NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE

Bethesda, Maryland

Gift of

Edward B. Schlesinger, M.D.

'£?%, , /,, § j

6 £-^- * *£-^ <2^ *~

ANATOMICAL

PLATES.
ANATOMICAL ATLAS,
ILLUSTRATIVE OF

THE STRUCTURE
OF

THE HUMAN BODY.

BY
HENRY H. SMITH, M.D.
Fellow of the College of Physicians, Member of the
Philadelphia Medical Society, &c.

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

WILLIAM E. HORNER, M.D.,

Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania, &c.

PHILADELPHIA:
LEA AND BLANCHARD,
1844.
Entered, according lo tiie Act of Congress, in the year 1843, by Lea and Blanchard, in the clerk's office

of the district court of the United States, for the eastern district of Pennsylvania.

SHERMAN, PRINTER,
19 St.James St.

Q3lm)
 PREFACE.
In the performance of the duty which has been confided to me, of forming
a set of Plates as an accompaniment to the text of the work entitled,
" Special Anatomy and Histology, by Wm. E. Horner, M.D., Professor of
Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1843," the present

volume is now offered. The utility of drawings in illustration of a purely

demonstrative branch, is now too well established to require any argument
in its favour. Separated from the centre of instruction, and deprived of the
advantages of the Dissecting Room, the ideas once so thoroughly acquired
soon begin to fade, and the images once so distinct, become confused and
mixed. A recourse to plates, in the absence of dead bodies, is then the only
means of refreshing our knowledge.

Numerous works, framed with these intentions, have long enjoyed a large
share of professional approbation ; some from the finished style of their exe-
cution; others from some striking feature of simplicity, or adaptation to the
wants of medical men.
The claim of the present one is, to have been selected from the most accu-
rate of these, as well as from the latest Microscopical Observations on the
Anatomy of the Tissues ; and where plates were not deemed satisfactory,
to have been enriched by original drawings, from specimens furnished by the
beautiful Anatomical Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.
In the arrangement of the work, it will be seen that reference has been
had to the production of a volume suited to general circulation, of such a
size as could be conveniently used in the Lecture, Dissecting, or Operating

Room ; with a Terminology sanctioned by general usage in the United

States, and with concomitant references on the same page, thereby saving
to the young student much embarrassment and confusion. Lastly, it has
been placed at such a price as will render it easy of acquirement by all.

To the attention bestowed on the plates by the artists employed in their

execution, is due much of their fidelity. The original drawings, as well as

those which are copies in a reduced form, are from the pencil of Mr. Pinker-
ton, a gentleman now most favourably known in this department of Anatomy.
To say that the engravings are in Mr. Gilbert's best style, is sufficient guar-
antee for their beauty, his name being now identified with some of the finest

wood engravings made in this country.

HENRY H. SMITH,
October, 1843. 117 South Ninth Street.
 NOTICE.

Owing to other engagements of Mr. Pinkerton, the drawings for

Parts Third and Fifth of this work, have been prepared by Mr.

J. T. French, and those of Part Fourth by Mr. M. S. Weaver, to

whose skill and experience in this department of drawing we are

much indebted for the taste and correctness shown in their exe-
cution.

August, 1844.
 I NDEX

THE ILLUSTRATIONS,
E M BRACING

SIX HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIX FIGURES

A Highly Finished View of the Bones of the Head facing the title-page.
View of Cuvier's Anatomical Theatre vignette.

PART I

BONES AND LIGAMENTS.

Fig. Page Fig. Page
1. Front View of Adult Skeleton 17 36. The First Rib 30
2. Back View of Adult Skeleton 18 Rib
37. General Characters of a 30
3. Foetal Skeleton 19 38. Front View of the Sternum 30
4. Cellular Structure of Femur 20 39. Head of a Peruvian Indian 31
5. Cellular and Compact Structure of Tibia .... 20 40. Head of a Choctaw Indian 31
6. Fibres of Compact Matter of Bune 20 41. Front View of the Os Frontis 31

7. Concentric Lamellae of Bone 20 42. Under Surface of the Os Frontis 31

8. Compact Matter under the Microscope 21 J
43. Internal Surface of the Os Frontis 32
9. Haversian Canals and Lacunae of Bone 21 \
44. External Surface of the Parietal Bone 32
10. Vessels of Compact Matter 21 45. Internal Surface of the Parietal Bone 32
j

11. Minute Structure of Bones 21 46. External Surface of the Os Occipitis 33

12. Ossification in Cartilage 22 47. Internal Surface of the Os Occipitis 33
^

13. Ossification in the Scapula 22 48. External Surface of the Temporal Bone 33
|

14. Puncta Ossificationis in Femur 22 49. Internal Surface of the Temporal Bone 33
j

Column 23 50. Internal Surface of the Sphenoid Bone 34

15. Side View of the Spinal
23 51. Anterior and Inf. Surface of the Sphenoid Bone 34
16. Epiphyses and Diaphysis of Bone <

23 52. Posterior Surface of the Ethmoid 34

17. External Periosteum <

18. Punctum Ossificationis in the Head 24 53. Front View of the Bones of the Face 35
19. A Cervical Vertebra 24 54. Outside of the Upper Maxilla 35

20. The Atlas 24 55. Inside of the Upper Maxilla 35

j

21. The Dentata 24 56. Posterior Surface of the Palate Bone 36

22. Side View of the Cervical Vertebrae 25 57. The Nasal Bones 36
25 58. The Os Unguis 36
23. Side View of the Dorsal Vertebrae
59. Inferior Spongy Bone 36
24. A Dorsal Vertebra 25
26 60. Right Malar Bone 36
25. Side View of the Lumbar Vertebrae
26. Side View of one of the Lumbar Vertebra .
. 26 61. The Vomer 37
62. Inferior Maxillary Bone. 37
27. Perpendicular View of the Lumbar Vertebrae . 26
27 63. Sutures of the Vault of the Cranium 37
28. Anterior of Sacrum ,

29. Posterior View of Sacrum 27 64. Sutures of the Posterior of the Cranium 37
27 65. Diploe of the Cranium 38
30. The Bones of the Coccyx
31. Outside View of the Innominatum 28 66. Inside of the Base of the Cranium 38
j

32. Inside View of the Innominatum 28 67. Outside of the Base of the Cranium 38
J

33. Anterior View of the Male Pelvis 29 ; 68. The Facial Angle 39
29 69. The Fontanels ... 39
34. Anterior View of the Female Pelvis
30 70. The Os Hyoides 39
35. Front of the Thorax

