IOT BASED FLOOD MANAGEMENT AND

ALERTING SYSTEM

Prof. Ramachandra C
Department of EEE, RRIT, Bengaluru-90 Department of EEE, RRIT, Bengalore-90
ramachandra07041992@gmail.com

Abstract— Nowadays, certain actions are taken to improve the level of cleanliness in the country. People are getting more
active in doing all the things to clean their surroundings. Various movements are also started by the government to
increase cleanliness. We will try to build a system which will notify the corporations to empty the bin on time. In this
system we will put a sensor on top of the garbage bin which will detect the total level of garbage inside it according to the
total size of bin. When the garbage will reach the maximum level, a notification will be sent to the corporation’s office,
and then employees can take further actions to empty the bin. This system will help in cleaning the city in a better way.
By using this system people do not have to check all the systems manually, but they will get a notification when the bin is
filled.
Index Terms—Raspberry PI, Ultrasonic sensor, IoT, GSM (Global system for Mobile communication), WLAN.

I. INTRODUCTION temporal correlation in order to obtain early

Flood monitoring is a particularly
challenging application for Internet of Things
(IoT). In fact, it offers a complex scenario for
the variety and number of sensors involved, their location
and relative communication problems. The type of sensors
involved in the process and the corresponding type of
installation depend on the kind of collected data and on their
geo-localization (i.e., urban areas, where powering and
communication are relatively simple, or in remote and
difficult to access mountainous or country locations). The
kind of data collected ranges from rain monitoring to river
gauging with several parameters to be monitored and
compared. In the case of rivers, the problem depends on
their size and dimension and geography of the region where
they flow, if they are small creeks or wide rivers, if they
flow in a steep or fiat area, in open air or are channeled
underground, etc.
From this point of view, we already activated
different collaborations and definitions of common goals
with public administrations involved in the management of
the experimental areas. To this aim, we designed a general
hardware and software loT infrastructure and architecture
applicable to the environmental problem mentioned above,
but extensible to the more general problem of monitoring
the environment in densely inhabited areas.
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Our research will be an element of great
importance to train specific risk management and to
deliver elements of innovation and encouragement for the
definition of land management strategies both on the local
and regional scale. Moreover, this research will help to
provide knowledge and tools for effective decision making
and public engagement. In particular, we detail the sensor
classes (their design for the new ones), their
communication mechanisms and associated software
services as components of a general IoT infrastructure. The
aim is to monitor either rainfalls, river discharge or their
alarming Information. In our IoT approach, all
collected data will be continuously transmitted,
through the Internet communication infrastructure,
to software components designed to compute the stream-
flow and to quantify the spatial distribution of flood risk
for each controlled watershed. The computed risks,
together with data coming from other sources (barometric
and river discharge sensors, cameras operators of public
organizations, emergency agencies, private citizens), will
be examined by a diagnostic decision system implementing
a risk-alert scheduling strategy, able to diagnose the health
state of the controlled environment and to define
specialized alarm levels for each potentially interested
area. Finally, the computed risks will be used for
specializing alerting messages, to be sent to all citizens
(ubiquity) present in each selected area only (alerting
locality).
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
1. To decrease the challenges that the cities face such as
scarcity of energy sources, flooding prevention, healthcare,
housing water and deteriorating infrastructure, making a city
'Smart' is emerging. The Internet of Things or IOT provides
the ability for human and machines to interact from billions
of things that include sensors, services, or other Internet
connected things. This paper aims to realize the security
requirement and security architecture of Internet of things
technology for urban flooding prevention management
system and discussed the demand and overall design of
urban flooding prevention management system. Finally, the
application process of the Internet of things technology in
Chongqing flooding prevention management system is
summarized. For emergency command and dispatch there is
visual management, and at the same time, network
assessment management for the drainage pipe can be
conducted correctly. The flood control and drainage
function of Chongqing will gradually improve with smooth

