 What is the agent of motion

 Answer: Force
 Velocity is defined as the......?
 Answer:Rate of change of displacement with time
 Speed is termed as the...?
 Answer:Rate of change of distance with time
 Note: DISPLACEMENT is the distance covered by a body in a specific direction. WHILE DISTANCE
is the amount of space which a body has covered during its motion..
 *Displacement is a vector quantity while distance is a scalar quantity.

 Acceleration is termed....?
 Answer: the rate of increase of velocity with time
 NOTE: rectilinear acceleration is the rate of increase of velocity of an object with time ALONG A
STRAIGHT LINE
 *INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION this the the acceleration of a body taken at an instant in time.
 A body with uniform acceleration means its velocity increases with equal amount of time.

 The type of force which requires no contact between the bodies is called.....?
 Answer:Force field/NON- contact force

 6: Which law of motion best on explains the recoil of a rocket

 Answer:Newton's 3rd law
 "To an action there is an equal but opposite reaction"

 7: The motion of a diffused smoke particle from a company's chimney is termed.....?

 Answer : Random motion

 8: Which force acts on two bodies in contact and tends to oppose the motion between them...?
 Answer: Frictional force
 Note:Frictional force is:
 *DEPENDENT on contact sur face.
 *INDEPENDENT of their surface area.
 *DEPENDS on the nature of the surface on contact.
 *Directly proportional to the normal reaction.
 The coefficient of friction between two perfectly smooth surfaces is zero

 9. What is the motion of a whirled slingshot....?

 Answer: Circular motion

 Note: objects in circular motion have their acceleration directed towards the centre (this
acceleration is called CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION)
 *The speed of the body remains constant through out the motion
 The velocity of the body varies and acts tangential to the circular path.
 *When a ball rolls on a smooth level ground, the motion of its center is rotational while the
motion of its edge is transnational.

 10. Which force keeps an object moving in a circular path.....?

 Answer: CENTRIPETAL FORCE
 NOTE: it is the force keeping earth in its circular orbit.

 11. Whats the workdone by a man lifting a load of 500kg on his shoulder
 Answer: workdone is zero(0)
 Note! Workdone is the produce of force and distance travelled in the direction of this applied
force on a body.
 Therefore;since the man covered no distance, no work is done.

 12: The process of energy production in the Sun is..?

 Answer: nuclear FISSION

 13: The measure of Total kinetic energy of the molecules of a body is termed....?
 Answer:HEAT
 NOTE! Temperature is the measure of a Body's AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY

 14. The silvery walls of a vacuum flask helps prevent heat loss by...?
 Answer: RADIATION
 NOTE! Cork stopper:evaporation & convection
 Vacuum: conduction and convection
 Cork support: Conduction
 A Thermoflask is designed to prevent heat gain or loss by conduction, convection and radiation

 15.Which electromagnetic wave can produce an heating effect on its surroundings...?

 Answer : infrared ray
 *accounts for why its being used in night visions and also satellites night imagery.

 16.The property of a liquid which makes it act as if it were covered by an elastic skin is called....?
 Answer :Surface tension

 17: A body with its atom molecules and ions arranged in regular repeating pattern or lattice is
called....?
 Answer: CRYSTAL

 18. The force of attraction felt between two bodies separated by a give distance in space is ....?
 Answer: gravity
 Note! Only force of ATTRACTION is felt in gravitational field.

 19. Why is a clinical thermometer diffrent from other mercury in glass thermometer.....?
 Answer: It has a constriction on its stem which makes readings easily taken
 Note! Mercury is a preferable liquid in thermometers because its changes in density is very
linear..

 20. At what temperature does water attains its minimum volume...?

 Answer:4°C
 Note! From 0°C to 4°C water experiences an anomalous expansion behaviour. At this
temperatures it reaches its minimum volume and maximum density.

 21. Which instrument is best used for measuring the inner diameter of a test tube:
 Answer: Vernier calliper
 23. The least possible error in using a scale graduated In millimetre(mm) is....?
 Answer: 0.5mm

 24. What happens to a body when moved from earth to space...?

 Answer : its mass remains constant but its weight varies
 NOTE: Mass is the amount of material in a matter.... While WEIGHT is the measure of the force
of gravity acting on a body.... *weight is minimum at the poles and maximum at the equator.

 25: A body in space which has left the influence of earth's gravitational field of attraction and
lost its orbit is said to have reached its........?
 Answer:Escape velocity

 26. The ABILITY of a body to return to its original shape after the removal of an applied force is
called.....?
 Answer :Elasticity
 NOTE:An ELASTIC MATERIAL is a body which returns to its original position after the removal of
the applied force.

 27. The thermostat works on the principle of...?

 Answer:Linear expansivity

 28.A person suffers a mere severe burn from steam than hot water because....?
 Answer: the steam possesses greater energy per unit mass than boiling water.

 28. Which state of matter possess the strongest cohesive force?

 Answer: Solids
 NOTE: COHESION is the force of attraction between SAME molecules.. While ADHESION is the
force of attraction between DIFFRENT molecules.

 29. Evaporation causes...?Answer: Cooling

 Reason: More energetic molecules overcome the cohesive surface of the liquid's surface and
excape from the surface into a vapor phase(evaporation) leaving behind the less energetic
molecules....
 30. Why does water wets glass but Mercury doesn't...?
 Answer: the force of adhesion of water molecules is stronger than its cohesive force on the glass
 Note : >>The contact angle for liquid that wets glass e.g water is less than 90°
 >>The contact angle fot liquid that doesn't wet glass e.g mercury is more than 90°
 >> If the contact angle is 90°. It means the liquid does not show capillarity
 31. The scent of a perfume sprayed few metres away gets to you through the process of...?
 Answer: Diffusion

 32. The workdone in bringing 1columb of a point positive ch charge to a region in an electric
field is......?
 Answer :Potential diffrence
 Note: Electrical appliances in homes connected in parallel because less voltage is used

 33. Resistance of a conductor increases....?

 Answer:When the temperature is increased

 34. The resistance offered to the flow of current by a body of the cell in the circuit is called....?
 Answer :Internal resistance
 Note : Goldleaf electro scope is used to test small charges.
 When a negative charge is brought near the goldleaf and it has a negative charge itself then
divergence increases . In summary, similar charges with the goldleaf causes an increase In
divergence and opposite charges causes an increase in convergence

 35. LOUDSPEAKER converts....?

 Answer: Electrical energy to sound energy
 NOTE:mouth piece converts SOUND energy Into ELECTRICAL energy.

 36. An ELECTRIC MOTOR is a device that converts...?

 Answer :Electrical energy into sound energy
 NOTE: A GENERATOR converts
 mechanical energy to electrical energy.
 37. The energy required to change a solid to liquid at constant temperature is called..?
 Answer :Latent heat of vaporisation

 38. The amount of heat required to change a kilogram of ice block into water without a change
in temperature is called..?
 Answer: SPECIFIC latent heat of fusion of ice.

 39. The force experienced by a current carrying conductor moving in a magnetic field is
employed in the use of a...?
 Answer: Moving coil galvanometer

 40. Keepers are used to prevent magnets from losing their magnetism by.....?
 Answer: Unlike poles facing each other and the keeper placed between them

 41. The region in a magnetic field where no influence of magnetism is felt is called the....?
 Answer:Neutral point
 NOTE: The region around a magnet where magnetic force is felt is called a MAGNETIC FIELD.

 42. The movement of fluid up or down a narrow tube is termed...?

 Answer:Capillarity
 The rise or fall of liquids in a narrow tube is because of its surface tension
 Note: The meniscus of water in a capillary tube is concave
 The meniscus of water in a capillary tube is convex

 43. The S.I unit of heat is...?

 Answer: joules
 Note: The S.I unit of temperature is Kelvin denoted by K.

 44. The tendency for a stationary body to remain at rest or to continue in motion when a force is
being applied is called its....?
 Answer:Inertia
 *inertia is a measure of mass

 45.The energy stored in a simple cell is...?

