffness and weakness. You will start more
strenuous exercises gradually once the fracture is completely healed.
Follow-up care
You will need to see your doctor regularly until your fracture heals. During these visits,
the doctor will take X-rays to make sure the bone is healing in a good position. After the bone
has healed, you will be able to gradually return to your normal activities.
Complications
In some cases, a clavicle fracture can move out of place before it heals. It is important to
follow up with your doctor as scheduled to make sure the bone stays in position.
If the fracture fragments do move out of place and the bones heal in that position, it is
called a malunion. Surgical treatment for this is very rare, determined by how far out of place
the bones are and how much this affects your arm movement.
A large bump over the fracture site may develop as the fracture heals. This usually gets
smaller over time, but a small bump often remains permanently.
Surgical Treatment
If the broken ends of the bones have significantly shifted out of place, your doctor may
recommend surgery.
Surgery typically involves putting the broken pieces of bone back into position and
preventing them from moving out of place until they are healed. This can improve shoulder
strength when you have recovered.
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Plates and screws. After being repositioned into their normal alignment, the bone
fragments are held in place with special screws and metal plates attached to the outer
surface of the bone.
After surgery, you may notice a small patch of numb skin below the incision. This
numbness will become less noticeable with time. Because the clavicle lies directly under
the skin, you may be able to feel the plate through your skin.
Plates and screws are not routinely removed after the bone has healed, unless they are
causing discomfort. Problems with the hardware are not common, but some patients find
that seatbelts and backpacks can irritate the collarbone area. If this happens, the
hardware can be removed after the fracture has healed.
Pins or screws. Pins or screws can also be used to hold the fracture in good position
after the bone ends have been put back in place. The incisions for pin or screw
placement are usually smaller than those used for plates.
Pins or screws often irritate the skin where they have been inserted and are usually
removed once the fracture has healed.
Pain management
After surgery, you will feel some pain. This is a natural part of the healing process.
Many patients find that using ice and non-prescription pain medications are sufficient to
relieve pain.
If your pain is severe, your doctor may suggest a prescription-strength medication, such
as an opioid, for a few days.
Be aware that although opioids help relieve pain after surgery, they are a narcotic and
can be addictive. Opioid dependency and overdose have become critical public health
issues. For this reason, opioids are typically prescribed for a short period of time. It is
important to use opioids only as directed by your doctor and to stop taking them as soon
as your pain begins to improve.
Rehabilitation
Specific exercises will help restore movement and strengthen your shoulder. Your
doctor may provide you with a home therapy plan or suggest that you work with a
physical therapist.
Therapy programs typically start with gentle motion exercises. Your doctor will
gradually add strengthening exercises to your program as your fracture heals.
Complications
There are risks associated with any type of surgery. These include:
Infection
Bleeding
Problems with wound healing
Pain
Blood clots
Damage to blood vessels or nerves
Reaction to anesthesia
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DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
NAME: Patient B
AGE: 35 years old
ADDRESS: Rizal, Alicia, Isabela
BIRTHDATE: May 19,1978
SEX: Male
CIVIL STATUS: Married
RELIGION: Born Again
WEIGHT: 68kg
DATE AND TIME OF ADMISSION: November 12, 2022 (7:30 PM)
ADMITTING DIAGNOSIS: Fracture Closed Complete Clavicle Right S/P
ORIF: plating
FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Healed Fracture Clavicle Right S/P ORIF
Plating Clavicle Right
CHIEF COMPLAINT: Swelling Right shoulder
NURSING HISTORY
GENOGRAM
(Mrs. B)
Mr. B ASTHMA
Daughter
LEGENDS:
MALE
FEMALE
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Assessing the Functional Health Patterns of a Client using an Eclectic Model of Health
HEALTH
NARRATIVE NORMS AND STANDARDS REMARKS
PATTERN
Risk for infection related
Health The client was asked Health is often a subjective state, to fractured clavicle as
Perception – “How is she today”, a person maybe medically evidence by swelling in
Health The client verbalized: diagnosed with an illness but operative site
Management “masakit lang po yung still consider himself of herself
Pattern balikat ko ma’am, at healthy. Risk for injury related to
nahihirapan lang -Fundamentals of Nursing (The fracture of clavicle
akong igalaw”. Art and Science of Nursing
Care) 5th Edition
The client was asked Carol, Lillis & LeMone (2005)
“What is health for
you?” The client
answered: “malusog at Health is a state of complete
masigla nuon po physical, mental and social well-
ma’am ngayun po being and not merely the
medyo hindi po absence of disease or infirmity.