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drainage facilities also the inspection and maintenance
management will be standardized.
2. Floods, extreme weather events, have occurred with
frequent regularity over last two decades causing severe
urban flood related inundations. India is primarily an
agricultural country and rural infrastructure was adequate to
sustain country population. Expansion of urban sector
increased due to migration of population towards mega
cities. Such migrations are due to industrial growth. Every
year floods affect nearly 400 million hectares of land in
India. Now a day's weather information is used for
monitoring and warning on urban flooding. The citizens get
notification when of people check, people on vehicles check
or camera check, which has the defects of poor continuity,
little data, slow speed, and time lag. The people living in
apartment do not get waterlog information exactly and
quickly and thus they are not able to take corresponding
measures and unemployment and other reasons. The
population count is increasing day by day and due to that
cities are facing many new challenges. Flooding condition is
one of the big challenges increased due to uncontrolled
growth of mega cities.
In this project, some hardware devices are used
such as power supply, ultrasonic sensors,
temperature and humidity sensors and electronic
platform Arduino. The hardware is connected with
Wi-Fi module which enable the system to connect
and share the information through internet.
A. Raspberry Pi - The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ is the latest
product in the Raspberry Pi 3 range, boasting a 64-bit quad
core processor running at 1.4GHz, dual-band 2.4GHz and
5GHz wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2/BLE, faster Ethernet,
and PoE capability via a separate PoE HAT. The dual-band
wireless LAN comes with modular compliance certification,
allowing the board to be designed into end products with
significantly reduced wireless LAN compliance testing,
improving both cost and time to market.

IV. PROPOSED MODEL

1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Fig 2. Raspberry PI model B+

B. Water level measurement sensor- For water level

measurement, we have used ultrasonic sensors. This sensor
will work on sound navigation and ranging. It will work by
transmitting the wave of short and high frequencies and
echo will get reverted back, depending on these the level
will be measured. The distance between sensor and water
level will be calculated as –
Distance L = ½×T×C
Where L=Distance
C=Sonic speed
We have introduced an engineering that give early warnings T=Time between transmission and reception
to the citizens and to the government agencies. With the
help of the android application, real time data will be
available to the individuals instead of depending on the
government for analyzing the situation.
With the help of the proposed hardware module,
alert will be provided when values reach a pre-defined
threshold depending on the region. The idea is to develop a
device which is going to save economy, society, lives and
their habitat. Using various gadgets and sensors will
increase the precision. Keeping that factor in mind, we are
developing a device which a user needs to install in the
smartphone, rest all the analysis work is done by the system
and alert is provided in the form of notifications.

2. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Fig 3. Ultrasonic sensor

2.1 Hardware requirements:

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2.2 Software requirements:
a) Open Weather API- This is the simplest, fast as
well as free to fetch the real time data like weather
forecasts, clouds, winds, maps with precipitations.
b) XML- Layout xml files are used to define the user
interfaces of the application and holds all the tools
that user wants to use.
c) C-compiler
V. METHODOLOGY
Figure.1.1: Working Module.
System structure is illustrated in Fig.1.1 System
composed of three sensors, one microprocessor based
Raspberry model, a GSM module, and a mobile phone.
Sensors used are retro reflective, NPN type. It uses system
of blocking interruption where the system will give 5V
signal to the amplifier. Liquid sensors been used for this
project due to its unique ability of detection for liquid
substance. MPU used is PIC18F452 from Microchip.
Raspberry model was chosen because it is C compiler
optimized architecture. Since this project runs on C compiler
program, it’s the best option to use this MPU.
Other special features include 32K byte flash
memory that could be used to write high capacity of
programming language. GSM Module is a device used to
transmit SMS signal to the intended user. By using GSM
module, GSM network can be used since it is much more
accountable during flood season.
VI. SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK
The future work in this project will be a deeper testing phase
of the network of low-cost sensors both in simulated and
real-life scenarios, and an implementation of the software
behaviour in Things speak or other platforms. According to
definitions of loT, if we consider a sensor as an element of
IoT which enables to communicate its current status and be
published on Internet, then our proposal is very close to
what we are intending to achieve within the concept of
Internet of things. Nevertheless, the real intent of the
proposal is to achieve a flood early warning system.
VII. CONCLUSION
Flash flood alarming systems require a dense network of
rain gauges for monitoring intense local rainstorms both to
ensure its survival in case of extreme weather and to have a
more accurate collection of data. Those data have to be
interpreted by means of empirical and formal models by
correlating in real time the river level and the flow intensity
for early flood forecasting and consequent anticipated
alarming. The number of required sensors, their
communication mechanisms and reliability requirements
show that a loT/M2M approach is able to resolve the
problem, even if today commercially available gauges are
not designed with the specific objective of flash floods
control.
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