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Design of TE11 Mode Launcher in Circular Waveguide in S-Band

Conference Paper · March 2017

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Design of TE11 Mode Launcher in Circular
Waveguide in S-Band
Rahul Jaiswal, Arpit Baranwal, Jitendra Kumar, Raj
Singh, Anitha V. P
Microwave Plasma Division
Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, India
rahulgla2@gmail.com
Abstract—TE11 mode is required in circular waveguide for
better use of power source because TM01 mode has axial null. So,
proposed paper presents TE11 mode launcher in circular
waveguide for S-band. Two methods are used here to feed the
power in circular waveguide or to launch dominant TE11 mode in
circular waveguide. In the first method, Transverse feed (feed is
perpendicular to axis of circular waveguide) is given to circular
waveguide. This feed will work as TEM to TE mode conversion
and in circular waveguide only dominant TE11 mode will
propagate.
In second method, first the TE10 mode is fed to a rectangular
waveguide and then using a rectangular to circular transition, the
TE11 mode is propagated in to the circular waveguide from
rectangular waveguide. The simulation is carried out by using
CST microwave studio solver. More than 30% band-width is
achieved for S11 better than 10dB. Radiation pattern of TE11
mode is investigated for its mode by using a conical horn
antenna.
Keywords—Circular Waveguide, Mode Launcher, Waveguide
Transition, Microwave Plasma Interaction
I. INTRODUCTION
A circular waveguide is a hallow tube, which confines the
electromagnetic wave. A wave moves in the waveguide, it can
have an infinite variety of pattern which is called modes. For
every mode there is a cutoff frequency. When operating
frequency is less than or equal to cutoff frequency, high
attenuation takes place in the waveguide. When operating
frequency is approximately equal to or more than 1.3 times of
cutoff frequency, then there will be complete transmission,
there will be no attenuation. So, waveguide can be assumed as
a high pass filter.
Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM)
modes exist in circular waveguide. For Transverse Electro
Magnetic (TEM) mode two conductors are required.
Propagation of TE or TM mode in a waveguide depends on
feed mechanism. TE mode can be generated, by giving a feed
transverse to the axis of circular waveguide and to generate
TM mode, feed is given along the direction of axis of circular
waveguide. In circular waveguide TE11 is dominant mode and
TM01 is 2nd dominant mode.
VEDA-2016
Shreekant Patel
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Parul University
Vadodara, India
The second method is used to generate dominant TE11
mode in circular waveguide using a rectangular waveguide
and a tapered structure. The TE10 mode in rectangular
waveguide has been generated using transverse feed and then
a rectangular to circular transition is used which coverts TE10
mode in rectangular waveguide to TE11 mode in circular
waveguide.
II. DESIGN OF MONOPOLE ANTENNA IN CIRCULAR
WAVEGUIDE
A. Initial Parameters of Monopole Antenna
WC281 circular waveguide is selected for TE11 mode
launcher. Its inside diameter is 71.42mm and cutoff frequency
is 2.461GHz. Operating frequency must be from 2.83GHz to
3.88GHz for TE11 mode in circular waveguide. The guided
wavelength at 3GHz in WC 281 can be calculated as
= 17.486cm
√ ( )
√ ( )
where is free space wavelength.
Position of feed in circular waveguide from shorting edge is
equal to i.e. 4.372 cm.
The design equation for monopole antenna is
h + r = 0.24 (for infinite ground plane) [3]
Where, h = length of monopole antenna
r = radius of monopole antenna and r ≤
Let r = 6.5 mm, then h = 35.46mm.
B. Optimized Parameters of Transverse feed
The monopole antenna is used as transverse feed in the
circular waveguide. TEM (at coaxial connector) to TE mode
conversion take place in circular waveguide due to transverse
feed. Fig. 1 shows the excitation of circular waveguide using
monopole antenna.
Taking the initial parameters, simulation is carried out at
3.2GHz frequency and optimization of these parameters (S11
and S21) is done for improving the results at 3GHz as shown
in Table 1.
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 VEDA-2016

= 16.4cm
√ ( )
√ ( )