 Answer: Chemical energy

 46. The internal frictional force acting between layers of fluid in contact is called...?
 Answer: Viscous force.

 47. The disadvantage of iron over steel in the making of a magnet is that..?
 Answer: Iron loses its magnetism easily

 48. During demagmetization of a magnet it is placed in the.......... Direction?

 Answer:East-West (E-W direction)
 Note:magnets can be demagnetized by
 *Hammering *Heating to redness and allowing to cool
 By electrical solenoid method.

 49. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body by 1K is called.....?
 Answer: heat capacity
 Note:Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit 1kg
mass by 1k.

 50. At what condition would a gas conduct energy...?

 Answer: High voltage and low pressure

 51. The method of heat transfer that does not require material medium is....?
 Answer: Radiation
 Note: Conduction and convection requires material medium
  52: The pressure applied to an enclosed fluid at one end is.....?
 Answer: Transmitted equally throughout the fluid and the container. (*pascal's principle)

 53. The angle which the direction of earth's magnetic field makes with the horizontal at a place
Is known as...?
 Answer: Angle of dip

 54. The effective force resulting from action of a system of forces on a body is termed..?
 Answer: Net force

 55. When ice is added to a glass filled with water to the brim. What happens when all the ice
melts...?
 Answer: The volume remains the same

 56. The solar power has its source of energy from....?

 Answer: the sun
 Note: it converts solar energy from the sun into electric energy.

 57. An atom is electrically neutral when...?

 Answer: the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons

 58: Charges on a conductor are generally concentrated at the..?

 Answer: sharply curved surface

 59. A body dropped from a certain height above the ground falls at a...?
 Answer: uniform acceleration

 60. A steel needle floating on water sinks on addition of kerosine because.....?

 Answer: the kerosene has reduced the surface tension of the water..
 Note:Other ways to reduce the surface tension of a liquid is the addition of detergent and
boiling.

 61. The speed of an object in rectilinear motion can be determined from.....?

 Answer:Slope of a distance-time graph.

 62. One of the evidence of particulate nature of matter is...?

 Answer: Brownian motion.

 63. One common characteristics of solids, liquids and gases is that....?

 Answer: Their molecules are always on motion

 64. The force between the molecules of a liquid solid in contact is called....?
 Answer: Adhesive force

 65. The electric charge carriers in gases are....?

 Answer: electrons and ions

 66. Two bodies P & Qare said to be in thermal equilibrium if..?

 Answer: they are both at same temperature

 67. The part of a bar magnet where the magnetic effect is felt the strongest is at the...?
 Answer: Poles

 68. Magnetic flux density is defined as the...?

 Answer: The number of magnetic lines of force per unit area normal to a magnetic field

 69.The sensitivity of a Mercury-in-glass thermometer can be increased by..?

 Answer: increasing the size of the bulb
 70. The time rate of electrical charge flow in a circuit is measured in.....?
 Answer: Ampere
 Note: Amount of electrical charge is measured in COLUMB
 Electrical appliances are earthed so that a person touching it will be saved from electric shock

 71. Neglecting air resistance, A block of wood an feather dropped from same height.....?
 Answer: Falls to the ground at same time.

 72. The motion of a loaded test tube floating upright in water when released is.....?
 Answer: Oscillatory motion

 73. Why does water boil faster in a pressure cooker than in a cooking pot....?
 Answer: pressure increases the boiling point of the water.

 74.The saturated vapor pressure of a liquid increases as the....?

 Answer: Temperature of the liquid increases.

