Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DE SANTA MARÍA
PRECATÓLICA 2023 - II
INGLÉS II
Arequipa – Perú
Ingreso 2023
INGLÉS II
UNIT 1
THE FUTURE
FIGURE IT OUT
1. The future with be going to is used to express
intentions plans predictions based on evidence
2. “BE” before the “going to” expression is always changed to AM – IS – ARE
true false
3. After “be going to” the verb goes in
past form base form
4. You can use any subject pronoun + will + verb (base form)
false true
5. Will is used to express
on- the-spot decisions predictions promises threats
requests offers
Reading1
EMILY: Hi Paul! What are you going to do today?
PAUL: I’m going to see my dentist at three o’clock in the
afternoon. Have you got any plans for today?
EMILY: I’m meeting John and Jane at the café. We’re
going to play Scrabble. Maybe, you might join us after your
appointment at the dentist.
PAUL: Sounds good. I think my appointment will finish at four o’clock. I’ll call you when it finishes;
then I can join you.
EMILY: Great! We’re going to talk about the math project. We’ll need your advice.
PAUL: Alright! I’ll give you very valuable information about it. Look! Andy is coming.
EMILY: Oh no! He’s going to see me! He lent me his Geography book, and I’ve lost it.
Now, he’ll probably ask me about it.
PAUL: OK. I got it.
EMILY: Bye, Paul.
1
https://www.photocopiables.com/sites/default/files/Future-simple-going-to-present-cont_reading_freebie.pdf
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INGLÉS II
THE ADJECTIVE
FIGURE IT OUT
4. In comparative adjectives, when an adjective has two or more syllables and doesn’t end in “Y”:
add more add ER
8. When you compare two things use “than” if the two things are mentioned
true false
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INGLÉS II
Complete the sentence with the superlative form of the adjective in capitals.2
1. Thumbelina, a miniature brown mare won the title of ……………..…. living horse in July 2006,
standing at just 44.5cm high. (TINY)
2. The ………………………. whale recorded was over 33m in length. (LONG)
3. A specimen of king’s holly, a plant found in the rainforest of Tasmania, is one of the
………………………. plants on Earth - over 43,000 years old. (OLD)
4. The cheetah is the ………………………. creature on Earth, capable of running at over 110kph.
(FAST)
5. The ………………………. part of the ocean where a fish has been found was 8,372m down in the
Puerto Rican Trench. (DEEP)
6. The ………………………. fish in the sea is the sailfish, which can travel 100kph. (SPEEDY)
7. No prizes for guessing the world’s ………………………. fish: it is the deadly piranha fish.
(FEROCIOUS)
8. The sea wasp, which lives off the north coast of Australia, is the ………………………. creature in
the sea. If it stings you, you have only between 30 seconds and 4 minutes to live. (POISONOUS)
9. The ………………………. spider in the world is the goliath spider from South America, which can
be 28cm across. (LARGE)
10. The ………………………. whale ever caught weighed more than 171,000kg. (HEAVY)
Complete the sentence with the comparative form of the adjectives in capitals.
1. Brazil is ……………..…. than Peru. (BIG)
2. The Amazon River is ………………………. than The Ucayali River. (LONG)
3. The Chavin Culture was ………………………. than The Mochica Culture. (OLD)
4. Ceviche, a Peruvian dish, is ………………………. than Patacon. (FAMOUS)
5. An SUV (Sports utility vehicle) is ………………………. than a sedan. (SPACIOUS)
6. Bugatti Veyron is much …………………….……. than Rolls-Royce Sweptail. (EXPENSIVE)
7. Lions are ………………………. Tigers. (FEROCIOUS)
8. Fruits such as bananas and mangoes are much ………………………. than strawberries and
tangerines. (SWEET)
9. In summer time, the beach is………………………. than in winter time because of the number of
people who visit that place. (DIRTY)
10. To some extent, Apple gadgets could be ………………than Samsung gadgets. (GOOD)
2
http://english.skola.edu.mt/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/08_Comparative-and-superlative.pdf
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INGLÉS II
WORD SWAP
In the following sentences two words have been swapped. Identify these two
words and write them.
