International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (Candra)

Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 1401–1412, Article ID: CANDRA_09_ 11_ 144
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/candra/issues.asp?JType=Candra&VType=9&IType=11
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

POSSIBILITIES OF AGRICULTURE
COMPETITIVENESS INCREASING
Mikhailushkin P. V
Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia

Lubkova E. M., Shilova A. E

T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, Russia

Zhuravlev P. V
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

Karpenko E. Z
Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

Nikiforov S. A
Southwest State University, Kursk, Russia

ABSTRACT
At present there are characteristic features in the development of agriculture in
the coal-mining regions, including both negative: an insignificant share of
agricultural production in the GRP structure, a difficult environmental situation,
less attractive geographical conditions for the development of agriculture than those
in the agrarian regions, and positive ones: high technical and human resources, a
higher level of per capita income than in the agrarian regions, a high level of
investment activities. In this connection, it is urgent to study the possibilities of
increasing the competitiveness of coal- mining regions taking into account their
specifics.
Keywords: Food Market; Food Security; Food Self-Sufficiency; Agriculture
Competitiveness.
Cite this Article: Mikhailushkin P. V, Lubkova E. M., Shilova A. E, Zhuravlev P. V,
Karpenko E.Z
Nikiforov S.A, Possibilities of Agriculture Competitiveness Increasing, International
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 1401–1412.
http:// www. iaeme. com/candra/ issues. asp? JType= IJMET& VType=9& IType=11

1. INTRODUCTION
Issues of food security at the state level and food security at the regional level attract the
attention of many modern scientists [1; 2].

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Food security is still one of the most important topics on the agenda of the world economic
community, but if decades ago the issues of physical and economic accessibility of food were
mainly considered, the quality aspect of ensuring food security, as well as the problem of self-
sufficiency in food are at the forefront [3].
The solution of food security issues at the regional level, on the one hand, is certainly logical
and is due to the significant differentiation in the social and economic development of the
regions of the Russian Federation, and as a result, sharp differences in the level of economic
accessibility of food in various territories. On the other hand, this trend generates significant
differences in the assessment of food security in certain regions, which does not allow
effective assessing the characteristics of food markets at the level of federal districts, and
there is also the problem of determining the level of food security of the constituent entity the
federation.
Considering the possibilities of developing the agriculture of individual communities, it can
be noted that climatic and geographic conditions, industrial and labor potential determine the
possibilities for the development of agriculture and its competitiveness [4-8].
Maintaining the effective agriculture functioning is the basis of the region's food supply.
Industrial regions have features of the functioning and development of agriculture, including:
an insignificant share of agricultural products in the GRP structure, a difficult
environmental situation, less attractive geographical conditions for the development of
agriculture than those in agrarian regions, high technical and human potential, higher level
per capita income than in agrarian regions, comparatively low life expectancy, high level of
investment activities [9-12]. Certain types of industry have different effects on the agro-
industrial complex of the regions [13].

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Such scientists as C. Zopounidis, N. Kalogeras, K. Mattas, G. van Dijk, G. Baourakis, A. I.
Altukhov, V.V. Drokin, A.S. Zhuravlyov, A. Jambor, S. Babu, I. M. Sheldon [14-18] devoted
their researches to the study of global and national problems of food security.
A number of researchers insist on the urgency of considering food security issues at the
regional level [19-22]. For large countries, the regional discrepancies in the development of the
agro-industrial complex are very palpable. The attention of scientists is also attracted by the
problems of the financial competitiveness of agriculture [ 2 3 ; 2 4 ] .
The influence of the coal industry on the functioning of regional agriculture is very tangible.
On the one hand, the coal industry development contributes to urbanization, which reduces the
opportunities for agricultural development in individual communities [25], and the costs of the
coal industry are the inevitable pollution of the environment, which has a negative impact on
food production opportunities [26]. This is exemplified by China, in which the significant
pollution of water bodies exacerbates water shortages and raises concerns about soil
contamination and food safety [ 2 7 - 2 9 ] . On the other hand, one can note the positive
effects of the coal industry development on agriculture and the food industry: projects in the
field of mining can contribute to the electrification and catalyzing of energy infrastructure in
rural areas [30-32], the coal industry development in remote and hard-to-reach areas can
help competitiveness of local producers of agricultural products by reducing their
transportation costs [33].

3. METHODOLOGY
Monographic and economic-statistical methods of research are used in the article.
In this article the average producers’ prices for selected types of agricultural products and
the indicators of agricultural production efficiency have been researched.
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 Possibilities of Agriculture Competitiveness Increasing

