Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile:

A Ted Bundy Case

A Case Study in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements in CRI 211: Theories
of Crime Causation (1st Semester- S.Y. 2022-2023)

Submitted by

Melchie Sael

Submitted to

Prof. Mechelle Gempesao

December 2022
 Table of Contents

I. TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………….
II. TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….
III. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..
Serial Killing………………………………………………………………………
Serial Killer………………………………………………………………………..
Causality…………………………………………………………………………...
The Science Behind Serial Killing: Biology…………………………………...
The Science Behind Serial Killing: Sociological and Environmental Factors..
Family…………………………………………………………………….
Education………………………………………………………………….
Economic………………………………………………………………….
Community and Peers…………………………………………………….
Alcohol and Other Drugs…………………………………………………
The Science Behind Serial Killing: Psychological Factors…………………...
IV. CASE INFORMATION………………………………………………………….
Biography………………………………………………………………………….
Timeline……………………………………………………………………………
Risk Factors: the Science behind Bundy’s Evil Attacks………………………..
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)…………………………………
Psychopathy………………………………………………………………
Narcissistic Personality Disorder………………………………………...
Bipolar Personality Disorder……………………………………………..
Schizoid Personality Disorder……………………………………………
Machiavellianism…………………………………………………………
V. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………….
VI. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………
 INTRODUCTION

With a focus on the idea of human development and deviant conduct, this course,
CRI 211: Theories of Crime Causation, covers the study of human behavior. It
encompasses methods and procedures for dealing with various forms of abnormal
conduct in relation to criminal investigations and law enforcement. Additionally, it
covers victimization research, community involvement, and methods for supporting
reintegration of offenders and victim recovery. This study focuses on the horrifying,
macabre and schemed attack of one of the most infamous criminal of the 20 th century-
the rapist and serial killer Ted Bundy who was known to have murdered at least 20
women in the 1970s. And in 1989, he was put to death in the electric chair
(Biography.com Editors, 2014).

Serial Killing

In the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation defined serial killing as
a string of three or more homicides, at least one of which must have taken place in the
United States, and which share enough similarities to make it plausible that the same
actor or actors may have committed all of the crimes (Morton&Hilts, 2010), and such
definition was the one coined to the definition adapted by Philippine law. And for
Jenkins (2022), serial killing is the unlawful murder of at least two victims committed
by the same individual (or persons) in various incidents that take place at various
times.
Serial killing is closely linked to its larger social and historical context, something
that becomes especially clear when it is compared to a number of significant historical
shifts that have taken place over the past 400 to 500 years and are frequently linked to
the emergence of modernity. In other words, while serial predators have undoubtedly
always existed throughout the course of human history, they were not common in
earlier times (Haggerty & Ellerbrok, 2022). Typically, the killings are compulsions
motivated by delusions. Although the exact number of serial killings is unknown, they
are counted among the 4,200 homicides, or 20% of all reported yearly killings, for
which there is no known motive (Egger, 1984).

