__ VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINERING soLLicg Ney 2014 A Mav e ww BK er TP.HCM. BK - OISP REPORT SOIL MECHANICS (Soil Investigation) Instructors: Le Trong Nghia Name: Le Duc Duy Student ID: 1752129 Ho Chi Minh City ‘Thursday, March 21% 2019CONTENTS 1 THEORY ‘A. HORBHOLE. (COKE) DRILLING. 1B. STANDAKD_FENETKATICN TEST (st) con PENETRAMION 65T CeP) ‘est esr ATEN + AMEN. A. EY, PLAN. / oREHOLE LoeATION PLAN. 4+ APPENDIX 6 BORING Loss ge AIRENDIX GROTECANICAL so. LES 4 AEN. ONE ENETRATION TEST. Cet) DATA. AND. CHART + SOME THAGES. ABOU. SPF AND. CPT et ee popes squat. gestA. BOREHOLE (CORE) DRO 1. Purpose Borehole diling isa crucial part of soil investigating process which i ‘compulsorily conducted in construction areas before building stage, it includes eilling, soil sampling, ste testing and data analyzing in laboratory. Usually, this work is used for these following purposes: > Determine thickness of soil layers > Collec sil sample (disturbed and undisturbed soil) for testing and ing physical properties (density, moisture content, Atterberg limits, te.) mechanical characteristics (unconfined erushing and tri-axial strength, consolidation, ete.) and chemistry (mineral or organic composition). > Determine Ground Water Level (G.W.1) > Take preparation for SPT (Standard Penetration Test) and CPT (Cone Penetration Test). analy ‘Thanks to data from drilling, we are able to make detailed plans for different building projects figure out solutions for geological modifications in ‘construction sites and determine proper positions for foundations of buildings. Apart from it, analyzed information from representative samples obtained daring field exploration is an important base for relevant studies in other departments. In our report, the collected figure was from couple of 10.5 meter-depth boreholes, 2. Equipment In order to take borehole drilling, we use wash boring system1, Supported frame 2. Pulley 3.Cable 4, Manual engine 5, Set back Bentonite soh 6. Drill ered 7.Deiling bite §. Bentonite tank 9, Standpipe 10, Hydrate pump 11, Adjustable wrench jon: The type of solution that replaces the soil removed from borehole, which must be capable of producing a colloidal film (stick ratio > 195%) that covers the surface of the soil to improve stability of the borehole wall, Its normally regained after cleaning the drill hole and used for the next driling,Drilling process consss of these below steps ‘Step 1: Decide dril positions setup drilling frame and building the casing ‘Step 2 : Set up truck system, stat the electronic generator ‘Step 3: Connect drill rod to cable and that to drill bite ‘Step 4: Start the drillng machine, put drilling into érilling point which is, surrounded by set back ‘Step + Connect other drilling rods tothe drilling system and go on ‘manipulation until reeching the necessary depth for taking soil sample ‘Sep 6: Pull the rod up, replace drill bite with original sampling pipe (core- ‘utter pipe) and put it into the borehole again ‘Step 7: Continuously hammer the sampling tube nto soil ayers at drilled position 80 ‘hat the tube submerge totally in sol ‘Step 8: Pull sampling tube up carefully so thatthe soil core inside is not disturbed, remove the tube from the system and sent i to laboratory ‘Step 9:. Carry out other tests before repeating from step 4 to reach deeper level.B.STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) 1, Purpose ‘The