What makes an ethical person?

 Di na kailangan ma called out, you wouldn’t have to come to a point na makasuhan ka for such doing
illegal activities. But if you know for yourself na you are doing the wrong thing, its something na
iiwasan mo na right away. Most specially sa work ng mga clinicians: its just you and the client so
nobody would know if you are being comptent with what your doing, nobody would know kung pano
mo sya exactly ginagawa. So for me super halaga talaga ng integrity sa mga professionals.

The Five Ethical Principles

 Principle A: Beneficence and Non-maleficence- Psychologists should strive to ensure that their clients
are safe, that no harm is done sa mga sessions
Beneficence- stated, it means to do good, to be proactive, and also to prevent harm
Non maleficence- both the idea of not inflicting intentional harm, and not engaging in actions that risk
harming others

 Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility-

Responsibility- Kasama na din ditto ung pagiging socially responsible hindi lang sa client pero pati na din
sa society and sa environment
Fidelity- loyalty, faithfulness, and honoring commitments

 Principle C: Integrity- should not engage in stealing, fraud, or dishonesty with patients or colleagues and
hanggat maari maiwasan ung deception- stating something known to be untrue with the intent to deceive

 Principle D: Justice- So kasama na din dito being aware of their level of competence and limitations.
Like for example Psychologist should not offer professional workshops if their graduate education,
training is insufficient to provide information sa mga students

 Principle E: Respect for People's Rights and Dignity- must respect all individuals, no matter their gender,
age, creed, race, origin, culture, religion, sexual orientation or economic status

Ethical Standards
 Resolving Ethical Issues- So ano ba yung corrective action na gagawin nung psychologist na dapat in
accordance pa din sa APA in order to resolve that issue

 Human Relations- Psychologists frequently work with a team of other mental health professionals so
included na standard na that psychologists hindi sila allowed na mag engage sa mga behavior na involve
ang harassment and unfair discrimination

 Advertising and Public Statements- kapag nag propromote halimbawa ang psychologist ng mga
workshops or services for example sa mga public lectures, media interviews and seminars dapat inaaply
dito ung principle C which is ung integrity na dapat lahat ng public statements ng psychologist na
shineshare nya sa audience is still accurate and truthful.

 Record Keeping and Fees- The information we obtain and control is highly sensitive, so managing it,
and taking caring of it sensitively, and disposing of documents properly is very important. As for billing,
be as honest as possible clear up front about your billing practices, this standard reminds to document
everything

 Education and Training- Psychologists are obligated to ensure that the programs are designed to
provide the appropriate knowledge and proper experiences, to meet requirements of the program such
as: licensure, certification, or other goals

 Assessment- a psychologist should know the limitations of assessment tools and need din I ensure ung
privacy ng mga nag take ng assessments

 Therapy- In this standard inaddress na din ung confidentiality, kasama na rin dito ung avoiding sexual
relationship with the client and yung how and when to terminate therapy yan like for example if yung
client ay hindi na nag bebenefit dun sa therapy, or yung nag cause na ng harm ung treatement sa client is
ethical duty of the psychologist to discontinue treatment. And kapag na discontinue ung treatment need
din natin consider ung feelings ni client kasi pwede sya magkaron ng feelings of rejection kaya dapat ma-
explain ung reason sa kanya ng maayos as to why yung current treatment is not appropriate or its already
causing harm.
Most Common Ethical Issues
 Confidentiality- That psychologists should protect their client’s privacy. Yung duty to warn yung
important concept in this issue
Kelan Pwede ma break ung confidentiality? kapag si client gustong mag cause ng harm sa ibang tao at sa sarili
niya. Parang may plan syang act of violence
Dito na papasok ung Duty to warn involve dito ung pagbibigay ng warning ni Clinical Psychologist sa mga
third parties for example pwede maging victims nung client, notifying the police sa possible threat na gagawin
ni client.
Duty to warn only obligates therapists to inform individuals and authorities of any specific threats. They should
not discuss the details of their client care or treatment. Any information that is not relevant sa pag cause ng
harm should remain confidential.
Example: A therapist conducted an intake interview with a client with a history of mental health problems
and violence toward his father. The client was somewhat delusional and stated that he might hurt his father
that evening.

 Informed consent- In therapy, obtaining informed consent involves explaining what services are
offered, what the possible risks might be, and the patient’s right to leave treatment.

 Relationships with vulnerable- Dito dapat mag establish boundaries or ma maintain ung professional
distance. Tao din naman ang mga psychologists of course they might develop warm and positive
feelings towards their clients specially kapag nag shashare na si client ng vulnerabilities and past
experiences nya (Countertransference). So how do psychologists deal with such feelings? They seek
supervision and counsel until ma-resolved ung issue.

Example: Dahil nga dun sa experience nung babae na palagi sya iniignore, the client may be prone
developing a romantic association with the therapist (Transference-Closeness)
The APA does allow therapists to pursue a romantic relationship with a former client, assuming at least two
years have passed since the therapy ended. Yet even this kind of relationship is still highly discouraged.
 Being out of Competency If natatandaan nyo pa ung discussion natin sa code of ethics last sem, like ung
example satin before isa kang psychometrician ibig sabihin you are duly licensed professional by law
but if you provide services such as psychotherapy, counselling and walang supervision of psychologist
then hindi sya ethical tapos nag e-earn pa for example sya ng money sa mga clients. Hindi lang naman
about sa license pati dun sa part na hindi naman sakop sa competence ng individual na yun kasi kapag
mali ung treatment na binigay sa client syempre may malalagot and masisira ang image of course yung
kabuuang propesyon ng psychology. So mahalaga is to educate the public and professionals sa mga
limitations. You just cannot crossover area if you’re not equipped to handle.

A psychometrician is only trained to give psychological test and score them. A psychologist may do this
as well as interpret the scores, give diagnosis, do psychotherapy, and provide a wide variety of other
services.
Ethical Decision Making-
 Identify the problem- outline yung mga facts, suspicions, or ung mga assumptions

 Review the APA’s ethical code- and other professional guidelines to identify the specific ethical issues
na involve.

 Consult with supervisor- Obtain consultation. Consult with a trusted colleague or supervisor about the
ethical, legal and personal issues involved.

 Generate potential courses of action- Generate a list of possible solutions and ung mga possible actions
na gagawin

 Consider the potential consequences of all options and determine a course of action- Enumerate kung
ano pwedeng maging consequences of each of options na gagawin mo then i-eliminate ung ibang
options na hindi appropriate. So dito na yung time to decide

 Implement the course of action- Carry out ung pinaka the best ethical solutions and actions na napili mo
 Evaluate the course of action- document mo ung decision making process na nagawa mo and ung mga
naging resulta.