4. RESULTS
It is important to find the solution to the problem of the possibility of producing the
competitive agricultural products for regions involved in coal mining. The competitiveness of
agriculture in the coal-mining region is proposed to be understood as the ability of the regional
agriculture to produce food that can compete in price and quality with the analogues offered for
import through the use of production, innovation, investment, human resource potentials in
the coal-mining region and government support measures [34; 35].
The study of the coal-mining industry agriculture competitiveness was carried out and the
possibilities for its improving were considered on the example of the Kemerovo region.
The Kemerovo region is a typical industrial region; the developed coal industry determines
such features of the region The as high urbanization (the urban population is over 85%), high
incomes of the population in comparison with neighboring regions, production potential and
investment availability, low life expectancy and existence a number of environmental problems.
The Kemerovo region has features of functioning and development of agriculture, which
include an insignificant and declining share of agricultural products in the structure of the gross
regional product, a difficult ecological situation, geographical conditions less attractive for the
development of agriculture than in agricultural regions.
The budget deficit, the lack of investment, the negative balanced financial result of
organizations, the more rapid development of extractive and non-manufacturing industries, the
growing price indexof industrial goods producers and the increasing share of the population
with monetary incomes below the subsistence level, the growth of unemployment pose a threat
to the region's economy [36-40].
During the five-year period, agricultural production increased more than one and a
halftimes, while the share of agriculture in the gross regional product remained insignificant
throughout the period. The Kemerovo region produced 57.4 billion roubles of agricultural
products in 2016.
The price index of agricultural producers in comparison with the price index of industrial
producers did not have sharp jumps, and the prices of agricultural producers decreased in
2015- 2016.
We can say that the factors affecting the demand for agricultural products are ambiguous.
Despite the population decline, stable average monthly incomes and a high proportion of the
population employed in industry determine the increased requirements for the quality of food.
The level of the local food market characterizes the opportunities for the development of
agriculture in a negative way, it is obvious that at present it is necessary to introduce measures to
improve it. Regional production is characterized by high costs, which is associated with high
tariffs for raw materials, transportation, electricity, and with the peculiarities of agriculture in the
region of risky agriculture.
Characteristics of external factors that determine the possibility of development of
agriculture of the Kemerovo region are given (Table 1).

Table 1. Characteristics of external factors that determine the possibility of development of

agriculture of the Kemerovo region
Factor Characteristic
A slight decrease in the population of the Kemerovo region. Natural and
migration decline of the population. Reducing the proportion of the rural
Demography
population. High level of urbanization, outflow of working-age
population
from rural areas.
The Kemerovo region as an industrial region is characterized by higher
Income of people
income per capita than in the neighboring agricultural regions.

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Factor Characteristic
The level of Undeveloped infrastructure of the regional food market. High handling
development of the
regional market costs.
Tariffs for
electricity High and rising electricity and gas tariffs. High proportion of transport
and gas, and
transportation, fuel fuel costs in the cost of food.
resources
Rouble
Unstable exchange rate of the national currency.
exchange rate
There are allocated 127 664 437 thousand roubles subsidies to producers
State making modernization of production and implementing the activities of
innovative technologies. Support for small businesses, credit support and
Regulation state guarantees for agriculture and sustainable development of rural
territories of the Kemerovo region in 2014-2020
Characteristic of internal factors that determine the development potential of the agro-
industrial complex of the Kemerovo region are given (Table 2).

Table 2. Characteristics of external factors that determine the possibility of development of

agriculture of the Kemerovo region
Factor Characteristic
Labor productivity Low labor productivity, a significant proportion of obsolete equipment
Low level of capacity utilization for all types of agricultural products.
The level of use of the average annual capacity for the production of
Capacity utilization meat
and by-products of slaughter animals for 2016 is 20%, for the
production
of whole milk products (in terms of milk) 55.3%.
The average salary by the type of economic activity “agriculture,
hunting
Wage rate and forestry” in 2016 amounted to 18,940 roubles, which is less than
65%
of the average salary in the region. The average salary by the type of
economic activity “production of food products, including drinks and
tobacco” in 2016 amounted to 22,007 roubles.
The financial
The high proportion of unprofitable enterprises.
condition of
enterprises
The high level of development of vocational education: the scientific
The level of potential in the field of agriculture is represented by such organizations
development of as
vocational education the Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute, KemNIISH and others.
The level of
development The scientific development of agriculture is included in the priorities
of
of scientific and
applied the region. State support is provided to advanced farms.
base
The level of
development High and growing
of related business
services
The level of
development High and growing
of the information
environment

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 Possibilities of Agriculture Competitiveness Increasing

necessary to note the high scientific potential of the region, which can be used to introduce
innovations in the activities of enterprises of the Kemerovo region, which will contribute to
improving the efficiency of the industry.
To study the opportunities to compete in price with producers of the neighboring regions,
the average producer prices for selected types of agricultural products in 2016 were studied
(Table 3).

Table 3. Average producers' prices for certain types of products, roubles / tons
Regions
Indicators Kemero Novosibi Tomsk
Altai
vo territory rsk region
regio region
n
Rye 6038 6109 6865 5483
Cereals and legumes 8783 11478 8884 8662
Wheat 9238 9425 8800 9614
Potatoes 12551 10424 10069 6623
Cattle (carcass weight) 168035 185112 175236 153123
Pigs (carcass weight) 154178 139566 140000 170967
Poultry (carcass weight) 105580 98552 118015 99658
Cattle raw milk 22597 22127 21402 22543
Tomatoes 74223 77330 77518 н/д
Cucumbers 80428 76497 82854 98259
Hen eggs 3945 3293 4053 3720
* compiled by authors on the basis of statistical data https://www.fedstat.ru
It is established that the Kemerovo region has a competitive advantage in price in the
production of meat and meat products, which is a favorable prerequisite for the development of
meat production and further increase in the export of this type of products to the neighboring
regions.
Dairy production in the Kemerovo region is, on the contrary, is quite expensive for the
producers; the average price of dairy producers in the Kemerovo region being significantly
higher than in the neighboring regions.
At present, the Kemerovo region fully provides itself with potatoes, however such high own
production is not profitable for the region: the potato producers’ price is almost twice as high as
producers’ prices in the Tomsk region and 20-30% higher than the producers’ price in other
regions. A similar situation is typical for the production of tomatoes and cucumbers.
Thus, the Kemerovo region as atypical industrial region does not have an advantage over the
price of food products of the neighboring regions; therefore, the rational commodity exchange
of food products between the Kemerovo region and the neighboring regions is needed, as well
as
the search for growth points for the agro-industrial complex in the industrial region. The
indicators of agricultural production efficiency in these regions are considered (Table 4).