ma’am" -World Health Organization
(WHO)
www.who.int/about
The client was asked
“What diseases did he
experienced for the By following your doctor's
past year? The client instructions and reporting back
verbalized:“yung during follow ups, you can
kadalasan ay lagnat, provide your doctor with insight
minsan ubo, sipon into what is and is not working.
pero hindi naman Based on your feedback, doctors
matagal” can tailor your treatment plans,
adjust medications, or explore
other options and treatment
The client was asked: alternatives.
“What should you do https://www.perecman.com/
to continue having a blog/2020/april/why-its-
healthy body?” The important-to-follow-your-
client answered: doctors-instruc/
“kumakain ng gulay
po, and syempre
vitamins"
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Nutritional – The client was asked: Eat regular meals and 2-3 snacks Imbalanced nutrition: less
Metabolic “How often do you eat each day to keep calories in than body requirements
Pattern a day?” The client check and cravings at bay. Eat related to insufficient
answered: “tatlong plenty of vegetables, fruits, intake of food
beses po ma’am” whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds,
low fat dairy, low mercury fish
He added: “minsan and lean meats.
nakakalimutang - americanpregnancy.com
kumain dahil lasing na
akong umuuwi.”.
It recommends a daily intake of
between 1.5 and two liters of
water (eight 250 ml or 8fl oz.).
The client was asked: When you are pregnant this
“How many glasses of should increase by another two
water do you drink?” to four glasses (up to three liters)
The client verbalized: a day if the weather is warm or
“asa 8 po na baso, you are exercising.
pero minsa may alak - (WHO)
ako naiinom at kape”
BMI:
The client was asked: Underweight <18.5
“Did you lose or Normal 18.5 to 24.9
gained body weight?” Overweight 25-29.9
The client answered: Obese ≥30
“walang nagbago, yun -(WHO)
parin ang timbang ko
hanggang ngayon”
Height:5’8 inches
Weight: 68 kilograms
Your BMI is 22.8,
indicating your weight
is in the Normal
category.
The client was asked:
“How is your
appetite?” The client
answered: “maayos
naman po ma’am”
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Activity – Rest
Pattern The client was asked: People who exercise regularly Impaired physical
What is your daily have a lower risk of developing mobility related to skeletal
pattern of activity? many long-term (chronic) impairment as evidence
The client answered: conditions, such as heart disease, by fractured clavicle
Leisure: nanunuod type 2 diabetes, stroke, and some
lang sa phone o sa tv cancers.
minsan nakikipag https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/
kwentuhan sa mga exercise/exercise-health-
kumpare ko” benefits/
Exercise: wala,
ma’am sa trabaho ko
po ma’am exercise na
po para saakin yun,
minsan rin po nag
bubuhat ako ng
mabibigat. Ngayon po
eh malabo na dahil sa
balikat ko ”
The client was asked:
Do you follow your
regular exercise plan?
The client answered:
“hindi po ma’am lakad
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lakad nalang po
minsan”
Cognitive – The client was asked: “To know” or “to recognize” or Readiness for enhanced
Perceptual “Do you have a “to conceptualize” Its refer to the knowledge
Pattern problem in hearing?” mental process of an organism
The client verbalized: learns, remembers, think about a
“maayos naman po body of information.
ma’am "
In other words, thoughts always
come before any feeling and
The client was asked : before any action. By changing
“Do you used our thoughts, we can change our
eyeglasses and mood, decrease our anxiety, or
sunglasses?” The improve our relationships.
client answered:
“hindi po ma’am, https://www.slideshare.net/
maayos pa naman po mobile/quratualin/cognitvie-
paningin ko" theory-of-personality
Sleep – Rest The client was asked : The exact time depends on when Disturbed sleep pattern
Pattern “Tell me about your you tend to wake up in the related to lifestyle
sleeping patterns?” morning. Another consideration disruptions as evidence by
“Do you have trouble is the amount of sleep you need fractured clavicle
falling asleep?” The per night.
client verbalized: Circadian rhythm also dictates
“maaga akong your natural bedtime and
nagigising para morning wakeup schedules.