1. The San Francisco disasters of 1906 were the worst natural earthquakes in US history.
_______________________________
2. Bats and birds fly in quite different ways, with bats generating thrust on only the up and down
stroke while birds use both the down stroke. _______________________________
3. After weeks of wet and often sunny weather the holiday weekend turned warm and windy.
_______________________________
4. He said that the construction of the hospital demand in 2013 as there was no large hospitals in
the city and there was a began from people. _______________________________
5. The air pollution levels in the city saw a sharp decline during the first two of the four previous of
lockdown compared to phases years. _______________________________
6. Some spiders have an irrational fear of people, even very small ones. _____________________
7. Jack Digby married an actress and became a father and actor himself and played the model in
the film ‘Four Weddings and a Funeral’. _______________________________
UNIT 2
MODALS OF OBLIGATION
MUST / HAVE TO / MUSN’T/ DON’T HAVE TO
MUST HAVE TO
• Express personal obligation, subjective • Express objective obligation.
obligation. • The subject is obliged or forced to act by
• What the speaker thinks is necessary. an external power (the law, school rules)
• Strong recommendation.
-We have to pay for the meal.
-You must work harder.
MUSTN’T DON’T HAVE TO
• It is prohibited, it is not allowed. • There is no obligation.
-Cars mustn’t park in front of the entrance. -You don’t have to hear this part.
FIGURE IT OUT
1. Modal verbs go _____________ a verb in the base form.
before after
2. “Have to” is conjugated “has to” in the 3rd person.
True False
3. The negative form of Have to is Haven´t to.
True False
4. The modal verbs that express the lack of necessity
needn’t / not have to can’t / mustn’t
5. A synonym of mustn’t is
shouldn’t can’t
SENTENCE SEQUENCE
Put the following sentences into the correct order. Write the sequence.
A. Friction comes from the Latin word meaning ‘rub’. B. Friction always occurs when two articles
are moved so as to rub or chafe against one another. C. This resistance, or force which opposes
motion, is called friction. D. When a heavy wooden box is pushed along the floor, resistance is set
up between the box and the floor. ________________________________
A. The laws were written in the Sumerian language, in wedgeshaped letters called cruciform.
B. Hammurabi, a wise and able ruler, was concerned with bringing order and justice to his
kingdom. C. This was a collection of more than 280 laws, which he had inscribed on a great stone
pillar. D. He set up a strong central government and gathered all the laws of his kingdom into
a great code. ________________________________
A. The state has been made habitable by water, natural gas and hydroelectric power, mostly
brought in from the outside, and by the invention of air conditioning. B. Most of its landscape
consists of rugged mountains, arid desert, mesas and buttes. C.More than 300 ranges of mountains
cross the state north to south. D. Nevada is the driest state in the United States and one of
the hottest. _____________________
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INGLÉS II
PRACTICE 2
Choose the correct alternative for each simile
1. Those kids are mischievous. They fought like…
a. lions and zebras
b. puppies and kittens
c. cats and dogs
2. Hulk is a superhero whose main feature is to be as…
a. strong as an ox
b. as light as rain
c. nutty as a fruitcake
3. Martha’s twins are so different as …
a. dry as a bone
b. like a log
c. night and day
4. I love you so much that my love for you is as…
a. as a balloon
b. deep as the ocean
c. scare as hen’s teeth
5. Nowadays, models have a strict diet because they have to be …
a. as thin as a rake
b. as slim as a watermelon
c. as beauty as a frog
6. I can’t stand the heat. This room is …
a. as cold as iron
b. as hot as hell
c. as hot as ice
7. You look stunning. Your dress looks perfect because it fits like…
a. a scarf
b. a glove
c. sandwich
8. After she slipped, she was so embarrassed that her face was as…
a. blue as paint
b. green as broccoli
c. red as a beetroot
UNIT 3
PASSIVE VOICE
USE
We use the passive voice to tell that the result of an action is more important than the person who
performed it.
We use the verb To Be (same tense in active form) + verb in the past participle form.
PASSIVE Passive Subject + Verb to be ( in the appropriate form) + Main verb ( past
VOICE participle) + the agent “by” (optional) + complement.