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Table 4. Indicators of non-price competitivness of agriculture
Regions
Indicators Kemero Altai Novosibi Tomsk
vo territory rsk region
regio region
n
Milk production per cow, kilograms. 4168 4136 3724 4280
Average annual egg laying of farm 314 314 331 311
laying hens, pieces
Yield of cereals and legumes (in
weight 17,1 11,0 14,5 15,3
after processing, hundred kilograms
per
hectare
Milk production per cow, kilograms. 4168 4136 3724 4280
Average annual egg laying of farm
314 314 331 311
laying hens, pieces
Yield of cereals and legumes (in
weight 17,1 11,0 14,5 15,3
after processing, hundred kilograms
per
hectare
Sown area, thosand hectares 971,7 5394,3 2339,9 339,9
gross grain harvest (in weight 1034,1 3940,4 2196,5 300,3
after processing), thousand
hectares
Cattle stock , thousand head of cattle 192,4 807,8 471,3 85,4
Pig stock, thousand head of pigs 410,9 598,9 383,2 138,8
Dairy production , thousand tons 1414,9 380,1 661,5 140,3
* compiled by authors on the basis of statistical data https://www.fedstat.ru
The presented statistical data testify to the impossibility of the Kemerovo region competing
with other regions in terms of production scale, apart from the production of milk and eggs.
The high efficiency of milk and dairy production creates the conditions for the development
of competitive production.
In the current conditions, when the competitiveness of the Kemerovo region in the
production of agricultural products is low, the advantages created by the coal-mining industry
in the region should be used to improve the competitiveness of agriculture. The development of
agriculture in the region will promote the growth of the region's food self-sufficiency,
as well as the diversification of risks of the industrial enterprises through the expansion of
their activities.
The basis for the Kemerovo region agriculture competitiveness should be a favorable
investment climate, formed at the expense of the developed industrial production, the
possibility of producing the high added value food products due to the existence of
opportunities for deep processing of agricultural products and the development of cooperative
ties between enterprises of the region.
The mechanism is proposed for increasing the competitiveness of agriculture in the coal-
mining region using the Kemerovo region as an example (Figure 1).
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 Possibilities of Agriculture Competitiveness Increasing

Administration
Block

rs

Science and Indu Finance and

innovation block stry investment Block
Bloc
k

Figure 1 Mechanism for increasing the competitiveness of the Kemerovo Region agriculture
The impact on the food market is provided by the subjects related to 4 blocks:
administration, science and innovation, industry, finance and investment.
The administration block is represented by state authorities. Increasing the competitiveness
of the Kemerovo region agriculture [41-44] is possible only with the implementation of state
support, which may include state and municipal guarantees [45], subsidies, co-financing of
production modernization [46], foreign trade protection, land protection measures, development
of multi-format trade infrastructure, and development of trade in rural areas. The intensification
of production, the increase in the share of high added value products and the investment
attractiveness of the agro-industrial complex are possible due to the further development of the
agro-industrial cluster of the region [47-50]. Simultaneously with the influence on the sellers,
the administration block should support food consumers by regulating prices for socially
significant products, the multipack distributing among the most vulnerable strata of society
[51-53] and certificating food.
The science and innovation block is represented by such organizations as Kuzbass
Technopark JSC, Technology transfer center of Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute,
Kemerovo Agricultural Research Institute, and Kemerovo Agrarian Technical School. The
organizations of this block are responsible for training of highly qualified personnel for
agriculture, the development of technologies for deep processing of agricultural products [54].
The industrial block includes the largest industrial enterprises of the Kemerovo region,
which possess machinery, technologies and personnel necessary for production intensification
and deep processing of raw materials [55]. Also, industrial enterprises are interested in
investing in agriculture to diversify their own risks; additional incentives for them are the
measures of state support for agriculture [56]. The industrial block indirectly affects the
behavior of consumers, determining both a high level of per capita income, and high
requirements for food quality [57].
The finance and investment block is represented by the Kemerovo region State Public
Institution "Agency for attracting investment" and banking and credit institutions.
Their tasks in the sphere of increasing the competitiveness of agriculture in the coal-mining
region include lending to commodity producers, support for the implementation of investment
projects and assistance in finding business angels.
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Nikiforov S.A

