COUNTRY AND PEOPLE

I, INTRODUCTION

1. UK (The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) ~ Britain

includes 4 countries:
● Great Britain: England, Wales, and Scotland
● The northern part of the island of Ireland: Northern Ireland
=> has a lot of small islands
Note:
British Isles ( ~5000 islands) including Britain vs Ireland
The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK

2. Some historical names:

● Britannia: Romans gave to their southern British province ( today are
England and Wales)
● Ireland -> Northern Ireland -> Ulster -> Éire
● The Commonwealth of Nations: used to be the British colony, 54
nations

3. Intro
● Flag: Union Flag = Union Jack
● Anthem: God save The Queen
● Highest mountain: Ben Nevis ( Scotland)
● Longest river: The Severn ( 354km - bắt nguồn từ Wales )
● Largest lake: Lough Neagh (North Ireland)
● Population:
⅔ natural growth
⅓ immigration
● Climate: changeable
Rain: West > East
 In winter (cold) : East > West
In summer ( sunny, warm): South > North
● Religion: official - ​Christianity
● Location: North-west of Europe
50’ - 61’: north latitude ( vĩ độ )
0’: longitude (Kinh độ)

II, FOUR NATIONS

1. England

● Motto Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)

● Patron: Saint.St George
● Flag: Cross of St George
● Anthem: Land of Hope and Glory, God save The Queen
● Currency: Pound sterling, có 4 mệnh giá ( 5, 10, 20, 50 )
● Official animal: lion
● Capital: London
● National flower: red rose
a. London (the largest city in western Europe):
● seven times larger than any other city in the country
● Dominates Britain
● Well-known areas:
+ West End (cinemas, expensive shops, theatres)
+ East End (poorer residential area)
● South richer than North
● The Pennines: the backbone of Britain
● Coal - iron ire => industrial revolution
=> has the richest and poorest areas in Britain
b. Northern England
 ● Lake District: lake of poets, a National Park (the largest in
England)
● The Pennines Mountains: run up the middle of northern
England => spin
c. Southern England
● The country of Kent: the garden of England
● The south-west peninsula: most popular holiday in Britain
● The most densely populated area in the UK
d. Manchester
● 2nd populous
● the world's 1st industrialized city
● Gay village
● Sport: Manchester United vs Manchester City
e. Midlands of England
● Birmingham: 2nd largest city in Britain - engineering city
● Nottingham: legend of Robin Hood

2. Scotland

● Mountainous
● Motto: "In My Defens God Me Defend"
● National flower: thistle ( cây kế)
● Anthem: Various
● Flag: St Andrew's Cross or the Saltire
● Patron: Saint St. Andrew
● Animal: Unicon
● Capital: Edinburgh - Athens of the North

3. Northern Ireland (the smallest country in the UK)

 ● Huge bowl or Saucer
● Patron: Saint. St David
● Anthem: Danny boy
● Flag: St Patrick's cross
● Capital: Belfast
● Plant: Shamrock
4. Wales

● Motto: Cymru am byth" "Wales Forever"

● Patron: Saint. St David
● Animal: red dragon
● Flag: dragon of Cadwallader
● Anthem: "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" "Land of My Fathers"
● Plant: leek/ Daffodil
● Capital: Cardiff

III. PEOPLE

1. Origin:
- Britons: worldwide origin
+ Early: settlers, native people (Celt from Europe mainland,
currency: roman coin and iron bar)
 + Invaders
- Roman:
+ 55BC: Julius Caesar’s 1st visit
+ AD 43: Britania
+ Built walls: Antonine wall (AD 142), Hadrian’s wall (AD 122)
+ Brought: latin language, network of roads, villas, art,
Christianity
+ Reminder of RM presidence: chester, lancaster, gloucester
- 450-750:
+ Juts from Justland
+ Angles
+ Saxon
2. Culture
- Day of the week: Germanic Gods
- New place-names: Redaing, Hasting (-ing = family), Birmingham,
Nottingham (-ham=farm)
- New farming method
3. Government
- King’s council
- Shinres (=country), shire reeve (sheriff)
4. Country names
- England (=land of angels)
- Weallas or Walves (=land of foreigners: Celt)
+ 8 - 9th C: Scandinavian (Vikings): pirates
+ 9th C: Viking conquered all England, except Wessex
+ 1066: the Normans (built: tower of LD, Oxford and Cambridge)
=> Racial differences
5. Social class
- Obsessed by social class
- Friends: same background
- Change social class: get married, learn to get jobs
- Class: Upper, Middle, Working (old)
- Clue: Accent and dialect
+ Upper: received pronun
+ Working: regional dialect
6. Language
- Celtic language (most widely spoken in Eu)
- Roman: latin (adminstrastors and upper class)
- 5th C: The Angles (West Germanic)
- 10,11th C: Vilkings (North Germanic)
- 1066: Norman invaders, French (used by Nobles)
7. Names
- Easy to change
- No laws about wife’s or child’s surname
- Reflect social names
8. Characteristics
- Modest
- Politeness
- Conservatism
- Love sth old
- Being different
- Love of nature
- Public spiritedness