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Simulation of D-STATCOM for voltage fluctuation

Conference Paper · January 2012

DOI: 10.1109/ACCT.2012.105

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 2012 Second International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies

Simulation of D-STATCOM for Voltage Fluctuation

Rupal Singh Dushyant Kumar Singh
rupalsingh22@gmail.com dks4885@gmail.com
Vadodara Institute of Engineering IET Alwar, Alwar (Rajasthan)
Vadodara (Gujrat)

Abstract the power system transmission lines load

ability, all these devices were controlled and
This paper deals with control strategies for switched mechanically and therefore,
DSTATCOM (Distribution Static relatively slow. The best equipment to solve
Compensator) for power quality this problem at distribution systems at
improvement for a three-phase, three-wire minimum cost is by using Custom Power
distribution system. A three-leg voltage family of D-STATCOM [1].
source inverter (VSI) configuration with a dc
bus capacitor is employed as DSTATCOM.
The PWM current controllers are designed 2 Basic Configurations and Operation
analyzed and compare for PI controller. The of D- STATCOM
capability of the DSTATCOM is
demonstrated through results obtained using D-STATCOM is a three-phase and shunt
PSIM. The performance of the DSTATCOM connected power electronics based device. It
acting as a shunt compensator is found is connected near the load at the distribution
satisfactory under varied load perturbations. systems. The major components of a D-
STATCOM are shown in Fig. 1. It consists
Keywords- FACTS, Static Synchronous of a dc capacitor, three-phase inverter, ac
Compensator (STATCOM), VSC, Voltage filter, coupling transformer and a control
dip, Shunt Compensation strategy. The basic electronics block of the D
STATCOM is the voltage-sourced inverter
that converts an input dc voltage into a three-
1 Introduction phase output voltage at fundamental
Power system is a complex network & it’s frequency [2].
made of thousands of buses and hundreds of
generators. Available power generation does
not situated near a growing of load center, to
meet the demand, utilities have an interest in
better utilization of available power system
capacities, existing generation and existing
power transmission network, instead of
building new transmission lines and
expanding substations. On the other hand,
power flows in some of the transmission
lines are overloaded, which has as an overall
effect of deteriorating voltage profiles and
Fig. 1 STATCOM based on voltage-sourced
decreasing system stability and security.
converter.
Series capacitor, shunt capacitor, and phase
shifter are different approaches to increase

978-0-7695-4640-7/12 $26.00 © 2012 IEEE 226

225
DOI 10.1109/ACCT.2012.105
2.1 Voltage Source Converters (VSC)
Three-phase VSC is the core component of
the STATCOM, which generate a sinusoidal
voltage with any required magnitude,
frequency and phase angle.
A basic schematic diagram of VSC is shown
in Fig.2. It is a six-pulse forceed-commutated
converter, which contains six power
semiconductor switching devices with anti-
parallel connected diode together with heat
sinks and auxiliary components for trigger,
monitoring and grading.
Fig.2 Scheme of three-phase VSC
3 Operating Principle of STATCOM
Fig.3 shows the active and reactive power
transfer between a power system and a VSC.
If the magnitude of supply voltage Us is less
than the magnitude of inverter voltage Ui,
reactive power Q is flowing from power
system to VSC. If Us is greater than Ui, Q is
flowing from VSC to power system [3].
/
Fig. 3 Operation of STATCOM
226
227
3.1 No load mode (Ui=Us)
If the amplitudes of the STATCOM output
voltage and the ac system voltage are equal,
the reactive current is zero and the
STATCOM does not generate or absorb
reactive power.
Fig.4 No Load mode
3.2 Capacitive mode (Ui>Us)
When the converter voltage is greater than
the system voltage, the system sees the
STATCOM as a capacitive reactance and the
STATCOM is operating in a capacitive
mode. The current fl f ows from the
STATCOM to the ac system, and the device
generates reactive power. In this case, the
system draws capacitive current that leads by
and angle of 90 degree the system voltage.
Fig.5 Capacitive mode
3.3 Inductive mode (Ui<Us)
When the system voltage is higher than the
converter voltage, the system “sees” an
inductive reactance connected at its terminal.
The current flows from the ac system to the
STATCOM, resulting in the device
absorbing reactive power. For an inductive
operation, the current lags the ac voltage by
an angle of 90 degree [4].

