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An Annotated Bibliography for Effects of Postpartum Depression on Parents and Child Paper

Works Cited

Carley J. Pope, Dwight Mazmanian. "Breastfeeding and Postpartum Depression: An Overview

and Methodological Recommendations for Future Research." Depression Research and

Treatment (2016). <https://www.hindawi.com/journals/drt/2016/4765310/>.

In this article, Carley Pope and Dwight Mazmanian focus their attention on breastfeeding.

They introduce the paper by stating the problem statement explaining how postpartum

depression affects breastfeeding. The paper gives a general description of the

consequences of postpartum depression, citing references that explain how the condition

affects the mother in particular. It describes both long-term and short-term consequences

to show how it affects the partners and frequency of breastfeeding. The paper recognizes

the failure of many researchers in the past to find a concrete connection between

postpartum depression and breastfeeding. The paper also disproves past findings that

suggest postpartum depression usually leads to a reduced frequency in breastfeeding. The

authors reveal how the lack of breastfeeding predisposes the mother to postpartum

depression. Both authors are expert psychologists with a wealth of experience in teaching
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and practice. They both practice at Lakewood University, in the Department of

Psychology.

Fatemeh Abdollahi, Mehran Zarghami. "Effect of postpartum depression on women’s mental and

physical health four years after childbirth." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 24.10

(2018). <http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-24-2018/volume-24-issue-10/effect-of-

postpartum-depression-on-womens-mental-and-physical-health-four-years-after-

childbirth.html>.

This resource looks into the impact postpartum depression has on the mental health of

women. It is an ambitious work by Abdollahi and Zarghami to reveal how women that

have once experienced postpartum depression suffer from other mental illnesses and

depressions in the future. The paper incorporates research facts obtained from its 33

references to explain past postpartum depression's susceptibility to health issues. The

authors prove their assertion using numerical data and propositions and ideas forwarded

by the papers they have cited. The study conducted involved 691 women, among which

671 completed the study successfully. The case group had 204 participants, among which

71 of them had developed other cases of depression by the end of the study period. This

study is important as it reveals how postpartum depression opens up other mental-related

illnesses and conditions to the mother. This research was done in Iran, which is a highly

patriarchal society. This report describes a high prevalence of depression and mental

disorders among women in such societies. It helps in recommending intervention

measures among parents living in such societies.

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James F. Paulson, Sarah Dauber, Jenn A. Leiferman. "Individual and Combined Effects of

Postpartum Depression in Mothers and Fathers on Parenting Behavior." (2020).

<https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/118/2/659.full.pdf>.

James Paulson, Sarah Dauber, and Jenn Leiferman are experienced scholars in pediatrics,

practicing and teaching in leading medical institutions in The United States of America.

This research paper looks into the effects of postpartum depression on the parents

parenting behaviors. It considers the extensive interest given to the mother's acts,

diverting attention to the children. Among the parenting issues addressed in the paper are

breastfeeding, infant sleep practices, parent-child interaction, and adherence to basic

parenting practices in the anticipatory guidance recommendations. This source is credible

as it used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS)-Birth Cohort. This

research incorporated a sample of 14,000 births, from which 10,688 interviews were

completed. The paper reveals that depression was present in at least 14% of women and

10% of men. The paper also sights 52 credible sources, making its assertions credible and

reliable in future research on postpartum depression.

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Justine Slomian, German Honvo, Patrick Emotnts, Jean - Yves Reginster, Olivier Bruyere.

"Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and

infant outcomes." Women's Health (2019).

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6492376/>.

