Flanged Bolt Couplings where m is called the spring index and (4m – 1) / (4m – 4) is the

Wahl Factor. The elongation of the bar is

Notice that the deformation δ is directly proportional to the applied

load P. The ratio of P to δ is called the spring constant k and is equal
to

In shaft connection called flanged bolt couplings (see figure above),

the torque is transmitted by the shearing force P created in the bolts
that is assumed to be uniformly distributed. For any number of bolts SPRINGS IN SERIES
n, the torque capacity of the coupling is For two or more springs with spring laid in series, the resulting spring
constant k is given by

If a coupling has two concentric rows of bolts, the torque capacity is

where k1, k2,… are the spring constants for different springs.

SPRINGS IN PARALLEL

where the subscript 1 refer to bolts on the outer circle an subscript 2

refer to bolts on the inner circle.

For rigid flanges, the shear deformations in the bolts are proportional
to their radial distances from the shaft axis. The shearing strains are
related by

Sample Problem:
Using Hooke’s law for shear, G = τ / γ, we have 10 A 75-mm diameter shaft is transmitting 350 kW at 650 rpm. A
flange coupling is used and has 6 bolts, each 18 mm in
diameter. Find the required diameter of the bolts circle based on an
average shearing stress of 27.5 MPa.
A. 245mm B.254mm
C 452mm D.245mm
If the bolts on the two circles have the same area, A1 = A2, and if the 11 A flange coupling has ten(10) steel 25.4mm diameter bolts evenly
bolts are made of the same material, G1 = G2, the relation between tighten around a 415mm bolt circle. Determine the torque capacity of
P1 and P2 reduces to the connection if the allowable stress in the bolt is 50MN/m 2
A. 59.95KN-m B.52.6kN-m
B. C.46.65kN-m D.43.8kN-m
12 A helical-coil spring has a mean coil diameter of 1 inch and a wire
diameter of 1/8 inch. Determine the Wahl factor of the spring.
A. 1.148 B.1.184
Helical Springs C 1.418 D.1.814
When close-coiled helical spring, composed of a wire of round rod of 13 Three extension springs are hooked in series that support a
diameter d wound into a helix of mean radius R with n number of single weight of 100 kg. The first spring is rated at 4 kN/m and
turns, is subjected to an axial load P produces the following stresses the other two springs are rated 6 kN/m each. 26.Determine the
and elongation: equivalent stiffness of the three springs.
A. 1.71kN/m B.5 kN/m
C 2.71kN/m D.3.71kN/m
Two steel springs arranged in series support a load P. The upper
spring has 12 turns of 25 mm diameter wire on a mean radius of 100
mm. The lower spring consists of 10 turns of 20 mm diameter wire
on a mean radius of 75 mm. Use G = 83 GPa.
14. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum value of P
if the allowable shearing stress is 200 MPa?
A 3926.99N B.4503.33N
C.4866.67N D.5774.88N
15 Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the total
The maximum shearing stress is the sum of the direct shearing elongation of the assembly?
stress τ1 = P/A and the torsional shearing stress τ2 = Tr/J, with T = A 245.12mm B.217.26mm
PR. C.189.51mm D.172.86mm
16 Which of the following most nearly gives the equivalent spring
constant of the assembly?
A 21.50kN/m B.22.72kN/m
C.25.16kN/m D.28.89kN/m
17 Determine the maximum shearing stress in a helical spring
composed of 20 turns of 20-mm diameter wire on a mean radius of
80 mm when the spring is supporting a load of 2 kN. Use G = 83
GPa.
This formula neglects the curvature of the spring. This is used for A 281.34MPa B.108.23MPa
light spring where the ratio d/4R is small. C.813.23MPa D.302.12MPa

For heavy springs and considering the curvature of the spring, a

more precise formula is given by: (A.M.Wahl Formula)
18 A mass hangs on two parallel springs with different spring
constants (stiffness).
Spring 1 k1 = 25 kN/m
Spring 2 k2 = 20 kN/m

KKBB
May - August 2021 ME Review
Determine the total composite spring constant

A 11.11kN/m B.5kN/m
C.12.73kN/m D.45kN/m
Two steel springs arranged in series support a load P. The upper
spring has 12 turns of 25 mm diameter wire on a mean radius of 100
mm. The lower spring consists of 10 turns of 20 mm diameter wire
on a mean radius of 75 mm. Use G = 83 GPa.
19. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum value of P
if the allowable shearing stress is 200 MPa?
A. 3926.99N B.4503.33N
C 4866.67N D.5774.88N
20. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the total
elongation of the assembly?
A. 245.12mm B.217.26mm
C 189.51mm D.172.86mm
21. Which of the following most nearly gives the equivalent spring
constant of the assembly?
A. 21.5KN/m B.22.72kN/m
C.25.16kN/m D.28.89kN/m

KKBB
May - August 2021 ME Review