External Problems
SCIENCESPO LILLE 2022
EU Politics and Institutions
Dr Katarzyna CZERNICKA
(katarzyna.czernicka@sciencespo-lille.eu)
Session XII
External challenges of the EU
1. Tom Casier, The New Neighbours of the European Union : The
Compelling logic of Enlargement ?, Joan DeBardeleben, The
Boundaries of EU Enlargement, Finding a Place for Neihbours,
Palgrave Macmillan 2008, pp.19-32.
2. Michel Foucher, Europe, the future frontiers, Le Monde,
14/10/2009.
3. Waiting for the big call, The Economist, 16/09/2010.
4. Turkey blames EU in 'sofagate' diplomatic spat, bbc.com/news,
8/01/2002.
5. Marc Vanheukelen, EU Climate Diplomacy: Projecting Green
Global Leadership, EU Diplomacy Paper, 06/2021
6. John McCormick, The EU as a Global Actor, European Union
Politics, Palgrave, pp.409-424.
-enlargement policy
-neighbourhood
-common foreign policy
External Problems
What is the “accession capacity” of the EU?
What are institutional issues in the area of
foreign policy?
What are the EU’s interests in the world at large?
• Future enlargement
Croatia and Turkey started negotiations in October 2005, Croatia
joined the EU in 2013
Iceland has withdrawn his application
Turkey, Iceland, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Albania have the status of candidate country
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo are potential candidates for
membership by the EU
Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia submitted applications for EU
Membership in March 2022
EU enlargement - an instrument of European security
the Balkans - assistance to institution building
1
the EU on the world stage

the Treaty of Amsterdam - the High Representative for the

common foreign and security policy (‘Mr Europe’)
Javier Solana was appointed to this position in 1999.
A single foreign policy failed to materialize (intervention in Iraq,
position on Ukraine in 2015)
institutional imbalance
The treaty of Lisbon introduces a new foreign policy chief

On 19 November 2009, Catherine Ashton was appointed the

EU's High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and
Security Policy.
Today this position is occupied by Josep Borell

European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) - a single coherent

policy for its near neighbourhood

some states « neighbours » not « candidates »

different perceptions of the ENP in « neighbours » states

different interests in Member states

The Eastern Partnership is an initiative of the EU governing their

relationship with post-Soviet states

Aims of EU climate diplomacy

1. Persuading other countries to step up their climate efforts

( the power of example)

2. Using the “climate finance” through the aid to developing

countries (the power of purse)

3. By conditioning access to the EU’s market to actors accepting

Climate-related rules (the power of the internal market)