standard penetration testi an in-situ tet that is coming under the eategory of penetrometer tests. The standard penetration tests are carried out in borehole. By counting times of hammering, we can measure the resistance ofthe sol strata to the penetration undergone. A penetration empirical correlation is derived ‘between the soil properties and the penetration resistance, ‘The test is extremely useful for determining the relative density and the angle of shearing resistance of cohesionless soils, It can also be used to determine the ‘unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soils,2, Equipment ‘About technical devices, beside SPT takes advantage of equipment used to carry cout borehole drilling, tae testing system has some differences. ‘As shown inthe diagram, 0 63.5- Sis ky hammer i attached to cable, guide pipe, anvil are connected to one end of ailing rod while another end is connect witha Sip cso — spoon tube. Fp sow | 3] | of wenee Hy i a | ene ql ‘ Some Jeng ee eon 3. ProcedureBecause we carry out SPT after borehole drilling, it isn’t necessary to make preparation once more tine. The process just includes: ‘Step 1: Advance the borehole, atthe test location, using the auger. To start with ‘advance the bore hole for a depth of 0.5 m and clear the loose soil from the bore hole. ‘Step 2: Clean the split spoon sampler and apply a thin film of oil tothe inside face of the sampler. Connect an A-drill extension rod to the split spoon sampler. ‘Step 3: Slip the 63.6 kg weight on to the guide pipe assembly and connect the guide pipe assembly tothe other end of the A-dril rod. ‘Step 4: The chain connected to the driving weight is tied to the rope passing over the pulley at the ‘ipod head, The other end of the rope is pulled down ‘manually of with help of mechanical winch. By pulling the rope down, the drive weight, guide pipe assembly, A~drill rod and the split spoon sampler will get vertically erected. |A person should hold the guide pipe assembly split spoon sampler to be vertical with the falling weight lowered to the bottom of the guide assembly ‘Step 5: Now place a straight edge across the bore touching the A-drill od. Mark. the straight edge level all round the A-drill rod by any marker. From this ‘mark, measure up along the A-drill rod and mark 15 em, 30 em and 45 em above the straight edge level, Lift the driving weight to reach the top of the ‘Buide pipe assembly travel and allow it to fll freely. The fall of driving ight will transfer the impact load to the split spoon sampler, which drivethe split spoon sampler into the ground. Againliftthe drive weight to the top of travel and allow it to fall freely under its own weight from a height (of 75 em. asthe rumber of blows are applied, the split spoon sampler will penetrate into the ground and the first mark (15 em mark) on the drill rod ‘approaches the straight edge. ‘Simultaneously, count the number of blows required forthe first 15 em, second 15 em and the third 15 cm mark to cross down the straight edge. ‘The penetration ofthe first 15 em is considered asthe seating drive andthe numberof blows required for this penetration is noted but not accounted in Computing penetration resistance value. The total numberof blows required forthe renetration ofthe split spoon sampler by 2" and 3¥ 15 em is recorded asthe penetration resistance or N-value, Nae No¥ Ns ‘Step 6: After the completion of the split spoon sampler