ENTERIC DISEASES

Typhoid Fever  Albuminuria

 Headaches
 Systemic infection, bacterial of the alimentary
 Back and joint pain
canal in human transmitted by:
 Slight cough
5 F’s  Abdominal discomfort
 Anorexia
1. Flies
 N/V
2. Food
 Diarrhea/constipation
3. Feces
 Malaise/lassitude
4. Fingers
 Pea-soup consistently stool
5. Fomites
Management and Treatment:
Etiologic: Salmonella Typhosa
 Maintain/restore fluids and electrolytes
Common among 40 years old especially women
 Monitor VS
Mode of Transmission:  Prevent further injury
 Hygienic measure, hand washing
 Direct or Indirect
 TSB
 Principle vehicles are food and water
 Watch out intestinal bleeding
 Contamination is usually by hands of carriers
 Avoid street/raw food
 Flies are the vectors
 Boil water 2-3 minutes
Incubation: average 2 weeks, range from 1-3 weeks  Chlorination
 Safe water
Communicability: as long as typhi bacilli appear in
exceta; usually from appearance of prodromal Medications:
symptoms from first week throughout convalescence
 Chloramphenicol
Diagnosis:  Ampicillin

 Typhidot – CONFIRMATORY Nursing Responsibility:

 Stool/Urine analysis/culture
 Widal test
 Rectal swab
Types of Typhidot:
1. Typhoid ileitis – infection in ileum
2. Typhoid toxemia – infection in meninges
3. Typhoid psychosis – mental changes
 Demonstrate TSB, feeding, changing linens
 Any bleeding from rectum, blood in stools,
sudden acute abdominal pain, restlessness,
falling off temperature should be reported
immediately
 Continue monitor VS

Clinical Manifestations Hepatitis A

 Step ladder rise of temperature (104 during 1 st  Acute infectious disease of liver
weeks then plateau during 2nd weeks and then  Young people especially school children re most
gradual fall during 3rd and 4th week) frequently affected
 Accelerated breathing Etiology: Hepatitis A virus
 Pulse: slow and dicrotic
 Respiration between 20-30 bpm Predisposing factors:
 Rose spots – 1 to 2 mm in diameter on skin and  Poor sanitation
abdomen – PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN  Contaminated food and water
 Diffuse tenderness of spleen
ENTERIC DISEASES

 Unsanitary method of preparing and serving  Plenty of fluids

food  Avoid alcohol beverages
 Malnutrition  Avoid medicine and substance that causes harm
to the liver
Incubation: 2-6 weeks
Diet:
Mode of Transmission:
 Avoid saturated fats found in butter, sour cream
 Fecal-oral
and other high-fat dairy foods, fatty cuts of
 Contaminated food and water meat and fried foods
Clinical Manifestations: Prevention and Control:
I. Ecteric (w/o jaundice)
 Ensure safe water for drinking
 Fatigue
 Sanitary method in preparing handling and
 Fever serving food
 Anorexia  Proper disposal of feces and urine
 Weight loss  Washing hand very well before eating and after
 Malaise using the toilet
 Headache  Separate and proper cleaning of articles used by
 N/V the patient
 Photophobia
 Muscle pain
II. Clinical/Icteric (with jaundice)
 Yellowish discoloration of skin, mucus
membrane and sclera (indicates damage live
and unable to remove bilirubin from blood)
 Pruritus
 Indigestion
 Abdominal pain/tenderness
 URQ discomfort
 Dark amber colored urine (bile is removed from
the blood and excreted in urine)
 Clay colored feces
III. Postecteric/Recovery
 S/S start to decrease

Diagnostic:

 Liver function test

- ALT
- SGOT
- SGPT
 Stool and Urine exam

Management and Treatment:

 Prophylaxis IM of gamma globulin which is safe

and inexpensive and effectives means of
preventing hepatitis A
 Complete bed rest