Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES 2019)

IEEE Conference Record # 45898; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-1261-9

FLOOD AND EARTHQUAKE DETECTION

AND RESCUE USING IOT TECHNOLOGY

Venita Babu Dr.Vishnu Rajan

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology
Thrissur, India Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology
venitababu51@gmail.com Thrissur,India
vishnurajan@sahrdaya.ac.in
Abstract – Flood and earthquake are one of the most devastating Even though significant progress has been made during the last
natural disasters in the world. Such natural disasters deleteriously decade in the field of developing and implementing efficient flood
affect the environment, lives of human, etc. which indirectly affect and earthquake observatory and warning system, there are a lot of
the economy of the country. Due to such natural disasters, there is a challenges faced by the researchers. There is a need for an intelligent
decline in the death rate of the human and fauna. So we should have flood and earthquake observatory and warning system which is fast,
a monitoring and observatory flood and earthquake detection efficient, simple and accurate. Flood and earthquake observatory and
system. The proposed system based on IOT technology gives a real- warning system using IOT is a new technology to implement an
time analysis of flood and earthquake and so that the authority can efficient flood and earthquake observatory and warning system with
monitor flood and earthquake affected areas. This paper highlights
the Flood and earthquake Observatory System as a warning and
high security and researchers are showing great interest in this
alert system to efficiently monitor the critical flood prone and technology. Also, this can develop and implement flood and
earthquake areas in real time basis baring the cost and safety earthquake observatory and warning system that will help to save
measures. The proposed system also alerts the authority regarding lives of society, and the economy of the country.
the presence of a human in the area. It also provides backup supply
for emergency situations using solar energy. Design of the proposed The first section in this paper gives a general idea about
system includes integrating sensors to the microcontroller, RF the flood and earthquake detection system and its associated
transmitter, and receiver for long-range communication, and Thing
Speak IOT platform for examining and visualizing sensor values
problems and find out a general solution to it.Second section explains
which have been uploaded. about the proposed system which is explained through block diagram
having pole unit and home unit. Third section explains about the
Keywords—SmartCity, Water Quality Monitoring, WSN, LoRa, technical descriptions of various modules used in the proposed
LoRaWAN, IoT, LPWAN system. Fourth section explains about the result analysis through
proteus simulation and hardware interfacing of the proposed system.
Last section includes conclusion and future scope
I. INTRODUCTION
Natural disasters are a worldwide phenomenon. Recently
hurricanes, floods, tides, etc. have illustrated along with the
differences in the effects of disasters on developed compared to II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
developing countries like India [1]. An effective solution to such The proposed system is a warning and alert system to monitor
natural disasters is by giving people adequate time to evacuate and efficiently critical flood prone and earthquake areas in real time
protect their property. If people knew about the flood was coming, basis. The system includes a water level sensor (float sensor)
many lives and property could be saved. which detects water level intensity and gives alert to house
Flood and earthquake are crucial disasters in the world member. There are 4 types of alert given i.e.; green bulb indicates
affecting the economic status of the country in the form of natural no danger, orange bulb-low level danger, blue bulb- medium
resources, lives of human and fauna, economic properties, danger, red bulb – high danger. Each color bulb is on in each alert.
environment, and other infrastructure [2]. The extent of flood and When water level increases to mid-level itself (blue bulb turns on),
earthquake damages depends on the certain measures and steps through hooter dangerous siren is alerted and alert the authorities
taken by the responsible authorities especially government officials by providing messages through GSM, and even nearby house
during such a critical period. member will also be alerted. The system even detects an
Internet of things (IoT) is emerging technology that earthquake by using a vibration sensor (accelerometer/ gyroscope)
Connects anything and everything to the Internet[3]. IoT is the and provide alert to authorities through GSM. In such flood-prone
technology rapidly widens according to the usage. This technology areas, they may not be the current supply. So we provide solar
brings out new technology such as natural disaster monitoring. IoT energy through the solar panel to charge the whole system and
technologies in detecting the activity of natural disasters like flood provide a slot to charge our mobiles. Through RF transmitter
and earthquake helps to rescue the lives of people wirelessly communicate to the pole unit section through RF
Natural disasters such as flood and earthquake that receiver, a dangerous siren(hooter) is alerted in pole section
occurs in different places around the world which has become a indicating blue bulb on, so that other human near to pole unit can
critical problem[4]. Thus there is a need for a Flood and earthquake try out to help the people affected by a flood. Presence of rain can
observatory and warning system which can save lives of human, be detected by the rain sensor. The gateway here is ESP Wi-Fi
environment, an economy of the country. Recently Kerala faced module. The gateway then transmits the sensor data packets to the
dangerous floods which resulted in deaths of human, fauna and ThingSpeak cloud server over internet protocol and we can
destroyed the environment of the state which reduced the economic monitor the sensor values in ThingSpeak API and also in internet-
status of the state. To solve such issues and creating a remedy such enabled devices and through GPS( location tracking) is possible
as introducing early warning, detection, and rescue system of flood which helps them to locate and trace people who are affected by
and earthquake. flood and earthquake.