Serial Killer

Serial killers are morally bankrupt individuals who derive enjoyment from the
senseless murder of others (World Atlas, 2022). For MasterClass (2022), A serial
killer is someone who kills a significant number of people over time in a methodical
manner. There are various ways to define serial killing. Most often, there are three
victims, while some investigation agencies shift the barometer higher or lower.
Typically, a serial murderer is someone who kills three or more people within a
month, with a "cooling off" period in between each murder. The murders must be
distinct incidents for a serial killer, and they are frequently motivated by a
psychological high or pleasure. Serial killers sometimes lack empathy and guilt and
frequently develop egocentric personalities; because of these traits, some serial killers
are classified as psychopaths (Natalie Holloway Resource Center, 2022; Call, 2022).
Meanwhile, serial killers are murderers who typically kill three or more victims
for fun, desire, or other reasons such as having sex with the victims. These people
frequently have genetic anomalies and psychiatric problems if they experienced
sexual, physical, or emotional abuse as children. These are the things that leave a
trace and begin to kill when they are triggered by anything. Apparently, evolutionary
psychology tends to think that male and female serial killers "function" differently.
The most typical methods of death used by female serial killers are poisoning,
shooting, suffocation, stabbing, and drowning. It is often believed that these killers
kill their victims for financial gain. Some theorists contend that serial killers are not
created; they are born (World Atlas, 2022).
It is commonly known that most serial killers are men and that most of their
victims are women. Additionally, interracial murder is uncommon and is typically
committed by white men against white women. A pre-existing relationship between
an offender and his victims occurs infrequently, and offenders are often between the
ages of 25 and 35, which is older than has been observed for the more common crime
of homicide. Although it is acknowledged that sex is frequently the most plausible
motive for many serial killers, all serial killers have a motive to kill that is typically
internal to each individual offender (Hodge, 2000).
The UK has experienced its fair share of tragedy over the years, but the United
States claims three times as many serial killers per capita and has produced 67.5% of
all known serial killers worldwide (Murnagham, 2006). Meanwhile, America is
renowned for being a superpower and the most developed country in the world, but it
also suffers for being one of the most hedonistic. Some of the most dangerous serial
killers in the world have called America home. In actuality, they play a significant
role in our contemporary culture. They use torture gadgets to inflict agony on people
or "targets," and they are well-known for their crimes (The Famous People, 2022).
The number of serial killers in the USA is startling at 3,204. There are around 19
times more serial killers than in England, the next nation on the list. Serial killers in
the US are primarily White (73%), followed by a sizable Black minority (22%), and a
small number of Hispanics (3%), with an average age of 33.44 years. Shooting,
strangulation, poisoning, and stabbing are the most often employed methods by serial
killers in the US. David Berkowitz, Edmund Kemper, Larry Bittaker, and Roy Norris
are a few of the well-known serial killers in the United States. Among them, Edmund
Kemper killed more than eight people, including his grandparents and mother, while
David Berkowitz killed six and injured seven others (World Atlas, 2022).
Just recently, World Population Review (2022) released a statistics showing
countries with the most number of serial killer this year. According to the review,
United States of America topped the list with 3,204 serial killers, seconded by
England (166), South Africa (117), Canada (106), Italy (97) and Japan (96).
Accordingly, The United States dominates the field in terms of serial killers, and the
competition is not even close. There are more than 3,000 serial killers from the US,
and more than a billion books have been written about them. The US not only
invented the field of serial killers.
Meanwhile in the Philippines, crimes don't always horrify the way you'd expect
them to. The responses that are typically evoked are at best sensational and at worst
lukewarm. This may be due to the way news is disseminated or the sheer volume of
reported crimes (Ignacio, 2021). But this does not disqualify the country from these
macabre incidents. The Marikina massacres, the Hultman case, the Vizconde
Massacre, and the Ampatuan Massacre were just a handful graphic criminal stories
that dominated news headlines in previous years for months or even years. But there
were cases that were just as horrifyingly terrifying as these famous crimes from the
1960s, if not more so, including The Menace of the Face-Slashers (1965), The
Abduction of Annabelle  Huggins (1963), The 83-day Ordeal of Cosette Tanjuaquio
(1964), The Janet Clemente Conspiracy (1969), The RCA Ax Slaughter (1963), The
Cabading Family Carnage (1961), The Laurel-Silva Double Killing (1965), Richard
Speck and the Student Nurse Murders (1966), The Crime Against Maggie’s Virtue
(1967) and The Jigsaw Murder of Lucila Lalu (1967) (Castro, 2022).