Fag*
 PART I. ILLUSTRATIONS.
Fig. Page /Fig. Pajic

71. Posterior of the Scapula 40 : 100. Ligaments of the Jaw 48

72. Axillary Margin of the Scapula 40 101. Internal View of thesame 48
J

73. The Clavicle 40 5 102. Vertical Section of the same 48

74. The Humerus 41 103. Anterior Vertebral Ligaments 49
75. The Ulna 41 M04. Posterior Vertebral Ligaments 49
76. The Radius 41 105. Yellow Ligaments 49
77. The Bones of the Carpus 42 106. Costo- Vertebral Ligaments 50
78. The Bones of the Hand 42 107. Occipito-Altoidien Ligaments 50
79. Aiticulation of the Carpal Bones 42 View of the same
108. Posterior 50
80. Anterior View of the Femur 43 109. Upper Part of the same 50
81. Posterior View of the Femur 43 110. Moderator Ligaments 51
82. The Tibia 43 111. Anterior Pelvic Ligaments 51
83. The Fibula 44 !ll2. Posterior Pelvic Ligaments 51
84. Anterior View of the Patella 44 113. Sterno-Clavicular Ligaments
1
52
85. Posterior View of the Patella 44 114. Scapulo-Humeral Articulation 52
86. The Os Calcis 44 115. External View of Elbow Joint 52
J

87. The Astragalus 44 116. Internal View of Elbow Joint 52

88. The Naviculare 45 117. Ligaments of the Wrist 53
89. The Cuboid Bone 45 118. Diagram of the Carpal Synovial Membranes 53
90. The Three Cuneiform Bones 45 119. Ligaments of the Hip Joint 54
91. Top of the Foot 45 120. Anterior View of the Knee Joint 54
92. The Sole of the Foot 45 121. Posterior View of the Knee Joint 54
93. Cells in Cartilage 46 122. Section of the Right Knee Joint 55
94. Articular Cartilage under the Microscope. . 46 123. Section of the Left Knee Joint 55
95. Costal Cartilage under the Microscope 46 124. Internal Side of the Ankle Joint 55
96. Magnified Section of Cartilage 46 125. External Side of the Ankle Joint 55
97. Magnified View of Fibro-Cartilage 47 126. Posterior View of the Ankle Joint 56
98. White Fibrous Tissue 47 127. Ligaments on the Sole of the Foot 56
99. Yellow Fibrous Tissue 47 128. Vertical Section of the Foot 56

PART II.

DERMOID AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS.

129. Muscles on the Front of the Body, full length 59 5 158. Arrangement of Fibres of Muscle 67
130. Muscles on the Back of the Body, full length 60 159. Disks of Muscular Fibre 67
131. The Cellular Tissue 61 160. Muscular Fibre broken transversely 67
132. Fat Vesicles 61^161. Striped Elementary Fibres, magnified .... 68
133. Blood-Vessels of Fat 61 j
162. Striae of Fibres from the Heart of an Ox. 68
134. Cell Membrane of Fat Vesicles 61 163. Transverse Section of Biceps Muscle 68
135. Magnified View of the Epidermis 62 j
164. Fibres of the Pectoralis Major 68
136. Cellular Tissue of the Skin 62 165. Attachment of Tendon to Muscle 68
137. Rete Mucosum, &c. of Foot 62 166. Nerve terminating in Muscle 69
138. Epidermis and Rete Mucosum 62 j 167. Superficial Muscles of Face and Neck .... 69
139. Cutis Vera, Magnified 63 168. Deep-seated Muscles of Face and Neck ... 70
140. Cutaneous Papillae 63 169. Lateral View of the same 70
141. Internal Face of Cutis Vera 63 170. Lateral View of Superficial Muscles of Face 71
142. Integuments of Foot under the Microscope 63 171. Lateral View of Deep-seated Muscles of Face 71
143. Cutaneous Glands 64 172. Tensor Tarsi or Muscle of Horner 72
144. Sudoriferous Organs 64 173. Pterygoid Muscles 73
145. Sebaceous Glands and Hairs 64 \ 174. Muscles of Neck 73
146. Perspiratory Gland Magnified 65 (175. Muscles of Tongue 73
147. A Hair under the Microscope 65 s 176. Fascia Profunda Colli 73
1 48. A Hair from the Face under the Microscope 65 177. Superficial Muscles of Thorax 74
149. Follicle of a Hair 65 j
178. Deep-seated Muscles of Thorax 74
1 50. Arteries of a Hair 65 179. Front View of Abdominal Muscles 75
151. Skin of the Beard, Magnified 66 180. Side View of Abdominal Muscles 75
152. External Surface of the Thumb Nail 66 181. External parts concerned in Hernia
i 76
153. Internal Surface of the Thumb Nail 66 182. Internal parts concerned in Hernia
< 76
154. Section of Nail of Fore Finger 66; 183. Deep-seated Muscles of Trunk 77
1 55. Same highly magnified 66 184. Inguinal and Femoral Rings
;
77
156. Development of Muscular Fibre 67 185. Deep-seated Muscles of Neck 78
157. Another View of the same 67 186. Superficial Muscles of Back 78
 PART II. ILLUSTRATIONS.
Fig. Page ) Fig. Page
187. Posterior Parietes of Chest and Abdomen . 79 Deep Muscles on Back of Arm
219. 90
188. Under side of Diaphragm 79 203. Flexor Muscles of Fore-Arm
5 85
189. Second Layer of Muscles of Back 80 204. Muscles in Palm of Hand 85
190. Muscles of Vertebral Gutter 80 205. Deep Flexors of the Fingers 85
191. Fourth Layer of Muscles of Back 81 206. Superficial Extensors 86
192. Muscles behind Cervical Vertebras 81 207. Deep-seated Extensors 86
193. Deltoid Muscle 82 Thigh
208. Rotator Muscles of the 86
194. Anterior View of Muscles of Shoulder 82 Back of the Hip
209. Muscles on the 87
195. Posterior View of Muscles of Shoulder ... 82 210. Deep Muscles on the Front of Thigh 87
196. Another View of the same 82 21 1. Superficial Muscles on the Front of Thigh
>

197. Fascia Brachialis 83 212. Muscles on the Back of the Thigh

198. Fascia of the Fore-Arm 83 213. Muscles on Front of Leg
I

199. Muscles on the Back of the Hand 83 214. Muscles on Back of Leg
J
89
200. Muscles on the Front of the Arm 84 215. Deep-seated Muscles on Back of Leg
: 89
201. Muscles on the Back of the Arm 84 216. Muscles on the Sole of the Foot
\ 89
202. Pronators of the Fore-Arm 84 217. Another View of the same 89
218. Deep Muscles on Front of Arm 90 '

PART III

ORGANS OF DIGESTION AND GENERATION.

