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There are many practical situation in which a quantity of

interest depends on the values of two or more variables
Let S be a subset of
R then (x, y) E s a unique real number in R.
LIMITOF A FUNCTION: (1, 2)
Let f be a furnction defined on Sc R2.The function f is said to tend I(limit
&v) (a, b) if VE> 0,36 > 0, such that
Ifay) - < e , V x,y) satisfying lI(x,y) - (a, b)|| <8.

Then we may write fay) l

im
-(ab)
= or

imfay) =lor fCx.y) -1 as (x,) (a, b)

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 The Limnit ofa Function
L that as x
The limit as x approaches
closer and closer to a
a
of
(x> a) f (a)
(on either side of a), f
= means
( ) must approach L.
gets
Here, f(a) does not need to exist for the limit to exist.

fra) = L

limf(x)=L
resentlng f(a) exists
TO REMEMBER

1-IfV (x, y) ER2,there is uniqye z assigned by f, then z=fx,y). Geometrically this

represents a surface

2-1Ifih fxy) = l&if y=0(*) is a function st. o(x) (b) as x - a

(y(.D)
then f x,Ø(x)]>las x a

3-To test limit flxy) does not exist

Find any two paths y=1) &y=02t%) in the domain of fst.

Jim fx,Ot)=48 ()-(a)

()-(a) Jimfo2)]=l2
if l l 2 then the limit of the function does not exist
The Limit of a Function
If the function values a s x approaches a from each side of a do not
yield the same function value, the function does not exist.

One Sided Limits

lim f)=h
>a
lim fX) =
L2

Since lim f ( x ) * 1lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) = DNE.

*>a
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Example:01: if f(x, y) =2xy then testlim fx,y) exists or not

y--0
2xy
Solution: Given
f(x, y)= lim fx,y) lmF =

y-0 y0

Take a path y =
mx, then lim m 2-m22 =
0 y0
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Example:02:iff(ay)= then testimfx,y) exdsts ornot
y-0

Solution: Given f(x, y) = lim

X-0 f(x, y) lim 4y
=

-0 y-0
Take two paths y & y= mx- then x-mx ?
=
mx
lim
y0
limfxy) lim s+m?z
(xy)-(0,0)
=

y-0

resenting
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Example: 02:iffx,y) = then
testlimfCx, y) exists or not
y-0

Solution: Giyen fxy) y

= lmf(ay) maayE =

0 y0

Take x*mx
two paths y= mx & y= mx" then
mA4y2 ) 2+m?
m y-0
(xim&y)= y-0
+m~
lim
X-0 1+m 1tm

It is easy to see that the limit depends on m and so for different values of m, we get
different limits. HENCE the limit of different paths are different (is not unique)

Hence the limit does not exist

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CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION:

A function f (x, y) defined on R2 is said to be continuous

at the point (a,b)

imfxy) =
(a, b)

Kind of Discontiniuity:?
 Continuity of a Function of Two Variables

Thefunction f )= y

is not continuous at (0, 0). However, because the limit at

this point exists, you can remove the discontinuity by
defining fat (0, 0) as being equal to its limit there. Sucha
discontinuity is called removable.

The function f . ) -

+
is not continuous at (0, 0), and this discontinuity is
nonremovable.

EAMPLES
RKIS presenting