2 0 2 2

The Belt and Road Initiative

Implementation, Coordination and
International Cooperation

Dr. & Prof. Zou Weikang

➢ Dean Assistant, School of Government

University of International Business and Economics

➢ Email: weikangzou@uibe.edu.cn
 Outline
I. Induction
II. The evolution of the Belt and Road Initiative
III. International co-operation against the backdrop of B&R
IV. Regional and inter-governmental financial coordination and
cooperation
V. Case study for BRI

VI. Hard nuts for international finance and investment in the

context of B&R : Risks! Risk! Risk!
But, do you know who invented the WEB?
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist, best
known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information
management system in March 1989,and he implemented the first successful
communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the
Internet sometime around mid- November of that same year. Berners-Lee is the director of
the World Wide Web Consortium(W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development.
He is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation, and is a senior researcher and
holder of the Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence
Laboratory (CSAIL)
And, any ideas on
when the earliest WEB
was invented in human
history?
Ancient Silk Road
I. The evolution of the Belt and Road Initiative
A. Review of the ancient silk road
a. The origin and purpose

b. The coverage of the ancient silk road

c. The (Inter-Continental Land) silk road

d. The maritime silk road

e. Silk road of other kinds

Ancient Silk Road
The (Continental) Silk Road
The Maritime Silk Road
As a time master, let’s time-travel to NOW
“The New Silk Road ”
B. The development of the new silk road (the Silk Road
Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, B&R)

a. The formation of the B&R

b. The embedded paradigm and proposal
c. The term finalized as “the Silk Road Economic Belt and
the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road” ( “the Belt and
Road” ， “B&R””), an “Initiative” instead of “strategy”、
“project” 、 “program” 、 “agenda”, and informal use as
“the Belt and Road Initiative”, etc.
d. The coverage, number of countries, and unprecedented
inclusiveness
f. official clarification

• Action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road

Initiative/ issued by the National Development and
Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and
Ministry of Commerce of the People‘s Republic of China, with
State Council authorization, March 28th, 2015
 Action plan on the China-proposed
Belt and Road Initiative

issued by the National Development and Reform

Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of
Commerce of the People's Republic of China, with State Council
authorization, March 28th, 2015
 Induction
1. For thousands of years, the Silk Road Spirit - "peace and cooperation,
openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit" - has been
passed from generation to generation, promoted the progress of human
civilization, and contributed greatly to the prosperity and development of the
countries along the Silk Road. Symbolizing communication and cooperation
between the East and the West, the Silk Road Spirit is a historic and cultural
heritage shared by all countries around the world.

2. A new era marked by the theme of peace, development, cooperation

and mutual benefit, it is all the more important for us to carry on the Silk
Road Spirit in face of the weak recovery of the global economy, and complex
international and regional situations.
3. To promote the economic prosperity of the countries along the Belt and Road
and regional economic cooperation, strengthen exchanges and
mutual learning between different civilizations, and promote world
peace and development. It is a great undertaking that will benefit people
around the world.

4. Jointly built through consultation to meet the interests of all, and

efforts should be made to integrate the development strategies of the
countries along the Belt and Road.
 Background
1. To embrace the trend toward a multi-polar world, economic globalization,
cultural diversity and greater IT application, is designed to uphold the global
free trade regime and the open world economy in the spirit of open regional
cooperation; promoting orderly and free flow of economic factors, highly
efficient allocation of resources and deep integration of markets; encouraging
the countries along the Belt and Road to achieve economic policy coordination
and carry out broader and more in-depth regional cooperation of higher
standards; and jointly creating an open, inclusive and balanced regional
economic cooperation architecture that benefits all. Jointly building the Belt
and Road is in the interests of the world community; a positive endeavor to
seek new models of international cooperation and global governance, and will
inject new positive energy into world peace and development.
2. To promote the connectivity of Asian, European and African continents and
their adjacent seas, establish and strengthen partnerships among the
countries along the Belt and Road, set up all-dimensional, multitiered
and composite connectivity networks, and realize diversified,
independent, balanced and sustainable development in these countries; to
align and coordinate the development strategies of the countries along the
Belt and Road, tap market potential in this region, promote
investment and consumption, create demands and job opportunities,
enhance people-to- people and cultural exchanges, and mutual learning
among the peoples of the relevant countries, and enable them to
understand, trust and respect each other and live in harmony, peace and
prosperity.
3. To enable China to further expand and deepen its opening-up, and to
strengthen its mutually beneficial cooperation with countries in Asia, Europe
and Africa and the rest of the world. China is committed to shouldering more
responsibilities and obligations within its capabilities, and making
greater contributions to the peace and development of mankind.
Principles

1. To uphold the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: mutual respect for

each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression,
mutual noninterference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual
benefit, and peaceful coexistence.

2. To promote harmonious and inclusive context; follows market operation;

seeks mutual benefit.
Framework
1. To advocates peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness,
mutual learning and mutual benefit.; build a community of shared interests,
destiny and responsibility featuring mutual political trust, economic integration
and cultural inclusiveness.

2. To bring together China, Central Asia, Russia and Europe (the Baltic);
linking China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea through
Central Asia and West Asia; and connecting China with Southeast Asia,
South Asia and the Indian Ocean. The 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road
is designed to go from China's coast to Europe through the South China
Sea and the Indian Ocean in one route, and from China's coast through the
South China Sea to the South Pacific in the other.
3. To focus on jointly building a new Eurasian Land Bridge and developing China-
Mongolia-Russia, China-Central Asia-West Asia and other economic corridors by
taking advantage of international transport routes, relying on core cities along the
Belt and Road and using key economic industrial parks as cooperation platforms. At
sea, the Initiative will focus on jointly building smooth, secure and efficient
transport routes connecting major sea ports along the Belt and Road. The China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic
Corridor are closely related to the Belt and Road Initiative, and therefore require
closer cooperation and greater progress.