220. Digestive Organs in their whole length ... 93 289. Under Side of the Soft Palate
? 101
221. Cavity of the Mouth 93 290. A Lobule of the Parotid Gland 101
222. Labial and Buccal Glands 93 291. Salivary Glands
i 102
223. Teeth in the Upper and Lower Jaws 94 292. Internal Surface of the Pharynx
s 102
224. Upper Jaw, with Sockets for Teeth 94 293. External Surface of the Pharynx
j
102
225. Lower Jaw, with Sockets for Teeth 94 294. Vertical Section of the Pharynx
i
103
226. Under Side of the Teeth in the Upper Jaw . 94 295. Muscular Coat of the (Esophagus 103
j

227. Upper Side of the Teeth in the Lower Jaw . 94 296. Longitudinal Section of the (Esophagus .. 103
228 to 235. Eight Teeth, from one side of the 297. Parietes of the Abdomen 104
Upper Jaw 95 298. Reflexions of the Peritoneum 104
236 to 243. Eight Teeth, from one side of the 299. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen 105
Lower Jaw 95 300. Another View of the same 105
244 to 251. Side View of Eight Upper Jaw 301. The Intestines in Situ 106
Teeth 95 302. Stomach and (Esophagus 106
252 to 259. Side View of Eight Lower Jaw 303. FrontStomachView of the 107
Teeth 96 304. Interior of the Stomach 107
260 to 265. Sections of Eight Teeth 96 305. The Stomach and Duodenum 107
266 to 267. Enamel and Internal Structure of j 306. Interior of the Duodenum 108
Two of the Teeth 96 307. Gastric Glands
j
108
268. Bicuspis Tooth under the Microscope .... 97 308. Mucous Coat of the Stomach 108
269. Position of Enamel Fibres 97 309. An Intestinal Villus 108
270. Hexngonal Enamel Fibres 97 310. Its Vessels 108
271. Enamel Fibres very highly magnified .... 97 (311. Glands of the Stomach, magnified 108
272. A very highly Magnified View of Fig. 268 97 312. Villus and Lacteal 1 08
273. Internal portion of the Dental Tubes 98 313. Muscular Coat of the Ileum 103
274. External portion of the Dental Tubes .... 98 314 Jejunum distended and dried 109
275. Section of the Crown of a Tooth 98 315. Follicles of Lieberkuhn 109
276. Tubes at the Root of a Bicuspis 98 316. Glands of Brunner 109
277. Upper Surface of the Tongue 98 317. Intestinal Glands 109
278. Under Surface of the Tongue 99 318. Valvulae Conniventes 109
279. Periglottis turned off the Tongue 99 319. Ueo-Colic Valve 109
280. Muscles of the Tongue 99 320. Villi and Intestinal Follicles 110
281. Another View of the same 99 321. Veins of the Ileum 1 10

282. Section of the Tongue 100 322. Villi filled with Chyle 110
283. Styloid Muscles, &c 100 323. Peyer's Glands 110

284. Section of a Gustatory Papilla 100 324. Villi of the Jejunum under the Microscope 110
285. View of another Papilla 100 325. The Caecum Ill

2^6. Root of the Mouth and SoR Palate 101 j

326. The Mesocolon and Colon Ill

287. Front View of the Pharynx and Muscles . . 101 < 327. Muscular Coat of the Colon Ill

288. Back View of the Pharynx and Muscles. . . 101 328. Muscular Fibres of the Rectum Ill

>;ij-e 1 1.
 PART 111. ILLUSTRATIONS.
Fig. P "K«
Page Pig.
,
329. Curvatures of the Large Intestine The Bladder and Urethra, full length 131
1 12 370.,

121
330. Mucous Follicles of the Rectum 112 371. Muscular Coat of the Bladder
121
331. Rectal Pouches 112 372. Another View of the same
113 373. Sphincter Apparatus of the Bladder
332. Follicles of the Colon, highly magnified 12:2
. .

122
333. Folds and Follicles of the Stomach 113 374. Prostate and Vesiculee Seminales
;

122
334. Follicles, &c. of the Jejunum 113 375. Side View of the Pelvic Viscera
123
335. Villi and Follicles of the Ileum 113 376. The Glans Penis injected
!

336. Muciparous Glands of the Stomach 114 377. The Penis distended and dried 123
{

337. Ileum inverted, &c 114 378. Section of the same

;
123
338. Glands of Peyer magnified 114 379. Vertical Section of the Male Pelvis, &c.
]
. 123
339. Peritoneum of the Liver injected , . 115 380. Septum Pcctiniforme 123
j

340. Liver in Situ 115 381. Arteries of the Penis 123

341. Under surface of the Liver 115 382. Vertical Section of the Urethra
\
123
342. Hepatic Vein 115 383. Vesiculee Seminales injected
?
123
343. Parenchyma of the Liver 115 384. Muscles of the Male Perineum
\ 124
344. Hepatic Blood-Vessels 116 385. Interior of the Pelvis, seen from above
S
... 124
345. Biliary Ducts 116 386. Testis in the Foetus
1 125
346. Angular Lobules of the Liver 116 387. Diagram of the Descent of the Testis .... 125
j

347. Rounded Hepatic Lobules 116] 388. Tunica Vaginalis Testis 125
348. Coats of the Gall Bladder , 116 389. Transverse Section of the Testis
;
125
349. Gall Bladder injected 116 390. Relative Position of the Prostate, &c 126
350. Vena Portarum 117 391. Vas Deferens 126
351. External Face of the Spleen 117 ! 392. Vertical Section of the Bladder 126
352. Internal Face of the Spleen 117 J
393. The Testicle injected with Mercury 126
353. Splenic Vein ..,...., , 11 7 j
394. Another View , 126
354. Pancreas, &c, injected 117 < 395. Minute Structure of the Testis 126
355. Urinary Organs 118 396. Female Generative Organs
\
127
356. Right Kidney and Capsule 118 397. Another View of the same P27
357. LeftKidney and Capsule 1 18 398. External Organs in the Foetus
J
127
358. Kidney under the Microscope 118 399. Muscles of the Female Perineum 127
359. The Ureter 1 18 400. Side View of the Female Pelvis, &c
j
128
360. Section of the Right Kidney 118 401. Relative Position of the Female Organs .. 128
361. Section of the Left Kidney 118 402. Section of the Uterus, &c 128
362. Pyramids of Malpighi 119 403. Fallopian Tubes, Ovaries, &c 129

363. Lobes of the Kidney 119 401. Front View of the Mammary Gland 129

364. Renal Arteries, &c, injected , . , 119 405. The same after removal of the Skin 129
365. Section of the Kidney highly magnified . 120 406. Side View of the Breast 130
366. Corpora Malpighiana 120 !
407. Origin of Lactiferous Ducts 130
367. Same magnified 120 !
408. Lactiferous Tubes during Lactation 130
368. Tubuli Urinifcri 120 ;
409. Minute Termination of a Tube 130
369. Corpora Wolfiana , J20 410. Ducts injected; after Sir Astley Cooper .. 130

PART IV.