Causality

Looking into causality, how did this individual become a serial killer is a constant
question posed after the capture of a serial killer. The growth of a person from birth to
adulthood holds the key to the solution. Particularly, a person's behavior is determined
by both their biological make-up and their life experiences. Like all humans, serial
killers are a result of their ancestry, environment, and decisions they made as they
developed. For the FBI, causality is the complicated process based on biological,
social, and environmental elements. In addition to these variables, people can decide
whether to engage in particular actions. The combined result of all these factors
distinguishes individual conduct from universal human behavior. It is impossible to
pinpoint every aspect that affects a person's conduct in general, just as it is impossible
to pinpoint every component that contributes to someone becoming a serial killer
(Morton&Hilts, 2010).
It is unclear what drives someone to become a serial killer. While the majority of
them turn to killing after suffering from drug and/or sexual abuse, others do so after
suffering from a serious breakdown of civility, while yet others have no prior history
of being terrifying individuals (The Famous People, 2022). And in the case of serial
killing, numerous serial killers have had some form of early childhood trauma, such
as physical or sexual abuse, dysfunctional families, or emotionally distant or absent
parents. The one consistent feature in the biographies of most killers is trauma, which
causes them to repress their emotional reaction. Since they never acquire other
emotions and never learn how to react appropriately to tragedy, they struggle to
empathize with others (Conroy, 2018).
The FBI in USA compiled different observations with regard to the causality of
serial killings in the country. According to these observations, similar to other violent
crimes, serial killing predisposition is biological, social, and psychological in nature
and is not restricted to any one particular quality or personality. These elements come
together in a rare confluence in some people, which contributes to the formation of
serial killers. They are at a crucial point in their social development and have the
necessary biological predisposition, which is shaped by their psychological make-up.
No particular traits or characteristics have been found to distinguish serial killers from
other violent offenders, and the profile of a serial killer cannot be generalized. The
FBI cited further that serial killers are not restricted to any one particular demographic
category, such as their sex, and are instead motivated by their own distinct goals or
causes such as faith, age, or race. The bulk of sexually motivated serial killers
engaged in early erotized violence. For them, sexual fulfillment and aggression are
inextricably linked in their psyches.

The Science Behind Serial Killing: Biology

From the moment of conception until death, humans are always developing. The
central nervous system's ability to receive and process stimulus has an impact on
behavior. According to neurobiologists, our nervous systems are sensitive to the
environment, which enables each nervous system to change throughout the course of
a lifetime. Early social coping mechanisms are formed, and they continue to advance
as toddlers learn to communicate, bargain, and reach compromises with their peers.
Some people engage in aggressive behavior because they don't have suitable coping
methods (Morton&Hilts, 2010).
The underlying process causing impulsive violence is likely to involve abnormal
serotonin and dopamine levels. It is thought that the hypofunction of serotonin and the
hyperfunction of dopamine in these neurotransmitters combine to induce aggression
((Seo & Patrick, 2008). Serial killers are said to naturally require more stimulation
than nonviolent criminals do in order to feel the same satisfaction, which leads them
to engage in riskier and more aggressive acts (Ramsland, 2006), and the underlying
cause to this is the the fact that serial killers frequently have low dopamine levels,
which could make them more vulnerable to addictive or compulsive pleasure-seeking
behaviors (Johnson, 2004). Additionally, many serial killers exhibit inconsistent
serotoninergic activity, with low levels being linked to impulsivity (Soderstrom,
Blennow, Manhem, & Forsman, 2001), and high levels are associated with more
aggression (Baron-Cohen, 2011; Bell, Abrams, & Nutt, 2001). These physiological
abnormalities may accumulate through neurodevelopmental issues or may pile on one
another, increasing the desire for and decreasing the ability to manage pleasure-
seeking behaviors that may influence a person's decision to kill (Ramsland 2006;
Sharma, 2018).
Due to its awful nature and rarity, serial killing is arguably the most
sensationalized criminal occurrence of our time. The history of MAOA, also referred
to as the "warrior gene," is complicated. The MAOA gene produces the monoamine
oxidase-A enzyme, which is essential for the breakdown of neurotransmitters like
serotonin. It has been demonstrated that individuals with MAOA gene abnormalities
linked to a poor dopamine turnover rate are more likely to engage in aggressive
behavior than their peers.Theoretically, other forms of violence such as sexual
violence could each be ruled by a unique genetic design. A study found out that the
risk allele (low-activity variation of the MAOA gene) may increase a person's genetic
risk of becoming alcoholic, but only if that person experienced stressful childhood
events including abuse, trauma, or other forms of maltreatment. In Finland, The low-
activity MAOA genotype was linked to 9–10% of violent crimes in the country
(Subramanian, 2020).
Meanwhile, for Unal (2021) believed that when genetics are combined with life
experiences, such as violent interactions as a child, they may work together to
influence a person's behavior negatively. But for him, a youngster predisposed to
genetically determined violence does not always or reliably grow up to be a juvenile
or adult offender. Jim Clemente, a profiler for the Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI), has stated that "genetics loads the pistol, their personality and psychology aim
it, and their experiences pull the trigger" when referring to serial killers (FBI, 2021;
Unal, 2021).