4. To improve the region's infrastructure, and put in place a secure and efficient
network of land, sea and air passages, lifting their connectivity to a higher level;
further enhance trade and investment facilitation, establish a network of free
trade areas that meet high standards, maintain closer economic ties, and deepen
political trust; enhance cultural exchanges; etc.
D . M o r e b a c k g r o u n d s t o r i e s ? Ye s

a. International perspective

• Wi n - w i n s i t u a t i o n s a s e x p e c t e d b e t w e e n C h i n a a n d r e l a t e d
countries

• A new systematic connection between China and other

countries

• Mutual benefits in the context of negotiation, “co -

construction, and sharing”

• Long-term interests and sustainable development

• Flexibility with varied means, like bilateral, multilateral, etc.

b. New structuring for Chinese domestic economic

development

• T h e k e y p r o b l e m s f o r C h i n a ’s e c o n o m y i n t h e n e x t s t a g e

• Peaceful diplomatic e ff o r t s for peaceful and friendly

environment
III. The international financial cooperation and
integration in the context of B&R

A . F in a ncial in tegration is a n imp o r ta nt u n derpinning f o r

imp lemen ting th e B& R I n itiative ， w h ic h p e r ta ins to
d e e p ening f in ancial c o o p era tion, a n d ma k in g mo r e e ff orts
in b u ilding a cu r re ncy s ta bility s ys te m, in v e stme n t
a nd fin an cing s yste m and cred it infor ma tion sys te m in Asia.

a. To f u r ther ex p and th e s c o pe a n d s c a le o f b ila tera l c u r re ncy

sw ap an d s ettlement w ith o th er co u n tries alo n g th e B&R,
o p e n an d d ev elop th e b o n d ma r k e t in A s ia , ma k e j o int
 e ff orts to es tab lish th e A s ia n I n frastructure I n ve stme n t
Ba n k an d BRI CS New D e v e lopme nt Ba n k , c o n d uct
n e g o tiation amo n g r e la te d p a r tie s o n e s ta b lishing S h a n ghai
Co o p eration O rg anization ( S CO ) f in ancing in stitution, an d
s e t u p an d p u t in to o p e r ation th e S ilk Ro a d F u n d a s e a r ly a s
p o s sible.

b. To s tr en gthen p r a c tica l c o o p e ration o f Ch in a -AS EA N

I n te rbank A s s o ciation a n d S CO I n te rba nk A s s o ciation, a n d
c a r r y o u t mu ltilate ral f in a nc ia l c o o pe ration in th e f o r m o f
s yn d icated lo an s a n d b a n k c r e d it.
c. To s u p port th e e fforts o f g o v ernme n ts o f th e c o u ntries
alo n g th e B& R an d th eir co mp an ies an d f in ancial
in s titutions w ith g o od c r e dit-ra ting to is s ue R e n min b i
b o n ds in Ch in a. Q u a lified C h in es e f ina nc ia l
in s titutions a n d c o mp a nies a r e e n c oura ged to is s ue
b o n ds in b o th Re n min b i a n d f o r eign c u r re nc ie s o u ts ide
C h in a , a n d u s e th e f u nds th u s c o lle c te d in c o u ntries
a lo n g th e Be lt a n d R o a d .
d . B& R in tends to s tr e n gthe n f in a ncial r e g u la tion
c o o p eration, en c o urage th e s ig ning of Mo U s on
c o o p eration in b ila te ral f in a nc ia l r e g ulation, a n d e s ta b lish
a n e ff icient r eg ula tion c o o rdina tion me c h a n ism in th e
r e g ion. B& R als o a ims to imp r ove th e s ys te m o f r is k
r e s p onse an d cr is is ma n a g e me n t, b u ild a r e g iona l f in a nc ia l
r is k ear ly -warning s ys te m, a n d c r e a te a n e x c h ange a n d
co o p eration mech an ism o f ad d ressing cr o ss -border r isks
a n d c r is is.
e. B& R ex p ect to in c r e ase c r o s s -border e x c h a nge and
c o o p era tion b e tw e e n c r e d it in v e stiga tion r e g u la tors, c r e d it
in v e stiga tion in s titutions a n d c r e d it r a ting in s titutions. T h is
w o u ld g iv e f u ll p lay to th e r o le o f th e S ilk Ro ad F u n d an d
th a t o f s o v e re ign w e a lth f u n ds o f c o u n tries a lo n g th e B & R ,
a n d e n c o ura ge c o mme r c ia l e q u ity in v e stme nt f u n ds a n d
p r iva te f u n ds to p ar ticipate in th e co n struction o f k ey
p r oje c ts o f th e I n itiative .
B. Responsible financing in B&R

a. I n p r omo ting th e f a c ilitie s c o nne c tivitie s, o r th e k e y

in f ra structure co n structions n e tw orks b e tw ee n A s ia ,
E u r o pe an d A f r ica, th e B& R s p e c ifica lly e mp h a s iz e u p o n
‘ e fforts s h o uld b e ma d e to p r omo te g r e e n a n d lo w - c arbon
in f rastructure co n struction an d o p eration man ag emen t,
ta k in g in to f u ll acc o unt th e imp a c t o f c lima te c h a n ge o n th e
c o n s truction’ ( Belt a n d Ro a d I n itia tive, 2 0 1 5)
b . A n d f o r mu tu al in v e stme n t a n d s tr e ngthe ne d c o o p era tion
in v a r ious s e c tors s u c h a s ‘ a griculture , f o res try,
a n ima l h u s b andry and f is he rie s, a g r icultura l
mach in e ry ma n u f acturing an d f arm p r o duce p r o cessing’,
th e B& R e n c o urage s in p a r ticular th e e n v ironme ntal
p r o te c tion in d us tries, a n d r e in forc e j o int e fforts in
d ev e loping n e w clear en ergy lik e ‘ h yd ropower, n u clear
p o w e r, w in d p o w e r, s o la r p o we r and o th er c le a n ,
r e n e w able e n e rgy s o u rc e s’(B elt a n d R o a d I n itia tive,
2 0 1 5).
c. T h e B& R is ex p e c ted to p r o mo te e c o logical p r o gress in
co n d ucting in v estmen t an d tr ad e, in cr ease co o p eration in
c o n s erving eco - environme nt, p r o tec ting b io d ive rsity, a n d
ta c k ling climate c h a n ge , a n d j o in h a n d s to ma k e th e S ilk
Ro ad an en v ironmen t -friendly o n e.

• I n th is g lo b aliz a tion p r o ce ss, th e B& R s tr e s ses u p o n

th e g r een eco n omy d iscourse, w h ich aims to
‘ p r omo te eco lo gic a l p r o gre ss in c o n duc ting in v es tme n t
a n d tr ade, in cr ea se c o o pe ration in c o n s erving eco -
e n v ironment, p r o te cting b io diversity, a n d ta c k ling c lima te
c h a n ge, an d j o in h a n ds to ma k e th e S ilk Ro a d a n
e nviron ment -fr iend ly on e’ (Be lt and Ro ad In itia tive , 2015).
• B&R en co urage r elated Ch in ese en ter prises p ar ticipating in
p r oje c ts in o th er co u n trie s a lo n g th e B& R to ‘ ta k e s o c ia l
r e s p onsibilities in p r o te cting lo c a l b iodivers ity a n d e c o -
en v ironment’ in th e p r o cess o f b o o sting th e lo cal eco n omy an d th e
g e n e ra l s o cial w elf are ’ ( Be lt a n d Ro a d I n itia tive, 2 0 1 5)..
d. B&R w elco mes co mp anies fro m all countr ies to inv est in Ch in a,
a n d e n co urages Ch in e se e n te r pris es to p a r tic ipa te in
in f ra structure co n s truction in o th e r c o u ntrie s a lo n g B& R, a n d
mak e in d u strial in v estmen ts th er e.