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 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES 2019)
IEEE Conference Record # 45898; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-1261-9

III.TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONS
3.1. Arduino Mega2560
Arduino Mega 2560 is used for projects that contain more
input/output pins, RAM (random access memory and more
memory space [5]. It is used in many robotics projects. It
contains 54 digital I/O pins (14 can be used as PWM outputs)
and 16 analog inputs. It is programmed using Arduino software
(IDE-integrated development environment) using C language. It
also consists of 4 UARTS (serial ports), USB connection, a
power jack, ICSP header, reset button,16MHZ crystal oscillator
and can be simply connected to the computer with USB cable or
power it with AC-to-DC adapter

Figure 1: Pole unit of proposed system

Figure 3: Arduino Mega2560

3.2. Water level sensor

Water level sensor is also known as float sensor to detect
the water level increased or decreased in terms of resistance
varying. It consists of float connected to potentiometer.

Figure 4: Water level sensor

3.3.Rain sensor module

Presence and intensity of rainfall are detected by the rain
sensor module [6]. When raindrop falls on raining board,
module act as a switch. It contains features such as
potentiometer (to adjust sensitivity), LED (power indicator).
Here rain board and control board are separate for convenience.
It produces the analog output. The module is connected to the
5V power supply. When the induction board has no raindrop,
LED turns on i.e.; Do output is high. When it has a little
number of raindrops, Do output is low.
Figure 2: The Proposed Flood and earthquake detection and
rescue using IOT technology Home unit

978-1-7281-1261-9/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 1257

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 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES 2019)
IEEE Conference Record # 45898; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-1261-9

3.7. LCD-Liquid crystal display (16*2)

It is an electronic display module .These modules are preferred
over seven segments.LCD’s are economical and easily
programmable. It can display 16 characters

Figure 5: Rain sensor module

3.4. MPU6050 - Accelerometer and Gyroscope

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)-MPU6050

consists of a 3-axis Accelerometer and 3-axis Gyroscope inside it
[7]. It measures acceleration, velocity, orientation, displacement,
and other motion- related parameters .to perform complex
Figure 9: Liquid crystal display
calculation, DMP( digital motion processor) is used which is
present inside the module.MPU6050 sensor can be interfaced to
3.8. RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
the microcontroller using AD0 pin.
The RF module operates at Radio Frequency (30 kHz & 300
GHz)[10]. If there is an obstruction between transmitter & receiver,
radio frequency signals can travel. Radio frequency signals are
more strong and reliable than the Infrared signals. RF module
consists of two devices known as RF Transmitter and RF Receiver.
The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair has an operating frequency of
about 434 MHz. The RF module consists of a pair of
encoder/decoder. HT12Eis used for encoding parallel data
transmission while the reception is decoded by a HT12D.

Figure 6: MPU6050-Accelerometer and Gyroscope

3.5. GPS-Global positioning system

GPS is known as global positioning system which transmits

microwave signals [8]. It determines position i.e.; location in terms
of latitude and longitude

Figure 10: RF transmitter and receiver

3.9. SOLAR PANEL

Solar panels that generates power from the sun which converts
sunlight to electricity [11].12-volt panel size of about 25 inches by 54
inches contains 36 cells which are wired in series connection to
produce about 17 volts output

Figure 7: GPS-Global positioning system

3.6. GSM Modem
A GSM modem performs like a mobile phone consisting of SIM
card (subscriber identity module) [9].It is used for sending and
receiving messages to regarding persons or authorities
Figure 11: Solar panel

Figure 8: GSM Modem

978-1-7281-1261-9/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 1258

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 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES 2019)
IEEE Conference Record # 45898; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-1261-9

3.10. ESP8266 Module
ESP8266 is power-packed module and capable of onboard
processing and storage capability that can be integrated with the
sensors and other specific devices through its general purpose
input/output pins with minimum development up-front and
minimum loading during runtime [12].This module is pre-
programmed by AT command. By simply connecting this to your
arduino device and get about as much Wi-Fi ability
the project is done in Proteus. The simulation result is shown in
the figure 14. Accelerometer sensor, Rain sensor, and Water
level sensor (Float sensor) values displaying on LCD have been
included in the simulation. Messaging to authorities is done
through GSM and its commands displayed on virtual window in
Proteus.The PCB design of the system is done in Proteus ARES.