 75. The ice point on the absolute scale of a temperature is....?

 Answer:273K
 76. Two vectors are said to be anti parallel when the angle btw them is
 Ans: 180°
 77. Two vectors are said to be maximum when the angle btw them is
 Ans: 0°
 78. Two vectors in the same direction are added and different directions are subtracted.
 Note. X axis = cos
 Y axis = sin
 79. Slope of a velocity time graph represents its
 Ans: acceleration
 80. Area under a velocity time graph is
 Ans: distance
 81. A body thrown up reaches its max height when its final velocity is
 Ans: 0
 82. A projectile reaches its max range at
 Ans: 45°
 83. The path followed by a projectile is called its
 Ans: Trajectory
 84. The path followed by a projectile is a
 Ans: parabola
 85. A projectile reaches its max height at
 Ans: 90°
 86. The eqilibrant of two or more forces is
 Ans: opposite in direction and of same value as its resultant
 87: Moment of a couple is also called
 Ans: Torque
 88: Torque has the same dimension as
 Ans: Work or energy
 89: Equilibrium under action of three non parallel forces
 I: lie in a plane
 II: line of action meets at a common point
 III: can be represented by a closed triangle
 90: Line used to know the center of gravity of any shape is called
 Ans: plumbline
 91: For a body to float,
 ans: its weight must be equal to the upthrust exerted by the liquid
 92: The forces acting on a floating body are
 Ans: Upthrust and weight only (viscosity isn't there)
 93: A floating body displaces its own
 Ans: weight
 When ship sails from salt water to fresh water, the fraction of the volume of water above will
decrease
 94: Instrument used to measure relative density is
 Ans:Hydrometer
 Density is the mass per unit volume of a solid
 density of a gas depends on the average seperation between its molecules
 95: instrument used to test for quality of milk is
 Ans:Hydrometer
 96: A body undergoing SHM has its acceleration
 Ans: directed towards a fixed point and proportional to the displacement from that point
 96: The max displacement of a body in SHM from a fixed point is its
 Ans: Amplitude
 97: The period of a simple pendulum depends on its
 Ans: squareroot of its length (never mass)
 98: In a simple pendulum, P. E is max when
 Ans: the bulb is at its edges
 99: In a simple pendulum, K.E is max when
 Ans: the bulb is at the midpoint
 100: When the amplitude of a system in SHM reduces gradually it is said to be
 Ans: damped
 101: Glass shatters when placed beside a working radio due to
 Ans: resonance
 Soldier break their steps on a bridge to prevent collapse of it due to resonance also
 102: Impulse has the same dimension as
 Ans: momentum
 103: 1st law of motion is also called
 Ans: law of inertia
 Inertia is the reluctance of a body to move and its reluctance to stop moving when in motion
 104: mass (not weight) is the measure of a body's
 Ans: Inertia
 105: F=Ma is derived from what law of motion
 Ans: 2nd law
 106: A closed or isolated system has
 Ans: no external force acting on it
 107: In an elastic collision, what is conserved
 Ans: Momentum and K.E are both conserved
 108: In an inelastic collision, what is conserved
 Ans: momentum is conserved but K.E reduces
 109: _____ is the force the pulls the earth towards its center
 Ans: weight
 110: For a body in a lift
 When velocity is constant = Weight of the body remains the same
 >When its accelerating downwards= Weight reduces
 >When accelerating upwards = Weight increases
 Note- Mass is always constant
 111: Energy stored in a string is
 Ans: Elastic potential energy
 112: Energy stored in a body raised to a height is
 Ans: Gravitational potential energy
 113: Mechanical advantage of a machine is also called
 Ans: Force ratio
 114: Velocity ratio of a machine depends on
 Ans: The geometry of the machine
 Note: V.R for machines
 Inclined plane = 1/sin∅
 Pulley = No of pulleys(movable & unmovable)
 Screw jack = 2πr/P
 Wheel an axle= R/r
 Gear wheels= no of teeth of driven/no of teeth of driver
 115: Energy used to overcome friction is called
 Ans: useless work
 The efficiency of machine is always less than 100% because Velocity ratio is always greater than
mechanical advantage
 116: Temperature is the measure of
 Ans:Average kinetic energy of a body
 Note= Temperature is measured using a Thermometer
 Heat is measured using a Calorimeter
 117: The most accurate thermometer is
 Ans: Gas thermometer and its thermometric liquid is Hydrogen/Helium
 Note: Clinical Thermometer is an example of mercury-in-glass Thermometer
 118: Thermometer used to measure rapidly changing temperature is
 Ans: Thermocouple
 119: Thermometer used in the laboratory is
 Ans: Platinum resistance thermometer
 120: Thermometer used to measure radiant heat is
 Ans: Thermopile
 Radiation doesn't depend on density . It depends on Surface area, temp, nature of
surface(permitivity ( that of a black body is 1))
 121: Thermometer used to measure very high temperature is
 Ans: Pyrometer
 122: Thermocouple works on the principle of
 Ans: Peltier effect, seeback effect & Thomson effect
 123: distance btw the upper and lower point of thermometer is called
 Ans: Fundamental interval..
 A change of 30°C is equal to a change of 30K
 I.e temperature changes in all scales are equal
 124: Hypsometer is used to
 Ans: determine upper fixed point of a thermometer
 125: Water can't be used as a thermometric substance because it
 Ans: wets glass
 126: During change of state, what is constant
 Ans: Temperature
 127: Glass breaks when water freezes to ice in It because
 Ans: Water expands on freezing
 A good calorimeter should have low specific heat capacity & high heat conductivity
 128: The cutting of ice under the effect of pressure is called
 Ans: Regelation
 Note= increases in Pressure raises the boiling point of water and reduces its freezing
point/melting point
 Note= For substances the contracts on freezing, pressure increases their freezing point e.g
paraffin wax
 129: Blowing of air on the surface of a liquid to aid evaporation is caused by
 Ans: Increasing the surface area
 130: Difference btw boiling and evaporation is that Boiling occurs at a fixed temp and occurs
throughout the liquid while evaporation occurs at any temp and only the surface of the liquid
 131: pressure decreases with
 Ans: Height and vice versa >>increases with depth
 That's why food cook faster at a lower place cause of increased pressure which causes increased
boiling point (Mountaineers make use of pressure cooker cause of the reduced pressure on
mountains)
 132: Impurities does what to boiling point
 Ans: Increases
 The boiling point of a liquid is the temp at which Saturate vapor pressure equals atmospheric
pressure
 133: Change of solid to gas is called
 Ans: sublimation and the vice versa is called deposition
 134: Dew point is
 Ans : the temperature when the liquid in air is just enough to saturate it
 135: Relative humidity is measured using
 Ans: Hygrometer
 When a vapour of a substance is in equilibrium with its own liquid, it is said to be saturated
 136: Cloud formation is due to
 Ans: condensation
 Note = Rain is precipitation
 >> Dew is the tiny droplet found on leaves early morning
 137: Aneroid barometer is also used as
 Ans: Altimeter
 Its also used by scuba divers
 138: Instrument used to view stationary waves is called
 Ans:Stroboscope
 139: when waves travel, they transfer what
 Ans: Energy
 Note = Water wave is a transverse wave and longitundinal
 all E.M waves are transverse
 Sound waves is longitudinal
 Transverse waves undergoes polarization while Longitudinal waves don't
 Longitudinal waves require medium of propagation while transverse doesn't
 140: The max displacement of waves is called
 Ans: amplitude
 141: When wave moves from one medium together, what is always constant
 Ans: Frequency
 Note = Sound waves velocity increases from Gas to liquid to solid
 So when it moves from air to water, its velocity
 Increases
 When sound moves from a dense to a denser medium, its speed increases e.g from air to water
to glass
 142: Ability of waves to bend around corners and obstacles is called
 Ans: Diffraction
 143: The point where there is no movement in a wave medium is called
 Ans: node
 Note= Antinode is the point where there is max displacement in a wave medium
 144: What is produced when two waves of same frequency, amplitude, and wavelength
traveling in the same direction are superposed
 Ans: interference
 Note= Two types of interference
 >Constructive which results to max amplitude
 >Destructive which results to zero amplitude
 The combination of sound waves with different frequencies is called SUPERPOSITION
 145: Angle at which plane polarization occurs Is
 Ans: 57°
 Note= Polaroids are used in sunglasses to reduce glare from sun
 Materials used are Tourmaline, quartz etc.
 146: shadows, Eclipse and pinhole camera uses
 Ans: Rectilinear propagation of light. Meaning light travels in a straight line
 147: increasing the pinhole in a pinhole camera causes
 ans : Blurred image
 Note : Blurred Image is caused by overlapping of images
 In a pinhole, images are formed on Film
 148: Image formed by a plane mirror is always
 Ans:same size, laterally inverted, virtual, same distance as object from mirror and upright
 Note=
 >Kaleidoscope is a toy which gives different colors and uses a plane mirror incline at 60°
 >Sextant uses a plane mirror inclined at 60° and its used its measure the angle o elevation of the
sun
 >periscope is inclined at 45°
 A man standing between two parallel mirrors will see *infinite* number of his image
 149: Image formed by a Concave lens or convex mirror ( diverging) is always
 Ans: Virtual, erect and diminished (VEM)
 Note
 Water / air bubbles act as convex lens
 >concave mirrors are used as shaving mirror when the object is placed btw the focus and the
pole
 Also used as reflectors I telescopes and microscopes
 >Convex mirrors are used as driving mirror cause of their wide range of view
 >parabolic mirrors are used as car headlamps & searchlights because the provide parallel beam
of constant intensity
 150: Total internal reflection occurs under
 Ans: two conditions
 >Light must be traveling from a denser to a less dense medium
 >Angle of incidence in denser medium is greater than critical angle
 Critical angle is the angle of incidence in the denser medium when the angle of refraction in the
less dense medium is 90°
 151: Mirage is due to
 Ans: Total internal reflection
 Note : Optical fibre, field view of fish under water are all due to Total internal reflection
 152: An impure spectrum is the one one which
 Ans: All its constituents overlaps
 153: Dispersion of white light in a prism is due to
 Ans: different speeds of the constituents in the prism
 154: The fastest of all the constituents of white light is
 Ans: Red light, lowest is violet
 Red is least deviated, Violet is mostly deviated
 155: To obtain a pure spectrum, the materials needed are
 Ans: Source, silt, two converging lenses, prism, film
 Note: When two prism are put together and white light is passed through it, It gives a wider
separation of constituents
 Also when two prism are put together with one inverted and white light is passed through it, It
gives back white light
 156: A monochromatic light is the one which
 Ans: has only on constituent
 157: We see the green color of leaf when white light shines on it because
 Ans: we see the reflected color which is green, the other colors are absorbed
 In other words, we see colors reflected
 158: Red+ green gives
 Ans: Yellow
 Note : Red+ blue = Magenta
 Blue +green=cyan
 159: green + magneta are called
 Ans: complementary colors
 Complementary colors are colors added together to give white
 Also Blue + yellow and red+cyan are all complementary colors
 160: Lens are made of
 Ans: flint glass
 161: In the graph of 1/v against 1/u, the reciprocal of the intercept on each axis is
 Ans: Focal length
 162. When light waves move from one medium to another its
 Ans:velocity and wavelength decreases while Frequency remains constant
 163: When producing a pure spectrum, the lens after the source does what
 Ans: converges the light on the prism
 164: The most sensitive part of the eye is
 Ans: retina
 165: The most sensitive spot on the retina is
 Ans: Yellow spot/Fovea centralis
 Note: Choroid prevents multiple reflection
 Blind spot is the point of exit of optic nerves. Its insensitive to light
 166: The ability of yes to alter its focal length is called
 Ans: Accommodation
 It is controlled by the ciliary muscle
 The range of accommodation of a normal human being is 25cm to infinity. Near point -> 25cm,
Far point -> infinity
 167: The principle used by video makers to show moving pictures is
 Ans: persistence of vision
 Note: The near point of the eyes is 25cm and its far point is infinity
 168: The focal length of a compound microscope are
 Ans: short
 In a microscope, the eyepiece lens merely acts as a magnifier
 169: The function of the 3rd lens in a telescope is for
 Ans: Erection of the image
 170: When the eyes is unable to see far distance, its called
 Ans: Long sightedness / Hypermetropia
 Note
 Long sightedness is also called by short eyeball and vice versa for short sightedness (Myopia)
 Hypermetropia is corrected by Convex lens while myopia is by concave lens
 Cylindrical lens is used to correct astigmatism
 171: The defect of the eyes due to old age is
 Ans: Presbyopia
 Caused by weak ciliary muscles due to old age ( lack of accommodation)
 Its a form of long sightedness