• B& R w ill s u p port lo c a lize d o p e r a tion a n d ma n a g e me n t o f

Ch in ese co mp an ies to b o o st th e lo cal eco n omy, in cr ease lo cal
e mp lo ymen t, imp r ove lo c a l liv e lihoods, a n d ta k e s o c ia l
r e s p onsibilities in p r o te c ting lo c a l b io diversity a n d e c o -
en v ironment.
e. B& R in ten ds to in c r e a se e x c h ange s and c o o p era tion
b e tw e en n o n governme ntal o rg a niz ations o f c o u n tries a lo n g th e
B&R, o rganize p u blic in terest activities co n cerning
e d u c a tion, h ealthcare , p o v e rty r e d uc tion, b io d ive rsity a n d
e c o lo gical p r o tection f o r th e b e n e fit o f th e g e n e ra l p u b lic, a n d
imp r o ve th e p r oduction an d liv ing co n ditions o f p o v erty -
s tr ic ken ar eas alo n g th e Be lt a n d Ro a d .

• B& R w ill en h a nc e in te rna tiona l e x c h a nges and

c o o p eration o n cu ltu re a n d me d ia , a n d le v e r age th e a c tiv e r o le
o f th e I n ternet a n d n e w me d ia to o ls to f o s te r
h ar mo nio us an d f r iendly cu ltural en v ironment an d p u b lic
o p inion.
IV. Regional and inter-governmental financial
coordination and cooperation
A. Silk road fund

a. P u r pose an d O b j ec tive s
• T h e F u n d w as es ta blis hed in Be ij ing o n D e c e mb e r 2 9 ,
2 0 1 4, w ith in v estme nt f r om th e S ta te A d min istration o f
F o r e ign E x ch ange of Ch in a , Ch in a I n v e stme n t
Co r p oration, E x p ort -Imp ort Ba n k o f Ch in a a n d Ch in a
D e v e lopmen t Ban k .
• F o llowing a p h ilosophy o f o p e nne ss , in c lusive ness a n d
mu tu al b en efit, th e F u n d ma in ly p r ovide s in v e s tme nt a n d
f in ancing s u p p ort f o r tr ad e an d eco n o mic co o p eration an d
c o n n ectivity u n d e r th e f r a me w ork o f th e B& R.

• I n c o llaboration w ith d o me s tic a n d in te r nationa l

e n ter prises an d f in a nc ial in s titutions , th e F u n d is
d e s igned to p r o mo te c o mmo n d e v e lopme nt a n d p r o spe rity
o f Ch in a an d o th er co u n tries an d r eg ions in v o lved in th e
Be lt an d Ro ad I n itiative .
b. C o r p orate cu ltu re

• Mis s ion: E n d o w ed w ith a mis s io n to s e r v e th e B & R a n d

b o o st in ter-connectivity; co mmitted to p r o viding
in v e stment an d f in a nc ing s u p port f o r e c o n omic a n d tr a d e
c o o p eration an d co n n ec tivity u n d e r th e f r a me w ork o f th e
B&R.
• I n nova tion: By in v e s tme nt a n d f in a nc ing to o ls, e x p a nding
in to n ew targ et ma r k e ts a n d b u s ine ss f ie ld s to e x p lore a
n e w r o ad to s u s taina bility.
• P r ofe ss iona l e x c e lle nc e: B y f o llow ing b e s t p r a c tice a n d th e
h ig he st s tan dards o f c o n duct, c o mmitte d to b u ilding a
w o r ld -clas s p r ofessional in vestment in stitution b ased o n
th e p r in ciples o f ma r k e t o r ie nta tion, in te r na tional s ta n da rds
a n d p r o fes sional ex c e llenc e .

• Mu tua l b e n e fit: w o r king w ith p a r tners a s e q u a ls f o r mu tu a l

b e n e fit, in a b id to a c h ieve c o mmo n d e v e lopme n t a n d
p r o sperity u n d er th e Be lt a n d Ro a d I n itiative .
c. P o s itioning an d in v e stme nt p h ilosophy

• T h e F u n d is a me d iu m to lo n g -term d e v e lopme n t a n d
in v estment f u n d. T h r ough a v ar iety o f f o r ms o f in v estment an d
f in a nc ings, p r imar ily e q u ity in v e s tme n t, th e F u n d is d e d ic a te d
to s u p p orting in f ra struc ture , r e s o urce s a n d e n e rgy
d e v e lopment, in d ustria l c a p a c ity c o o pera tion a n d f in a ncial
c o o p eration in co u n trie s a n d r e g ions in v o lve d in th e Be lt a n d
Ro a d I n itiative to en s u re me d iu m a n d lo n g - te r m f ina nc ia l
s u s ta inability an d r e a s ona ble r e turns o n in v e stme nt.
• T h e F u n d mak es in v e stme n t d e c isions b a s e d o n ma r k e t
p r inciples, in terna tional p r a c tic e a n d p r o fess iona l s ta n da rd.

• T h e F u n d in v ests in e q u ity, d e b t a n d o th e r f u n ds. I t c a n

work w ith interna tion al d ev elop me nt organ iza tions,
d o mes tic an d o v erse a s f in a nc ia l in s titutions to j o intly s e t
u p f u n ds, o r ma n a g e e n tr uste d a s s e ts a n d c o mmis s ion
o th e rs to in v es t. S p e c ific a lly, th e F u n d r e s pe c ts u n ive rsa l
in te rnational s tanda rds a n d n o r ms , a n d f o llows th e la w s
a n d r eg ulations o f C h in a a n d th e h o s t c o u n trie s.
• T h e F u n d als o p ays c lo s e a tte n tion to e n v ironme n ta l is s u es
and s u s tainable d e v e lopme n t, and a c tiv e ly w o r ks to
a d d re ss its s o c ia l r e s p onsibilitie s. T h e F u n d w o r k s to b r in g
th e p e o p les in v olved in th e Belt an d Ro ad I n itiative clo s er
to b u ild a s p a r tners a n o p e n c o o pe ration p la tform f o r a
b e tte r f u tu re.
Shareholder structure of Silk Road Fund
d . L o g o imp lication
• T h e b as ic eleme n ts o f th e F u n d’s lo g o a r e w a v y lin e s ,
w ith th e u p p er lin es r e p r es enting s a n d w a v e s in d e s e rt a n d
th e lo w er lin es r ep re senting o c e a n w a v e s .
• T h e tw o g r o ups o f lin e s me e t in th e mid d le , s ig nifying th e
F u n d’s mis s io n of s e r ving th e Be lt and Ro a d and
p r o mo ting co n n ectivity.