This research paper reviews studies conducted between 2005 and August of 2016 relating

to the consequences of postpartum depression on women and the infant. It reviews a total

of 122 studies. The findings of this review were put into three categories. Firstly, the

consequences of postpartum depression on the mother; secondly, the effects of

postpartum depression on the infant. It includes anthropometry, sleep, physical health,

language, social, and behavior. Lastly, it reveals the impact of postpartum depression on

the mother-child interaction. This takes into account the maternal role, bonding, and

breastfeeding. It reveals how affected patterns of breastfeeding affects the infant’s health,

development and social interactions in future. Justine Slomian is based in Belgium,

where he works at the University of Liege, Department of Public health, Epidemiology,

and Health Economics. His co-researchers in this research paper are all drawn from the

same university and department, apart from Patrick Emonts, who is in the Department of

Obstetrics and Gynecology. They all bring together their experience to suggest, among

other things, how social support can help protect mothers from postpartum depression.
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Njoku, Mary Gloria. "Causes and consequences of postpartum depression among women." The

International Journal of Social Sciences (2013).

<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271585529_Causes_and_consequences_of_po

stpartum_depression_among_women>.

Mary Gloria is a Psychology professor with a background in Clinical Psychology and

Medica Information Technology. She teaches Postgraduate Psychology at the Godfrey

Okoye University in Nigeria, School of Postgraduate Studies. She has published over 50

research papers and has participated in at least 11 projects, according to ResearchGate.

This article looks into Postpartum Depression in definitive terms. She explains its history

and its occurrence among women after birth. The also interrogates the etiology of the

condition, providing prevalence data from across the world. The paper reviews findings

from previously done studies, where she reveals the differences and similarities in

findings among them. In this paper, she mainly interrogates the issues researchers

encounter when studying postpartum depression. This paper gives insight into how future

research should be conducted to yield the correct results. It suggests a combined effort of

health officials, family, and society, to help women not fall into postpartum depression

after birth. Lastly, the author emphasizes the need for providing information to the

mother on how they can seek help when they are destressed after birth, to prevent its

escalation to postpartum depression.

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Raquel Poyatos-Leon, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Gema Sanabria-Martinez, Celia Alvarez-

Bueno, Ivan Cavero Redondo, Vicente Martinez Vizcaino. "Effects of exercise‐based

interventions on postpartum depression: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled

trials." Birth Issues in Parental Care (2017).

This paper attempts to determine the impact physical activity has on the prevention of

postpartum depression among women. The analysis looks into the effectiveness of

physical activity during and after pregnancy in preventing the occurrence of postpartum

depression among women. Its assertion is based on the therapeutic nature of physical

exercise in the management of other forms of depression. The paper is inspired by the

general inconsistency of findings of research conducted in this area. The authors

interrogate medical and science libraries for research papers written between 1990 and

May of 2016, involving trials of physical activity on expectant mothers in attempts to

ascertain its efficacy in preventing postpartum depression among women. This analysis

took into account twelve studies in which they conclude that physical activity during and

after pregnancy is a safe way to prevent postpartum depression among women. The

Authors are professionals in public health and sports science, practicing in Spain. This

source is credible as it analyses data from multiple experts' research over 25 years, taking

account of all their different perspectives and approaches.

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Sherry L. Grace, Stephanie Sansom. "The Effect of Postpartum Depression on Mother-Infant

Relationship and Child Growth and Development." (2003).

<https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/lit_review_postpartum_depressio

n.pdf>.

This source is an excerpt from a Literature Review Document for the risk factors and

interventions for postpartum depression. This document looks into the effects of

postpartum depression on the relationship between the mother and the child. It also

assesses how it affects the growth and development of the child. Most importantly, it

addresses the impact of postpartum depression on the cognitive development and

behavioral alterations of the child. The researchers behind this source take a global

approach in presenting findings. This approach gives a geographical and cultural

understanding of postpartum depression, providing insight into how these two factors

increase or reduce the condition's occurrence. The paper also looks into postpartum

depression among mothers who abuse drugs and adolescent mothers, providing insight to

practitioners and families on assisting them during and after pregnancy. The authors also

take an interest in how postpartum depression affects the fathers, grandmothers, and how

the infant's sex determines the extent and nature of postpartum depression. This source

gives a general analysis of the condition, addressing all the areas of relevance, and

providing an array of recommendations to help mitigate the problem.