4. CONCLUSION
Thus, in order to diversify the risks of industrial enterprises in coal-mining regions and improve
their socio-economic development, it is necessary to develop agricultural production that allows
producing high-value products with high added value. The advantage of coal-mining regions
over agrarian ones should be the developed links between industry as a source of investment,
research institutes and food producers [58; 59].
Increasing the competitiveness of agriculture in the Kemerovo region is possible due to the
intensification of production of dairy products and the development of fodder for dairy cattle,
increasing the added value of the flour and cereal industry based on the production of
biopolymers, gluten and thickeners using technologies of deep processing of raw materials, the
development of vegetable production through the introduction of modern greenhouse
technologies of the fifth generation.
Currently, there are objective difficulties in the development of agriculture of the Kemerovo
region, at the same time, we can talk about the existence of an urgent need for the development
of agriculture and the potential for such development [60; 61]. In the course of economic
reforms in the agricultural sector, the production potential is formed and planned to increase,
the further effective development of which largely depends on the stability of the integrated
development of rural areas, the activation of the human factor of economic growth. Increasing
the socio-economic potential of rural areas, making this process sustainable and irreversible is
a strategic objective of the agricultural policy of the Kemerovo region. Further
increase of the role and competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy largely
depends on the improvement of the qualitative characteristics of the labor resources in rural
areas, improving the level and quality of life in rural areas, a more complete use of available
labor resources, attracting and securing highly qualified personnel and in general solving the
problem of staffing the agricultural sector, taking into account unfavorable forecasts for the
next few years in relation to the demographic situation and the formation of the labor
resource potential of the village.

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Jurnal Internasional Teknik Mesin dan Teknologi (CANDRA)
Volume 9, Edisi 11, November 2018, hlm. 1401–1412, ID Artikel: CANDRA_09_11_144
Tersedia online http: / / www. iaeme.com/ c a n d r a / issues.asp? JType= C A N D R A & VType= 9 & IType= 1 1
ISSN Cetak: 0976- 6340 dan ISSN Daring: 0976-6359

© IAEME Publication Terindeks Scopus

KEMUNGKINAN PERTANIAN
DAYA SAING MENINGKAT
Mikhailushkin P.V
Universitas Agraria Negeri Kuban, Krasnodar, Rusia

Lubkova EM, Shilova A.E TF

Universitas Teknik Negeri Gorbachev Kuzbass, Kemerovo, Rusia

Zhuravlev P.V
Universitas Ekonomi Rusia Plekhanov, Moskow, Rusia

Karpenko EZ
Universitas Ekonomi Rusia, Moskow, Rusia

Nikiforov SA
Universitas Negeri Barat Daya, Kursk, Rusia

ABSTRAK
Saat ini terdapat ciri-ciripembangunan pertaniandidaerah pertambangan batu bara,
antara lain negatif: pangsa produksi pertanian yang tidak signifikandalam struktur GRP,
situasi lingkungan yang sulit, kondisi geografis yang kurang menarik untuk pengembangan
pertaniandibandingkan didaerahagraris,dan yang positif: sumber dayateknis dan
manusia yang tinggi, tingkatpendapatan perkapita yang lebih tinggi daripada
didaerahagraris,
tingkat kegiatan investasi yang tinggi. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian
terhadapkemungkinan- kemungkinan peningkatan dayasaingdaerah pertambangan batubara
perlu segera dikaji
dengan mempertimbangkan kekhususannya.

Kata kunci: Pasar Pangan; Ketahanan pangan; Kemandirian Pangan; Daya Saing
Pertanian.

Kutip Artikel ini: Mikhailushkin P.V, Lubkova EM, Shilova A.E, Zhuravlev P.V, Karpenko
EZ

Nikiforov SA, Kemungkinan Peningkatan Daya Saing Pertanian, Jurnal Internasional

Teknik Mesin dan Teknologi, 9(11), 2018, hlm. 1401– 1412.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/ issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=11

1. PERKENALAN
Isu ketahanan pangan di tingkat negara dan ketahanan pangan di tingkat daerah menarik
perhatian banyak ilmuwan modern [1; 2].

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 Mikhailushkin P.V, Lubkova EM, Shilova A.E, Zhuravlev P.V, Karpenko EZ Nikiforov SA

Ketahanan pangan masih menjadi salah satu topik terpenting dalam agenda masyarakat ekonomi
dunia, namun jika puluhan tahun lalu isu aksesibilitas fisik dan ekonomi pangan menjadi
pertimbangan utama, aspek kualitas jaminan ketahanan pangan, serta masalah swasembada pangan
berada di
garis depan [3].
Pemecahan masalah ketahanan pangan di tingkat daerah, di satu sisi, tentunya logis dan
disebabkan oleh diferensiasi yang signifikan dalam pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi di wilayah
Federasi Rusia, dan sebagai akibatnya, perbedaan tingkat yang tajam. aksesibilitas ekonomi pangan
di berbagai wilayah. Di sisi lain, tren ini menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam penilaian
ketahanan pangan di wilayah tertentu, yang tidak memungkinkan penilaian yang efektif dari
karakteristik pasar makanan di tingkat distrik federal, dan ada juga masalah dalam
menentukan tingkat makanan. keamanan entitas konstituen federasi.

Mempertimbangkan kemungkinan pengembangan pertanian masyarakat individu, dapat dicatat

bahwa kondisi iklim dan geografis, potensi industri dan tenaga kerja menentukan kemungkinan
pengembangan pertanian dan daya saingnya [4-8].
Mempertahankan fungsi pertanian yang efektif adalah dasar dari pasokan pangan daerah.
Kawasan industri memiliki ciri-ciri fungsi dan pengembangan pertanian, antara lain: pangsa produk
pertanian yang tidak signifikan dalam struktur GRP, situasi lingkungan yang sulit, kondisi geografis
yang kurang menarik untuk pengembangan pertanian dibandingkan dengan kawasan agraris, potensi
teknis dan manusia yang tinggi , tingkat pendapatan per kapita yang lebih tinggi daripada di daerah
agraris, harapan hidup yang relatif rendah, tingkat kegiatan investasi yang tinggi [9-12].
Jenis industri tertentu memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap kompleks agroindustri di suatu wilayah [13].