The Science Behind Serial Killing: Sociological and Environmental Factors

In 2009, a study was conducted to lay out all the social factors involving crime.
And these include Family, Education, Economic, Community and Peers, and Alcohol
and Other Drugs (The Beehive, 2009).
Family
The likelihood that a child would become involved in crime later in life is
significantly influenced by parental behavior. The likelihood that a child would
experience conduct issues and eventual criminal involvement appears to be
significantly elevated when one or both parents have criminal histories. The various
avenues (common environmental conditions, genetic and other biological risk factors,
parental negative role modeling) that could transmit a parent's risk of criminal
participation to their child make the influence of parental criminality complex.Poor
parenting techniques, such as inadequate parental supervision and parental rejection
of a child, are only weakly predictive of the child's future misbehavior. In comparison
to children whose parents did not use physical punishment, individuals who suffer
extreme or harsh parental practices have higher rates of conduct issues, substance
misuse, depression and anxiety, and violent crime in early adulthood. The risk that
someone would commit a crime is significantly affected across generations by family
violence and child abuse. According to some study, a person's likelihood of
committing many different sorts of crime is doubled if they suffer abuse as
children. The impact of familial influences seems to be strongest during a child's
formative years and diminishes as they develop, yet it has also been found that
inadequate parental monitoring and a lack of affection between parents and their
adolescent children are risk factors for future crime (The Beehive, 2009).
Education
The chance for success in society that an individual has is significantly influenced
by their education. Absence from school-level instruction increases the probability of
subsequent delinquency and criminal behavior. The relative opportunities provided by
crime, and particularly property crime, as contrasted to lawful work, shift as a result
of education. Higher levels of education guarantee larger employment returns, making
it more desirable than crime. For children under the age of 13, a low level of parental
education—defined as neither parent holding a degree—has also been linked to a
higher risk of future crime (The Beehive, 2009).
Economic
The discrepancy in relative wealth (disparity), poverty (deprivation), and
unemployment are all economic elements that affect criminal behavior. The weight of
the evidence points to a connection between inequality and violent crime. Although
the degree of this association is debatable, after accounting for other factors,
worldwide data reveals that there is a relationship. According to the evidence, all
types of criminal offense are correlated with deprivation. Even after adjusting for
parental, individual, school, and peer characteristics, analysis from the Christchurch
Health and Development Study suggests that socioeconomic deprivation is linked to
both self-reported criminality and officially documented convictions. Engagement in
crime is predicted by unemployment, but specifically involvement in property crime
and not violent crime. Uncertainty surrounds the degree of the link between
unemployment and crime, as well as its relative importance to other social and
economic issues (The Beehive, 2009).
Community and Peers
Although it is difficult to quantify, community and neighborhood effects on
criminality do appear to have an impact on antisocial behavior and crime. With age,
neighborhood influences become more significant. Numerous studies have
demonstrated the critical role that antisocial peer groups play in the emergence of
violence and deviance (The Beehive, 2009).

Alcohol and Other Drugs

Alcohol and other drugs (AoD) have a complicated link with criminality. Even
though not all AoD intake results in criminal activity, continued drug or alcohol
addiction does seem to raise the risk of doing something wrong. Other elements, such
mental health, temperament, locality, and peer pressure, frequently have an impact on
the offenses committed by those who are impacted by AoD (The Beehive, 2009).

