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“Are alternatives to animal testing effective?”

INTRO
The world is constantly evolving, and therefore, the demand for living products
increases. 
A question that many scientists ask among themselves is “can we do science
without animal testing? “” is animal testing ever justified?”
Due to ethical issues, more people are standing for animal rights and ways to
minimize animal cruelty.
My name is Delma Vieira and today I will be talking about how effective the
alternatives to animal testing are.

SLIDE 1
More than 115 million animals are used for experiments every year, being
subjected for tests for medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
The reason behind the experimental use of animals is due the biological
similarity to humans, including similar health problems and their short life
cycles, this allows scientists to study the effect of chemicals over different
generations.
Millions of animals including dogs, cats, monkeys, mice, and rats are burned,
poisoned, abused, and crippled in labs. They are poisoned with chemicals,
infected with diseases, and live in barren cages until they eventually die.

SLIDE 2
In recent years, the practice of using animals for biomedical research has come
under severe criticism by animal protection and animal rights groups. Laws
have been passed in several countries to make the practice more ‘humane’.
Debates on the ethics of animal testing have raged since the seventeenth
century.
Animals in laboratories are frequently treated as objects that can be
manipulated at free will, with little value for their lives being the cost of
purchased, animals are held in sterile, living in isolated cages being forced to
suffer diseases and injuries

SLIDE 3
In addition to the ethical arguments against using animals in research, many
scientists, are increasingly questioning the scientific validity and reliability of
animal experimentation.

Animal studies do not reliably predict human outcomes.

 The very visible differences between humans and animals in terms of our
physiology, anatomy, and metabolism make it difficult to apply data derived
from animal studies to human conditions. 

Nine out of ten drugs that appear promising in animal studies go on to fail in
human clinical trials. Indeed, because of the inherent differences between
animals and humans, drugs and procedures that work in animals often end up
failing in humans.

There are many reasons what its essential to stop animal testing, I will be
mentioning the most important in the list, the first reason is the fact that is
dangerous for humans and using animals does not have accurate results,
because of the differences between animals and humans, the way that a
medicine might act on their body can be completely different from the way it
acts on our body.
Stopping will prevent the loss of animal life, since millions of animals die yearly
as a result of human experimentations. And it’s less expensive, yearly, the U.S
government spends around 3 million dollars on testing in animals, because of
different port, size and system its more expensive to test in animals.

SLIDE 4

Replacing animal tests does not mean putting human patients at risk. It also does
not mean halting medical progress. Instead, replacing animal testing will improve
the quality as well as the humaneness of our science.

Organ-on-a-chip systems are in vitro cell culture models in which the

microenvironment of human organs or tissues is mimicked on artificial
microstructures built on a microfluidic chip.

The chips are lined with living human cells and their tiny fluidic channels
reproduce blood and air flow, simulating the human body. Their flexibility
allows the chips to recreate breathing motions and undergo muscle
contractions
Organs on chip can effectively mimic human organs and are
commercially available at a reasonable cost, it provides great results and
is the most sustainable solution to animal testing.

SLIDE 6

They represent a huge step in advancements of technology and are very

useful for the treatment of diseases such as cancer and HIV. The multi
organs on chips can also allow us to witness the side effects of certain
drugs on different organs.
There are 4 main types of organ-on-chips.

SLIDE 9
Over 90% of new drugs that appear to be safe and effective in animals go on to
fail in human clinical trials. There is specific evidence for vaccines too. An
HIV/AIDS vaccine has been sought for more than three decades, with no success,
despite hundreds of clinical trials on dozens of vaccine types showing promise in
tests on monkeys.

Bibliografia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4594046/

https://crueltyfreeeurope.org/sites/default/files/CFE%20branded%20-
%20COVID-19%20and%20animal%20tests%20-%20110820.pdf

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-021-00313-z

https://www.elveflow.com/microfluidic-reviews/organs-on-chip-3d-cell-culture/
organs-chip-review/

https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2017/08/14/fda-tests-groundbreaking-human-
organs-on-a-chip.html

https://www.dazeddigital.com/beauty/article/52658/1/china-ends-mandatory-
animal-testing-for-a-majority-of-cosmetics?amp=1

https://sentientmedia.org/best-and-worst-countries-for-animal-rights/

https://www.tesd.net/cms/lib/PA01001259/Centricity/Domain/575/Animal
%20Research%20is%20NOT%20Necessary.pdf

https://www.peta.org/blog/top-five-reasons-stop-animal-testing/

https://www.volza.com/p/organ-on-chip/import/import-in-india/

https://navs.org/five-reasons-to-end-animal-testing/