• T h e tw o g r o ups o f lin e s a r e in th e s h a p e o f w ith a s q u a re

h o le in th e cen ter lik e an an cien t Ch in ese co in , sig nifying
th a t th e d irection o f th e F u n d’s d e v e lopme n t f o llows
ma r k et -orientation, in te r nationa l s ta n da rd a n d p r o fes siona l
ex cellence.

• T h e main co lo r o f th e lo g o is g o ld , r e p r es enting w a r mth a n d

p r o sperity as w ell a s s ymb o liz ing w e a lth .
e. P r o jects an d p r o grams
• A s a med iu m to lo n g -term d e v e lopme n t a n d in v es tme n t
f u n d, th e Fund f o llows a p h ilosophy of o p e n nes s,
in c lu siveness an d mu tu a l b e n e fit.

• T h e F u n d is alw a ys in c o n ta c t w ith ma n y g o ve rnme nt

a g e n cies, en terpris es, f in anc ial in s titutions a t h o me a n d
a b r oad, an d a c tiv e ly e x p lore s c o o p era tion
w ith in ternational o rg aniza tions. S in c e th e Fund
w a s es tab lished, its ma n a g e me n t h a s v is ite d ma n y
c o u n tries an d r eg ions a n d r e c e ive d v is its o f imp o r tant
d e le g ations .
• T h is h as h elp ed r ele v a nt c o u ntrie s a n d r e g ions to h a v e a
b e tte r u n d erstanding o f th e Be lt a n d Ro a d I n itia tive a n d th e
F u n d an d h as b r o adened ar eas f o r co o p eration. Th e F u n d
s in c e rely h o p es to j o in h a n ds w ith d o me s tic a n d f o r e ign
in v e stors an d w o rk c lo se ly w ith b u s ine ss a n d f in anc ia l
c o mmu n ities f o r r ea liz ing th e b r ig ht p r o spe c t o f th e Be lt
a n d Ro ad I n itiative .
B. T h e A s ian I n frastructure I n v estme nt Ba n k ( A I IB)

a. I n troduction
• T h e A s ian I n frastructure I n ves tme n t Ba n k ( A IIB) is a n
in ternational f in ancial in stitution th at aims to su p port th e
b u ilding o f in f rastructure in th e A s ia -P ac ific r e g ion. T h e
b a n k h as 5 7 memb e r s , a ll o f w h ic h h a v e s ig ne d th e
A r tic les o f A g r eeme nt th a t f o rm th e le g a l b a s is f o r th e
b a n k . Maj o r eco n omie s th a t d id n o t j o in in c lu de th e U n ite d
S ta te s , J ap an an d Ca n a d a .
• T h e b an k s tar ted o p e ra tion a f te r th e a g r e e me n t e n te re d in to
f o r ce o n 2 5 D ece mb e r 2 0 15, a f te r r a tific a tions w e r e
r eceived f r o m 1 0 memb er states h o lding a to tal n u mb er o f
5 0 % o f th e in itial s u b sc riptions o f th e A u th orize d Ca p ita l
S to c k. T h e cap ital o f th e b a n k is $ 1 0 0 b illion, e q u iva lent to
2 /3 o f th e cap ital o f th e A s ia n D e v e lopme nt Ba n k a n d
a b o u t h alf that o f th e Wo rld Ba n k .

• Th e A I I B w ill p u t in p lace str o ng p o licies o n g o v ernance,

a c c o u ntability, f in anc ia l, p r o c ure me n t a n d e n v ironme nta l
a n d s o cial f r amew orks.
• A s a mu ltilateral d e v e lopme nt b a n k ( MD B) c o n c e ived f o r th e
2 1 s t c e n tury, th e Ban k 's f o undation is b u ilt o n th e
le s s o ns o f e x p e rie nc e o f e x is ting MD B s a n d th e p r iv ate
s e c to r. I ts mo d u s o p e ra ndi w ill b e le a n , c le a n a n d g r e e n:

➢ le a n , w ith a s mall eff icie nt ma n a g e me n t te a m a n d h ig h ly

s k illed s ta ff;

➢ c le a n , an eth ical o rga niz a tion w ith z e r o to le ranc e f o r

c o r ruption;

➢ and g r een, an in s titution b u ilt on r e s p e ct for th e

e n v ironme nt.
• A s a mo d er n k n o w le dge -ba se d in s titution, th e b a n k w ill f o c us
o n th e d ev elopmen t o f in f ras truc ture a n d o th er p r o ductive
s e c to rs in A s ia, in c luding e n e rgy a n d p o w e r, tr a n sporta tion
a n d te leco mmu n ications , r u r a l in f r as truc ture a n d a g r iculture
d e v e lopment, w ater s u p ply a n d s a n itation, e n v ironme n ta l
p r o te c tion, u r ban d e v e lopme n t a n d lo g istic s, e tc .

• T h e o p er ational s tr a te gy a n d p r io rity a r e a s o f e n g a g eme n t ma y

b e r ev ised o r f u r ther r ef ined b y its g o v erning b o ards in th e
f u ture as cir cu ms tanc e s ma y w a r r ant.
• A I IB w ill co mp leme n t a n d c o o pera te w ith th e e x isting
MD Bs to j o intly ad d re ss th e d a u n ting in f r astructure n e e d s in
A s ia . T h e Ban k 's o p e n ne ss a n d in c lusive ness r e f lec t its
mu ltilateral n atu re. A I I B w elco mes all r eg ional an d n o n -
r e g ional co u ntries, d e v eloping a n d d e v e lope d c o u ntrie s,
th a t s eek to co n tribute to A s ia n in f r as truc ture d e v e lopme nt
an d r eg ional co n n ectivity.
b . H is tory
• Ch in ese P r esident X i J in ping a n d P r e mie r L i K e q ia ng
a n n o unce d th e A I I B in itia tive d u r ing th e ir r e s p e ctive v is its
to S o u thea st A s ian co u n tries in O cto ber 2 0 1 3. T h e A I I B
w a s e n v isa ged " to p r o mo te in te r conne ctivity a n d e c o n omic
in te gra tion in th e r e g ion" a n d " c o ope rate w ith e x is ting
mu ltila tera l d e v e lopment b an k s".