The Science Behind Serial Killing: Psychological Factors

After decades of study on the criminal mind, the three main theories of crime
have been identified. The psychodynamic theory is focused on how an individual's
early experiences affect their propensity to commit crime. The focus of behavioral
theory is on how perception of the outside world affects conduct. Additionally,
cognitive theory focuses on how people express their perceptions and how this can
result in a criminal life (Schueneman, 2021).
In a person's criminal behavior, the psychological components of the crime play a
very clear role. The interaction between psychological and physical variables is
influenced by social influences. And most of these influences include failures in
psychological development, learned behavior of violence and agression, inherent
personality traits and mental illnes (Foresnsics, 2021). Meanwhile, with the rise in
juvenile criminality, psychopathy has an increasingly important link to serious crime
and manifests itself more frequently in children. Neuropsychological tests for some
diseases, like schizophrenia, prevented a person from deciding what was right or
wrong. Most of these offenders were suicidal and harmful to themselves as well as
others (Basra & Pathmanathan, 2017).
 CASE INFORMATION

Bundy, Dahmer, Manson, Gacy, Ramirez, and Gein are some of the most vile
killers who have ever lived, and their names continue to haunt people's dreams.
(Biography.com Editors, 2014).

Biography

Theodore Robert Bundy, also known as Ted Bundy, was born in Burlington,
Vermont, on November 24, 1946. Bundy had a challenging upbringing; he and his
stepfather had a tense relationship, and because of his timidity, he was frequently
teased. Later on though, he was able to have a great college career because to his
intelligence and social abilities, he also formed a number of seemingly typical
emotional relationships with women. He became a charming, talkative, and smart
young guy as he grew older. However, Bundy had showed glimpses of the vicious
serial killer he would become while he was a teenager living in Washington. And
despite his seeming stability, he killed and abused many young women between 1974
and 1978 in Florida, Washington, Oregon, Colorado, and Utah. Some believed that he
was accountable for hundreds of fatalities, despite the fact that he ultimately admitted
to 28 murders. He received a death sentence in 1979 for the murder of two college
students after a widely reported trial. He received another death sentence the
following year, this time for the rape and murder of a 12-year-old girl. In 1989, Bundy
was put to death in the electric chair in Florida (Jenkins, 2022).

