Present perfect vs Past simple

Present perfect
Strucutre Affirmative

Subject + Aux Verb (Have/Has) + Verb in participle + Complement

Ex: I have talked to the doctor

She has worked in radio stations

Structure negative

Subject + Aux Verb (Have/Has) + NOT + Verb in participle + Complement

Ex: I have not watched that movie

He has not called his grandmother

Functions present perfect

 La acción se inició en el pasado y continúa en el presente:
Have lives in Veracruz since 1990

 El tiempo de la realización de la acción no ha concluido:

They have gone to swim twice a week

 La acción se repite constantemente en un tiempo indeterminado entre el pasado y el

presente
She has visited that museum several times (Ella ha visitado ese museo varias veces)

 La acción concluyó recientemente. Para este uso de usa just.

He has just finished his homework (Él apenas terminó su tarea)
 El momento en que se realizó la acción no es relevante.
We haven’t watched Titanic (Nosotros no hemos visto Titanic)

Claves para reconocer el present perfect

 Just
 Already
  Yet
 For
 Since
 Ever
 How long

Past simple
Structure

Affirmative: Subject+ Verb in past +complement

Negative: Subject + did not + Verb normal

Calves para reconocer el past simple

 In
 Ago

Comparative adjectives
1.One-syllable adjective

Adjective + -er + than

Example: Brazil is bigger than Chile.

2.Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y

change the -y to -i and add -er

Example: People in Valparaiso are happier than those in Rancagua.

3. With two or more syllable adjective

More + adjective + than

Example: Dolphins are more intelligent than dogs.

Connectors
Sequence connectors: First, second, third, finally
Addition connectors: In addition, moreover, furthermore, another difference/similarity is…

Comparative connectors
Similarities: Similarity, both places are…, X is also a cold city, Likewise

Differences: However, On the one hand / On the other hand, but, Compared to X, Y is…,
Despite these differences/ similarities, X is better than Y, While, Although