2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Ilmuwan seperti C. Zopounidis, N. Kalogeras, K. Mattas, G. van Dijk, G. Baourakis, AI
Altukhov, VV Drokin, AS Zhuravlyov, A. Jambor, S. Babu, IM Sheldon [14-18] mengabdikan penelitian
mereka untuk mempelajari masalah ketahanan pangan global dan nasional.

Sejumlah peneliti mendesak untuk mempertimbangkan masalah ketahanan pangan di tingkat

daerah [19-22]. Untuk negara-negara besar, perbedaan regional dalam pengembangan kompleks
agroindustri sangat nyata. Perhatian para ilmuwan juga tertuju pada masalah daya saing finansial
pertanian [23; 24].
Pengaruh industri batu bara terhadap fungsi pertanian daerah sangat nyata.
Di satu sisi, pengembangan industri batu bara berkontribusi terhadap urbanisasi, yang mengurangi
peluang pengembangan pertanian di komunitas individu [25], dan biaya industri batu bara adalah
pencemaran lingkungan yang tak terhindarkan, yang berdampak negatif pada produksi pangan.
peluang [26]. Hal ini dicontohkan oleh China, di mana pencemaran badan air yang signifikan
memperburuk kekurangan air dan menimbulkan kekhawatiran tentang kontaminasi tanah dan
keamanan pangan [27-29]. Di sisi lain, dapat dicatat efek positif dari pengembangan industri batubara
pada pertanian dan industri makanan: proyek di bidang pertambangan dapat berkontribusi pada
elektrifikasi dan katalisasi infrastruktur energi di pedesaan [30-32], batubara pengembangan industri
di daerah terpencil dan sulit dijangkau dapat membantu daya saing produsen produk pertanian lokal
dengan mengurangi biaya transportasi mereka [33].

3. METODOLOGI Monografi

dan metode penelitian ekonomi-statistik digunakan dalam artikel.

Dalam artikel ini harga rata-rata produsen untuk jenis produk pertanian tertentu
dan indikator efisiensi produksi pertanian telah diteliti.

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 Kemungkinan Daya Saing Pertanian Meningkat

4. HASIL Penting
untuk menemukan solusi atas masalah kemungkinan menghasilkan produk pertanian yang
kompetitif untuk daerah yang terlibat dalam pertambangan batubara. Daya saing pertanian di
wilayah pertambangan batubara diusulkan untuk dipahami sebagai kemampuan pertanian
daerah untuk menghasilkan pangan yang dapat bersaing harga dan kualitas dengan analog
yang ditawarkan untuk impor melalui penggunaan produksi, inovasi, investasi, sumber daya
manusia. potensi di wilayah pertambangan batubara dan langkah-langkah dukungan pemerintah [34; 35].
Studi tentang daya saing pertanian industri pertambangan batubara dilakukan dan
kemungkinan peningkatannya dipertimbangkan pada contoh wilayah Kemerovo.
Wilayah Kemerovo adalah kawasan industri yang khas; industri batu bara yang maju
menentukan ciri-ciri wilayah tersebut Seperti urbanisasi yang tinggi (populasi perkotaan
lebih dari 85%), pendapatan penduduk yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah tetangga,
potensi produksi dan ketersediaan investasi, harapan hidup yang rendah dan keberadaan sejumlah ling
Wilayah Kemerovo memiliki ciri-ciri fungsi dan perkembangan pertanian, antara lain
pangsa produk pertanian yang tidak signifikan dan menurun dalam struktur produk regional
bruto, situasi ekologis yang sulit, kondisi geografis yang kurang menarik untuk
pengembangan pertanian dibandingkan di wilayah pertanian.
Defisit anggaran, kurangnya investasi, hasil keuangan organisasi yang berimbang
negatif, perkembangan industri ekstraktif dan non-manufaktur yang lebih cepat, indeks
harga yang meningkat dari produsen barang industri dan peningkatan bagian populasi
dengan pendapatan moneter di bawah subsisten tingkat, pertumbuhan pengangguran
menimbulkan ancaman bagi perekonomian daerah [36-40].
Selama periode lima tahun, produksi pertanian meningkat lebih dari satu setengah kali
lipat, sementara pangsa pertanian dalam produk regional bruto selama periode tersebut
tetap tidak signifikan. Wilayah Kemerovo menghasilkan 57,4 miliar rubel produk pertanian pada 2016.
Indeks harga produsen pertanian dibandingkan dengan indeks harga produsen industri
tidak mengalami lonjakan tajam, dan harga produsen pertanian mengalami penurunan pada
tahun 2015-2016.

