NORMALITY

Normality (N) is defined as the number of mole equivalents per liter of solution:

Like molarity, normality relates the amount of solute to the total volume of solution;
however, normality is specifically used for acids and bases.
Normality Formula
Normality is a rarely used expression which indicates the concentration of a
solution. It is defined as the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution.

The reason normality is rarely used lies in the definition of gram equivalent
weight. Gram equivalent weight is determined by the amount of an ion that
reacts, which could change depending on the reaction. The fact that the gram
equivalent weight is not a consistent amount creates confusion and leads
scientists to use other concentration values.
Normality, when used, is typically done so in acid base reactions. Here, a more
favorable calculation for normality is considered, where the normality of a
solution is equal to the molarity multiplied by the number of equivalents.
Normality(N) = Molarity(M) x number of equivalents

How do I calculate the Normality of an acid or base from its Molarity?

There is a relationship between normality and molarity. Normality can only be

calculated when we deal with reactions, because Normality is a function of
equivalents. Normality refers to compounds that have multiple chemical
functionalities, such as sulfuric acid, H2SO4. A 1.0 M solution of H2SO4 will
contain only one mole of H2SO4 in 1 liter of solution, but if the solution is
titrated with a base, it will be shown to contain two moles of acid. This is
because a single molecule of H2SO4 contains two acidic protons (H+ Ions).
Thus, a 1 M solution of H2SO4 will be 2 N. The 'Normality' of a solution is the
'Molarity' multiplied by the number of equivalents per mole.
 EXERCISE # 1 Finals
March 23, 2021

Name: _____________________ Course/Year: ____________ Class Schedule: ________

Instruction: Interpret or give the analysis of the the following Expressions of Solution. Write
your answer on a bond paper and send it thru the email add that I gave you

1. What is meant by the following

a) 25 % by mass KCl ?
b) 30 % by mass NaCl ?
c) 40% by volume ethyl alacohol ?
d) 70 % by volume isopropyl alcohol ?

2. What is the relation between Normality and Molarity?