PASSIVE VOICE
TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
Present Construction workers are building A house / houses is / are being built
Continuous a house / houses now. now (by construction workers)
Present Construction workers have built a A house / houses has / have been built
Perfect house / houses. (by construction workers)
Past Simple Construction workers built a A house / houses was / were built last
house / houses last month. month (by construction workers)
Past Perfect Construction workers had built a A house / houses had been built before
house / houses before my trip in my trip in 2016 (by construction
2016. workers)
Modal Verbs Construction workers can / could / A house / houses can / could / should
should /would / will / must / have /would / will / must / have to /may be
to /may… build a house / houses. built (by construction workers)
Complete these sentences with the passive form of the verbs in the box below.
lose damage give make dump cause translate be born write repair
3
https://www.tes.com/lessons/UwgPXrOBwSYMPw/passive-voice
13 Fernando Daniel Málaga Herrera Admisión 2023-II
INGLÉS II
SHOULD
USE: We use should every time we want to give advice or an opinion.
FORMATION: should / shouldn’t + base form
EXAMPLES: The movie was great; you should watch it.
You shouldn´t drink sodas.
OUGHT TO
USE: We can use ought to instead of should to give advice or an opinion.
FORMATION: ought to / ought not to + base form
EXAMPLES: The movie was great, you ought to watch it.
You ought not to drink sodas.
HAD BETTER
USE: We use had better when it is advisable to do something.
If you don´t, there will be a problem or a danger.
FORMATION: had better / had better not + base form
EXAMPLES: I’d better study for the test or I’ll fail.
I’d better not meet my friends today.
1. Dave loves chocolate, but he _________________ too much or he will get fat.
A. should eat not
B. shouldn't eat
C. had better not eat
2. I'm going to visit your country. Where _______________ if I want to go shopping?
A. I should go
B. ought to I go
C. should I go
3. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't sleep well. What ________________?
A. I should do
B. should I do
C. had I better do
4. A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my test is wrong.
B: Really? You ______________ to her after class today.
A. should to talk
B. ought talk
C. ought to talk
4
https://en.islcollective.com/
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INGLÉS II
5. A: I'm so hot.
B: You _________________ your coat!
A. should take off
B. should put on
C. should to take off
6. The airline only allows two pieces of luggage. You _________________ pack too much or you
will have to take it out at the airport!
A. had not better
B. better not
C. had better not
7. My mother isn't feeling well, so I told her that she _______________ to the doctor.
A. ought
B. ought to go
C. ought go
8. It's raining and I don't want to get my dress wet. I _________________ an umbrella.
A. had better to bring
B. had better bring
C. had better not bring
UNIT 4
THE IMPERATIVE
The imperative mood uses the base form of the verb.
• Walk to the corner, turn right, and cross the road.
• Open your mouth and say ‘Aaaah’.
• Don’t lose that key.
FIGURE IT OUT
1. We use the imperative to
give clear instructions give direct orders make an invitation
indicate signs give friendly informal advice
Think about the best word to complete each sentence with the imperative in affirmative or
negative.
1. ____________ that graph in the meeting! It is totally wrong!
2. ____________ a reservation at the restaurant because I have already done it.
3. ____________ business cards with other people at the event.
4. ____________ a promotion this year.
5. ____________ your resume on Monday! Send it on Tuesday instead
6. ____________ home late! Remember you are still grounded!
7. ____________ for your turn.
8. ____________ the box carefully
9. ____________ run! The floor is wet.
10. ____________ trespass! There is radiation.
1. ________your shoes.
2. Today's her birthday. ______ her, please.
3. _________her my phone number. I don’t want her to call me.
4. It's cold outside. _____________the window, please.
5. __________ a piece of this cake.
6. ________on the table. It’s very rude.
7. ___________your dirty boots outside.
8. _________and drive. You could have an accident.
9. _____________them to the airport, please.
10. ____________to the park at night, could be dangerous.