by 45 cm, pull out the whole assembly, Detach the split sampler from A= drill rod and o2en it out, Collet the soil ‘sample from the split spoon sampler into @ sampling bag. Store the sampling bag safely with an identification tag for laboratory investigation. ‘Step 7; Advance the bore hole by another I m or till a change of sol strata which ever is ealy ‘ ph ‘The testis repeated with advancement of bore hole tll the required depth of expleration is reached or till a refusal condition is encountered. Refusal condition is said to exist if the number of blows required for the last 30 em of penetration is more than 100. ‘The test will ke repeated in number of bore holes covering the site depending on the building area, importance of the structure and the ‘variation of the soil properties across the site. ‘Step 8: The SPT values are presented either in the form of a table or in the form. of bore log data. C. CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT)1. Seope Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is used for measuring cone resistance qcand skin fiction fof soils. From that, engineers are able to: > Estimate pile tip resistance > Estimate bearing capacity of pile > Determine the consistency of soil > Delineate soil stratigraphic structure 2, Equipment ‘There are 5 main devices used in CPT > Dutch cone mechine > Weight > Gauge > Cone rods > Cone penetrator: + Cone angle 60°+ Cross-sectien area of cone O-ring 10 em? * Area of cone sleeve 150 em* »3. Procedure ‘Step 1: Prepare and drive the penetrator to depth that wil be tested ‘Step 2: Press the core of con rod so thatthe penetrator goes 4-em depth into soil, Read value of X. ‘Step 3: Continue to press in order to drive penetrator more 6-cm depth. Read Yevalue ‘Step 4: Press the sleeve down by 10 cm to make equipment come back to its initial shape ‘Step 5: Record rests ‘Step 6: Repeat manipulation (from step 2) until we gain all necessary data. ASTM D-5776 Field Test Procedures -Continuous push at 20 mm/s “Add rods at 1-m vertical intervals Electronic Penetrometer| Inctinometer {= sleeve friction resistance Enlargement Readings takon ‘gs porewater pressure Evory 1 or em 4M ae cone tp rostetance 4‘est results Borehole I- Soil layer No.0: Peat, sandy clay with tree roots, darkish grey, very soft Depth: 0-0.8 m ‘No standard penetration test (SPT) Cone penetration test (CPT): qe= 16-+ 20 kG /-em? $= 027+ 0.4kG Jem" Ground water table: Soil layer No.1: Sandy clay, whitish grey, medium-stift Depth: 08-18 m Penetration resistance value Noi= 17 1 ‘Cone penetration test (CPT): q.= 20+ 64 KG / om? ty f= 04+ 147 KG / om? Soil layer No.2: Sandy clay with laterite gravel, reddish brown and yellowish brown soil, stiff Depth 1.8-2.1 m ‘No standard penetration test (SPT) Cone penetration test (CPT): qe 64 + 68 kG / em? f= 12+ 147kG Jom? Soil layer No.3: Sandy clay with laterite gravels, yellowish grey.medium- sti Depth: 2.1-48 m Penetration resistance value Ngg=10 Noye=8 Nao =14 Cone penetration test (CPT): qe= 64 + 180 KG / em? £9 12+44kG Jem?Soil layer No.4: laterite gravel with litle amount of elay, reddish brown, hand Depth: 4.8.5.6 m No standard penetration test (SPT) Cone penetration test (CPT): qe= 180 + 208 kG / em? f =44+5.47kG Jom? Soil layer No.5: laterite gravel with little amount of clay, whitish gray and yellowish brown spots, sf Depth: 5.6-8.0 m Penetration resistance value Ny=23 ‘Cone penetration test (CPT): qe 