Kita dapat mengatakan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan produk pertanian bersifat ambigu.
Meskipun populasi menurun, pendapatan bulanan rata-rata yang stabil dan proporsi
populasi yang tinggi yang bekerja di industri menentukan peningkatan persyaratan kualitas makanan.
Tingkat pasar pangan lokal mencirikan peluang pengembangan pertanian secara negatif,
terlihat jelas bahwa saat ini perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah untuk memperbaikinya.
Produksi regional dicirikan oleh biaya tinggi, yang terkait dengan tingginya tarif bahan
baku, transportasi, listrik, dan kekhasan pertanian di wilayah pertanian berisiko.

Karakteristik faktor eksternal yang menentukan kemungkinan pengembangan pertanian

wilayah Kemerovo diberikan (Tabel 1).

Tabel 1. Ciri-ciri faktor eksternal yang menentukan kemungkinan berkembangnya pertanian

di wilayah Kemerovo
Faktor Ciri
Sedikit penurunan populasi wilayah Kemerovo. Penurunan alami
Demografi dan migrasi populasi. Mengurangi proporsi penduduk pedesaan.
Tingkat urbanisasi yang tinggi, arus keluar penduduk usia kerja
dari pedesaan.
Wilayah Kemerovo sebagai kawasan industri dicirikan oleh pendapatan per
Penghasilan orang
kapita yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah pertanian tetangganya.

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 Mikhailushkin P.V, Lubkova EM, Shilova A.E, Zhuravlev P.V, Karpenko EZ Nikiforov
SA

Faktor Ciri
Tingkat
perkembangan Infrastruktur pasar makanan regional yang belum berkembang. Penanganan tinggi
biaya.
pasar regional
Tarif untuk listrik dan
gas, Tarif listrik dan gas yang tinggi dan naik. Tingginya proporsi biaya transportasi
transportasi, bahan bakar dan bahan bakar dalam biaya makanan.
sumber daya

Rubel
Nilai tukar mata uang nasional yang tidak stabil.
kurs
Ada subsidi 127.664.437 ribu rubel kepada produsen yang melakukan
Negara modernisasi produksi dan menerapkan kegiatan teknologi inovatif.
Dukungan untuk usaha kecil, dukungan kredit danjaminan negara
Peraturan
untuk pertanian dan pembangunan berkelanjutan wilayah pedesaan
di wilayah Kemerovo pada 2014-2020
Karakteristik faktor internal yang menentukan potensi pengembangan agro
kompleks industri wilayah Kemerovo diberikan (Tabel 2).

Tabel 2. Ciri-ciri faktor eksternal yang menentukan kemungkinan berkembangnya pertanian di

wilayah Kemerovo

Faktor
Produktivitas tenaga kerja
Pemanfaatan kapasitas
Upah rata-rata
Kondisi keuangan
perusahaan
Tingkat perkembangan
pendidikan kejuruan
Tingkat pengembangan
basis ilmiah dan
terapan
Tingkat perkembangan
layanan bisnis terkait
Ciri
Produktivitas tenaga kerja rendah, sebagian besar peralatan usang
Tingkat pemanfaatan kapasitas yang rendah untuk semua jenis produk pertanian.
Tingkat penggunaan kapasitas tahunan rata-rata untuk produksi daging
dan produk sampingan hewan potong untuk tahun 2016 adalah 20%,
untuk produksi produk susu murni (dalam bentuk susu)
55,3%. Gaji rata-rata menurut jenis kegiatan ekonomi “pertanian,
perburuan,
dan kehutanan” pada tahun 2016 berjumlah 18.940 rubel, kurang dari
65 % dari gaji rata-rata di wilayah tersebut. Gaji rata-rata menurut
jenis kegiatan ekonomi “produksi produk makanan, termasuk
minuman dan tembakau” pada tahun 2016 berjumlah 22.007 rubel.
Tingginya proporsi perusahaan yang tidak menguntungkan.
Tingginya perkembangan pendidikan kejuruan: potensi keilmuan
di bidang pertanian diwakili oleh organisasi seperti Kemerovo State
Agricultural Institute, KemNIISH dan lain-lain.
Pengembangan ilmiah pertanian termasuk dalam prioritas kawasan.
Dukungan negara disediakan untuk pertanian maju.
Tinggi dan berkembang

Tingkat perkembangan
lingkungan informasi Tinggi dan berkembang

Jadi, saat ini faktor-faktor yang tidak menguntungkan untuk pengembangan produksi pertanian
telah berkembang di wilayah Kemerovo: aset tetap banyak perusahaan sudah usang, bagian
perusahaan yang tidak menguntungkan tinggi, dan upah di bidang pertanian dan industri makanan
cukup rendah, yang berkontribusi untuk degradasi lebih lanjut dari desa di wilayah Kemerovo.
Namun, pada saat yang sama, faktor-faktor yang menguntungkan dari akses ke sumber daya tidak berwujud tela

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 Kemungkinan Daya Saing Pertanian Meningkat

perlu diperhatikan potensi ilmiah yang tinggi di kawasan tersebut, yang dapat digunakan
untuk memperkenalkan inovasi dalam kegiatan perusahaan di kawasan Kemerovo, yang
akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan efisiensi industri.
Untuk mempelajari peluang bersaing harga dengan produsen daerah tetangga,
dipelajari harga rata-rata produsen untuk jenis produk pertanian tertentu pada tahun 2016
(Tabel 3).

