check:

check constraint is used to defined logical condition

according to client request
in oracle check constraint doesnot work sysdate function

syntax:
create table tablename(col1 datatype(size) check(logical
cond) col2 datatype(size),...);

column level:
SQL> create table test(sal number(10) check(sal>2000));

Table created.

SQL> insert into test values(1500);

insert into test values(1500)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.SYS_C0012044) violated

SQL> insert into test values(20000);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into test values(2000);

insert into test values(2000)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.SYS_C0012044) violated

SQL> insert into test values(2001);

SQL> create table test(name varchar2(10) check(name=upper(name)));

Table created.

SQL> insert into test values('abc');

insert into test values('abc')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.SYS_C0012045) violated

SQL> insert into test values('ABC');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from test;

NAME
----------
ABC

1 row created.
table level:
syntax:
create table tablename(col1 datatype(size),col2 datatype(size)
check(cond1,cond2));

SQL> create table test(name varchar2(10),sal number(10),

2 check(sal>2000 and name=upper(name)));

Table created.

SQL> insert into test values('abc',20001);

insert into test values('abc',20001)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.SYS_C0012046) violated

SQL> insert into test values('ABC',20001);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into test values('ABC',200);

insert into test values('ABC',200)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.SYS_C0012046) violated

SQL> create table test(name varchar2(10),sal number(10),

2 check(sal>2000 or name=upper(name)));

Table created.

SQL> insert into test values('ABC',200);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into test values('abc',20001);

1 row created.

adding or dropping constraints:

using alter command we can also add or drop constraints
on existing table

SQL> select CONSTRAINT_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE from user_constraints

2 where table_name='TEST';

CONSTRAINT_NAME C
------------------------------ -
SYS_C0012048 P

if you want to add new column with constraint

SQL> alter table test add name varchar2(10) unique;

Table altered.
SQL> select CONSTRAINT_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE from user_constraints
2 where table_name='TEST';

CONSTRAINT_NAME C
------------------------------ -
SYS_C0012048 P
SYS_C0012049 U

desc user_constraints;

note:
if you want to add not null constraint on existing table
,existing column then we are using alter with modify

syntax:
alter table tabelname modify columnname not null;

SQL> alter table test modify sno not null;

Table altered.

dropping constrainsts:
syntax:
alter drop tablename drop constraint constraintname;
syntax:
alter table tablename drop primary key;

syntax:
alter table tablename drop unique(col1,col2.....)

SQL> alter table test drop unique(name);

Table altered.

SQL> desc mas;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
SNO NOT NULL NUMBER(10)

SQL> desc child;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
SNO NUMBER(10)

SQL> drop table mas;

drop table mas
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02449: unique/primary keys in table referenced by foreign keys

note:
we cannot drop master table directly after dropping child
table only we can drop master table
SQL> drop table child;

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table mas;

Table dropped.

note:
if you want to drop primary key along with referenced foreign
key then we are using cascade along with alter drop

syntax:
alter table tablename drop primary key cascade;

SQL> create table master(sno number(10) primary key);

Table created.

SQL> create table child(sno number(10) references master);

Table created.

SQL> desc child;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
SNO NUMBER(10)

SQL> desc master;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
SNO NOT NULL NUMBER(10)

SQL> alter table master drop primary key;

alter table master drop primary key
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02273: this unique/primary key is referenced by some foreign keys

SQL> alter table master drop primary key cascade;

Table altered.

SQL> desc master;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
SNO NUMBER(10)

SQL> desc child;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
SNO NUMBER(10)
SQL> drop table master;

Table dropped.

SQL> desc master;

ERROR:
ORA-04043: object master does not exist

SQL> desc child;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
SNO NUMBER(10)