Timeline
An author at Biography Newsletter investigated and recounted Bundy’s attack
including the roll of his trial and execution, in the following timeline.
Karen Sparks, a student at the University of
Washington, is brutally beaten by Bundy at her Seattle
January 4, 1974: Bundy residence while Bundy is then enrolled in the law
attacks a University of program at the University of Puget Sound. Sparks
Washington student becomes one of the select few Bundy victims to live
despite the attack leaving her with irreversible brain
damage.
Another UW student named Lynda Ann Healy vanishes
from her off-campus residence early in the morning,
February 1, 1974: Bundy leaving behind a meticulously prepared bed with blood
commits his first proven on the pillow. A year later, on Taylor Mountain outside
murder of Seattle, her bones are discovered among those of
other women.
Within three hours, Janice Ott and Denise Mashind, two
college students, disappear from Lake Sammamish
July 14, 1974: Bundy State Park in the Seattle region. Witnesses reported a
claims two victims on the young man named Ted requesting the women for
same day assistance in hauling his boat while wearing a sling on
one arm. He resembles the hurt "Ted" who had been
spotted at adjacent campuses where several female
students had vanished. One distinguishing physical trait
that many of these young women had in common was
long hair parted in the middle.
 In order to continue his studies at the University of Utah
Law School, Bundy quits his position with Olympia,
Aug. 30, 1974: The law Washington's Emergency Services Department and
student moves to Utah moves to Salt Lake City.
In Murray, Utah, Bundy leads 18-year-old Carol
DaRonch from a mall to his tan Volkswagen Beetle
November 8, 1974: Bundy under the guise of a police officer, where he tries to put
strikes twice in one day— handcuffs on her before she runs away. Debra Kent, a
again 17-year-old, vanishes later that day after picking up her
younger brother after attending a high school play. In
the school's parking area, detectives discover a key that
fits the handcuffs DaRonch was wearing.
After leaving the lobby to get a magazine from her
room in Snowmass, Colorado, a 23-year-old nurse
January 12, 1975: The named Caryn Campbell vanishes from her hotel. A few
killer surfaces in Colorado weeks later, her body is discovered in a snowbank
outside the resort community.
In Granger, Utah, Highway Patrol Sergeant Bob
Hayward pulls over a tan Volkswagen Beetle that had
August 16, 1975: Bundy is been waiting outside a house. After discovering a ski
briefly apprehended mask, a crowbar, an ice pick, and handcuffs in the
vehicle, Hayward captures the shaggy-haired driver.
Bundy is soon released since the allegations against him
are insufficient to keep him in jail for very long.
DaRonch and two other ladies recognize Bundy in a
police lineup despite prior attempts to identify him
October 2, 1975: Bundy is failing. He gets detained and accused of attempting to
selected from a police kidnap someone.
lineup
Bundy is sentenced to one to 15 years in jail after being
found guilty of aggravated kidnapping after a five-day
March 1, 1976: Bundy is trial during which he forfeited his right to a jury trial.
convicted for his
abduction efforts
Through the finding of Campbell's hair in his car, the
use of his gas credit card nearby the day she vanished,
October 21, 1976: Bundy and eyewitness stories of him being at her hotel,
is charged with first- investigators are able to connect Bundy to Campbell's
degree murder death in January 1975. Early in 1977, he is returned to
Aspen, Colorado, to face charges.
When given access to the Pitkin County Courthouse's
law library, Bundy escapes custody and jumps from a
June 7, 1977: Bundy second-floor window into the mountains. He is
escapes from a library discovered driving a stolen automobile after a six-day
manhunt and taken back into custody.
After being transferred to a prison in Glenwood
Springs, Colorado that is supposedly more secure,
December 30, 1977: A Bundy loses enough weight to fit through a hole that
slimmed-down Bundy was cut in his ceiling and into the duct system. He
disappears from his prison leaves the prison, enters an empty apartment, changes
cell
 clothes, and makes his way out again, this time leaving
Colorado behind and ending up in northern Florida.
Around three in the morning, Bundy breaks into the
FSU Chi Omega sorority home and beats Kathy Kleiner
January 15, 1978: Bundy and Karen Chandler with a club-like item before
kills two students and strangling Margaret Bowman and Lisa Levy. After that,
injures three more at he goes into another house a few blocks away and
Florida State University severely assaults Cheryl Thomas, another student.
Kleiner, Chandler, and Thomas make it through their
injuries, but none can recall the attacker.
At 12, seventh-grader Kimberly Leach is considerably
younger than Bundy's typical victims when she vanishes
February 9, 1978: Bundy during the school day from Florida's Lake City Junior
strikes one more time High School. Two months later, in Suwannee River
State Park, her body is discovered under a shed.
Pensacola Police Officer David Lee stops an automobile
at 1:30 in the morning with its headlights off and
February 15, 1978: Bundy discovers that the license plates match those of a stolen
is apprehended for good car. After engaging the driver in a fierce struggle, Lee
manages to take the driver down. The individual, who
initially refused to reveal his identity, later admits that
he is the FBI-wanted Bundy.
Jury selection for the trial, which is reputedly the first to
be broadcast nationally on television, begins in Miami's
June 25, 1979: Bundy's Dade County Metro Justice Building. Beginning with
trial for the Florida his initial complaint to Judge Edward Cowart regarding
rampage begins the conditions of his prison cell, Bundy sets the stage
for a bizarre month of proceedings in which he quarrels
with his attorney, assumes control of a police officer's
cross-examination, and gives testimony while speaking
of himself in the third person.
Richard Souviron, a forensic dentist, declares that there
is a match between Bundy's teeth and the bite marks
July 18, 1979: Prosecutors discovered on one of the FSU students despite the
focus on Bundy's teeth defense's objections to the admission of his testimony.
The jury of seven men and five women finds Bundy
guilty of the first-degree murders of Bowman and Levy
July 24, 1979: Bundy is as well as the attempted murders of Kleiner, Chandler,
convicted for the deaths of and Thomas after less than seven hours of deliberation.
the Florida State students He receives a death sentence in Florida's electric chair
the following week.
The testimony of a firefighter who saw the suspect take
the 12-year-old to his van and the identical clothes
January 7, 1980: Bundy fibers discovered on the accused killer and victim both
stands trial for the murder help to bring down Bundy, who was brought to Orlando
of Kimberly Leach for his second murder trial in six months. The jury finds
Bundy guilty once more a month later.
In front of a notary public, during the trial's penalty
phase, Bundy makes his lover Carole Boone the object
February 9, 1980: Bundy of his marriage proposal. The jury's recommendation for
 the newlywed convict is the death penalty shortly after
that.
gets married before
receiving another death
sentence
The Stranger Beside Me, written by crime writer Ann
Rule, recounts Bundy's time working with her at a
August 17, 1980: Bundy suicide crisis hotline in the early 1970s and their
becomes the subject of a developing connection as he was identified as a
popular book dangerous serial killer. Elizabeth Kendall, who had
been Bundy's girlfriend for a while, wrote about her
own close calls the following year in The Phantom
Prince.
Bundy receives a stay of execution just hours before his
scheduled execution for killing Leach in order to assess
November 17, 1986: his mental capacity during his 1980 trial. A district
Bundy gets a stay of court determines that Bundy was fully competent for the
execution trial thirteen months later, referring to him as a
"diabolical genius" for good measure.
In a conversation with evangelist James Dobson, Bundy
sits down and confesses to multiple murders, including
January 23, 1989: The three that took place before the Northwest killing spree
killer attempts to atone for of 1974. He then blames his deranged behavior on his
his sins addictions to booze and pornography. Later that night,
the U.S. By a 5-4 majority, the Supreme Court rejects
the prisoner's request for an immediate stay of
execution.
Around seven in the morning, Bundy is seated in the
"Old Sparky" electric chair at Florida State Prison. The
January 24, 1989: Bundy renowned killer, who had earlier instructed witnesses to
is put to death by "send my love to my family and friends," is pronounced
electrocution dead by electrocution at 7:16, amid the applause of the
roughly 200 people who had gathered outside.
Ott (2012). Ted Bundy Killings: A Timeline of His Twisted Reign of Terror. Biography.
https://www.biography.com/news/ted-bundy-timeline-murders