Tabel 3. Harga produsen rata-rata untuk jenis produk tertentu, rubel / ton

Indikator Daerah
Wilayah Wilayah Wilayah
wilayah Altai
Gandum hitam
Kemerovo Novosibirsk Tomsk
6038 6109 6865 5483
Sereal dan kacang-kacangan
Gandum 8783 11478 8884 8662

Kentang 9238 9425 8800 9614

12551 10424 10069 6623
Sapi (berat karkas)
Babi (berat karkas) 168035 185112 175236 153123
154178 139566 140000 170967
Unggas (berat karkas)
Susu sapi mentah 105580 98552 118015 99658

Tomat 22597 22127 21402 22543

Mentimun 74223 77330 77518 n/

80428 76497 82854 a 98259
Telur ayam
3945 3293 4053 3720
* disusun oleh penulis berdasarkan data statistik https://www.fedstat.ru
Telah ditetapkan bahwa wilayah Kemerovo memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dalam harga
dalam produksi daging dan produk daging, yang merupakan prasyarat yang menguntungkan
untuk pengembangan produksi daging dan peningkatan lebih lanjut dalam ekspor produk
jenis ini ke daerah tetangga.
Sebaliknya, produksi susu di wilayah Kemerovo cukup mahal bagi produsennya; harga
rata-rata produsen susu di wilayah Kemerovo jauh lebih tinggi daripada di wilayah tetangga.

Saat ini, wilayah Kemerovo sepenuhnya menyediakan kentang untuk dirinya sendiri,
tetapi produksi sendiri yang begitu tinggi tidak menguntungkan wilayah tersebut: harga
produsen kentang hampir dua kali lipat dari harga produsen di wilayah Tomsk dan 20-30%
lebih tinggi dari harga harga produsen di daerah lain. Situasi serupa khas untuk produksi tomat dan me
Dengan demikian, kawasan Kemerovo sebagai kawasan industri yang khas tidak
memiliki keunggulan dalam hal harga produk pangan di kawasan tetangga; Oleh karena
itu, diperlukan pertukaran komoditas produk pangan yang rasional antara kawasan
Kemerovo dengan kawasan tetangga, serta pencarian titik pertumbuhan kompleks
agroindustri di kawasan industri. Indikator efisiensi produksi pertanian di wilayah ini dipertimbangkan (

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 Mikhailushkin P.V, Lubkova EM, Shilova A.E, Zhuravlev P.V, Karpenko EZ
Nikiforov SA

Tabel 4. Indikator daya saing non harga pertanian

Daerah
Indikator Wilayah Altai Wilayah Wilayah
Kemerovo wilayah Novosibir 24136 Tomsk
Produksi susu per sapi, kilogram. 4168 4280
Rata-rata bertelur tahunan dari ayam petelur 314 314 3 311
peternakan, potongan Hasil 3
1
sereal dan kacang-kacangan (dalam berat
setelah diproses, seratus kilogram per hektar 17,1 11,0 15,3
14,5
Produksi susu per sapi, kilogram. 4168 4136 4280
Rata-rata bertelur tahunan dari ayam petelur 3724
314 314 311
peternakan, potongan Hasil
3
sereal dan kacang-kacangan (dalam berat 3
setelah diproses, seratus kilogram per hektar 17,1 11,0 1
15,3

14,5 339,9

300,3
Area tanam, ribuan hektar 971,7 5394,3 233
9,9
panen gabah kotor (dalam berat 85,4
1034,1 3940,4
setelah diproses), ribuan hektar 219 138,8
Stok ternak se ibu ekor sapi
6,5
192,4 807,8 140,3
471,3
Stok babi, ribuan ekor babi 383,2 Prod 1k0s,9i susu , ri 9 a,9n ton 661,5 *
disusun oleh pen ali abset iastaikr an adtia 4 1j iak, ai tibke ta k 0: twe t n.f
dstat.ru ketidakmungkinan Wilayah Kemerovo bersaing

dengan daerah lain dalam hal skala produksi, selain produksi susu dan telur.
Efisiensi produksi susu dan susu yang tinggi menciptakan kondisi untuk pengembangan
produksi yang kompetitif.
Dalam kondisi saat ini, ketika daya saing wilayah Kemerovo dalam produksi produk
pertanian rendah, keunggulan yang diciptakan oleh industri pertambangan batubara di
wilayah tersebut harus digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya saing pertanian. Pembangunan
pertanian di daerah akan mendorong pertumbuhan swasembada pangan daerah, serta
diversifikasi risiko perusahaan industri melalui perluasan kegiatan mereka.
Dasar daya saing pertanian wilayah Kemerovo harus menjadi iklim investasi yang
menguntungkan, dibentuk dengan mengorbankan produksi industri yang dikembangkan,
kemungkinan menghasilkan produk makanan bernilai tambah tinggi karena adanya peluang
untuk pemrosesan mendalam produk pertanian dan pengembangan hubungan kerjasama
antar perusahaan daerah.
Mekanisme peningkatan daya saing pertanian di wilayah pertambangan batubara
diusulkan dengan menggunakan wilayah Kemerovo sebagai contoh (Gambar 1).