• F o llowing th is a n n ounc eme n t, b ila te ral a n d mu ltilatera l

d is c us sions and c o n sultations c o mme n c e d on
c o r e p r in ciple s a n d k e y e le me n ts f o r e s ta b lishing th e B a n k .
• R e p r esentatives f r o m 2 2 c o u n tries s ig n ed th e O c to b er 2 0 1 4
Me mo r an dum o f U n d e rs ta nding ( Mo U ) to e s ta blis h th e
A I I B an d Beij ing w as selected to h o st Ban k h ead quarters.

• Mr. Jin L iq u n w as ap p ointed as th e S ecr etary G en er al o f th e

Mu ltilateral I n terim S e c re tariat. T h e S e c r e ta ria t w a s
ta s k e d to p er f orm te c h nica l p r e pa ra tions f o r e s ta blishing
th e A I I B an d to p r o vide tech n ical su p p ort an d ser v ices f o r
th e Ch ief N eg o tiators' Me e tings .
• T h e P r o spective F o u nding Me mb e r s ( P F Ms) e s ta blis hed
th e Ch ief N eg o tia tors Me e ting ( CN M) a s th e f o rum f o r
P F Ms to n eg otiate an d ag r ee o n A I IB's A r ticles of
A g r e ement ( th e A r tic le s) a n d o th e r is s ue s r e la te d to th e
Ba n k 's es tab lishme n t.

• T h e f ir s t CN M w as h e ld in N o v e mb er 2 0 1 4 in K u n min g,
Ch in a. A s eco n d CN M in Mu mb a i, I n d ia ( J a n uary 2 0 1 5)
lau n ched d is cuss ions o n th e d r af t A r ticles. I t w as f o llowed
b y a th ir d CN M in A lma ty, K a z a k h stan in Ma r c h 2 0 1 5.
• By th e d ead line o f Ma r c h 31st for s u b mis sion of
me mb e r s h ip a p p lica tions, th e P r os pec tive F o unding
Me mb e r s h a d in c r ea se d to 5 7 , a n d th e 4 th C N M w a s
o rg aniz ed in Be ij in g in A p r il 2 0 1 5. T h e f in a l te x t o f th e
A r tic le s w a s a d o p ted b y th e 5 th CN M o n May 2 2 , 2 0 1 5 in
S in g apore . T h e A r tic le s w e r e s ig ne d b y a ll 5 7 P F Ms
b e tw e e n J u n e 2 9 , 2 0 1 5 a n d D e c e mb e r 3 1 , 2 0 1 5.
• T h e A r ticles en te red in to f o r ce o n D e c e mb e r 2 5 , 2 0 1 5,
w h e n in s tr uments o f r a tif ic ation h a d b e e n d e p o site d b y 1 7
S ig n atories w ith in itia l c a p ita l s u b sc riptions to ta ling 5 0 . 1 %
of th e s h ares allo cated. ( U pdated in f ormation on
me mb er s h ip s tatus ma y be f o u nd h e r e ). Re ma in in g
S ig n atories th at h a v e n o t ye t d e p o site d th e ir in s trume n ts o f
r atification ar e ex p ected to d o so b y D ecemb er 3 1 , 2 0 1 6.
c. D iff erent v iew s o n A I I BA
• Ch in ese v iew

➢ F o s tering lo n g -term e c o n omic d e v elopme nt: T h e A s ia n

I n f rastructure I n ve stme n t Ba n k c a n b e c o n s true d a s a
n a tu ral in ter national e x te n sion o f th e in f ras truc ture -drive n
e c o n omic d ev elopme n t f r a me w ork th a t h a s s u s ta ine d th e
r a p id eco n o mic g r o wth o f Ch in a s in c e th e a d o ption o f th e
Ch in ese eco n o mic r e f orm u n d e r Mr D e n g X ia o ping.

➢ I t s te ms f r o m th e n o tion th a t lo n g -term e c o n o mic g r o wth c a n

o n ly b e ach ieved th r o ugh massiv e, systematic, an d
b r o ad -based in v estme nts in in f r as truc ture a s s e ts – in
co n tra st w ith th e mo r e s h ort -te rm " e x port -driven" a n d
"d o me s tic co n s ump tion" d e v e lopme n t mo d e ls f a v ore d b y
ma in s tr eam N eo cla ss ic al e c o n omists and p u r sue d
in c o nsiderately b y ma n y d e v e loping c o u ntrie s in th e 1 9 9 0s a n d
th e f ir st d ecade o f th e 2 1 s t c e n tury w ith g e n e rally
d is a ppointing r es u lts.
➢ I n fra structure as r e g iona l in te gration a n d f o re ign p o licy
o r ie ntation: I n h is 2 9 Ma r c h 2 0 15 s p e ech a t th e Bo a o
F o r um f o r A s ia ( BFA ) a n n ua l c o nfe re nce , P r e side nt X i
s a id : “[ T ]h e Ch in e s e e c o n omy is d e e p ly in te g rate d w ith th e
g lo bal eco n omy an d f o r ms a n imp o r ta nt d r iving f o r ce o f th e
eco n omy o f A s ia an d ev en th e w o r ld at larg e. Ch in a‘s
in v e stment o p portunitie s are e x p a nding. I n ve stme n t
o p p ortunities in in f ras truc ture c o n ne ctivity a s w e ll a s in

n e w tech n ologies, n e w p r o ducts, n e w b u s ine ss p a tterns ,

a n d n ew b u s iness mo d e ls a r e c o n s ta ntly s p r inging u p ” .

➢ “ We s u pport th e mu ltilatera l tr a ding s ys te m, d e vote
o u r se lve s to th e D o h a R o u n d n e g otia tions, a d v oca te th e
A s ia - Pacific f r ee tr a de z o n e , p r o mote n e g otia tions o n
r e g iona l c o mp r e hens ive e c o n omic p a r tne rship, a d v oc ate
th e c o n s truc tion o f th e A s ia n I n fra structure I n ves tme n t
B a n k ( A I IB), b o o st e c o n omic a n d f in a nc ial c o o p era tion in
a n a ll- round man n e r, a n d w o r k a s a n a c tiv e p r o moter o f
e c o n omic g lo ba liza tion a n d r e g iona l in te gra tion” .

