1 The author aims to convince the readers especially those who are against animal testing into

supporting the action based on the results of various studies. Likewise, the author seeks to elaborate
whether or not it is rational to use animals as test subjects in medical and cosmetics fields. Thus, leaving
the audience/readers to decide whether to use or not the animals as subject for experimental testing.

The significance is to promote/advocate his preposition that many people have been benefited
on the positive result of animal testing. According to scientific research on animals, helps develop
antibiotics and other medications, as well as immunizations and surgical procedures. Animals are used in
the testing of consumer products such as perfumes and shampoos. Animals are also used to educate
students in biology, medicine, and related fields. Hence, animal testing is used for the advancement of
life both medical, industrial and economics

2 Based on his presentation of the text, the author could be a medical practitioner, is a wide
reader and a very good researcher. He sees to it that his statement is always supported by facts and
research-based. He is an scholar of his own field, exposed to many researches relevant to medicines.

The intended audience of this argument are the pet lovers and those who are against animal
testing and experimentation. Persons who have limited knowledge and understanding the importance
of using animals for experimentation for the welfare and advancement of humanity.

3 The claims of the author to support his side to use animals for testing are as follows;

First, millions of lives have been improved or saved as a result of animal testing. Second, animal testing
plays a huge role in developing successful vaccines for humans. Third, it is riskier on human trials it
possibly won’t work or are dangerous and also can cause side effects on human. And finally, the use of
animal models helps in improving the scientist’s understanding of human biology and health.

4 The appeal on the appeal on the text is presented in the positive side. Animals are essential in
assessing drugs and vaccine safety. Modern medication, vaccination and other treatments have been
made all possible by animal research. Animals are biologically very similar to humans, in fact mice share
more than 98% DNA with us. Animal models ensure the effectiveness and safety of the new cure or
treatments. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), it is riskier on human trials it possibly
won’t work or are dangerous and also can cause side effects on human. And on the contrary, its lack of
appeal is presented on the negative side. That animal experiments only prolong suffering of humans
waiting for effective cures because the results mislead experimenters and squander precious money,
time, and other resources that could be spent on human-relevant research. Animals are so worthless
that up to half of them are never even published.

The most striking part of the text is found at the last paragraph, re: Animal testing is necessary
because it is vital to our understanding of various diseases. Certain animals make the strongest test
subjects due to their vast similarities to humans. It means that is more economical and more practical to
use animals for testing and experimentation rather than to use nonanimal. And those animals used in
medical research are highly protected by laws, regulations and associations.

The lack of appeal is found on the last part of the third paragraph, telling the huge role of animals
for the successful development of vaccines for humans then immediately contradicting that the use of
animals is very much critical for biomedical research.
5 The author gave an emphasis on the fact that testing on animals has saved and improved
millions of lives. The action had an influential role in almost every medical breakthrough in the last 100
years and helped in developing safe vaccines for human in-take. Animal testing is necessary because it is
vital to our understanding of various diseases also due to their vast similarities to humans.

6. As presented by the author, there are counter claims of ideas that made the reader confused.
That animals are not good models for humans, and is supported also by observation that we are n ot
only large versions of lab rats-our bodies ( and mind) work differently. Animal testing should be
eliminated because it violates animal’s right, it causes pain and suffering to the experimental animals,
and other means of testing product toxicity are available.

Some hedging expressions is that animal experiments prolong the suffering of humans waiting for
effective cures because the results misleads experimenters and squander precious money, time, and
other resources that could be spent on human-relevant research and animals are so worthless that up of
them are never even published, thus the negative side strongly opposed the use of animals for
experiments.

Conclusion:

Animal research has provided us with the ability to achieve life -changing discoveries through
modern drugs, vaccines and various procedures. Testing on animals has saved and improved millions of
lives. Animal testing has benefited researchers in understanding how to treat and prevent various
conditions such as high blood pressures, diabetes, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, muscular dystrophy, and
Parkinson’s disease.

Research on animal models has advanced the understanding and development of clinical and
medical sciences. Correspondingly, it has directed the discovery of practically every single sort of
treatment, such as drugs and surgery. According to research, guinea pigs and frogs were heroes in the
process of inventing asthma inhalers. Meningitis C cases are now rare, going down to 700 cases per year
through the last decade, thanks to animal models that were used during the research process. Today, 8
out of 10 pediatric cases of acute leukemia will have an average 5-year survival rate, compared to 25
years ago, when 79% of kids who had the disease died with in 5 years. Likewise, kidney, heart, and other
organ transplant advances, and immunosuppressant therapies, were all developed using animal models.

Animals can also benefit from animal research as well. Animals and humans have many shared
conditions, diseases and genes. These shared properties are now well understood. Most veterinary
drugs are based on similar drugs used by humans. Diabetes studies in dogs and rabbits were performed
to explore the option of treatment with insulin. Today, insulin is a major treatment for many conditions
in animals. Therefore, while animal testing is necessary, it is certainly both economically and ethically
beneficial to seek out alternative models to greatly reducing the number of animals used for testing and
animal distress.