Risk Factors: the Science behind Bundy’s Evil Attacks

For decades, psychologists from all over the world have studied the notorious
rapist and killer Ted Bundy. What has most intrigued them is his ability to lead a
double life while also maintaining a long-term relationship, going to college, and
establishing a political career. And EduBirdie (2021) layed out all risk factors that
triggered Bundy’s behavior, including Antisocial Personality Disorder, Psychopathy,
Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Bipolar Personality Disorder, Borderline
Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, and Machiavellianism.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

Ted Bundy's mental health was examined by 73 psychologists at the University of
Kentucky, and the majority of them concluded that he had antisocial personality
disorder. In fact, almost 80% of them thought that Bundy exemplified the disorder to
a tee, fulfilling all of the DSM-5's requirements in terms of egocentrism, acting in
accordance with one's own desires rather than following the law and social
conventions, lacking empathy, antagonism (manipulative, deceitful, and hostile), and
disinhibition (irresponsible and impulsive).

Psychopathy
Even though it is included under ASPD, psychopathy is not the same as ASPD.
The "Psychopathy Checklist," developed by Hervey Cleckley, a psychologist who
popularized the term psychopathy, includes traits like phoniness, insincerity, lack of
nervousness, pathological egocentrism, lack of remorse, and an inability to stick to a
plan of action. Darrel Turner, PhD, a clinical and forensic psychologist, asserts that
Ted Bundy embodies every stereotype of a psychopath.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

According to the DSM-5, narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by the
following traits: excessive reliance on others for self-esteem regulation and/or setting
goals based on their approval, impaired awareness of others' needs and emotions,
largely superficial relationships that are maintained for self-esteem regulation or
personal gain, feelings of entitlement, and feelings of superiority over others. The
majority of psychologists in the University of Kentucky study thought that Bundy
displayed these symptoms.