Fig.6 Inductive mode
4 Structure of STATCOM with LC
filter
The main circuit structure of STATCOM is
voltage source converter (VSC), the outputs
of which contain high-frequency harmonics,
to eliminate harmonics, an easy and effective
way is adding output filter.
Voltage drop of the inductor should not
exceed 20% of the rated volttage of power
system. Large inductor reduces harmonics
but requiring higher dc voltage & power
electronics device.
0.2
Capacitor cannot be too large, larger
is, the larger the current flowing through it is,
leading to greater power consumption.
Current flowing through the capacitance is
not more than 5% of the STATCOM rated
output current [5].
0.05
1
Fig.7 Structure of STATCOM with LC filter
227
228
The resonant frequency of LC filter is
expressed as
To avoid over-amplification of low-
frequency signals, is generally determined
in the middle band 10
Where, is the fundamental frequency of
system, =50Hz; is the carrier frequency
[5].
Generalizeed blocked diagram of test system
is shown here in Fig.24. It consits of test
system having three phase supply and three
phase load. The power circuit consits of three
phase full bridge inverter, and the control
circuit consist of PI controller and switching
logic and small filter design to eliminate
higher freuency harmonics. It is close loop
system to control the terminal voltage.
Fig.8 Generalized Block Diagram
5 Simulating model & results of D-
STATCOM using PI controller
Fig.24 shows the simulink model of
DSTATCOM test system implemented in
POWER SIM. The test system comprises a
415 v, 50 Hz transmission system. Source
impedance Zs=1.4ohm. Here at the end of
line load is connected to show the
effectiveness of this controller in providing
continuous voltage regulation, simulation
were carried out with and without
DTATCOM connected to the system
 Fig.11 Error signal generated by compare reference
and injected voltage

The output of PI controller is shown in

fig.29. This signal is passing through the
limiter and then compare with triangular
signal. Here gate pulse is generated and its
apply to switch S1 to S6 .
Fig.9 Simulink model of DSTATCOM test system

5.1 Controller
Aim of the control scheme is to maintain
constant voltage magnitude at the point
where a sensitive load is connected, under
system disturbances. The controller input is
an error signal obtained from the reference
voltage and the value r.m.s. of the terminal
voltage measured. Such error is processed by
a PI controller the output is the angle δ,
which is provided to the PWM signal Fig.12 Output of PI Controller
generator. An error signal is obtained by
comparing the reference voltage with the
injected voltage. Voltage measured at the 5.2 Parameters design of simulating model
load point. The PI controller process the of DSTATCOM
error signal generates the required angle to
drive the error to zero. 5.2.1 Design of 3-Phase System
Fig. 32 shows the 3- phase system with R-L
load,which receive power from the supply.
The first simulation contain no DSTATCOM
and load is increasing for 400ms means for
20 cycles. Total simulation run time is
3000ms. The voltage sag at the load point is
20% with respect to the reference voltage.

Fig.10 PI Controller simulation

228
229
 Fig.17 Vol. at the load point: with DSTATCOM
Fig.13 Simulink model of 2nd load connected with Energy Storage of 500 v
system
5.2.3 Simulation results of voltage
interruption during short circuits
Simulation contains no DSTATCOM and the
three phase Short circuit applied for 20
cycles. The voltage at the load point is
negligible with respect to the reference
voltage as shown in fig 46. Similarly, a new
set of simulation was carried out now with
Fig.14 Effect on Terminal voltage by increasing RL
load without DSTATCOM
the DSTATCOM connected to the system,
the load voltage is shown in fig 47.

Fig.15 Voltage Vr.m.s. at load point: with

DSTATCOM Energy Storage of 500 v
Fig.18 Short circuit without DSTATCOM

5.2.2 Simulation results of Voltage sag

during increasing load 64%
Three phase load is applied for 20 cycles, so
voltage dip is shown in fig 15. Similarly, a
new set of simulation was carried out with
the DSTATCOM connected to the system,
the load voltage is shown in fig 16.

Fig.19 Vol. at the load point: with DSTATCOM

Energy Storage of 5000 v

5.2.4 Simulation results of voltage swell

The simulation contains no D-STATCOM
and three phase capacitive load applied at
Fig.16 Terminal Voltage by increasing RL load point A, The voltage swell at the load point
without DSTATCOM is 25% with respect to the reference voltage

229
230
 is shown in Fig.48 and The test system for
the simulation of D-STATCOM for swell is
shown in Fig.49.
Fig.20 Vol. at the load point: without D-STATCOM
Fig.21 Vol. at the load point: with DSTATCOM
Energy Storage of 5000 v
6 CONCLUSIONS
The power quality problems such as voltage
dips, swells and interruptions, consequences,
and mitigation techniques of custom power
electronic devices D-STATCOM. The design
and applications of D-STATCOM for
voltage sags, interruptions and swells, and
comprehensive results are presented.
The simulations carried out showed that the
DSTATCOM provides relatively better
voltage regulation capabilities. It was also
observed that the capacity for power
compensation and voltage regulation of D-
STATCOM depends on the rating of the dc
storage device.
7 References
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Chatterji, MATLAB Based Simulation of TCSC
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Conference on Challenges & Opportunities in
Information Technology (COIT-2008), March
29, 2008.
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[2] N.Usha, Simulation results of eight bus
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+STATCOM, Journal of Theoretical and
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