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION.

411. Front View of the Thyroid Cartilage 133 j
427. Front View of the Lungs 136
412. Side View of the Thyroid Cartilage 133 428. Back View of the Lungs
j
136
413. Posterior of the Arytenoid Cartilage 133 429. The Trachea and Bronchia 137
414. Anterior of the Arytenoid Cartilage 133 430. Lungs, Heart, &c 137
415. Epiglottis Cartilage 133 431. First appearance of the Blood-vessels 138
416. Cricoid Cartilage , 133 432. Capillary Vessels magnified
i 138
417. Ligaments of the Larynx 134 433. Another View of the same 1 3d
418. Side View of the same 134 434. Blood Globules , 138
419. The Thyroid Gland 134 435. Another View of the same 138
420. Internal Surface of the Larynx 134 436. The Mediastina 1 39
421. Crico-Thyroid Muscles 135 437. Parenchyma of the Lung 139
422. Crico-Arytenoid Muscles 135 438. The Heart and Pericardium 139
423. Articulations of theLarynx 135 439. Anterior View of the Heart ] 39
424. Vertical Section of the Larynx 13.5 440. Posterior View of the Heart 1 39
425. The Vocal Ligaments 13") 4 11. Anterior View of its Muscular Structure . 140
426. Thymus Gland , 135 442. Posterior View of the same 140

Page 12.
 PART IV. ILLUSTRATIONS.
F '~- Page i
F'?- P"ge
443. Interior of the Right Ventricle 140 ; 476. Superficial Arteries on the Top of the Foot 153
111. Interior of the Left Ventricle 140 477. Deep-seated Arteries on the Top of the Foot 153
,

445. Mitral Valve, the size of life 140 478. Posterior Tibial Artery at the Ankle
I
153
446. The Auriculo-Ventricular Valves 141 ;
479. The Plantar Arteries 153
447. Section of the Ventricles 141 ^
480. Arteries and Veins of the Face and Neck . 154
448. The Arteries from the Arch of the Aorta . 141 |
481. Great Vessels from the Heart 155
449. The Arteries of the Neck, the size of life . 142 482. External Jugular Vein
\
155
450. The External Carotid Artery 143 483. Lateral View of the Vertebral Sinuses .... 156
;

451. A Front View of the Arteries of the Head 484. Posterior View of the Vertebral Sinuses .. 156
and Neck 143 485. Anterior View of the \ertcbral Sinuses
I . . 156
452. The Internal Maxillary Artery 144 486. Superficial Veins of the Arm
j
157
453. Vertebral & Carotid Arteries with the Aorta 144 487. The same at the Elbow 157
4.54. Axillary and Brachial Arteries 144 488. The Veins of the Hand 157
455. The Brachial Artery 145 |
489. The Great Veins of the Trunk 158
45G. Its Division at the Elbow 145 490. Relative positions of the Arteries and Veins
457. One of the Anomalies of the Brachial Artery 145 of the Trunk 158
458. Radial and Ulnar Arteries 146 491. The Venae Cava; 159
459. Another View of the same 146 492. The Vena Portarum 159
460. The Arcus Sublimis and Profundus 146 493. Deep Veins of the back of the Leg 159
461. The Aorta in its entire length 147 Relative positions of the Veins to the Arte-
1494.
462. Arteries of the Stomach and Liver 147 ries in the Arm 160
463. Superior Mesenteric Artery 148 495. Superficial Veins of the Thigh 1 60
464. Inferior Mesenteric Artery 148 t 496. Saphena Vein 160
465. Abdominal Aorta , . . . . 149 ] 497. Superficial Veins of the Leg 1 60
466. Primitive Iliac and Femoral Arteries .... 149 / 498. Lymphatics of the Upper Extremity 161
467. Perineal Arteries of the Male 150 '/ 499. The Lymphatics and Glands of the Axilla . 161
468. Position of the Arteries in the Inguinal \ 500. The Femoral and Aortic Lymphatics .... 161
Canal , 150 501. The Lymphatics of the Small Intestines . 162
469. Internal Iliac Artery 151 502. The Thoracic Duet 162
470. Femoral Artery 151 503. The Lymphatics of the Groin 162
471. Gluteal and Ischiatic Arteries 151 Lymphatics of the Thigh
504. Superficial 162
472. Brandies of the Ischiatic Artery 151 505. Lymphatics of the Jejunum 163
473. Popliteal Artery 152 506. Deep Lymphatics of the Thigh 163
474. Anterior Tibial Artery , 152 507. Superficial Lymphatics of the Leg 163
475. Posterior Tibial Artery 152 508. Deep Lymphatics of the Leg 1 63

PART V.

THE NEHVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSES.