PRACTICE 1
ANALOGIES
1. ‘Rubber’ is to ‘tree’ as ‘gold’ is to (A) mine (B) ornament (C) metal (D) goldsmith
2. ‘Vegetation’ is to ‘barren’,as ‘hair’ is to (A) oil (B) shampoo (C) bald (D) style
3. ‘Smile’ is to ‘laugh’ as ‘suggestion’ is to (A) advice (B) plan (C) execution (D) order
4. ‘Bow’, is to ‘arrow’ as ‘gun’ is to (A) dart (B) bullet (C) weapon (D) shoot
5. ‘Shoe’ is to ‘leather’ as ‘brick’ is to (A) building (B) clay (C) stone (D) fire
6. ‘Inert’ is to ‘static’ as ‘dynamic’ is to (A) motor (B) active (C) politic (D) mathematics
7. ‘Louvre’ is to ‘museum’ as ‘Bastille’ is to (A) warden (B) crime (C) prison (D) bars
8. ‘Religion’ is to ‘atheist’ as ‘War’ is to (A) object (B) atlantis (C) pacifist (D) conscience
9. ‘Donkey’ is to ‘bray’ as ‘horse’ is to (A) drive (B) hoof (C) saddle (D) neigh
10. ‘Word’ is to ‘sentence’ as ‘sentence’ is to (A) paragraph (B) phrase (C) letter (D) comma
Reading
The fastest dinosaurs
Read the text below and choose the best alternative to fill in the gaps.5
According 1) __________ computer models that were used to estimate the running speeds of
dinosaurs, the Tyrannosaurus Rex would have been able to outrun a footballer. The study shows that
the dinosaur could reach a top 2) __________ of 8 meters a second, which is fractionally faster than
the average professional footballer. There has been a lot of controversy 3) __________ whether the
Tyrannosaurus Rex was a predator or a scavenger; some believe that its highly developed sense of
smell indicates that it was a scavenger, 4) __________ others say that its keen eyesight shows that
it was a hunter. The 5) __________ group will appreciate the recent study, as a hunter is more 6)
__________ to require such speed
The University of Manchester study used a powerful supercomputer to calculate the running speeds
of five meat-eating dinosaurs and used data taken 7) __________ from dinosaur fossils, 8)
_____________ than referring to previous work on modern animals. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, 9)
__________, was not the fastest dinosaur. A small dinosaur 10) __________ Compsognathus, which
was about the 11) __________ of a chicken, could run at 18 metres a second, 12) __________ is
faster than the ostrich, the fastest two-legged animal today. It could run 100 meters in a little over six
seconds and would leave modern Olympic 13) __________ more than a third of the track behind.
5
https://www.usingenglish.com/comprehension/46.html
20 Fernando Daniel Málaga Herrera Admisión 2023-II
INGLÉS II
EXERCISES
1. If we don't take this DVD ___________to the store today, we will have to pay a fine.
2. On my street, we _________________ our garbage on Thursday nights.
3. I was _________________ by the company after they saw I had good experience.
4. In your family, who do you most _________________?
5. Jenny _________________ her make-up every night after dinner.
6. Her father took golf ______________ after he retired.
7. Are you _________________ what I am saying?
8. I hope the children don't __________their grandfather. He had a terrible temper.
9. It was a very good lesson and very easy to ______________.
10. The police officer ___________the handcuffs from the prisoner two hours ago.
6
https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-advice1.htm
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INGLÉS II
UNIT 5
REPORTED SPEECH
7
Remember that many things change when you use reported Speech. Some of them are: Subject pronouns,
Possessive Adjectives, Possessive pronouns, Object pronouns, the tense, place and time expressions.
TENSE CHANGE
7
https://www.brickfieldidiomas.com/como-aprender-el-reported-speech/
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INGLÉS II
4. In reported speech, we
change the sentence to the past keep the original tense
5. In reported speech we
use the same subject pronouns / objet pronouns / possessive adjectives
change subject pronouns / objet pronouns / possessive adjectives
Examples:
"I don't need your help." - The patient said she didn’t need my help.
"I'm visiting Europe in July." - The engineer said he was visiting Europe in July.
"I'll pay the bills this month." - He told me that he would pay the bills that month.
"I had a brilliant idea." - He told me he'd had a brilliant idea.
Direct Speech: Susan told Juan, “I like your car. Mine is ugly”
Reported Speech: Susan told Juan, she liked his car. Hers was ugly”
➢ What has changed? 1. The subject pronoun.
2. the tense of the verb
3. the possessive adjective
4. the possessive pronoun.