 172: Astronomical telescope & Galilean telescope have their final image at
 Ans: infinity (at normal adjustment) and produce a virtual Erect and magnified image.
 173: Velocity of sound waves depends on
 Ans: squareroot of its absolute temp and material medium
 If a source of sound is moving, a stationary listener will hear a sound of different frequency. This
is due to DOPPLER EFFECT
 Metal cables are used as telephone wires because speed of sound in them is very high
 174: The instrument used to find the depth of a Sea using Echoes is
 Ans: Sonar or fathometer
 175: The continuous occurrence of echo after source has been removed is caused
 Ans: Reverberation
 The carbon granule microphone works on the principle of change in resistance
 Also Halls& auditoriums are covered with soft perforated boards to reduce reverberation cause
of its poor acoustic properties
 176: Pitch of sound waves depends on
 Ans: Frequency
 A octave of a note is twice its fundamental frequency
 Also note A female voice is distinguished from a male's voice due to pitch
 177: Intensity and loudness of sound waves depend on
 Ans: amplitude
 178: Timbre or quality depends on
 Ans: overtone or harmonics
 Also note Musical instruments are differentiated due to Quality
 To produce a sound of high frequency, a thin and tight wire is used and vice versa for a sound
with low frequency
 179: An object which produces a pure sound is
 Ans: Tuning fork
 Note
 Wind instruments= flutes, saxophones, pipe
 Stringed instruments = Guitar, violin, piano
 Percussion instruments= Xylophone, drum
 180: Pressure at same point in a liquid is
 Ans: the same
 Barometer is used to measure pressure
 Reading of pressure in a barometer depends on
 The atmospheric pressure
 11. The density of the barometric liquid
 111. The temperature of the liquid
 1V. Acceleration due to gravity
 181: pressure varies directly with what in different liquids.
 Ans: Density.
 182: Hydraulic press works on the principle of
 Ans: Pascal principle
 183: V¹P^0T-¹ represent what law
 Ans: Charles law
 184: V^0P¹T-¹ represent what law
 Ans: pressure or gay-lussacs law
 Note: Boyles law is V¹P¹T^0
 185: In EM waves, the electric and magnetic fields are mutually at
 Ans: Right angles
 186: All EM waves travel at the speed of
 Ans:Light
 187: The EM waves used to treat cancerous cells is
 Ans: Gamma rays
 188: The EM wave with the highest frequency is
 Ans:Gamma rays
 189: The EM wave with the longest wavelength is
 Ans: Radio waves
 190: The EM wave used to study the crystal lattice of molecules is
 Ans:X rays
 191: In a Vacuum, When a feather and a stone are dropped at the same time, they reach the
ground at
 Ans:The same time
 192: In a train moving with uniform velocity, A boy tosses coin, it falls back where
 Ans: Into his palms
 193: Example of an inverse square law is
 Ans:Gravitational force, Electric force (colomb law), Gravitational field intensity and Electrical
field intensity
 NOTE : Gravitational and Electric potentials arent inverse square laws
 194: The workdone in moving a unit mass from infinity to that point is
 Ans: Gravitational potential
 195: An object dropped from an Aeroplane reaches what before hitting the ground
 Ans: Terminal velocity
 196: The minimum velocity required for an object to leave the earth gravitational influence is
 Ans: Escape velocity
 197: The workdone in moving a unit charge for infinity to that point is
 Ans: Electric potential
 198: The presence of a dielectric in a capacitor does
 Ans: Increases its capacitance
 199: As the area of a capacitor is increasing, its capacitance
 Ans: Increases
 NOTE: From the formula
 C = ErEoA/D
 Meaning Capacitance varies directly with the nature of the material and area but inversely as
the distance seperating them
 200: The ability of a capacitor to store electricity is called
 Ans: Capacitance
 201: The function of capacitor in induction coils is to
 Ans: Eliminate sparks
 202: Capacitor works in an
 Ans: Electric field
 203: Why is the current in secondary cell greater than that of primary cells
 Ans: Cause a Secondary cell has a very small internal resistance
 >Emf of a primary cell does not depend on Size of the cell
 204: The electrolyte in a dry leclanche cell is
 Ans: Pasty NH4Cl
 In a wet cell, its liquid NH4Cl
 205: The depolarizer in a leclanche cell is
 Ans: MnO2
 206: The type of cell used in electric bell is
 Ans: Leclanche cell
 207: The electrolyte in Daniel cell is
 Ans: H2SO4
 208: The depolarizer in Daniel cell is
 Ans: CuSo4.
 209: The anode and cathode of leclanche cell respectively is
 Ans: Zinc and Carbon rod
 In Daniel cell its Zinc and copper rod respectively
 Note: In an electrochemical cell, the cathode is the positive terminal and anode is the negative
terminal.
 210: The cell used when intermittent current is needed or short term current is
 Ans: Leclanche cell
 211: Local action is prevented by
 Ans: Amalgamating the Zinc plate
 212: Local action is caused by
 Ans: Impurities on the zinc plate
 213: polarization is caused by
 Ans: Formation of hydrogen bubbles on the anode
 214: Polarization is prevented by using
 Ans: A depolarizer
 NOTE: Primary cells don't last long because of these two problems >>Local action& polarization
 215: The electrolyte in lead-acid accumulator is
 Ans: H2SO4
 216: The anode in lead acid accumulator is
 Ans: lead ( also the negative terminal)
 While the cathode is lead peroxide (PbO2)
 Remember In electrochemical cell the anode is the negative terminal.
 217: When an accumulator is discharged, what happens to its density
 Ans: It decreases
 218: The electrolyte in NI-Fe(nickel iron accumulator) is
 Ans: KOH
 219: Example of a variable resistor is
 Ans: Rheostat
 220: Resistance of a wire depends on
 Ans: Length, Temperature, area and nature of the wire(resistivity)
 Note: Its inversely proportional to its Area.
 221: Unit of resistivity is
 Ans: ohms metre
 222: To convert a galvanometer to an ammeter what is used
 Ans: A shunt wire with low resistance in parallel
 223: To convert a galvanometer to a voltmeter, what is used
 Ans: A multiplier wire with high resistance in series
 224: Potentiometer measures a very accurate current because
 Ans: It doesn't take current from the circuit
 225: The current carriers in an electrolyte is
 Ans: Hydrated ions
 226: The mass deposited during electrolysis is directly proportional to the
 Ans: Quantity of electricity passing through it
 (Faraday 1st law of electrolysis)
 227: Which gas gives a pink color in a discharge tube
 Ans: Air
 228: A stream of electrons that moves on a straight line defected by both electric and magnetic
field that carries energy and momentum
 Ans: Cathode rays
 229: Emission of electrons from the surface of a hot metal is
 Ans: Thermionic emission
 230: The gas used t prevent oxidation of the tungsten filament Ina bulb is
 Ans: Argon
 231: A device that doesn't obey Faraday law of electrolysis is
 Ans: Diodes, transistors, electrolytes
 232: The carriers of current In metals are
 Ans: Free mobile electrons
 233: The best method of making magnets is
 Ans: Electrical/solenoid method in N-S direction
 234: The best method of demagnetizing a magnet is
 Ans: Electrical/solenoid method in E-W direction
 235: The phenomenon in which magnets retains their opposite poles after been divided is
 Ans: Magnetic dipole
 236: Materials that are repelled by the magnetic field when put in them is
 Ans: Diamagnetic materials
 While Paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are attracted
 237: The only naturally occurring magnet is
 Ans: Iodestone (Fe3O4)
 238: The direction of a magnetic field around a straight current carrying conductor depends on
 Ans: Direction of current which is given by *RIGHT HAND GRIP* or *CLENCHED FIST RULE*
 239: Power is transmitted using a high voltage and low current to
 Ans: Prevent overheating of the coil. Also called *HIGH TENSION TRANSMISSION*
 240: Power is distributed at
 Ans: High current low voltage
 241: The angle btw the magnetic meridian & geographical meridian I
 Ans: Angle of declination or variation
 242: Angle of dip is also called
 Ans: Angle of inclination
 Note: It is greatest at the pole& least at the equator, (90° at pole)
 243: A generator manufacturing company was asked to make an A. C dynamo but made a DC
dynamo. To correct this error what should be done
 Ans: Commutator/split rings should be replaced with slip rings
 244: To produce a parallel beam of light from a concave mirror, the lamp is placed at
 Ans: principal focus, an image which meets at infinity
 245: X rays can be used to study crystal structures due to
 Ans: Their extremely short wavelength
 246: Fluorescent tube produce light by
 Ans: Excitation of gas molecules
 247: The S.I unit of magnetic flux density is
 Ans: Weber per metre or Tesla
 Note: Magnetic flux is measured in *WEBER* only
 248: A magnetic field experiences no force when
 Ans: the charge moving in it is parallel to the field or when the angle between the Velocity V and
magnetic flux density B is 180°
 249: A magnetic field experiences maximum force when
 Ans: Angle between V and B is 90° or are perpendicular
 250: A magnetic field experiences half of its force when
 Ans: Angle between V and B is 30°
 251. The effective resistance offered by a capacitor to current flow in an AC circuit is called..?

