UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCE

FOMATIVE ASSIGNMENT

Malocclusion, affecting both aesthetics and discrepancy in adult aged

people resulting in psychological disturbances: a study using
questionnaires and eye tracking technology

BACKGROUND:
The global health problem that I focus is malocclusion. It’s a condition in which the dentition is not
correctly positioned in the mouth when the particular person tried to close his or mouth. Another
definition may be an improper bite. This is the one of the most important oral health problems
according to world health organization (WHO). The prevalence is varied, and it is called that around
39% of children and around 93% of adult people are facing this problem. Due to malocclusion a great
number of children loss their masticatory forces and unable to breakdown of food followed by loss
of nourishment. The public health is also facing a hidden cause of loss of weight. Malocclusion has
multifunctional and multi conditional ateiology.it may be due to hereditary cause and environmental
facts or even both. Among the etiological factor the most important is bad habit such as sucking
habit. Most children interpose their fingers (specially the thumb) between the dental arches
resulting to replace the tongue to downwards. Therefore, the tongue fails to reach its normal
position on the plate and this situation also preventing it from developing transversely. Moreover,
the thumb forces the position of front teeth to move outwardly. The ultimate result is children tend
to develop an open bite and their posterior teeth forms a crossbite because there is a
developmental anomaly of the palatal development. There is also a variety of children who sucks
their lower lip which results in proclination of maxillary teeth and there is also retroclination of
mandibular teeth. The outcome of these abnormalities are increased overjet and irregularities of the
lower incisors.

The A huge number of adult people are also suffering from early or late loss of baby teeth. Difficulty
chewing or biting, mouth breathing, crowded, misplaced or Teeth contributes to the public health by
identifying and managing malocclusions that can compromise nutrition, lead to gum disease and
bone, blocked out teeth, speech difficulty or biting into the roof of the mouth, protruding teeth in an
abnormal way or don’t meet at all, facial imbalance or asymmetry, grinding or clenching of teeth,
inability to close the lips.

People suffering this health problem again helps in public health in another way. Firstly, it aware
parents as well as patients to get involved in treatment procedure. Secondly their oral health is
checked and treated in regular manner so that other oral problem if not noticed before is being
reviewed over time. if the patient is smoker or alcoholic, he or she must turn to be controlled and
monitored time to time. Sugary foods and drinks being limited to particular person who is
undertaking treatment make ultimate health improvement. This holistic approach also improve
confidence, participation in the social activities, clear voice and mental health as well. A well-treated
person who was suffering this problem.
I would like to share few real images of such patients.
The chief complains of these patients are social harassment, lack of self-confidence, inability to get a
job mostly customer care position or the job which closely related with clients. These unwell aligned
teeth also can reduce their aptitude to chew properly or make certain hard foods more difficult to
eat. A wide range of food are health and nutritious and reluctance as well as inability to take this
food may deteriorate health. in spite of taking these healthy food people with such problem are
getting more dependent on ice cream, canned food or such soft food devoid of crunchy foods, such
as apples and carrots; stringy foods, such as asparagus and chicken; and chewy foods, such as raisins,
 The treatment needed to correct this problem is orthodontic treatment. This treatment Improves
nutrition. This intervention helps to correct this anomaly and positioned the teeth in its original
palate.it helps the patient to improve their thickness of surrounding bone, gingival recession and
periodontal condition. And helps people to improve their masticatory condition as well as
breakdown of food to improve their health. THIS Treatment procedure contributes to the public
health by indicating and improving the management of malocclusions that I earlier mentioned
compromise nutrition and also trend to gum disease and deteriorate the condition of the bone

People in the most time don’t take this orthodontic treatment because of high expenditures for
orthodontic treatment. The treatment fees and the coverage of insurance varies widely. This is the
one the main reason why this treatment is not gained by the maximum percentage of patient.

ETHICS:

To represent the study, I have studied and followed research published in

( https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40510-022-00399-3 ).
They took the study protocol from the ethics committee of the corresponding university.

PHOTOGRAPHS:
The study I would like to conduct is, firstly to take photo using digital camera in white background.
Secondly, I would like to photoshop this photo using photoshop app. I would like to change according
to degree of dental proclination and inclination that is I would like to change their entire facial
expression to a variant degree according to areas of interest.
1. No need to change, still attractive
2. Attractive with a little change
3. Need treatment
4. Need treatment for a long time to represent as attractive
5. Need a huge change probably with a help of surgery or any additional equipment

Data for example I have took from

( https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40510-022-00399-3 )
I would like to proceed an data collection event after getting approval from ethics committee of the
university

In conclusion of this research, I assumed that the middle-aged people have the highest interest to
take treatment, which also indicate that the people of this age limit is educating themselves about
the importance of this health problem and globally this belief must be checked.

To collect data I have to follow few criteria’s like good clinical records, amending clinical record,
radiographs, photographs, study model 3d study model, access to clinical data, record transfer
relevant law, regulations.

A detail time frame plan to submit summative assignment

meeting with tutor: within 20th of November 2022.

selecting and interpreting relevant evidence: within 30th of November 2022

drafting the text: within 5th of December 2022

reviewing the paper: within 14th of December2022

REFREENCES:

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534899/
2. https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-021-01629-6
3. https://www3.aaoinfo.org/_/why-you-should-get-orthodontic-
treatment/#:~:text=Orthodontic%20treatment%20helps%20ensure%20proper,extensive%2
0and%20expensive%20dental%20procedures
4. https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-021-01629-6
5. https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-021-01629-6
6. https://www.bos.org.uk/Portals/0/Public/docs/Advice%20Sheets/Orthodontic%20records%
20collection%20and%20management%20Final.pdf
7. https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-021-01629-6
8. https://www.palmerortho.com/blog/2019/04/why-is-orthodontic-treatment-important
9. https://www.bos.org.uk/Portals/0/Public/docs/Advice%20Sheets/Orthodontic%20records%
20collection%20and%20management%20Final.pdf
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5466903
11. https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/article
s/10.1186/s40510-022-00399-3