Report these affirmative sentences
1. The student told the teacher “The exam was really tricky”
The student told her____________________________________________________.
2. "This bridge will be ready by October” The mayor said
He said______________________________________________________________.
3. "I can't help you. I am sorry" he said.
He told me____________________________________________________________.
4. "I have taken part in three marathons" My grandfather said.
He told me___________________________________________________________.
5. "You look puzzled." she said.
She told the boys______________________________________________________.
6. "I was watching a movie when he called me" she told him.
She told him__________________________________________________________.
7. "I am interested in learning Russian," he said.
He said______________________________________________________________.
8. "It must be a good lesson for him." he told me.
He told me __________________________________________________________.
9. “We won't see you tomorrow."” They said.
They told me __________________________________________________________.
10. “You can write with pen or pencil” The teacher said.
He told me ____________________________________________________________
FIGURE IT OUT
Reported WH questions
We introduce reported question-word questions with ask + question word:
REPORTED IMPERATIVE
READING COMPREHENSION
Text 1
Ragwort was accidentally introduced to New Zealand in the late nineteenth century and, like so
many invading foreign species, quickly became a pest. By the 1920s, the weed was rampant.
What made matters worse was that its proliferation
coincided with sweeping changes in agriculture and a
massive shift from sheep farming to dairying. Ragwort
contains a battery of toxic and resilient alkaloids: even
honey made from its flowers contains the poison in dilute
form. Livestock generally avoid grazing where ragwort is
growing, but they will do so once it displaces grass and
clover in their pasture. Though sheep can eat it for months
before showing any signs of illness, if cattle eat it they sicken
quickly, and fatality can even result.
2.The passage implies which of the following about the problems ragwort poses to dairy
farmers?
A. Milk produced by cows that eat ragwort causes illness in humans who drink it.
B. Ragwort can supplant the plants normally eaten by cattle.
C. Cattle, unlike sheep, are unable to differentiate between ragwort and healthy grazing.
D. The massive shift from sheep farming to dairying.
Text 2
3. In explaining the “new role” that goose bumps in humans may have acquired, the author
assumes which of the following?
A. Emotional responses in humans can be triggered by thermoregulatory mechanisms.
B. The perceptibility of emotional responses to other humans offers some kind of benefit.
C. If human hair were more substantial, goose bumps would not have acquired a new role.
D. Goose bumps in animals with feathers, fur, or quills may also be linked to emotional responses.
E. In humans, goose bumps represent an older physiological response than flushing.
CONDITIONALS
Conditional clauses begin with If and they refer to possible and imaginary situations in the present,
past and even the result in the future.
8
FIGURE IT OUT
1. The “if clause” can be at the beginning and in the middle without changing the meaning.
True false
8
https://www.woodwardenglish.com/lesson/conditional-sentences-if-clauses-introduction/
29 Fernando Daniel Málaga Herrera Admisión 2023-II
INGLÉS II
PRACTICE 1
Choose the correct alternative
1. If the firm __________ more money, we would open a new subsidiary.
a. have b. had c. would have d. had had
2. If you do a great work, you _________promoted soon.
a. will be b. would be c. get d. had been
3. If I __________my job, I would have to get back to my parent’s house.
a. had lost b. will lose c. lost d. loses
4. We would have known what to do if we _____________that consultant.
a. would hire b. hired c. had hired d. hire
5. If we ____________ less sugar, we would lose weight.
a. eat b. had eaten c. would have eaten d. ate
6. If you_______ a bad team leader, we will go under.
a. are b. am c. will be d. sees
7. It _____________more convenient for the company if the exchange rate had decreased.
a. would be b. would have been c. would has been d. was
8. If we ___________ more information to our competitors, we would go on bankrupt.
a. gives b. gave c. would give d. had given
9. If I had taken that opportunity, I _____________ something new.
a. experienced b. would experience c. will experience d. would have experienced
10. If you ________fired, what would you do?
a. were b. had been c. is d. would drink
Complete the Conditional Sentences ( I, II or III) by putting the verbs into the correct form.