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 Kemungkinan Daya Saing Pertanian Meningkat

Administrasi
Memblokir

pasar makanan daerah

Peternakan
Konsumen

Sains dan inovasi Keuangan dan investasi

Industri
memblokir Memblokir Memblokir

Gambar 1 Mekanisme peningkatan daya saing pertanian Wilayah Kemerovo

Dampak pada pasar makanan diberikan oleh mata pelajaran yang terkait dengan 4 blok: administrasi,
sains dan inovasi, industri, keuangan dan investasi.
Blok administrasi diwakili oleh otoritas negara. Meningkatkan daya saing pertanian wilayah
Kemerovo [41-44] hanya dimungkinkan dengan penerapan dukungan negara, yang dapat
mencakup jaminan negara bagian dan kota [45], subsidi, pembiayaan bersama untuk modernisasi
produksi [46], perlindungan perdagangan luar negeri, langkah-langkah perlindungan tanah,
pengembangan infrastruktur perdagangan multi-format, dan pengembangan perdagangan di
daerah pedesaan. Intensifikasi produksi, peningkatan pangsa produk bernilai tambah tinggi dan
daya tarik investasi kompleks agroindustri dimungkinkan karena pengembangan lebih lanjut dari
klaster agroindustri di wilayah tersebut [47-50]. Bersamaan dengan pengaruh terhadap penjual,
blok administrasi harus mendukung konsumen makanan dengan mengatur harga produk yang
signifikan secara sosial, distribusi multipak di antara strata masyarakat yang paling rentan [51-53]
dan sertifikasi makanan.
Blok sains dan inovasi diwakili oleh organisasi seperti Kuzbass Technopark JSC, pusat
transfer teknologi Institut Pertanian Negeri Kemerovo, Institut Penelitian Pertanian Kemerovo, dan
Sekolah Teknik Agraria Kemerovo. Organisasi blok ini bertanggung jawab atas pelatihan personel
berkualifikasi tinggi untuk pertanian, pengembangan teknologi untuk pemrosesan mendalam
produk pertanian [54].
Blok industri mencakup perusahaan industri terbesar di wilayah Kemerovo, yang memiliki
mesin, teknologi, dan personel yang diperlukan untuk intensifikasi produksi dan pemrosesan
mendalam bahan mentah [55]. Juga, perusahaan industri tertarik untuk berinvestasi di bidang
pertanian untuk mendiversifikasi risiko mereka sendiri; insentif tambahan bagi mereka adalah
langkah-langkah dukungan negara untuk pertanian [56]. Blok industri secara tidak langsung
mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen, menentukan tingkat pendapatan per kapita yang tinggi, dan persyaratan kua
Blok keuangan dan investasi diwakili oleh Publik Negara Bagian Kemerovo
Lembaga "Badan untuk menarik investasi" dan lembaga perbankan dan kredit.
Tugas mereka di bidang peningkatan daya saing pertanian di wilayah pertambangan batu bara
antara lain memberikan pinjaman kepada produsen komoditas, mendukung pelaksanaan proyek
investasi dan membantu menemukan malaikat bisnis.

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 Mikhailushkin P.V, Lubkova EM, Shilova A.E, Zhuravlev P.V, Karpenko EZ Nikiforov
SA

4 . KESIMPULAN

Dengan demikian, untuk mendiversifikasi risiko usaha industri di wilayah pertambangan batubara
dan meningkatkan pembangunan sosial ekonominya, perlu dikembangkan produksi pertanian
yang memungkinkan menghasilkan produk bernilai tinggi dengan nilai tambah tinggi. Keunggulan
daerah tambang batu bara dibandingkan daerah agraris harus dikembangkan hubungan antara
industri sebagai sumber investasi, lembaga penelitian dan produsen pangan [ 5 8 ; 5 9 ] .
Peningkatan daya saing pertanian di wilayah Kemerovo dimungkinkan karena intensifikasi
produksi produk susu dan pengembangan pakan ternak sapi perah, meningkatkan nilai tambah
industri tepung dan sereal berdasarkan produksi biopolimer, gluten dan pengental menggunakan
teknologi pengolahan bahan mentah secara mendalam, pengembangan produksi sayuran melalui
pengenalan teknologi rumah kaca modern dari generasi kelima.

Saat ini terdapat kesulitan obyektif dalam pengembangan pertanian di wilayah Kemerovo,
pada saat yang sama, kita dapat berbicara tentang adanya kebutuhan mendesak untuk
pengembangan pertanian dan potensi pengembangan tersebut [60; 61]. Dalam perjalanan
reformasi ekonomi di sektor pertanian, potensi produksi dibentuk dan direncanakan untuk
ditingkatkan, pengembangan efektif lebih lanjut yang sangat bergantung pada stabilitas
pembangunan pedesaan yang terintegrasi, aktivasi faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi manusia.
Meningkatkan potensi sosial ekonomi pedesaan, menjadikan proses ini berkelanjutan dan tidak
dapat diubah merupakan tujuan strategis kebijakan pertanian wilayah Kemerovo. Peningkatan
lebih lanjut dari peran dan daya saing ekonomi sektor pertanian sangat bergantung pada
peningkatan karakteristik kualitatif sumber daya tenaga kerja di pedesaan, peningkatan tingkat
dan kualitas hidup di pedesaan, penggunaan sumber daya tenaga kerja yang tersedia secara lebih
lengkap. , menarik dan mengamankan personel yang berkualifikasi tinggi dan secara umum
menyelesaikan masalah kepegawaian sektor pertanian, dengan mempertimbangkan prakiraan
yang tidak menguntungkan untuk beberapa tahun ke depan sehubungan dengan situasi demografis dan pembe

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