98 + 208 kG / cm? §=2.8 + 5.47 kG / om? Soil layer No.6: Fine sand, light yellow and whitish grey, dense Depth: 8.0-9.5 m Penetration resistance value Nge™ 21 Cone penetration test (CPT): qo= 94 + 98 kG /em? £=08+2.8kG/ om? Soil layer No.7: Relatively silt o fine sand with yellowish brown quartz gravel, rey, dense Depth: 9.5-105 m Penetration resistance value Nyy™ 25 Cone penetration test (CPL): qa= 94 + 142 kG / om? f= 08 +28kG/om? 8Borehole 2 - Ground water table: Soil layer No.0: Peat, sandy clay with tree roots, darkish grey, very soft Dept: 0-0.7 m No standard penetration ‘est (SPT) ‘Cone penetration test (CPT): qe 16-+20 kG / em? {= 027+ 04kG/ em? 8m Soil layer No.1: Sandy clay, whitish grey, medium-stiff Depth: 0.7-2.4 m Penetration resistance value Nag= 14 Cone penetration test (CPT); qe= 18 +72 kG/cm? f= 0.4% 1.2kG/em? Soil layer No.2: Sandy c'ay with laterite gravel, reddish brown and yellowish, brown soil, stiff Depth: 2.43.0 m ‘No standard penetration test (SPT) Cone penetration test (CPT): qe 72 + 120kG/ em? f= 12+24kG/ em? Soil layer No.3: Sandy clay with laterite gravels, yellowish grey, stiff Depth: 3.0-5.1 m Penetration resistance value Nax= 17 Nepo=17 ‘Cone penetration test (CPT): qe= 120+ 176 kG fem? f= 2443.6 kG/ em! 4Soil layer No.4: Laterte gravel with little amount of clay, reddish brown, hard Depth: 5.1-5.5 m No standard penetration test (SPT) Cone penetration test (CPT): c= 176 +216 KG / em £,=3.6 +52 kG fom? Soil layer No.5: Laterite gravel with little amount of clay, whitish gray and yellowish brown spots, stiff Depth: 5.5-7.9 m Penetration resistance value Nyy=22 Nays 27 ‘Cone penetration test (CPT): qe= 102 +216kG fem? £=32+52kG/om? Soil layer No.6: Fine sand, light yellow and whitish grey, dense Depth: 7.9-9.1 m Penetration resistance value Nyx= 18 Cone penetration test (CPT): qe 82 + 102 kG / em? f= 12+32kG/ om? Soil layer No.7: Relatively silt to fine sand with yellowish brown quartz gravel, whitish grey, dense Depth: 9.1-10.5 m Penetration resistance value Nyu=15 Cone penetration test (CPT): qe 82 +94 kG em? f= 08+12kG/em* Conclusion: Small and medium construction works which have low load allow civil engineers to build foundation from second layer. By contrast, ithecenstruction is large witk high load, i is compulsory for us to dri, survey at, greater depths and arrange more boreholes so that we ean indentify the proper type ‘of foundation and building technique‘The following appendices are attached and complete this report: 4 Appendix A ~ Key plan / Borehole Location Plan “ Appendix B — Boring Logs 4 Appendix C — Geotechnical Soil Profiles 4 Appendix D — Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data and chartAPPENDIX A KEY PLAN/ BOREHOLE LOCATION PLAN& MECHANICS OF STRUGTURE FACULTY (39) STE WAP SALE 1/200| ig 3 S| 8 H 3 i 4 2 : 3 be Fence ~ doa 8APPENDIX B BORING LOGSBOREHOLE NUMBER 1 Ground water table: -5,5m Elevation: +5,8m Layer] Depth | Sample depth Description of soil No 0 | 0,0-0,8m | 1) UD: 0,3-0,8m | Peat, sandy clay with tree roots, darkish grey, very soft 1 | 0.8-1,8m |2)UD:1,0-1,5m | Sandy clay, whitish grey, stiff SPT: 1,5-1,95m (6+7-10) 2 | 1821 Sandy clay with laterite gravels, yellowish brown, very stiff 3 | 21-48m |3)UD:2,02,5m | Sandy clay with yellowish grey, SPT: 2,5-2,95m laterite gravels, reddish brown, stiff (4446) 4) UD: 3,0-3,5m SPT:3,5-3,95m, G44) 5) UD: 4,0-4,5m, SPT:4,5-4,95 (44519) 4 | 485,6m Clayey