Bipolar Personality Disorder

Bundy hoped to be rescued from death row by Dorothy Lewis, MD, a psychiatrist
who specialized in "understanding the brain chemistry of aggressive males." She
claimed that Bundy had bipolar personality disorder, a mental illness characterized
mostly by wildly fluctuating moods.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Bundy was "above the diagnostic threshold for borderline," according to the
majority of the same group in the University of Kentucky study. A person with
borderline personality disorder frequently has unstable relationships, acts impulsively,
engages in self-harming behaviors, experiences periods of severe depression, and
undergoes changes in self-image. It's possible that Bundy didn't suffer from one of
these mental diseases because of the powerful emotions that those with borderline
personality disorder frequently experience.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

In the University of Kentucky investigation, more than 50% of the experts
diagnosed Bundy with schizoid personality disorder, which is essentially an extreme
case of antisocial personality disorder. It's conceivable that Bundy had schizoid
personality disorder because of his lack of emotional expression and inappropriate
behavior. Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by "a lifetime pattern of
indifference to others and social isolation." However, since Bundy was a serial rapist,
it was evident that he didn't have any interest in sexual intercourse, which is another
significant characteristic of schizoid.

Machiavellianism
Numerous specialists claimed that Bundy displayed traits of Machiavellianism, a
severe kind of narcissism. Niccol Machiavelli, an Italian political philosopher active
in the Renaissance, inspired the name of this disease. It refers to a person who will
deceive and take advantage of others in order to further his or her own objectives.
Accordingly, they view humans as manipulable things, and unless they exhibit
psychotic tendencies, they will exhibit normal levels of empathy.

The journalist who spoke with Ted Bundy, Stephen Michaud, described him as
having an unmatched and likely unique personality. In order for law enforcement to
implement successful programs for at-risk youngsters, which will lower crime rates
and make this a safer society, research should be done on the symptoms and behaviors
that might signal or foretell that kind of terrible behavior (EduBirdie, 2021).
 CONCLUSION

The Supreme Court of Florida found Bundy guilty of two counts of first-degree
murder, three counts of attempted first-degree murder, and two counts of burglary,
which brought him to the electric chair in 1989. But one of the cases that became the
turning point of his case, was the infamous bite mark case on one of his victims.
Bundy's reputation as a ruthless killer was exposed to the public on a crucial
August night in 1975. At around three in the morning, Bundy's Volkswagen passed
Utah Highway Patrol sergeant Bob Hayward. According to a 2000 Associated Press
piece, he then received a radio call for assistance, but while in route, he took the
wrong turn. When the Volkswagen came to a stop in front of a home belonging to a
family Hayward was familiar with, he noted that the parents weren't there, leaving
their teenage daughters home alone. The driver then noticed the police car and sped
off. Following Bundy, Hayward ultimately caught up with him. Bundy said he was
just a lost college student, but Hayward searched his car because of his odd demeanor.
He discovered many burglary tools, including a crowbar, inside. The Salt Lake
County Sheriff's Office was informed by Hayward after they recognized the name:
Bundy's girlfriend, Kendall, had gotten in touch with the authorities to share her
concerns about him (Sambeck, 2021).
Physically, Bundy and his vehicle matched the description of a man who
attempted to abduct Carol DaRonch, then 18 years old, in November 1974. She
recognized Bundy as the person who attacked her. In 1976, Bundy was found guilty
of kidnapping DaRonch and was then sent to Colorado to face trial for the murder of
23-year-old nurse Caryn Campbell. She was slain while on vacation at a ski resort.
When Bundy's automobile was later found to have her hairs, the evidence pointed to
him being close to the ski lodge the night she vanished. After being caught driving
and eluding the police in Colorado in 1975, Bundy escaped twice, once from a
courthouse and once from the prison he was being detained at, both times in
Colorado. One of his victims who managed to flee from him was able to clearly
identify Bundy. The most notable victim of his rape and murder spree in Florida was
Lisa Levy, who was attacked in the Chi Omega residence on the campus of Florida
State University. Levy's buttock had been bit by Bundy, producing a mark that
forensic experts used to their advantage. Kimberly Leach, 12, was Bundy's last
victim; she was abducted from her school in Lake City, Florida, in February 1978. He
killed her and assaulted her sexually. A few days after killing Leach, he was
apprehended for the final time when he was stopped in Pensacola for driving a stolen
vehicle. He attempted to run from the police on foot but was stopped and taken into
custody (Sambeck, 2022).
Therefore, there was substantial evidence that proves Bundy being guilty to all
these cases, most especially the bite case with one of his victims. But even so, he died
without remorse of his actions.
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