‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

com -‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮﻣﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺃﺭﺽ‪ -‬ﺃﺟَﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻣﻦﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‪:‬ﺗﺒﺨﺮﻭ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺢﻭ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻭ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂﻭ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻭﺭ‪.unoff‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻈﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪https://www.britannica.com/science/water-cycle‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﺕﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻱ ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ( ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ )‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ )‪ (2CO‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻫﻮﺍءﺃﻭ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﺕ )ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻻﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﻬﺎﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺉﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻝﻧﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﻤﺎﺽ ﻧﻮﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻝﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰﺃﺭﺽ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪ 78‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺉﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢﺃﺟَﻮﺍء ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦﻏﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦﻭ‬ ‫➢‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ‪،‬‬ ‫➢‬

‫➢ ‪ammonification،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺮﺗﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫➢‬

‫➢ ﻭﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻏﺬﺍﺉﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﺑﻄﻴﺉﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎًﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺪﺭﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ‪،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺒﺐﺍﻟﺘﺨﺜﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻁ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﻔﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﻭﺗﺨﻠﻖ ‪a‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻮﺭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺴﺮﺏﺑﺒﻂء ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﺎء ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﺗﻤﺘﺺ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻤﻮﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻤﺘﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ ﻟﻸﻧﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﺗﻐﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﻴﺉﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺑﻘﺎء ﺃﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ‪20000‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‪ 100000‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

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