Figure 12: ESP8266 Module

3.11. LM317 Circuit

Solar charger circuit is used to charge lead-acid batteries or Ni-Cd
using solar power. This Circuit harvests solar energy to charge a
12- volt 1. 2Ah battery for various applications. The charger Figure 15: Simulation of the Project
circuit has voltage and current regulation cut-off facilities. While
adjusting the adjustment pin, voltage and output current can be In above simulation, there is also alert system showing 4 types of
regulated LED (green-normal, yellow and blue-midlevel, red-danger level)
are shown in Proteus.

Figure 13: solar charger with current regulation and cutoff

3.12.Power supply
The input to the circuit is obtained from the regulated power supply.
Normally devices work in dc supply, so here diodes are used for
rectification purpose to convert incoming ac supply to dc supply and Figure 16: Schematic layout of the Project done in Proteus
and voltage regulator (7805) is to convert incoming dc supply of 12V
12V to 5V and capacitors is used to pure dc voltage

Figure 14: Power supply Figure 17: PCB output of LM317 CIRCUIT
IV.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The Flood and earthquake detection and rescue using IOT 1259
technology system presented a good performance. Simulation of
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 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES 2019)
IEEE Conference Record # 45898; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-1261-9

devices. Also, the system can be extended to IoT based other

natural disaster detection system

REFERENCES
[1] Elizabeth Basha, Daniela Rus, “Design of Early Warning Flood Detection
Systems for Developing Countries”, IEEE 2007
[2] Rifaat Abdalla , Keith Niall, “WebGIS-based Flood Emergency
Management Scenario”, International Conference on Advanced
Geographic Information Systems & Web Services,2009

[3] Mohamad Nazrin Napiah, Mohd Yamani Idna Idris,Ismail

Ahmedy,Md Asri Ngadi, “Flood Alerts System with Android
Application”, ©2017 IEEE
Z.N. Khalil Wafi , Mohd Fareq Abd.Malek, Sateaa Hikmat alnajjar,
[4]
R.Badlishah Ahmad , “Early warning system for Disaster management in
rural area”, International Symposium on Technology Management and
Emerging Technologies (ISTMET), August 25 - 27, 2015,Langkawi,
Figure 18: PCB output of GPS showing latitude and longitude Kedah, Malaysia,2015

The above figure explains about GPS hardware [5] www.smarter.com/Arduinos/look here
interfacing to arduino mega 2560 microcontroller
[6] www.answersite.com/rainsensors/search no more
and LCD displaying latitude and longitude values
[7] components101.com/sensors/mpu6050 module

[8] www.smarter.com/GPS satellites/look no further

[9] www.nowsms.com/faq/what-is-a gsm-modem

[10] in.zapmetasearch.com/rf modules

[11] www.teoma.co.uk/solarpanels/seenow

[12] www.teoma.co.uk/about wifi/search no more

.
Figure 19: Final PCB output of Flood and earthquake
detection and rescue using IOT technology

The sensor data packets from the RF receiver are picked up by

the gateway ESP Wi-Fi module. Sensor nodes and the base
stations (gateway) communication goes over the wireless
channel utilizing the RF technology. Gateways connect to the
internet and relay messages to the central network server using
the standard IP protocol. Here the network server is ThingSpeak
cloud-based platform. It provides live visualizations of data
measured by sensors. We can send our data to be stored, to a
ThingSpeak channel. Each channel can store up to 8 fields of
data. We can monitor data from the phone, laptop or any other
internet-enabled devices by login to ThingSpeak account.

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Designing and implementation of Flood and earthquake
detection and rescue using IOT technology is successfully
completed. The system is able to monitor the water level
sensor, accelerometer sensor, rain sensor to detect the
presence of flood and earthquake to alert house hold members
and authorities. The system performed well as per the design.
By analyzing various technologies it is better understood that
IOT.. The future work includes visualizing the location of
flood and earthquake affected area in ThingSpeak IoT
1260
platform and monitoring those data on internet enabled
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