1. If she (have) _________________ time on Sunday, she will come to see us.
2. If you sneak out quietly, my dad (not notice) _________________________.
3. If I (know) ___________________ about your situation, I would have given you a hand.
4. If I (be) ________________________ you, I would not go to that party.
5. Juan (arrive) ___________________ earlier if he had not overslept.
6. If I didn't have a smart TV, my life (not / be) __________________ complete.
7. If I (be) _____________________ a bird, I would be an eagle.
8. If I (tell) ___________________ you the truth, you would be delighted.
9. She (not go) _____________________ out with him even if he asked her
10. I would not have read your diary if you (not hide) ____________________ it in my bedroom.
You silly!
EXPRESSIONS
PROVERBS
Proverbs or sayings are expressions used to give some form of life advice. Every single language has
them, and it is essential to have all the words in each proverb so as to understand their meaning.
Read the following proverbs and their examples. Write their meanings
PROVERB EXAMPLE MEANING
1. When in Rome, do as the Having travelled so many When you are in a new place or
Romans do countries, his favourite advice situation, try to act like the
is when in Rome, do as the majority.
Romans.
2. Where there’s smoke, Matilda came to school with a
there’s fire black eye today. She didn’t
want to say anything about it.
I think that where there’s
smoke, there’s fire.”
3. Birds of a feather flock We are going to start hanging
together out because we love comics.
Birds of a feather flock
together
4. Learn to walk before you I have been told that my plan is
run. too aggressive and that I need
to learn to walk before I run.
5. Don’t put too many irons You study and also have two
in the fire. jobs, no wonder you are
exhausted! Do not put too
many irons in the fire.
6. People in glass houses Henry, don’t speak ill about
shouldn’t throw stones. her, you know what they say
about stones and glass
houses.
7. No man is an island You can’t just leave your family
and friends like that. No man is
an island
8. The pen is mightier than Let’s use diplomacy to solve
the sword. our problems. Remember the
pen is mightier than the
sword.
9. The squeaky wheel gets A: I don’t really understand how
the grease. she got so many promotions.
B: Because the squeaky
wheel gets the grease.
10. Two wrongs don’t I know she made you angry,
make a right but did you have to steal her
phone? Two wrongs don’t
make a right.
READING
Before you read, match the definitions with the words in bold type in sentences (1-6)
Sentences Definitions
1. That sounds like a good idea. _____ a. came to live here
2. We moved in yesterday. _____ b. I’m excited about
3. Keep going past the cinema. _____ c. tell each other news about our lives
4. We should catch up soon. _____ d. tell me
5. Let me know if you like fish. _____ e. is
6. Looking forward to it! _____ f. don’t stop moving
Hi Samia,
Just a quick email to say that sounds like a great idea. Saturday is better for me because I'm
meeting my parents on Sunday. So if that's still good for you, why don't you come here? Then
you can see the new flat and all the work we've done on the kitchen since we moved in. We
can eat at home and then go for a walk in the afternoon. It's going to be so good to catch up
finally. I want to hear all about your new job!
Our address is 52 Charles Road, but it's a bit difficult to find because the house numbers are
really strange here. If you turn left at the post office and keep going past the big white house
on Charles Road, there's a small side street behind it with the houses 50–56 in. Don't ask me
why the side street doesn't have a different name! But call me if you get lost and I'll come and
get you.
Let me know if there's anything you do/don't like to eat.
Really looking forward to seeing you!
See you soon!
Gregor
Answer key
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Barrall, I. R. E. N. E. and Nikolas. (2008). Intelligent Business (2ª ed.). England: Pearson
http://english.skola.edu.mt/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/08_Comparative-and-superlative.pdf
http://mrraddish-lakecable.weebly.com/simile--metaphor.html
https://www.tes.com/lessons/UwgPXrOBwSYMPw/passive-voice
https://en.islcollective.com/
https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-advice1.htm
https://this.deakin.edu.au/society/is-emoji-the-language-of-the-future
https://www.fresherslive.com/online-questions/verbal-ability-test/analogy
https://www.brickfieldidiomas.com/como-aprender-el-reported-speech/
https://www.fresherslive.com/online-questions/verbal-ability-test/synonyms
https://www.woodwardenglish.com/lesson/conditional-sentences-if-clauses-introduction/