509. Dura Mater Cerebri and Spinalis 166 j
527. Another View of the Cerebellum 170
510. Anterior View of the Brain and Spinal Mar- \ 528. View of the Arbor Vita;, &c. - 170
row 166 ;
529. Posterior View of the Medulla Oblongata . 171
511. Anterior View of the Spinal Marrow, &c. . 166 j
530. A Vertical Section of the Cerebellum 171
512. Lateral View of the Spinal Marrow, &c. . . 167 531. Another Section of the Cerebellum 171
513. Posterior View of the Spinal Marrow, &c. 167 532. Convolutions of the Cerebrum 171
514. Decussation of Mitischelli 167 533. The Cerebrum entire 172
515. Origins of the Spinal Nerves 167 534. A Section of its Base 173
516. Anterior View of the Spinal Marrow and (535. The Corpus Callosum entire 173
Nerves 168 536. Diverging Fibres of the Cerebrum, &x. ... 174
5 1 7. Posterior View of the Spinal Marrow and 537. Vertical Section of the Head 175
Nerves 168 538. Section of the Corpus Callosum 175
518. Anterior Spinal Commissure 1 68 539. Longitudinal Section of the Brain 175
519. Posterior Spinal Commissure 168 540. View of a Dissection by Gall 175
520. Transverse Section of the Spinal Marrow . 168 541. The Commissures of the Brain 176
521. Dura Mater and Sinuses 169 542. Lateral Ventricles 176
522. Sinuses laid open 169 ) 543. Corpora Striata- Fornix, &c 176
523. Sinuses at the Base of the Cranium 169 544. Fifth Ventricle and Lyra 176
524. Pons Varolii, Cerebellum, &c 169 545. Another View of the Lateral Ventricles . 177
525. Superior Face of the Cerebellum 170 j
546. Another View of the Ventricles 177
526. Inferior Face of the Cerebellum 170 \ 547. Origins of the 4th and 5th pairs of Nerves . 177
 PART V. I LLUSTRATIONS.
Fig. I ,;1 ^°
Page j
Fig.
548. The Circle of Willis 178 593. Another View of the Malleus 187
549. A Side View of the Nose 178 594. A Front View of the Stapes
5 187
550. The Nasal Cartilages 178(595. Magnified View of the Stapes 187
551. Bones and Cartilages of the Nose 178 596. Magnified View of the Incus
|
187
552. Oval Cartilages, &c 178(597. Cellular Structure of the Malleus 187
553. Schneiderian Membrane 178 598. Magnified View of the Labyrinth 188
554. External Parietes of the Left Nostril 179 599. Natural Size of the Labyrinth
\
188
555. Arteries of the Nose 179 600. Labyrinth laid open, and magnified 188
556. Pituitary Membrane injected 179 601. Labyrinth, natural size
$
188
557. Posterior Nares 179 j 602. Labyrinth of a Foetus 1 89
558. Front View of the Eye 1 80 603. Another View of the same 189
559. Side View of the Eye 180 604. Nerves of the Labyrinth
1 189
560. Posterior View of the Eyelids, &c 180 605. A View of the Vestibule, &c 190
561. Glandulae Palpebrarum 180 606.
1 Its Soft Parts, &c 190
562. Lachrymal Canals 181 607.
j
An Ampulla and Nerve 190
563. Muscles of the Eye Ball 181 608. Plan of the Cochlea 191
564. Side View of the Eye Ball 181 609. Lamina Spiralis, &c 191
565. Longitudinal Section of the Eye Ball 181 610. The Auditory Nerve 191
566. Horizontal Section of the Eye Ball 182 611. Nerve on the Lamina Spiralis 192
567. Anterior View of a Transverse Section 183 612. Arrangement of the Cochlea 192
568. Posterior View of a Transverse Section . . . 183 613. Veins of the Cochlea, highly magnified ... 192
569. Choroid Coat injected 183 614. A View of the Opening of the Eustachian
s

570. Veins of the Choroid Coat 183 |

Tube in the Throat 193
571. The Iris 183 615. Origin of the Portio Mollis of the Seventh
I

572. The Retina and Lens 183 Pair of Nerves 193

573. External View of the same 184 61 6. The Olfactory Nerves 193
574. Vessels in the Conjunctiva 184; 617. The Optic and seven other Pairs of Nerves 194
575. Retina, injected and magnified 184 618. Third, Fourth, and Sixth Pairs of Nerves . 194
576. Iris, highly magnified 184 619. Distribution of the Fifth Pair 194
577. Vitreous Humour and Lens 184 620. The Facial Nerve 195
578. Crystalline Adult Lens 184 621. The Hypo-Glossal Nerve 195
579. Lens of the Foetus, magnified 184 622. A Plan of the Eighth Pair of Nerves 196
580. Side View of the Lens 184 623. The Distribution of the Eighth Pair 196
581. Membrana Pupillaris 185 624 The Great Sympathetic Nerve 197
582. Another View of the same 185 625. The Brachial Plexus 198
583. Posterior View of the same 185 626. Nerves of the Front of the Arm 198
584. A View of the Left Ear 186 627. Nerves of the Back of the Arm 198
585. Its Sebaceous Follicles 186 628. Lumbar and Ischiatic Nerves
< 199
586. Cartilages of the Ear 186 629. Posterior Branches to the Hip,
\ &c 199
587. The same with its Muscles 186 630. Anterior Crural Nerve
j
199
588. The Cranial Side of the Ear 186 631. Anterior Tibial Nerve 200
589. Meatus Auditorius Externus, &c 186 632. Branches of the Popliteal Nerve 200
590. Labyrinth and Bones of the Ear 187 633. Posterior Tibial Nerve on the Leg 200
591. Full View of the Malleus 187 634. Posterior Tibial Nerve on the Foot 200
592. The Incus 187 |

Page J.4.
 PART FIRST.

BONES:
NINETY-TWO FIGURES.

LIGAMENTS:
THIRTY-SIX FIGURES.
 FIC. 1

FIG. 1.

A FRONT VIEW OF THE ADULT SKELETON.

1. Frontal Bone. 8. Nasal Cavity. 15. Innominata. 23. Femur.
2. Parietal Bone. 9. Cervical Vertebrae. 16. Sacrum. 24. Patella.
3. Nasal Hones. 10. Clavicle. 17. Humerus. 25. Fibula.
4. Occipital Bone. 11. Scapula. 18. Radius. 26. Tibia.
5. Orbits of Eyes, 12. Sternum. 19. Ulna. 27. Calcis& Astragalus.
(i. Malar Bone. 13. Ribs. 20. Carpus. 28. Cuneiform & C uboid.
7. Upper and Lower 14. 14. Dorsal and 21. Meta-Carpus. 29. Meta-Tarsii3.
Maxilla-. Lumbar Vertebrau. 22. Phalanges of Hand. 30. Phalanges of Toes.
17.
 FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

A BACK VIEW OF THE ADULT SKELETON.

1. Occipital Bone. $ 5. Lumbar Vertebrae. £
8. Trochanter Major.
2. Cervical Vertebrae. ', 6.6. Ilia. i 9. Trochanter Minor.
;J. Scapula.
\ 7.7. Ischia. >, 10. Condyles of Femur.
1. Dorsal Vertebra-. / /

JTcige 13.
 FIG. 3.

FIG. 3

A FRONT VIEW OF THE FCETAL SKELETON, SHOWING- THE

GREAT EXPANSION OF THE CHEST AND THE
IMPERFECT DEVFJLOPEMENT OF
THE BONES.
Pas?e 19.
 FIG. 4. FIG.

FIG. 6. FIG. 7.

TEXTURE OF BONES.
FIG. 4. FIG. 6.

