{

"metadata": {
"name": ""
},
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"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Chapter 3: Properties of Semiconductors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1, Page 40"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"#Variable declaration\n",
"T=300; #K\n",
"ni=1.5*10**16; #Intrinsic carrier concentartion per m^3\n",
"yn=0.13; #Electron mobility in m^2/(V*s)\n",
"yp=0.05; #Hole mobility in m^2/(V*s)\n",
"e=1.6*10**-19; #Charge of electron in C\n",
"\n",
"#Calculations\n",
"Gi=e*ni*(yn+yp); #Intrinsic conductivity\n",
"Ri=1/Gi; #Intrinsic resistivity\n",
"\n",
"#Results\n",
"print 'Intrinsic conductivity=%.3e S/m'%Gi; #incorrect answer in textbook
for Gi\n",
"print 'Intrinsic resistivity=%.3e ohm*meter'%Ri;"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Intrinsic conductivity=4.320e-04 S/m\n",
"Intrinsic resistivity=2.315e+03 ohm*meter\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 4
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 2, Page 40"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"#Variable declaration\n",
"Sn=480; #Conductivity in S/m\n",
"yn=0.38; #Electron mobility in m^2/(V*s)\n",
"e=1.6*10**-19; #Charge of electron in C\n",
"\n",
"#Calculations\n",
"Nd=Sn/(e*yn); #Concentration of donor atoms per m^3\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print 'Concentration of donor atoms = %.1e m^-3'%Nd;\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Concentration of donor atoms = 7.9e+21 m^-3\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4, Page 41"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"#Variable declaration\n",
"T=300; #K\n",
"ni=1.5*10**16; #Intrinsic carrier concentartion per m^3\n",
"yn=0.13; #Electron mobility in m^2/(V*s)\n",
"yp=0.05; #Hole mobility in m^2/(V*s)\n",
"e=1.6*10**-19; #Charge of electron in C\n",
"l=0.01; #length in m\n",
"a=10**-6; #cross sectional area in m^2\n",
"\n",
"#Calculations\n",
"Gi=e*ni*(yn+yp); #Intrinsic conductivity\n",
 "Ri=l/(Gi*a); #Required resistance\n",
"\n",
"#Results\n",
"print 'Intrinsic conductivity=%.2e S/m'%Gi;\n",
"print 'required resistance = %.2f Mohm'%(Ri*10**-6);\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Intrinsic conductivity=4.32e-04 S/m\n",
"required resistance = 23.15 Mohm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 11
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 5, Page 41"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"z=(100./60);#z=conductiarrier concentration in /(m^3)\n",
"ni=2.5*10**(19);#ni=intrinsic conductivity of intrinsic material in S/m\n",
"#(P/N)=(1./2);#(P/N)=ratio of hole mobility(P) to electron mobility(N)\n",
"e=1.6*(10**-19);#e=charge of electron in Coulomb\n",
"\n",
"#Calculations&Results\n",
"N=(z/(e*ni*(1+(1./2))))\n",
"print \"N=%.4f (m^2)/(V.s)\"%N\n",
"P=(N/2)\n",
"print \"P=%.4f (m^2)/(V.s)\"%P\n",
"#Nd+p=Na+n;n=electron concentration;p=hole concentration\n",
"#np=(ni^2)\n",
"Nd=(10**20)#Nd=donor concentration in /(m^3)\n",
"Na=5*(10**19)#Na=acceptor concentration in /(m^3)\n",
"n=(1./2)*((Nd-Na)+math.sqrt(((Nd-Na)**2)+(4*(ni**2))))\n",
"print \"n=%.3e /(m**3)\"%n\n",
"p=(ni**2)/n\n",
"print \"p=%.3e /(m^3)\"%p\n",
"Z=e*((n*N)+(p*P))#Z=conductivity of doped sample in S/m\n",
"print \"Z=%.1f S/m\"%Z\n",
"F=200#F=applied electric field in V/cm\n",
"J=Z*F#J=total conduction current density in A/(m^2)\n",
"print \"J=%.f A/(m^2)\"%J\n"
],
 "language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"N=0.2778 (m^2)/(V.s)\n",
"P=0.1389 (m^2)/(V.s)\n",
"n=6.036e+19 /(m**3)\n",
"p=1.036e+19 /(m^3)\n",
"Z=2.9 S/m\n",
"J=583 A/(m^2)\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 13
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 6, Page 42"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"ni=2.5*10**(19);#ni=intrinsic conductivity of intrinsic material in S/m\n",
"Nd=5*(10**19)#Nd=donor concentration in /(m^3)\n",
"\n",
"#Calculations&Results\n",
"n=(1./2)*(Nd+math.sqrt((Nd**2)+(4*(ni**2))))#n=electron concentration\n",
"print \"n=%.3e /(m^3)\"%n\n",
"p=(ni**2)/n#p=hole concentration\n",
"print \"p=%.3e /(m^3)\"%p\n",
"N=0.38#N=electron mobility in (m^2)/(V.s)\n",
"P=0.18#P=hole mobility in (m^2)/(V.s)\n",
"e=1.6*(10**-19)#e=electronic charge in Coulomb\n",
"Z=e*((n*N)+(p*P))#Z=conductivity of doped sample in S/m\n",
"print \"Z=%.3f S/m\"%Z"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"n=6.036e+19 /(m^3)\n",
"p=1.036e+19 /(m^3)\n",
"Z=3.968 S/m\n"
]
}
 ],
"prompt_number": 15
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7, Page 43"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"#Variable declaration\n",
"c=3*(10**8);#c=velocity of light in vacuum in m/s\n",
"h=6.6*(10**-34);#h=Planck's constant in J.s\n",
"Eg=1.98*1.6*(10**-19)#Eg=band gap in J\n",
"\n",
"#Calculations\n",
"#calculating Y=required wavelength\n",
"Y=((c*h)/Eg)/(10**-9)\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print \"Y=%.f nm\"%Y"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Y=625 nm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 17
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 8, Page 43"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"#Variable declaration\n",
"RH=(10**-2);#RH=Hall coefficient in (m^3)/C\n",
"VH=(10**-3);#VH=Hall Voltage in V\n",
"b=2*(10**-3);#b=width in m\n",
"I=(10**-3);#I=current in A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculations&Results\n",
 "#RH=(VH*b)/(I*B)\n",
"B=(VH*b)/(I*RH)#B=magnetic field\n",
"print \"B= %.1f T\"%B\n",
"t=(10**-3)#t=thickness in m\n",
"FH=(VH/t)#FH=Hall field\n",
"print \"FH=%.f V/m\"%FH\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"B= 0.2 T\n",
"FH=1 V/m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 19
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}