Position of feed in rectangular waveguide from shorting edge

is equal to i.e. 41mm.
Fig. 4 shows the excitation of rectangular to circular transition.
Diameter of circular mouth of tapered structure is 71.42mm
Fig.1. Excitation of circular waveguide using monopole antenna which is equal to standard diameter of WC281 waveguide.
Table 2 shows the dimensions of rectangular to circular
Table: 1 Dimensions of transverse feed circular waveguide transition.
Parameters Initial Value Optimized Value
(mm) (mm)
Diameter of circular waveguide 71.42 71.42
Position of feed 43.72 42.42
Height of monopole antenna 35.47 34.71
Radius of Monopole Antenna 6.5 6.5
Total length of waveguide 200 200

C. Analysis and Results

Simulation of transverse fed circular waveguide is carried
out. Fig. 2 shows that the bandwidth for return loss of 10dB
for TE11 mode is 540MHz. Fig. 3 demonstrates that the
bandwidth for insertion loss of 0.5dB is 405MHz and wave is
attenuated by 43dB at 3GHz for TM01. Higher order modes are
highly attenuated.
Fig.4. Excitation of rectangular to circular transition
B. Analysis and Results of Rectangular to Circular transition
Simulation of Rectangular to Circular transition is carried
out. Fig. 5 shows that the bandwidth for return loss of 10dB
for TE11 mode is 1GHz. Fig. 6 demonstrates that the
bandwidth for insertion loss of 0.5dB is 930MHz and wave is
attenuated by 68dB at 3GHz for TM01 and other higher order
modes are highly attenuated.

Fig.2. Return loss of transverse feed circular waveguide

Fig.5. Return loss of rectangular to circular transition

Fig.3. Insertion loss of transverse feed circular waveguide

III. DESIGN OF REACTANGULARA TO CIRCULAR

TRANSITION

A. Design Parameters.
Inner dimension of rectangular waveguide is 80mm x
40mm. and its cutoff frequency is 1.875GHz. Guided Fig.6. Insertion loss of rectangular to circular transition
wavelength can be calculated as

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 VEDA-2016

Table: 2 Dimensions of rectangular to circular transition

Parameters Designed Values(mm)
Length and Width of Rectangular waveguide 80 & 40
Diameter of Circular edge 71.42
Position of feed 41
Tapered length 100

IV. MODE MEASURMENT IN CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE

There are various methods for mode measurement of
circular waveguide. Neon bulb, Probe, Burn Paper and Horn
Antennas can be used for mode measurement. In case of Horn
Antenna, a conical horn antenna can be attached with the Fig.9. Return loss of transverse feed conical horn antenna
circular waveguide and using its radiation pattern, its mode
can be verified. In case of TM01 mode, there is an axial null
and for TE11 mode, maximum power is available at the center.

A. Design of Conical Horn Antenna for Mode Measurement

Directivity of Horn Antenna increases up to a certain
aperture area, after that directivity decreases due increase in
phase error. A conical horn antenna should be design for phase
error less than 1350 [3]. Here a conical horn antenna is
designed for 22.930 phase error. Design parameters of conical
horn antenna are shown in Fig. 7.

Fig.10. 2D Radiation pattern of transverse feed conical horn antenna

Fig.7. Conical horn antenna with TE mode excitation
B. Analysis and Results
Simulation of horn antenna is carried out with TE 11 mode
excitation. The 3D radiation pattern is shown in Fig.8. The
maximum power at the center shows that the horn antenna is
excited with TE mode. Fig. 9 Shows that the bandwidth for
return loss of 10dB is 450MHz. 15dBi Gain is achieved using
this horn antenna, 3dB beamwidth in H plane is 29 0and 3dB
beamwidth in E plane is 26.80 as shown in Fig.10.
V. CONCLUSION
Circular waveguide with transverse feeding and
rectangular-to-circular transition have been investigated for
dominant TE11 mode. The bandwidth for fixed return loss in
rectangular to circular transition is two times more than the
transverse feed circular waveguide. But the transverse feed
circular waveguide is a simple structure and easy to fabricate.
For verification of mode, a conical horn antenna is attached
with transverse feed circular waveguide. In simulated
radiation pattern, maximum power at center verifies the TE 11
mode in circular waveguide.
References
[1] D.M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering 4th Edition, New York: John Wiley &
Sons Inc., 2013.
[2] Samuel Y. Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits 3rd Edition, Pearson
Education 2000.
[3] Prof. Girish Kumar, Antennas NPTEL Video.

Fig.8. 3D Radiation pattern of transverse feed conical horn antenna

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