A LONGITUDINAL SECTION OP A FEMUR, SHOW- The Texture of a Bone as shown

in a Hu-
ING the Cellular Structure at its ex- merus, after maceration in dilute acid.
tremity.
1.1. The Compact Matter as usually seen.
FIG. 5.
2. 2. The same split, so as to show the Lon-
gitudinal Fibres composing it.
A Longitudinal section of a Tibia, show-
ing
3. The Internal Cellular Matter.
4. The Bone seen under its Articular Car-
1. The Compact Structure.
tilage.
2. The Cellular Structure.
3. A Transverse section of the Femur, show-
ing its Compact Substance, its Internal FIG. 7.

Cellular Structure, and the Medullary A view of the Concentric Lamellae of thf
Canal. Compact Matter of a Bone.
20.
 FIG 9.

^jwws^3^-^

FIG. 10. FIG. 11.

TEXTURE OF BONES.
PIG. 8. FIG. 10.

A Transverse section of the Compact Mat- A Longitudinal section of the Compact tis-
sue OF THE SHAFT OF A LONG BONE SHOWING
TER AS SEEN UNDER THE MICROSCOPE MAGNI-
;
THE VESSELS.
FIED FIFTEEN DIAMETERS.
1. Arterial Canal.
1. Periosteal or Outer Layer. 2. Venous Canal.
2. Medullary or Internal Layer. 3. Dilatation of another Venous Canal.

The intermediate Haversian systems of La-

FIG. 11.
mella?, each perforated by a Haversian The Minute Structure of a bone magnified
Canal, are also shown. 300 diameters.
1 A Haversian Canal surrounded by its
concentric Lamellae.
2. The same with its Purkinjean Corpus-
FIG. 9.
cules and converging tubuli.
A Transverse of an old Tibia,
section 3.The area of one of the canals.
SHOWING THE APPEARANCE OF THE LAMELLAE 4.Direction of the Lamellae of the great
SURROUNDING THE HAVERSIAN CANALS, AND Medullary Canal.
ALSO THE APPEARANCE OF THE LaCUNE, The outlines of three other canals, showing
WHEN THEIR PORES ARE FILLED WITH LI- their form and arrangement in the entire

UUID. bone, are also seen.

Page
 FIG. 13.

no 12.

FIG. 14.

"TUP.K OF BONES.
FIG. 12. FIG. 13.

A MAGNIFIED VIEW OF A VERTICAL SECTION OF j

The Scapula of a Fcetus at the seventh
GARTILAGE FROM A NEW-BORN RABBIT, SHOW- MONTH, SHOWING THE LINEAR DIRECTION OF
ING THE PROGRESS TOWARDS OSSIFICATION. the Ossification.
1. The Ordinary appearance of Temporary
1. 2. 3. Are Epiphyses as yet in the state
Cartilage.
of Cartilage.
1. The same, more highly magnified.
2. The Primary Cells beginning to assume
the linear direction.
2. The same, more highly magnified. FIG. 14.
3. The Ossification is extending in the inter-
A Vertical section of the KneeJoint of
cellular spaces, and the rows of cells are an infant, showing the Puncta Ossifica-
seen resting in the cavities so formed, the tionis in the shaft and epiphyses of the
|

Nuclea being more separated than above. |

Femur and Tibia, as well as in the
3. The same, mngnificd more highly. ', Patella.
•e 22.
 FIG. 15.

FIG. 16.

FIG. 17.

DEVELOPEMENT OF BONES.
FIG. 15. FIG. 16.

A Lateral View of the Spinal Column, A Young Femur, showing, at

showing its Curvatures and Internal 1. 2. 3. 5. the Epiphyses.
Structure.
1. Atlas. 4. The Diaphysis.
2. Deiitata. 2.3. afterwards become Apophyses.
3. Seventh Cervical Vertebra.
4. Twelfth Dorsal Vertebra.
5. Fifth Lumbar Vertebra.
0. First piece of Sacrum.
7. Last piece of Sacrum. FIG. 17.

8. Coccyx.
9. A Spinous Process.
The External Periosteum laid open and
10. 10. Intervertebral Foramina. turned off from a young humerus.
Page 23.
 FIG. 18.

FIG. 10.

FIG. 2). FIG. 21.

BONES OF THE TRUNK.

FIG. 18.
FIG. 20.

The Atlas
A View of the Punctum Ossificationis in the
Flat Bones of the Head of a Farrus 1. Anterior Tubercle.

The Radiating Lines from the Central 2. Articular Face for the Dentata.
Point are also shown. 3. Posterior Surface of Spinal Canal.
4.4. Intervertebral Notch.
5. Transverse Process.
6. Foramen for Vertebral Artery.

FIG. 19. 7. Superior Oblique Process.

8. Tubercle for the Transverse Ligament.
The General Characters of a Cervical
Vertebra. FIG. 21.

1 . Upper Face of the Body. The Dentata.

2. Spinal Canal. 1. The Body.
3. Half of an Intervertebral Foramen. 2. Processus Dentatus.
4. Bifid Spinous Process. 3. Facet for Articulating with the Atlas.
5. Bifid Transverse Process. 4. Foramen for the Vertebral Artery.

(5. Vertebral Foramen. 5. Spinous Process.

7. Superior Oblique Process. 6. Inferior Oblique Process.

8. Inferior Oblique Process. 7. Superior Oblique Process.

Page 24.
 FIG. 23.

FIG. 22.1

FIG. 24.

BONES OF THE SPINE.

FIG. 22. 4. Articulating Face for the Head of a Rib.
A Lateral View of the Cervical Verte- 5. Articulating Face for the Tubercle of a
brae.
Rib.
1. Atlas. 6. Superior Oblique Process.
2. Processus Dentatus of the second Vertebra. 7. Inferior Oblique Process.
3. Its Superior Oblique Process.
4. Its Spinous Process.
5. 6. Upper and Lower Oblique Processes, FIG. 24.
showing their inclination.
General Characters of a Dorsal Vertebra.
7. Last Cervical Vertebra.
1. The Body.
2. Portion of the Face for the Head of a Rib.
Superior Face of the Body.
FIG. 23.
Superior half of the Intervertebral Notch.
A Lateral View of the Twelve Dorsal Inferior half of the Intervertebral Notch.
Vertebra. Spinous Process.
1. First Dorsal Vertebra. Articular Face for the Tubercle of a Rib.
2. Twelfth Dorsal Vertebra. Two Superior Oblique Processes.
3. A Spinous Process. 9. Two Inferior Oblique Processes.
Page
 FIG. 25.

FIG. 26. FIG. 27.

BONES OF THE SPINE.

FIG. 25. ) 5. Spinous Process.
A Lateral View of the Five Lumbar Ver- |
6. Transverse Process.
tebra. |
7. Two Superior Oblique Processes.
1. First Lumbar. 8. Two Inferior Oblique Processes.