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https://medium.com/
@janeellapangoyala/traditional-
filipino-family-values-that-make-
us-distinct-among-others-
7a439fdfd28a
The average female will have
Sexuality – The client was asked: their first period between ages
Reproductive Relationship status? 11 and 14. Periods will continue
Pattern “married ma’am” regularly (usually monthly) until
menopause, or about age 51.
https://www.healthline.com/
health/facts-statistics-
menstruation#Periods-around-
the-world
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Value – Belief The client was asked: Researchers at the Mayo Clinic Readiness for enhanced
Pattern “Generally get things concluded, “Most studies have spiritual well-being
you want from life? shown that religious related to Expresses desire
Important plans for the involvement and spirituality are to enhance prayerfulness.
future?” The client associated with better health
verbalized: “mag outcomes, including greater
University of Perpetual Help System Laguna-Isabela Campus
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apps.who.int
The client was asked :
“What gives your life
meaning?” The client
answered: “pamilya ko
ma’am”
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
Body Parts Methods Findings Interpretation
Head Inspection - Head is symmetrically NORMAL
rounded with no lesions.
Palpation - No presence of pain,
tenderness and swelling NORMAL
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both nostrils.
Palpation - Frontal and maxillary NORMAL
sinuses are non-tender to
palpate
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- Warm to touch.
NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
NAME CLASSIFICATION MAJOR FINDINGS
FUNCTIONS
I. Olfactory Sensory - Smell - can identify
and smell scent
while eyes are
closed
II. Optic Sensory - Vision (acuity - no signs of
and field of visual
vision); pupil impairment
reactively to - can read and
light and can match
accommodation colors
(efferent
impulse)
III. Oculomotor Motor - Eyelid - both pupils
elevation; most constrict
EOMs; pupil - symmetric eye
size and movement
reactivity - Normal eye
(efferent color
impulse)
IV. Trochlear Motor - EOM (turns - equal pupil size
eyes downward - normal
and laterally) movement of
the upper
eyelids
V. Trigeminal Both - Chewing, facial - eyes naturally
and mouth blink when
sensation, cotton wisp
corneal reflex lightly touched
(sensory) the cornea
VI. Abducens Motor - EOM (turns - turns eyes
eyes laterally) laterally
- no presence of
strabismus
VII. Facial Both - Facial - facial grimace
expression;
taste, corneal
reflex (motor),
eyelid and lip
closure
VIII. Sensory - Hearing; - whispered
Acoustic/Vestibular equilibrium word heard
cochlear clearly
(whispered
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voice test)
- tone heard
clearly (weber
test)
IX. Both - Gagging and - swallowing
Glossopharyngeal swallowing intact
(sensory); taste
X. Vagus Both - Gagging and - gag reflex
swallowing intact
(motor)
XI. Spinal Motor - Shoulder - shoulder
Accessory movement; shrugging
head rotation weakness
XII. Hypoglossal Motor - Tongue - normal tongue
movement; movement
speech
(articulation)
The clavicle is the bone that connects the breastplate (sternum) to the shoulder. It is a very
solid bone that has a slight S-shape and can be easily seen in many people.
Inferior surface
Conoid tubercle - Near the acromial end of the clavicle, give attachment to the Conoid
ligament.
Trapezoid line - Near the acromial end of the clavicle, give attachment to the Trapezoid
ligament.
Subclavian groove - In the medial third of the shaft of the clavicle, give attachment to
the subclavius muscle.
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Impression costoclavicular ligament - Rough depressed oval area at sternal end that
give attachment to the costoclavicular ligament.
Superior Surface:
Attachment for sternocleidomastoid muscle at medial two third of the clavicle
Attachment for trapezius muscle at lateral one third of clavicle
Anaterior Surface:
Attachment for Pectoralis major muscle at media two third of the clavicle
Attachment of deltoid muscle at lateral one third of the clavicle
Functions
The clavicle holds the arm away from the trunk.
