Marianne B.

Parohinog MaEd-1
IDEALISM
Aim: To preserve, promote and transmit culture from time to time, person to person and place to place.
Role: Teacher passes on knowledge to the students, and the students gain and adapt the knowledge.
Focus: Highly value self-directed activity, engaging their students in activities and reading materials that
encourage reflection on their own nature, as well as promoting a comprehensive understanding of the
world at large.
Trends: promotes universal education, lecture is the most important method to deliver knowledge to
students.
REALISM
Aim: To prepare learners for real and practical life.
Role: Teachers encourage students to draw their observations and conclusions from the world around
them, rather than confining themselves to an analysis of their own ideas.
Focus: Suggest objective methods of teaching. Importance must be given to observation, experimentation
and activities
Trends: Inductive method of teaching enables the learners to generalize the truth from a particular fact.
PRAGMATISM
Aim: To direct “the impulses, interests, desires and abilities towards 'the satisfaction of the felt wants of
the child in his environment.
Role: Teachers should be teaching students things that are practical for life and encourage them to grow
into better people.
Focus: Pragmatism focuses on the practical consequences of what we think and do. It is about making
tangible improvements in the everyday lives of people in the world.
Trends: to establish a relation with the life of the child, he desires, interest, needs and purposeful
activities. Activity-based method.
ESSENTIALISM
Aim: To promote intellectual growth of learners to become competent.
Role: Teachers are sole authorities in the subject area.
Focus: Essential skills of 3r’s; Essential subjects
Trends: Back to basics, Excellence in Education,cultural literacy