2. Superior Oblique Process.

3. Spinous Process. FIG. 27.
4. Inferior Oblique Process.
A Perpendicular View of a Lumbar Ver-
5. Last Lumbar Vertebra.
tebra.

1. Face for the Intervertebral Substance.

FIG. 2G.
2. Anterior Surface of the Body.
A Lateral View of a Lumbar Vertebra. 3. Spinous Process.
1. The Body. 4. Transverse Process.
2. Superior Articular Face of the Body. 5. Oblique Process.
'?. Superior half of the Intervertebral Notch. 0. A portion of the Bony Bridges.
4. Inferior half of the Intervertebral Notch. 7. The Spinal Foramen.
 FIG. 29.

BONES OF THE SPINE

FIG. 28. 4.4. Foramina for the Posterior Sacral

An Anterior View of the Sacrum. Nerves.

Last Lumbar Ver- 5. Remnant of an Oblique Process.

1. Articular Face for the
6. Roughness for the Sacro Sciatic Liga-
tebra.
ments.
2. Articular Face for the Coccyx.
7. Articular Face for the Fifth Lumbar
3. Promontory of the Sacrum.
Vertebra.
4. Line marking the former pieces of the
8. Superior Oblique Processes of the First
Sacrum.
Piece of the Sacrum.
5. The First Sacral Foramen. Bone of
9. Articular Face for the Second
6. The Fourth Sacral Foramen.
the Coccyx.
7. A portion of the Sacro Sciatic Notch.
10. Bifid Spinous Process of the Last Piece
8. Alee of the Sacrum.
of the Sacrum.
9. Oblique Processes for articulating with
11. The First Bone of the Coccyx.
the Last Lumbar Vertebra.

10. Line of Separation of the last pieces of

the Bone.
FIG. 30.

The Four Bones of the Coccyx.

FIG. 29.

Posterior View of the Sacrum. First Bone.

A
3. Processes to join the Sacrum.
1 . First Spinous Process.
5. The Notches to form the Foramen for
2. Fourth Spinous Process.
Fascia the Sixth Sacral Nerve.
3. Roughness for the Muscles and
The Last Bone of the Coccvx.
of the Back.
Page
 FIG. 31. FIG. 32.

OSSA INN OM1NATA.

FIG. 31. \
FIG. 32.

Outside op the Innominatum of the Right I

Inside of the Innominatum of the Right
Side. Side.
Surface for the Sacro Iliac Ligaments.
1.
1. Dorsum of the Ilium.
\ 2. Ischium.
2. Ischium. 3. Body of Pubis.
3. Pubis. 4. Anterior Superior Spinous Process.
4. Crest of the Ilium. 5. Anterior Inferior Spinous Process.

5. Surface for the Gluteus Medius. 6. Posterior Superior Spinous Process.

7. Posterior Inferior Spinous Process.
6. Surface for the Gluteus Minimus.
8. Greater Sacro-Sciatic Notch.
7. Surface for the Gluteus Maximus.
9. Plane of the Ilium.
8. Anterior Superior Spinous Process. 10. Venter of the Ilium
9. Anterior Inferior Spinous Process. 11. The portion of the Venter which is con-
10. Posterior Superior Spinous Process. tinuous with the Alae of the Sacrum.
12. Linea Ilio Pectinea.
11. Posterior Inferior Spinous Process.
13. Spine of Ischium.
12. Spine of the Ischium.
14. Tuber Ischii.
13. Greater Sacro-Sciatic Notch.
15. Line of attachment of the Greater Sa-
14. Lesser Sacro-Sciatic Notch. cro-Sciatic Ligament.
15. Tuber Ischii. 16. Point of attachment of the Erector Penis,
16. Ascending Ramus of the Ischium. or Clitoridis Muscle.
17. Symphysis Pubis.
17. Body of the Pubis.
18. Ilio Pectineal Protuberance or Boss.
18. Ramus of the Pubis.
19. Groove for the Obturator Vessels and
19. Acetabulum. Nerve.
20. Thyroid Foramen. 20. Foramen Thyroideum.
Page 28.
 FIG. 33.

FIG. 34.

THE PELVIS
FIG. 33. 3. 4. The Transverse Diameter, measuring
An Anterior View of the Male Pelvis, 5 inches.
showing the peculiar shape of the su-
PERIOR Strait; of the Foramen Ovale,
5. 5. ) The Two Oblique Diameters, measur-
and of the Arch of the Pubes — wherein 6. 6. ( ing 4| inches each.
it differs from that of the Female.

FIG. 34. The difference in the Shape of the Arch of

An Anterior View of the Female Pelvis,
the Pubes, in the Foramen Thyroideum
showing the Shape and Diameters of the
Superior Strait. and in the Superior and Inferior Straits,

1. 2. The Antero-Posterior Diameter, mea- are the principal objects of interest between

suring 4 inches. the Male and Female Pelves.

Page 29.
 FIG. 3."). FIG. 36

H\L

FIG. 33.

FIG. 37.

THE THORAX
FIG. 35. FIG. 37.

A Front View of the Thorax. General Characters of the other Ribs —

seen on their Upper and Under Sun face.
1. FirstBone of the Sternum. The Left Hand Figure is the Upper Face nf the Rib.
2. Second Bone of the Sternum.
3. Third Bone or Ensiform Cartilage. 1. Head of the Rib.
4. First Dorsal Vertebra. 2. ItsTubercle.
5. Last or Twelfth Dorsal Vertebra, 3. Anterior Extremity for the attachment of the
fi. First Rib. Costal Cartilage.
Head. 4. Groove for the Artery and Nerve.
7. Its
Neck. 5. Angle of the Rib.
8. Its
9. Its Tubercle. The Right Hand Figure is the Under Surface of
10. Seventh or Last True Rib. the Rib.
11. 11. Costal Cartilages. 1. The Head.
12. False or Floating Ribs. 2. Its Tubercle.
13. Groove for the Intercostal Artery. 3. Anterior Extremity.
4. Groove for Intercostal Artery and Nerve
FIG. 5. Angle of the Rib.
3G.

A View of the Upper Side op the First FIG. 38.

Rib of the Right Side, Half the Size of
A Front View of the Sternum.
Nature.
First Piece.
1. The Head. Second Piece.
2. The Tubercle. Ensiform Cartilage, or Third Piece.
3. Anterior Surface. Articular Face for the Clavicle.
4. Groove for the Subclavian Artery. Articular Face for the First Rib.
5. Groove for the Subclavian Vein. Articular Face for the Second Rib.
r>. Anterior Extremity for the Cartilage. H. 9. 10. Articular Faces for the Last Five True

7. Tubercle for the Scalenus Amicus Muscle. Ribs.

 FIG. 39. FIG. 40.