 Answer: Capacitive Reactance

 NOTE: Resistance offered by inducrtors is known as inductive reactance

 252. In an R-C circuit, voltage.........?

 Answer: leads current by 90°

 NOTE: In an R-L circuit voltage leads current by 90°

 *In a purely resistive circuit voltage is in phase with current.

 253. In an AC circuit resonance occurs when.....?

 Answer: inductive resistance is equal to capacitive resistance

 254. The impedance of an AC circuit is.......?

 Answer: The algebraic sum of the square roots of the resistance and inductive reactance.
 At resonance, Impedance is purely resistive
 NOTE: the minimum value for impedance occurs when inductive reactance = capacitive
reactance
 255.The unit of inductance, reactance and capacitance are respectively...?

 Answer: HENRY, OHMS and FARAD

 256. The I r.m.s current and peak current in AC circuits......?

 Answer: Are related by I r.m.s = Io/root 2

 257. AC generator works on the principle of......?

 Answer: ELectromagnetic induction.

 258.A diode is used in converting AC to DC because.......?

 Answer: it only allows unidirectional flow of current.

 259.The back Emf induced in a current carrying coil causes.....?

 Answer: reduced current flow

 260 AC currents .....?

 Answer: has a sinusodial waveform.

 261. The production of DC from an AC source by a diode is termed....?

 Answer: Retification.

 262.Electrons in their highest energy level are said to be in.....?

 Answer: exicted state.

 NOTE: Electron in their lowest energy level are said to be in ground state.

 263. Radioactive properties of certain elements is mainly as a result of.....?

 Answer: Unstable nuclei.

 264. The product of natural nuclear disintegration are.....?

 Answer: Alpha, Betaand Gamma rays.

 NOte: alpha rays are positively charge helium particles, beta rays are neatively charged
electrons, gamma rays are neutral electromagnetic waves.

 265. Which rays are produced when a fast moving electron hits a metal target in a high voltage
vacuum tube......?

 Answer: X-rays

 266. Cathode rays....?

 Answer: is a stream of fast moving electrons.

 267: what are used to slow down neutrons during nuclear reactions.......?

 Answer: Moderator. {example include heavy water(D2O) and graphite rod}

 268. The fusing together of two light nuclei to form an heavynuclei is called.....?

 Answer: nuclear fusion

 NOTE: this is responsible for the tremendous amount of energy produces by the sun

 269. Which radiation is strongly deflected by a magnetic field......?

 Answer: Beta-rays

 NOTE: x-rays and gamma waves are not deflected by magnetic field, and alpha particles are
always deflected towards the negative pole of an electric field.

 270. The best absorber of X-ray is ......?

 Answer: Lead

 NOTE: lead is use to shield radiation fallout.

 271: which of the radiations can be stopped by a thin sheet of paper.....?

 Answer: Alpha rays.

 272. An atom after losing or gaining charge becomes ......?

 Answer: ion

 NOTE:when it gains it becomes an anion

 *when it losses it becomes a cation

 273: An increase in temperature____ the resistivity of a semicinductor.....?

 Answer: Increases

 NOTE: unlike conductors, semicinductors have a -ve temperature coefficient of resistivity.

 274: At room temperature, A pure semicinductor......?

 Answer: has an equal number of holes and electrons.

 Advantages of semi conductors are that
 1.it has a small size
 11. Low power requirement
 111. Highly durable
 1V. Not easily damaged by high temperature

 275. what is the current carrier in a semiconductor....?

 Answer: holes and electrons

 NOTE: charge carriers in conductors are free mobile electrons.

 *electron is the negative charge carrier while holes is the positive charge carrier.
 276. To increase the conductivity of a pure semi conductor......?

 Answer: increase the temperature , allow an incident light to fall on it ;and by doping.

 277: the process of adding impuritues so as to increase the conductivity of a semiconductor is

called......?

 Answer: doping

 278: semiconductors belongs to what group on the periodic table.....?

 Answer: group IV

 279. A semicinductor with equal numbers of holes and electrons is called.....?

 Answer: intrinsic semiconductors

 280. p-type semiconductors are gotten by the addition of.......?

 Answer: trivalent atoms(e.g boron, aluminium, indium, gallium)

 *they are found on group III of the periodic table

 281. A manufacturer who wants to manke a n-type semiconductor would select _____ and
______ for doping....?

 Answer: arsenic and antimony

 NOTE: n-type semiconductors aremade by doping a pure semiconductor with a pentavelent
atom.

 282. A uni directional device that blocks the electric current in oppositr or inverse direction is
a ......?

 Answer: p-n junction diode

 Transistors function as amplifier and switch
 Zenar diode is used for current & voltage regulation

 283. The group of elements added to produce a p-type semiconductor is called the .....?

 Answer: acceptor dopant atom

 284. what is the majority charge carriers in n-type semiconductors....?

 Answer: electrons

 NOTE: In n-type semiconductors holes is the minority charge carrier,

 *in p-type semiconductors holes is the majority charge carriers while electrons is the minority
charge carrier.

 285. The process of applyin an external voltage to a PN junction diode is termed.....?

 Answer:biasing

 286. In forward biased pn junction diode current is carried by....?

 Answer: majority charge carriers

 287.When light is incident on a metal target leading to emmision of electron this phenomenon is
called......?

 Answer: photo electric effect.

 The photocell works on the principle of emission of electron by incident radiations

 288. The energy of emmited electron in photo electric effect depends on.....?

 Answer: wavelength of incident light & frequency of emitted electron.

 Note:: The no of electrons of emitted electron depends on intensity of source


 288. A metal surface emits photo electrons only if.....?\l

 Answer: the frequency of the incident light exceeds it threshold frequency.

 290. The threshold frequency/Work function for photo electric effect to occur depends on
the......?

 Answer: Nature of photocathode

 291. Which radiation has approximately same mass as that of Helium .....?

 Answer: Alpha particles

 292. Natural radiation is a phenomenon exhibited by ......?

 Answer: only heavy nuclei.

 293. the time taken for half a radioactive material is called its....?

 Answer: half-life

 294. impure semiconductors are also known as .....?

 Answer: extrinsic semi conductors.