laterite gravels, reddish brown, hard. 3 | 5,6-8,0m | 6)UD: 7,0-7,5m | Clayey laterite gravels, whitish grey SPT: 7,5-7,95m with yellowish brown spots, very (ust12) stiff 6 | 8,0-9,5m |7) UD: 8,0-8,5m | Silty sand, light yellow and whitish SPT: 8,54 grey, dense (uve) 7 | 9,5-10,5m |8) UD: 9,5-10,0m | Silly medium to fine sand with ‘SPT: 10,0-10,45m __| yellowish brown quartz gravels, (02412413) whitish grey, dense Total depth of hole: 10,5mBORING LOG oa. i oF material Se tes on Unstone i? J a DESCRIPTION OF SOL Poh | ser cunt tt sungenee a]s]p jg ted ith ae nods, sage Sela gm, va at lefola | [PT | lees h | | 10 |} faye is (jam | \" lu alas Erg 19 iojtt | at "| [| sme js ae 0; Os)BOREHOLE NUMBER 2 Ground water table: -§,8m Elevation: +5,5m Layer] Depth | Sample depth Description of soil No 0 | 0,0-0,7m - Peat, sandy clay with tree roots, darkish grey, very soft T | 0,7-2,4m | 1) UD: 1,5-2,0m SPT: 2,0-2,45m (6:74) Sandy clay, whitish grey, stiff 2 | 243,0m [2) UD: 2,53,0m ‘Sandy clay with laterite gravels, yellowish brown, very 3 | 30-5.1m | SPT:3,0-3,45m Sandy clay with yellowish grey, (04849) laterite gravels, reddish brown, stiff 3) UD: 4,0-4,5m SPT4,5-4,95m +7410) 4 | 5,1-5,5m | 4) UD: 5,1-5,5m_ Clayey laterite gravels, reddish brown, hard 3 | 5,5-7,9m |SPT:5,5-5,95m (10+10+12) 5) UD: 7,0-7,5m SPT: 7,5-7,95m Clayey laterite gravels, whitish grey with yellowish brown spots, very stiff - (12+13+14) © | 79-9.1m |7)UD:8,0-85m | Silty sand, light yellow and whitish SPT: 8,5-8,95m_ grey, dense (72810) 7 | 9,1-10,5m | 8) UD: 9,0-9,5m_ Silty medium to fine sand with SPT:9,5-9,45m | yellowish brown quartz gravels, _ (8+7+8) whitish grey, dense Total depth of hole: 10,5mPr ‘al cep of NaeTSe ahr rg metodo BORING LOG “8 ‘ale Soe bos oly [ow Tosa r nk, teat jaw snk, oh gu, lt a) |t ca Tak goo, Jo [eas [30 fog a gel, i a s fr mas tsi a ss:535 tite” | adiygn tofine cand saa ray ih bon que fsa ae Ee ita gy in LEGEND: (ET; shadand Raton Te (tt) Wi tndshaba Sample (U0) akAPPENDIX C GEOTECHNICAL SOIL PROFILESGEOTECHNICAL PROFILE oy LN itt nN BAN tet PUN iit a} vine ty vanity LN hint ite Ny ttt ma Nini aN iit TN Go Nits Loni aaa NeilLEGEND Pah sry ith nck, donkish ey peut Sey ag ih gu, ll. EZAA™ sy yh te gob, yl ro, Fs Seay cag sith lag, Legs, edi brown, ait eet tla leds gpa, be, ford FAD tag fost gals, tk fac le ps, A TELL: tt, tf asd ich div esere |. ‘iy stn Jo. po th pli noun, quate gale gay das,APPENDIX D CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT) DATA AND. CHARTTA Gone resistance | Sinton eigen?) | fiiem2) —[ FRCS) is am is it a5 298 if a0 aa 2 240 2 2 ta Sal 6 iat or se 60 296 @ 120 198 a iar 20 oe ia rm 7 120 iar Tos Zon as i 2 2.0 ite aa 199 3a iy itt 0 209 36 iar it “a 254 a ia ise 0 Zhe 0 iw ro oo 2st aa Bt Tie m0 a7 at iis 164 io aa a6 ir ish 00 za a is 1a 0 2 0 ils 178 3.60 305 33 i 15 ‘ea 05 st Tor iar 316 530 2a 38 ioe Hs aoe sar 2 cn a ior ite 00 317 om ss i Ti a0 226 ea ss 70 Ti 200 La 6 oy 6 36 20 250 mn 2 a on 60 ts m1 5 a i 200 is 72 = a ib 30 231 7a o x % a0 zs 78 3 a uz “a0 zie 7s st 7 it a0 3 40 w 70 3 0 2 a a 3 a ia 1a 16 3% s 7 80 ay i a a % 60 ab 0 a ca 2 130 146 a2 Ea ss 100 0 200 on ar s 3 80 ons 36 = aL 2 12 ‘as7 38 ul a co a iw acPT_cHART 1 a 3 ‘ é € i5(¥e rt) 40 » wo. 300 oxo om tele) cen: | =o 4,{le fn’) aU lent) ttn)SOME IMAGES ABOUT STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) AND CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT)3h