It also transmits forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton It provides attachment
for muscles It provides attachment for ligaments that bind it to the first rib at its sternal
end and suspend the scapula from its acromial end.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FRACTURE CLOSED COMPLETE COMMINUTED CLAVICLE RIGHT
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LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
ROENTGENOGRPHIC REPORT
Name: PATIENT B AGE: 35 XRAY NUMBER:22-
1588
EXAMINATION: DATE: NOVEMBER
12, 2022
EXAMINATION: CHEST PA
Radiological Findings:
There is a comminuted overriding fracture in the mid-shaft of the right clavicle with
inferior displacement of the distal fractured segment. Overlying soft tissue swelling is
likewise seen.
There are no parenchymal infiltrates in both lung fields.
The heart is not enlarged.
Aorta is unremarkable.
Chest wall, hemidiaphragms, costophrenic sulci and the rest of the visualized bones
are intact.
IMPRESSION:
Fracture, right clavicle, as described.
ROENTGENOGRPHIC REPORT
Name: PATIENT B AGE: 35 XRAY NUMBER:22-
1588
EXAMINATION: DATE: NOVEMBER
12, 2022
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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
1.09-2.29 VLDL
mmol/L(female)
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
University of Perpetual Help System Laguna-Isabela Campus
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IV q8 ANST o Cefuroxime is
o For CP- works by
clearance stopping the
o Refer growth of
accordingly bacteria.
o Celecoxib is an
anti-
inflammatory
drug that is used
to treat mild to
moderate pain.
o Ketorolac is
used for short-
term treatment
for moderate to
severe pain.
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hour prior to
surgery them o To set a baseline
immediately post of vital sign
op then Q4 x 3
doses o To inform the
o Hydrocortisone physician for the
100mg IV 1hr. procedure to be
prior to surgery done.
o V/S at q1 hour
post op, refer if
BP is <90/60 or
BP >150/90
o I and O q shift
o Inform Dr.
Malana
o Inform me of
schedule of OR
once procedure
is done.
o Refer
accordingly
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24hrs,
o Celocoxib
200mg PO BID
x5 days after IV
pair medication
o Continue other
medication
o Keep patient
comfortable and
thermoregulated
o Encourage deep
breathing
exercise
o Refer
accordingly
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NSAID is an example
to relieve severe to
moderate pain.
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Slowed enables resumption complications related to The patient may be restricted by techniques that
movement of activities immobility (decubitus) self-view or self-perception out of enables resumption
Decreased Assess the degree of proportion with actual physical of activities
muscle strength immobility produced by limitations, requiring information Improve Range of
Limited range Improve Range of injury or treatment and note or interventions to promote motion
of motion motion the patient's perception of progress toward wellness. Inability to move the
Inability to immobility. It helps ensure the chosen and affected part as
move Ability to move the presented materials are culturally evidence by using
purposefully affected part Assess the health literacy and and educationally appropriate. sling
within physical cultural practices of the Increased blood flow to muscle and Maintain/regain
environment patient. bone to improve muscle tone mobility at possible
Maintain/regain Teach patient or assist with level
mobility at possible active and passive ROM
level exercises of affected and
unaffected part.
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food
Notify prescriber about rashes or super
infection
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compared to
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DISCHARGE PLAN
MEDICATION Instruct the patient and SO to continue his medication as ordered by
the physician.
Explain the importance of compliance to prescribed medication.
Cefuroxime 500mg BID for 7 days
Paracetamol + tramadol 1 tab 2x a day for pain
EXERCISE Instruct patient and SO to avoid extraneous activity. Excessive
activities that may result to stress. Just advised to perform range of
motions and repetitive body movements for promotion of optimum.
Encourage patient to rest and do deep breathing exercise.
TREATMENT Increased oral fluid intake.
Admission to an intensive care unit intravenous fluids and
electrolytes.
Bed rest Out-Patient Follow-Up Care.
Encourage the patient to seek nearest hospital as soon as possible if
symptoms are observed and can't be relieved by the medications.
Advise the patient to comply prescribed medications if symptoms
persist consult your doctor.
Encourage and advise family members that massage or applying
back-rub is very relaxing and can reduce pain sensation.
PROGNOSIS
Patient is using sling for support and still on medication and on monitoring.