 295. the minimum amount of energy required for an electron to be ejected from a metal surface
is the.......?

 Answer: work function

 296.Who discovered the charge on an electron.....?

 Answer: R.M Millikan (during the oil drop experiment.

 297. The major advantage of nuclear fusion over fission is that....?

 Answer: there is a greater release of energy during nuclear fusion.

 298. The energy required to separate the nucleus on an atom completely is called....?
 Answer: Nuclear binding energy
 The Energy from nucleus of an atom produce heat which can be used to generate Electrical
energy

 299. Neutrons are used to produce artificial radioactivity because.....?

 Answer: They have no charge
 300: Field resulting from the combination of Electric and magnetic fields is
 Ans: Electromagnetic field.
 301: Direction of Force on a current carrying conductor is given by
 Ans: Fleming's left hand rule
 302: Direction of induced current/ EMF on a current carrying conductor is given by
 Ans: Fleming's right hand rule
 303: Magnitude of induced EMF is given by
 Ans: Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
 304: Eddy current brings about
 Ans: Overheating /heating effect
 305: Current on two conductors flowing In the same direction does what
 Ans: Attracts
 306: Current of two conductors flowing in opposite directions
 Ans: Repel
 307: Eddy current is reduced by
 Ans: Laminating the coil
 308: The sensitivity of a galvanometer means
 Ans: Its ability to measure very small currents
 309: The accuracy of a galvanometer is
 Ans: Its ability to measure current very close to its true value
 310: The sensitivity of a galvanometer is Increased by
 Ans: Increasing the number of turns of the coil, Making the magnetic field stronger, increasing
the area of the coil and using a thinner spring
 311: Moving coil galvanometer is used to measure
 Ans: DC current
 312: Inductor works on
 Ans: Interaction of magnetic field. Capacitor is Electric field
 313: Moving coil galvanometer can be used to measure AC current when
 Ans: A rectifier is connected to it which converts the AC current to DC current
 Operation of moving coil galvanometer is bases on Force on a current carrying conductor
 314: High frequency AC is measured using
 Ans: Hot wire ammeter
 315: Low frequency AC is measured using
 Ans: Moving iron ammeter
 316: Both AC and DC current are measured using
 Ans: Moving iron ammeter & Hot wire ammeter
 317: Moving coil ammeter measures
 Ans: DC current
 318: What law gives the direction of Induced EMF/current
 Ans: Lenz law
 319: The induced EMF is in such a direction to oppose the motion or charge producing it is what
law
 Ans: Lenz law
 320: Lenz law is a law of
 Ans: Conservation of energy
 321: Eddy current is useful in
 Ans: Moving coil instruments ( galvanometer & ammeter)
 322: The damping caused by eddy current in moving coil instruments is called
 Ans: Electromagnetic damping
 323: Reversing the direction of motion of the conductor relative to the field causes
 Ans: Reverses the direction of induced EMF
 324: Current is induced when
 Ans: There is relative motion between the conductor and magnetic field
 325: Hot wire ammeter measures current due to
 Ans: Heating effect of current
 326: Moving iron ammeter measures current due to
 Ans: Magnetic effect of current
 327: The scale of Hot wire ammeter is a non linear scale called
 Ans: Square law scale
 NOTE: Moving iron ammeter also uses a non linear scale
 328: Commutator is used in DC current devices because
 Ans: its a current reverser which steadies the current
 329: Transformer works on the principle of
 Ans: Mutual inductance
 330: Transformer works on which law
 Ans: Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
 331: A step up transformer has
 Ans: more windings in its secondary coil than its primary coil.
 Note: same goes for step down transformer which has more windings in its primary coil than
secondary coil.
 The main purpose of a transformer in an a.c radio is to step down the voltage
 332: Semiconductors, conductors & insulators are distinguished using
 Ans: Band theory
 333: The material with no forbidden gap between its conduction and valence bands is
 Ans: Conductors(metals)
 334: Hysteresis loss is reduced by
 Ans: Using soft iron coils/special alloys in primary coil of transformer
 335: Heat loss/I²R loss is reduced by
 Ans: using low resistance and thick wires
 336: efficient core design is used to reduce
 Ans: Magnetic flux leakage
 337: AC current is stepped up using
 Ans: Step up transformers
 Note : Transformers only work with AC current
 338: DC current can be stepped up using
 Ans: Induction coil
 The principle of operation of induction coil is based on faraday's law
 The best material for the core of an induction coil is soft iron because it gains & loses its
magnetism easily
 339: Plum pudding model of an atom was proposed by
 Ans: J.J Thompson
 340:. At resonance, current is
 Ans: Maximum
 341: Planetary model of an atom was proposed by
 Ans: Ernest Rutherford
 342: When electron jumps from Lower energy level to higher energy level(excitation) . What
happens
 Ans: Radiation is absorbed
 Also vice versa, when electron move from higher to lower energy, radiation is emiited
 343: When electron moves to a lower energy level, what spectrum is produced
 Ans: Emission spectrum
 Note : Absorption spectrum is produced when electron excites
 344: A man beside a charcoal fire is heated by
 Ans: Radiation
 345: A man in a confined space with a charcoal fire is heated by
 Ans: Radiation and convection
 Note: The man is mainly heated by convection because its a confined space so the air in the
room or closed space becomes heated and doesn't have the way of escape so they continue
circulating the room heating it up. Remember convection is transfer of heat by liquid or gas
 346: The radioactive particle slightly deflected in an electric or magnetic field is
 Ans: Alpha particles.
 Note : Alpha particles can also be called helium nucleus cause it has same mass as it which
makes it heavier than beta particles which has the same mass as an electron. Beta particles are
greatly deflected.
 347: The value of resistance in a short circuit is
 Ans: Zero
 348: The value of resistance in an open circuit is
 Ans: Infinite
 349: What cause fluorescence in ZnS
 Ans: Alpha particles
 350: Which of the rays have highest ionization energy
 Ans: Alpha rays
 Gamma rays is the lowest
 351: Radioactive substance are stored in
 Ans: lead block
 352: Beta rays are absorbed by
 Ans: Aluminum foil
 Alpha rays is Thin paper
 Gamma rays is Lead block
 353:Steel is more suitable for a permanent magnet to iron
 And: because it retains its magnetism more than iron
 354: The conversion of energy that takes place I production of X-rays is
 Ans: Electrical>Thermal>Kinetic>Electromagnetic and thermal energy
 355: The particle nature of matter is explained by
 Ans: Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, black body radiation etc
 356: Its impossible to know the exact position and momentum of a particle simultaneously is
said by
 Ans: Heisenberg uncertainty principle
 Note: Momentum & position, Energy & time, Velocity & position are all complementary
variables
 357: The most used semi conductor material is
 Ans: Silicon cause of its availability
 358: When making a fuse, what is mostly considered
 Ans: low melting point
 359: The Colour of water vapour in a discharge tube is
 Ans: Pink
 *NOTE*
 Gases and their colors in a discharge tube
 Hydrogen>>Blue violet
 Helium>>Pink orange
 Neon>>Red
 Argon>>Violet
 Krypton>>Lavender
 Xenon>>Blue
 Mercury vapor>>Blue violet
 Oxygen>>Blue violet
 Air>>Pink
 360: Instrument used to transfer charges is
 Ans:Proof plane
 361: A long chain is usually let out when tankers are moving to
 Ans: Conduct excess charges to the earth
 362: Fuse is always connected to
 Ans: Live wire
 Note
 Live wire>>Brown color
 Neutral wire>>Blue color
 Earth wire>>Green / yellow color
 363: Any line or section through which a wave in which all the particles are in same phase is
 Ans: wave front
 364: The thermometric property of thermo couple is
 Ans: EMF changing with temperature.
 365: Black dull surface radiates
 Ans: Heat the most
 A perfect emitter or absorber is a black body
 366: Land and sea breezes are due to
 Ans: Conventional current
 367: The radiator of a car cools itself by
 Ans: Radiation. That's why its painted black
 368: The radiator cools the engine by
 Ans: Convection
 369: Heat from sun reaches us by
 Ans: Radiation.
 It takes 8minutes for the light from sun to reach us
 370: The Velocity ratio of a machine is independent of
 Ans: Load & effort
 371: Lightening arrestors work on the principle of
 Ans: Point action
 372: The most suitable material used as lightening arrestors is
 Ans: Copper.
 Note: Silver conducts better than Copper but Copper is mostly used cause its cheap
 373: Kilowatt hour represent
 Ans: Energy
 374: What is used to slow down fast moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor
 Ans: Boron / Cadmium rod
 375: The fastest mode of telecommunication is by
 Ans: Optical fibres
 376: The coolant in the nuclear reactor is
 Ans: Co2
 377: Iodine, naphthalene, Dry ice undergoes
 Ans: Sublimation
 378: General gas law is the combination of
 Ans: Charles law & Boyles law.
 379: Anomalous behavior of water is demonstrated using
 Ans: Hope's apparatus
 380: chemical balance works on the principle of
 Ans: Moment
 Note : Spring balance works on Hooke's law
 The point beyond which a stretched string does not return to its original value is elastic limit