➢ X i in s isted als o th a t th e S ilk R o a d F u n d a n d th e A s ia n

I n f rastructure I n v es tme n t B a n k w o u ld f o s te r “ e c o n omic
co n n ec tivity an d a n e w -type o f in d u strializ a tion [ in th e
A s ia P acif ic ar ea], and [ th us] p r o mote th e c o mmo n
d ev elopment o f all co u n tries as w ell as th e p eo p les' j o int
en j oymen t o f d ev elopme n t f r uits ."
• Pros
➢ T h e U n ited N atio ns h a s a d d re sse d th e la u n c h o f A I I B a s
h a v ing p o ten tial f o r “ s c a ling u p f in a nc ing f o r s u s ta inable
d e v elopment” for th e c o n c e rn of g lo ba l e c o n o mic
g o v ernance.

➢ U K s tated th at j o ining th e b a n k a s a f o unding me mb e r

w o u ld allo w th e U K to in f luence th e d ev elopment o f th e
in s titution. By e n c oura ging Ch in ese in v e stme nts in
th e n ex t g en erations of n u c le a r power p la n ts ,
O sb o rne an n ounced th at "th e City o f Lo n d on w o u ld
b e c o me th e b as e f o r th e f ir st c le a r ing h o u s e f o r th e yu a n
o u ts ide A s ia. ”
➢ G e r ma n F in an ce Min ister Wolfgang S c h ä uble s ta te d, “ We
w a n t to co n tribute o u r lo n g -sta nding e x p erienc e w ith
in ternational f inancial in stitutions to th e cr eation o f th e
n e w b an k b y s etting h ig h s ta n d ards a n d h e lp ing th e b a n k to
g e t a h ig h in ter nationa l r e p utation. ”

➢ I n Ma r ch 2 0 1 5, th e S o u th K o r e a n Min is try o f S tr a tegy a n d

F in a nce an n ounced th a t it, to o , is p la nning to j o in th e
A I I B, citin g its p o tential in h elp ing S o u th K o r ean
c o mp an ies w in d ea ls in in f r astructural p r o jec ts a s w e ll
e x p anding S o uth K o r e a 's in flue nce in in te rna tional
b an king as a f o u nding memb er.
• O th e r v iew s
G e o p olitical imp lication in A s ia a n d b e yo n d

➢ S o me th ink -tanks o b se rve th a t th e e s ta blishme n t o f th e

B e ij ing -based AIIB “ n e e d n’t tr ig ger v a in
g eo p olitical r iv alries. Ch in a an d th e West can w o rk
s u c c essfully to g ethe r to b u ild a mo r e p r o spe rous, e q u ita ble
e c o n omic o r der ac r o s s th e A s ia - P ac ifi c r e g ion”

➢ A U K th in k tan k b e lie ve s th a t to “ j o in th e Ch in a -instigate d

A s ian I n f ras tructure I n v e stme n t B a n k [ … ] s h o w s o v e rdue
s tr a tegic clar ity, a n d a w a r e n ess a mo n g th e p o litic al
es tab lishme n t th a t f o reign p o licy to w ards Ch in a s h o uld
a im to a d v a nc e th e n a tiona l in te res t r a th er th a n p la c a te
Br ita in’s o th e r a llie s ”
d. I n v estment an d f in ancing p r o cedures

• P u r pose. T h e Ban k ’s p u r pose is , a s s ta te d in its A r tic le s,

“to f o s ter s u s tainable eco n omic d ev elopmen t,
c r e ate w ealth an d imp r o ve in f r as truc ture c o n n ec tivity in
A s ia b y in v esting in in f ra structure a n d o th e r p r o ductive
s e c to rs … ”

➢ To “ [ an d] p r o mo te r e g ional c o o p era tion a n d p a r tne rship in

a d d ress ing d ev elopme nt c h a lle nge s b y w o r king in
c lo s e co llab oration w ith o th er mu ltila tera l and
b ila teral d ev elopme nt in s titutions .”
• F u n ctions . “to p r o mo te in v estmen t in th e r eg ion … f o r
d e v e lopment p u rpos es, in p a r tic ula r f o r d e v e lopme nt o f
in f ra structure an d o th e r p r o ductive s e c to rs;”

➢ “ … to u tilize th e r e s o urce s a t its d is pos al f o r f ina nc ing

s u c h d ev elopment in th e r e g ion, in c lu ding th o se p r o jec ts
an d p r o grams w h ich w ill co n tribute mo st eff ectively to th e
h a r mo nious eco n o mic g r o wth o f th e r e g ion a s a w h o le ”

➢ “ . . . an d to s u p pleme n t p r iv ate in v es tme n t w h e n p r iva te

c a p ital is not a v a ilable on r e a s ona ble te r ms and
c o n d itions. ”
• O p e rating P r in ciples . To th is e n d , th e A r tic le s r e q uire th e
Bank to co n d uc t its o p e r ations a c c o rding to
cer tain p r inciples, in cluding, in ter alia, th e f o llowing :

➢ I t “ s h all b e g u ided b y s o u nd b a n king p r inciple s in its

o p erations. ”

➢ I ts o p erations “s h a ll p r o vide p r inc ipa lly f o r th e f in a ncing o f

s p e c ific p r o jects o r s p e cific in v e s tme n t p r o gra ms , f o r
e q u ity in v estment, a n d f o r te c h nica l a s s is ta nce .. .”

➢ I t “sh all n o t f in ance an y u n d ertaking in th e ter r itory o f a

me mb er if th at me mb e r o b je c ts to s u c h f in ancing.”
➢ I t “ s h all en s u re th at e a c h o f its o p e ra tions c o mp lie s w ith th e
Ba n k ’s o p erationa l a n d f in a ncial p o lic ies, in c luding
w ith out limitatio n, p o lic ies a d d re ssing e n v ironme n ta l a n d
so cial as p ects .”

➢ I n co n s idering an ap p lication f o r f in ancing, it “sh all p ay d u e

r e g a rd to th e ab ility o f th e r e c ip ie nt to o b ta in f in a ncing o r
f a c ilities els ew here o n te r ms a n d c o n ditions th a t th e
Ban k co n siders r easonable f o r th e r ecipient, tak ing in to
a c c o u nt all p er tine nt f a c tors. ”
➢ I n p r o viding o r g u ar ante eing f in a nc ing, it s h a ll “ p a y d u e
r e g a rd to th e p r o spec ts th a t th e r e c ipient a n d g u a r antor, if
a n y, w ill b e in a p o s ition to me e t th e ir o b liga tions u n d e r
th e f in ancing co n tract.”

➢ I t sh all “p lace n o r estriction u p o n th e p r ocurement o f

g o o ds an d s er vices f r om a n y c o u ntry f r o m th e p r o c ee ds o f
a n y f in ancing … ”, e tc
• F in a ncing S tr u cture s.

➢ T h e Ban k may h a v e g r e at f le xibility in s tr uc turing its

F in a nc ings. S p e c ific ally, th e y p e r mit th e B a n k to “ p r ovide
o r f a c ilitate f inancing to an y memb er, o r an y ag en cy,
in s trume n ta lity o r p o litic a l s u bdivision th e r eof, o r a n y
e n tity o r e n te rprise o p e ra ting in th e te r r itory o f a me mb e r,
as w e ll a s to in te rnational o r r eg ional ag en cies o r en tities
c o n c e rned w ith e c o n omic d e v e lopme nt o f th e A s ia r e g ion.”
➢ T h e Ban k may p r ovide f ina nc ing in a v a r ie ty o f w a ys ,
in c lu ding, in ter alia , ma k in g lo a n s, in v e sting in th e e q u ity
c a p ital o f an en te rprise , a n d g u a rantee ing, w h e the r a s
p r imar y o r s eco n dary o b ligor, in w h o le o r in p a r t, lo a n s f o r
e c o n omic d ev elopme n t.
➢ I n ad d ition, th e Ban k may u n d erwrite, o r p ar ticipate in th e
u n d erw riting of, s e c u ritie s is s u e d by any e n tity or
e n te r prise f o r p u r pose s c o n s istent w ith its p u r pose.
• F in a ncing Ter ms a n d Co n ditions. T h e A r tic les o u tline
c e r ta in co n s iderations th a t mu s t b e ta k e n in to a c c o u nt b y
th e Ban k w h en d eter mining th e ter ms o f its F in an cings.

• N o P o litical I n terference. Th e A r ticles p r o hibit th e Ban k

f r o m in terfering in th e p o litic a l a ff a irs o f its me mb e r s ,
s p e c ifying th at “[ t]h e Ba n k , its P r e s ide nt, o ff ic ers a n d s ta ff
sh all n o t in terfere in th e p o litical aff airs o f an y memb er,
n o r s h all th ey b e in f lue nce d in th e ir d e c isions b y th e
p o litical ch ar acter o f th e me mb e r c o n c erne d.”
• Relevant Considerations. The Articles require that “only
economic considerations” be relevant to the B a n k ’s
decisions. “Such considerations shall be weighed
impartially in order to achieve and carry out the purpose and
functions of the Bank.”
• Process applicable to all Financing

➢ Assessment of the Project

➢ D e s i g n o f F i n a n c i n g Te r m s a n d C o n d i t i o n s

➢ Decision to Provide Financing; Oversight of the Project

➢ Special Considerations and waivers of the policy

e. Re s p o nsible f in anc ing

• S tr ucture o f th e E n v ironme ntal a n d S o c ia l F r a me w o rk

➢ I n troduction an d Vis io n. T h e s e p r o vide a n o v e r vie w o f th e

Ba n k , th e E n v ironme nta l a n d S o c ia l F r a me w o rk’s s tr u c ture
a n d o b jectives an d th e a s p ir ations o f th e Ba n k c o n c erning:
( a ) e n v ironmental a n d s o c ia l s u s ta ina bility; a n d ( b ) its r o le
in meetin g th e c h a lle nge o f s u s ta ina ble d e v e lopme n t in
A sia.
➢ E n v ironme ntal a n d S o c ia l P o licy ( E S P ). T h is c o mp r ise s
ma n d atory en v ironme ntal a n d s o c ia l r e q u ire me nts f o r e a c h
P r o ject.

➢ E n v ironme ntal a n d S o c ia l S ta n dards. T h r e e a s s oc ia te d

ma n d atory en v ironme ntal a n d s o c ia l s ta n da rds ( E S S s ) s e t
o u t mo r e d etailed e n v ironme n ta l a n d s o c ia l r e q u ire me nts
r e la ting to th e f o llow ing: E S S 1 : E n v ironme ntal a n d S o c ia l
A s s e s smen t an d Ma n a ge me nt; ESS 2: I n volunta ry
Re s ettlement; an d E S S 3 : I n d igenous P e o p le s.

➢ E n v ironme ntal a n d S o c ia l E x c lu sion L is t. T h e B a n k w ill

n o t k n o wingly f in ance a P r o ject th at in v o lves activ ities o r
ite ms s p ecified in th is lis t ( E x c lusion L is t) .
• Vi s i o n a n d p r a c t i c e
➢ Meeting the Challenges. In order to meet the challenges of
sustainable development in Asia, the Bank seeks to
provide:

➢ Insight. Share insight and cutting-edge knowledge on the

e m e rg i n g i s s u e s a n d k e y t r e n d s t h a t d r i v e s u s t a i n a b l e
infrastructure and interconnectivity in Asia.

➢ Innovation. Develop new and sustainable approaches to meet

A s i a ’s i n f r a s t r u c t u r e c h a l l e n g e s , i n p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h g o v e r n m e n t ,
other multilateral development banks and bilateral development
o rg a n i z a t i o n s , t h e p r i v a t e s e c t o r a n d c i v i l s o c i e t y.
➢ I n v estment. P r ovide f ina nc ia l r e s ourc e s to s u p port th e
d e v e lopme nt and o p e ration of new and e x is ting
in f ra struc ture in a co s t-effective, su stainable an d
time ly ma n n e r.

➢ I n te gration. A s s u re in te g ra tion o f e n v ironme n ta l a n d s o c ia l

s u s ta ina bility a s a c o r e e le me n t in th e B a n k ’s p o lic ie s a n d
th e P r o je cts it f in a nc es.

➢ I n te grity. O p er ate in a tr a n spare nt ma n n e r to p r omo te

in s titutional an d in d ividua l in te grity a s k e y v a lue s in
d e v e lopme nt.
• I n t e g r a t i o n o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d S o c i a l S u s t a i n a b i l i t y.

➢ The Bank supports infrastructure and interconnectivity to

promote economic growth and improve the lives of people in
Asia.

➢ Consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs), the Bank recognizes the need to address the three
dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and
e n v i r o n m e n t a l – i n a b a l a n c e d a n d i n t e g r a t e d m a n n e r.

➢ In addressing the development challenges of Asia, the

Bank subscribes to the principles of sustainable
development in the identification, preparation and
implementation of Projects.
• S o c ial D ev elo pment a n d I n c lusion. T h e Ba n k b e lie ve s th a t
so cial d ev elopment an d in clusion ar e cr itical f o r
s o u nd d ev elopmen t.