 381.A piece of stone attached to one end of a string is whirled round in a horizontal circle and
the string suddenly cuts. The stone will fly off in a direction
 Answer : Tangential to the circular path
 382. The unit WATT is equivalent to.....?
 Answer: Nm/s

 383. The frequency of oscillation of a simple pendulum bub can be increase by......?
 Answer: reducing the length of the string

 384. Which device is used ti measure human blood pressure.......?

 Answer: Sphygmomanometer

 385. What is the function of the X-plate of an xray tube......?

 Answer: deflect the electron beam horizontally.

 386. Why does cathode ray cast shadows of ebject in their path....?
 Answer : because they are rectilinearly propagated(i.e they travel in a straight line)

 387. A liquid whose viscosity doesn't change with temperature is said to be....?
 Answer: Viscostatic.

 388. What are the two types of radioactivity?

 Answer: Natural and artificial
 389. Clock loses time during ____and gains in____?
 Answer: Summer and gains in winter.

 390. The property of a fluid that is used to determine its suitability as a lubricant is.....?
 Answer: Viscosity
 Viscosity is directly proportional to pressure and inversely proportional to temperarure
 Also, when the temperature of a liquid is increases, its surface tension decreases
 391. Rate of diffusion is higher in gases than liquid because...?
 Answer: the molecular motion of gases are faster than liquid
 *intermolecular forces is less in gases than liquid
 *density of gases is lesser than that of liquid..

 392. What is used to measure the concentration of sugar solution....?

 Answer: sacharimeter.

 393. What is the factor that determines the color of light in a fluorescent tube....?
 Answer: *nature of the gas in the tube...
 *voltage across the tube
 *nature of the tube's powder coating.

 394. If the linear momentum of a body is constant, the net force acting on it is.....?
 Answer: Zero

 395. The sagging of overhead electric cables is as a result of...?

 Answer: linear expansivity

 396. Why is fusion not used in generating electrical power...?

 Answer: it requires a very high temperature and energy.
 397. The force with which the earth attracts a 1kg mass is called its......?
 Answer: Acceleration due to gravity.

 398. Which distance is adjustable in a camera....?

 Answer: diaphragm and shutter

 399. The temperature of a liquid, falls after evaporation because...?

 Answer: the more energetic molecules have excaped into the atmosphere.

 400. The widest separation of Rays of light in a light spectrum is found between....?
 Answer: Red and Violet
 401: The element of an electric heater is made of
 Ans: Nichrome
 402: One mega watt hour (MWH) is equal to
 Ans: 3.6×10^9 joules
 403: The Ozone layer protects us from
 Ans: Ultra violet rays
 404: Fire in the diesel engine is produced by which of the following
 Ans: Compression
 405: With an increase in pressure, the melting point of an object will
 Ans: Increase
 406: Ampere-Hour is the unit of
 Ans: Amount of charge
 407: Persistence of vision is the principle behind
 Ans: Cinema
 408: Light from laser is
 Ans: Monochromatic
 Note: A monochromatic light has only one wavelength
 409: Choke is used to
 Ans: Reduce current in AC circuit
 410: Blisters are formed more rapidly by the steam of a boiling water in comparison to the
boiling water itself because
 Ans: Steam has latent heat
 411: What will be the effect on Gravitational acceleration if the earth suddenly stops its rotation
 Ans: It will increase at the poles
 412: Ball pen works in the principle of
 Ans: Capillarity and surface tension
 413: A moving electric charge produces
 Ans: Both Electric and Magnetic field
 414: Lightening conductors are made of
 Ans: Copper
 415: The I.C used in a computer is made up of
 Ans: Silicon
 416: The highest and lowest point of a wave respectively are
 Ans: Crest & trough
 417: If a charged ion goes through combined electric and Magnetic field. The resultant emergent
velocity of the ion is
 Ans: E/B
 Note: A cyclotron accelerates charged particles to high velocity
 418: For a circuit to experience maximum power, what must happen
 Ans: R=r ( external resistance = Internal resistance)
 419: At neutral point, magnetic force due to earth magnetic field is
 Ans: Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to magnetic force of a bar magnet
 420: Siphon works on the application of
 Ans: Gas & atmospheric pressure