➢ F o r th e Ban k , in clusion mean s emp o w ering p eo ple to

p a r ticipate in , an d b e n e fit f r o m, th e d e v e lopme nt p r o c ess
in a man n er co n sis te nt w ith lo c a l c o n ditions.
I n clusion en co mp asses p o licies to p r o mote eq u ity o f
o p p ortunity an d n o n -disc rimin ation, b y imp r oving th e
a c c e s s o f p o or, d is a dva ntage d a n d d is a bled p e o ple to
e d u c ation, h ealth, s o c ia l p r o te ction, h o u sing,
e n v ironmental q u a lity, a n d q u a lity, a n d in fra struc ture ,
a ff ordable en ergy, w a te r a n d s a n ita tion, e mp lo yme n t,
f in a ncial s er vices a n d p r o ductive a s s e ts .
➢ I n c lusion als o emb r a c e s a c tio n to r e mo v e b ar riers a g a in st
v u lne rable g r oups, w h o a r e o f te n e x c lude d f r o m th e
d ev elopme nt p r o cess , an d to en s u re th at th eir v o ices can b e
h e a r d. I n th is r e g a rd, th e B a n k s e e k s , th r o ugh th e P r o je cts it
f in a nc es, to b e s u p portive o f th e s e h u ma n r ig h ts a n d to
e n c o ura ge r e s pe c t f o r th e m, in a ma n n e r c o n s iste nt w ith its
A r tic le s o f A g r e eme n t.
• Ro le in d ecis ion -ma k ing.

➢ For th e p r inciples of e n v ironme n ta l and s o c ia l

s u s ta ina bility to b e e ff e c tively in te gra ted in to p o lic ie s a n d
P r o jec ts , th e Ba n k b elieves th at th ey s h o uld b eco me p ar t
o f r o u tine d e c is ion-ma k ing p r o ce sse s a n d th a t
e n v ironme nta l a n d s o c ial r is k s and imp a c ts
s h o uld r e c e ive f u ll co n s ideration in th e
id e n tific a tion, p r e para tion, imp le me n ta tion a n d
e v a lu ation o f a ll P r o jec ts .
• L e a d ing Ro le o f th e Clie n t.
• A n E mp h as is o n I mp lemen tation.
• S tr e ngthening o f Co u n try a n d Co r p orate S ys te ms .
• S ta k eholder E n g age me nt.
• I mp o rtance o f G en d er E q u a lity.
• Tr e a tment o f L ab o r.
• Me a s ures f o r Clima te Ch a n ge .
• Co n s erving Bio d ive rsity
• S u p port f o r G r een E c o n o mic G r o w th.
• A n d o th er p r in ciple s.
E . O th e r in ternational f in a nc ia l c o - ope ration in th e c o n te xt o f
B& R

China- Latin America Industrial Capacity

Joint Investment Fund
F. New Development Bank
V. BRI progress in the critical moment of Covid -
19

A . A mid 2 0 2 0’s u n pre c ede nte d d iffic ultie s, o u tbound

d ir ec t in v e s tme n t u n der th e BRI r eached CN Y 9 8
b illion f r om J a n ua ry to O c to b er 2 0 2 0, w h ic h r e p r ese nts
a n in c r e ase o f 3 . 6 % f r om th e s a me p e riod la s t ye a r.
S o me BRI p r ojec ts h a v e s h o wn g r e a t r e s ilie nce a n d a r e
s u p porting th e f ig ht a g a in st th e p a n d e mic u n p rec e dented
c h a lle nges .
• For ex ample, the Chin a - EU tr ain pr esents a “lif e -saving ”
c h a n nel to tr a n sport mu c h - ne ede d me d ic a l a n d p r o tec tive
ma te r ials to s o me E u r opea n c o u ntrie s a n d h e lp
main tain an d s tab ilize th e n o r mal f u nctioning o f
in d us trial s u p ply c h a ins , a s r e p orte d b y th e E u r ope a n
S ilk Ro ad S u mmit h o s ted b y th e P r o me d ia G r o up in th e
N e th erlands.

.
.
.
.
.
C. O n -going BRI p r ojects in times o f w o r ld -w ide p an d emic

• O v er 140 Ch in ese w o r kers h av e b een d ev oted to th e

c o n s truction o f P e lje sa c Br idge , th e b ig ge st
in f ra structure p r o jec t in Cr o a tia . Co n s truc tion o f th e b r idge ,
o n ce d elayed b y th e p an demic, is set to p ick u p sp eed,
th a n ks to th e o u tput o f th o s e w e ld e rs.
.
D . Ch in a’s d o n ations in h e lp ing BRI c o u n tries

• The P RC h as d o n ated te s ting k its , p e r s onal

p r o tective eq u ipme nt, ma s k s , a n d me d ic a l s u p plie s to
Ba n g lades h, th e Ma ld ive s, N e p a l, P a k is ta n, and Sri
L a n k a. It h as a ls o e x te n de d e me rg e n t lo a n to S r i L a n k a
a n d s en t a team o f e x p e rts to Ba n g la de sh to tr e a t p a tie nts
a n d tr ain med ical p r o fe ssionals in th e c o u ntry. I n P a k istan,
Ch in a is b u ilding a ma k e s h ift h o s pita l in a d d ition to
su p plying v en tilators.
E . Va c c ine d o n ation a n d th e n e w H e a lth S ilk Ro a d

• Ch in ese P r es ident X i J in p ing a n n ounc e d a t a Wo rld H e a lth

A s s e mb ly meetin g th a t Ch in a c o n sidere d its CO V I D - 1 9
v a c c ines to b e a “g lo ba l p u b lic g o o d”

• Mo r e co u n tries are a p p roving and b e g inning th e ir

v a c c ination p r o gra ms w ith Ch in e s e v a c c ine s, w h ic h h a v e
been d o n ated ten s of th o u sa nds of doses to 53
d e v e loping co u ntrie s a n d e x p o rte d to 2 7 , th e la te s t d a ta
s h o w ed.
• Xi Jinping has praised China as an exemplar in medical sciences
and highlighted the need to promote a “community of common
destiny for mankind” —the conceptual shorthand for
C h i n a ’s long-term strategic vision — in order to
strengthen international e p i d e m i c p r e v e n t i o n e ff o r t s .

• Although it has been resurrected for the corona virus crisis,

the Health Silk Road is hardly a new concept. Xi first used the
term during a visit to Geneva in January 2017, where he signed a
memorandum of understanding with the Wo r l d Health
O rg a n i z a t i o n (WHO) committing to the construction of a
“Health Silk Road” that would aim to improve public health in
c o u n t r i e s a l o n g C h i n a ’s B e l t a n d R o a d .

.
Now, let’s turn the table!
• How do you perceive B&R?

• What kind of international cooperation opportunities you

may prefer？Why?

• How would you comment on overseas practice

• by Chinese enterprises?
Thank
Yo u !