 Extra note : Energy changes in a steam engine is

 From Heat -> Kinetic -> Electricity -> Heat & light
 421: When a catapult is used to project a stone. Which of the ffg energy conversions takes place
as the stone is released
 Ans: The elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy of the stone
 422: a stone tied to the end of a light string and whirled in a vertical circle. The tension in the
string is at maximum when the
 Ans: Stone is at the bottom of the circular path
 423: If the attraction of the sun is suddenly ceased, the earth would continue to move in a
straight line making a tangent with the orbit. This statement is derived from the newton's
 Ans: First law of motion.
 424: if a particle of constant mass M moves in the direction a uniform gravitational force field,
its acceleration
 Ans: Increases
 425: A rocket fired from the earth's surface to a distance planet. By Newton's law of universal
gravitation, the force F will
 Ans: increases as r reduces
 426: The term 'Torque' means
 Ans: moment of a couple about an axis
 427: Which of the following types of motion is produced by a couple
 Ans: Rotational
 428: The center of gravity of a uniform triangular lamina is at the point of intersection of
 Ans: The medians
 429: When a photon collides with a free electron
 Ans: both energy & momentum are conserved
 430: Which of the following would occur if a moving atomA collides with a stationary atom B at
room temperature
 Ans: Kinetic energy would be lost by atom A and gained by atom B
 431: The impact of two colliding objects is said to be perfectly elastic if
 Ans: The total kinetic energy of thgee object after collision is equal to that before collision
 432: Its more convenient to use a lever when the
 Ans: Load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort.
 433: Lubricants used in machine to reduce friction
 Ans: Increase MA(mechanical advantage)
 434: The efficiency of a pulley system can be improved by
 Ans: Reducing the mass of the pulley
 435: The distance through which a screw moves along its head when the screw head is turned
through 180° is
 Ans: Half of pitch
 Note : A full pitch / cycle is 360°
 436: The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain is known as
 Ans: Young's modulus
 437: The property of a material that allows it to be stretched into a wire is
 Ans: ductility
 438: The force that produces angular deformation without a change in volume of a material is
referred to as
 Ans: Shear stress
 439: A man on a bench will exert the greatest pressure on the bench when he
 Ans: Stands on the toes of one foot
 Greatest pressure is exerted with the least area. Pressure increases as area decreases
 440: Air pumped out of sealed can and the can collapses. This is best explained By
 Ans: The air pressure inside the can became less than the pressure outside the can.
 Crushing can experiment is one of the experiment used to test for atmospheric pressure
 441: For accurate measurements of atmospheric pressure, what is used
 Ans: Fortin barometer
 442: Instrument used to measure light intensity is
 Ans: Photometer
 443: Mercury is suitable as a barometric fluid because it
 Ans: Several times denser than water
 Note: Specific gravity is also equal to relative density
 444: The accurate measurements of the relative density of substances in powder or granular
form can be done using a beam balance and a
 Ans: Density bottle
 445: A ship floating in clear water of density 1000kg/m³ moves to a sea water of density
1050kg/m³ where it floats again. The upthrust on the ship then
 Ans: Remains constant
 446: A string Used to immerse a solid in water breaks when the solid is removed from the water.
Why
 Ans: The solid apparently weighs less when completely immersed in water than when partially
immersed
 447: It a beaker is filled with water, it is observed that the surface of the water is not horizontal
at the glass-water surface. This behavior is due to
 Ans: Surface tension
 448: Mercury forms little balls when its spilled on a bench because it
 Ans: Has a high surface tension
 449: When a paint brush is removed from a clean water, the bristles of the brush are pulled
together because of
 Ans: Surface tension
 450: Water does not drip through an open umbrella of silk material unless inside of the umbrella
touched. This is due to
 Ans: Surface tension
 451: The rise and fall of a liquid in a narrow tube is because of
 Ans: Surface tension
 Capillarity os due to surface tension
 452: Movement of ink up a blotting paper can be explained by
 Ans: Capillarity
 453: A parachute attains terminal velocity when
 Ans: The viscous force of the air and the upthrust completely counteracts its weight
 454: The law obeyed if a force on a sphere moving through a viscous fluid is proportional to its
height speed and viscosity
 Ans: Stokes law
 Stokes law = 6πúrv
 455: The rate of a fluid through a pipe depends on
 Ans: Diameter of the pipe
 Viscosity of the fluid
 Velocity of flow
 456: Diffusion depends on
 Ans: Mass, density, temperature and nature of substance
 457: Absolute Zero temperature is the Temperature where
 Ans: The average Kinetic energy of a particle is Zero
 The volume of a gas is zero
 The thermal motion ceases or becomes static
 It occurs at -273°C or 0K
 458: Large metal bridges are often mounted on roller bearing in order to
 Ans: allow to the expansion and contraction of the bridges
 459: When a very hot water is poured into a thin walled glass, its less likely to break because
 Ans: It has uniform expansion unlike the thick walled glass with have uneven expansion and
cracks
 460: What happens when water at 0°C is heated to 4°C?
 Ans: The volume of water contracts
 When water is heated above 4°C. It starts to expand so we can say when heating water from 0°C
to 10°C or any temperature higher than 4°C. It contracts then expands
 461: A product of Pressure and volume equals
 Ans: Energy or workdone
 462: The gas law equivalent to work done is
 Ans: Boyle's law
 463: On a sunny day, the sand on beach is hotter than the sea water because
 Ans: Sand has lower specific heat capacity to water
 Note: Specific heat capacity is the heat required to raise a unit mass of a substance by 1k
 464: During change of state, the heat supplied doesn't increase temperature because
 Ans: All the heat gained is used to break the bonds holding the molecules of the solid together
 465: The phenomenon that shows increase in pressure lowers melting point can be observed in
 Ans: Regeletion
 466: When methylated spirit is split on the hand, the hand feels cold because
 Ans: It absorbs heat from the hand & evaporates rapidly
 467: The saturate vapour pressure of a liquid increases as the
 Ans: Temperature increases
 468: Triple point of water is the point where
 Ans: its in equilibrium with its 3 states. At 0.01°C and 4.58mmHg
 469: When the atmospheric pressure of a liquid reduces, its boiling point
 Ans: Reduces
 470: Water in an open container boils at a lower temperature when heated at the top of a
mountain than at sea level because at the to of the mountain the..
 Ans: Atmospheric pressure is lower
 471: If a room is saturated with water vapour, the temperature of the room must be
 Ans: At dew point or below
 472: Dew is formed as a result of
 Ans: Very low air temperatures during the day & night
 473: The phenomenon whereby water droplets in the atmosphere combine with dust particles
in the air to reduce visibility is
 Ans: Fog
 474: When the temperature difference between the wet and dry bulbs of a hygrometer is high,
this indicates that
 Ans: The relative humidity is low and vice versa if the relative humidity is high
 475: Emission and absorption of radiant heat can be investigated using
 Ans: Leslie cube while a thermopile is used to detect radiant heat
 476: The unit fot thermal conductivity is
 Ans: Js-¹m-¹k-¹ or Wm-¹k-¹
 477: The property that makes metal ideal for cooking utensils is
 Ans: Good conduction of heat
 478: In domestic water boilers, heat transfer is mainly by
 Ans: Convection
 479: land is always cold at night because
 Ans : Earth radiates heat to the atmosphere at night
 480: Heat is radiated by all hot subjects in form of
 Ans: Infrared rays
 481: The rate at which heat is lost from a body depends on
 Ans: The exposed surface area & The temperature difference between the body and its
surroundings (Newton's law of cooling)
 482: In transverse waves, the distance between two adjacent crest is
 Ans: A wavelength
 483: The colors seen in the film of oil on the road and In soap bubbles are due to
 Ans: interference
 484: The phase difference between two waves for maximum destructive interference is
 Ans: 180°
 485: In summer, a motorist wear a Polaroid spectacle to reduce glare of sun light reflected from
then
 Ans: Side mirror
 486: The sound of an electric bell dies slowly because when air is slowly pumped out from a
bottle because
 Ans: Sound needs a material medium
 487: Thunder is usually heard some seconds after lightening because
 Ans: Light travels faster than sound
 488: The characteristic of a vibration that determines its intensity is
 Ans: Amplitude.
 489: The sound produced by a box guitar can be made more audible by increasing the
 Ans: Length of strings
 490: Total ecplise of the sun occurs when
 Ans: Moon is between Sun & Earth
 491: The image in a pin hole camera is
 Ans: Inverted and formed by the light from each point traveling in a straight line
 492: As an object moves towards a pin hole camera, the image becomes
 Ans: Brighter and bigger
 493: A boy looks at the image of an object in a plane mirror. He observes two images, a main
bright one and the other faint. The observed image is as a result of
 Ans: Reflection
 494: A ray of light passes through the center of curvature of a concave mirror(optic center) and
strikes the mirror. At what angle is the ray reflected
 Ans: 0°
 It remains undeviated
 495: To produce a parallel beam of light. At what distance should a lamp be placed from a
mirror
 Ans: The focal length
 When an object is placed at the focal length. The image is always formed at infinity (parallel)
 When an object is placed at C ( radius of curvature). The images is always formed at C and has
the same size i.e no Magnification
 496: When an object is placed very close to the pole of a concave mirror, the virtual object
obtained is
 Ans: Magnified, erect and virtual (VEM) and image is formed behind the mirror
 Note : It is used as a shaving mirror or dentist mirror
 497: After reflection from the concave mirror, the rays of light from the sun converged at
 Ans: Focus
 498: When a ray of light Passes from water to glass, it
 Ans: Bends towards the normal
 When waves moves from dense to denser medium, it bends towards the normal and vice versa
 499: Submarine periscope works on the principle of
 Ans: Total internal reflection
 Note: Submarine Periscope uses a reflecting prism instead of plane mirror to avoid multiple
images in mirror
 500: The existence of conjugate points, one on either side of a converging lens is based on the
principle of
 Ans: Reversibility of light
 501: Surface tension is not a consequence of
 Ans: a force field
 502: Which of the following is a reason why a concrete floor feels colder to the bare foot than a
mat on the same floor?
 Ans: Concrete floor is a better conductor of heat than mat
 503:The vibration resulting from the action of an external periodic force on the motion of a body
is called?
 Ans:Forced vibration
 504: When a mass attached to a spiral spring is set into vertical oscillations, its acceleration will
have a?
 Ans: Constant magnitude & a varying direction