FIG. 41.

FIG. 42.

THE CRANIUM.
FIG. 39. 6. Notch for the Supra-Orbitar Nerve.
A Lateral View of the Head of a Peru- 7. Nasal Protuberance.
vian Indian, showing the flatness of the 8. Semicircular Ridge for the Temporal
Os Frontis and Occipitis, produced by Muscle.
pressure. 9. Nasal Spine.

FIG. 42.
FIG. 40.
A View of the Lower Part of the Os
A Front View of the Head of a Choctaw Frontis.
Indian, showing thesame produced in
;
1. Line of Junction of the two Halves of
accordance with the fashion of their
the Bone.
TRIBE.
2. Frontal Protuberances.
3. Supra-Orbitar Notch.

FIG. 41. 4. Nasal Spine and Space, filled by the Eth-

moid Bone.
A Front View of the External Surface of
5. Frontal Sinuses.
the Os Frontis.
6. Orbitar Plates.
1. Frontal Protuberance of the Right Side. 7. External Angular Process.
2. Superciliary Ridge. The depression for the Lachrymal Gland,
3. Supra-Orbital Ridge. isseen in the dark surface just within the
4. External Angular Process. line of reference.
5. Internal Angular Process. 8. Surface for the Temporal Muscle.
Page 31.
 FIG. 4:?. FIG. 41

FIG. 45.

THE CRANIUM.
FIG. 43. 3. The Anterior or Coronal Surface.
A View of the Internal Surface of the Os 4. The Posterior or Lambdoidal Surface.
5. The Ridge for the attachment of the Tem-
Frontis.
poral Fascia ; the Parietal Protuberance is at
1. Serrated Edge for Junction with the Parietal
the point of the Figure.
Bones, and Groove for the Superior Lon- 6. The Parietal Foramen.
gitudinal Sinus. The Anterior Inferior, or Elongated Angle.
7.
2. Ridge for the attachment of the Falx Major. 8. The Posterior Inferior, or Truncated Angle.
3. Foramen Ccecum.
4. Nasal Spine and Surface for the Ethmoid
Bone.
FIG. 45.
5. The Openings of the Frontal Sinuses.
6. The Orbitar Plates. The Internal Surface of the Left Pari-
7. The External Angular Process. etal Bone.
8. Serrated Surface for the Sphenoid Bone. 1. The Surface for the Bone of the opposite
9. The Line of Junction of the Parietal Bones. Side.
10. A Depression made by the Glands of Pac- 2. The Surface for the Temporal Bone.
chioni. 3. The Surface for the Frontal Bone.
11. The Surface for the Squamous portion of the 4. The Surface for the Occipital Bone.
Temporal Bone. 5. Part of the Groove for the Superior Longi-
tudinal Sinus.
FIG. 44.
H. The Internal Orifice of the Parietal Foramen.
The External Surface of the Left Pari- 7. Anterior Inferior Angle and Groove for the
etal Bone. Middle Artery of the Dura Mater.
1 The Superior or Sagittal Surface. 8. The Posterior Inferior Angle and Croove for

2. The Inferior or Squamous Surface, a portion of the Lateral Sinus.

i
 FIG. 46. FIG. 47.

FIG. 48. FIG. 49.

THE CRANIUM.
FIG. 46. . Jugular Fossa, for the trans- 11. Styloid Process.
mission of the Jugular Vein, 12. Vaginal Process.
The External Surface of and the Eighth Pair of Nerves. 13. Glenoid Foramen.
the Occipital Bone. . Internal Orifice of the Poste- 14. Part of the Groove for the
rior Condyloid Foramen. Eustachian Tube.
1. Superior Semicircular Ridge. . Surface for the Petrous portion
2. External Occipital Protuberance. of the Temporal Bone.
3. Portion for the attachment of 10. The Condyles. FIG. 49.
the Ligamentum Nuchae. The Surface for the Sphenoid
11.
4. Inferior Semicircular Ridge.
Bone; or, the Anterior Extrem-
The Internal Surface of the
j
5. Foramen Magnum. \ ity of the Basilar Process.
Left Temporal Bone.
6. Condyle of the Right Side. Exterior Edge of the Basilar
|
12. 1. Squamous Portion.
7. Point of the Posterior Condy- Gutter.
< 2. Mastoid Portion and Foramen.
loid Foramen.
I 13. Surface for the Mastoid portion 3. Petrous Portion.
8. Point of the Anterior Condy- of the Temporal Bone. 4. Groove for the Posterior Branch
loid Foramen.
14. Depression for the Cerebellum. of the Middle Artery of the Dura
9. External Part of the Jugular 15. Depression for the Posterior Mater.
Eminence. Lobes of the Cerebrum. The 5. Bevelled Edge of the Squamous
10. Part of the Jugular Foramen. marks made by its convolu- Portion.
11. Basilar Process. tions are also seen. 6. Zygomatic Process.
12. Points of attachment of the
7. Digastric Fossa.
Odontoid Ligaments.
8. Occipital Groove.
13. Surface for the Parietal Bones. FIG. 48.
9. Groove for the Lateral Sinus.
14. Surface for the Mastoid portion
of the Temporal Bone. The External Surface of 10. Position of the Superior Petrous

the Left Temporal Bone. Sinus.

11. Opening of the Carotid Canal.
1. The Squamous Portion. 12. Meatus Auditorius Internus.
FIG. 47. 2. The Mastoid Portion. 13. Supposed Aqueduct of the Ves-

The Internal Surface of 3. Extremity of the Petrous Por- tibule.

tion. 14. Styloid Process.
the Occipital Bone. 4. Zygomatic Portion. 15. Stylo-Mastoid Foramen.
1. Foramen Magnum. 5. Tubercle on which the Condyle 16. Carotid Foramen.
2. Ridgefor the Falx Minor, and of the Lower Jaw touches, 17. Spine separating the Eighth Pair
depression for a small Sinus. when the mouth is widely of Nerves from the Jugular Vein.
3. Internal Occipital Protuberance, opened. The dark depression immediate-
and the depression strongly 6. Posterior part of the Temporal ly in advance of the number, is
marked in this Bone for the Ridge. the Opening of the Aqueduct
Torcular Hierophyli. 7. The Glenoid Fissure. of the Cochlea.
4.4. Lateral Limbs of the Occipital 8. The Mastoid Foramen. 18. Points to the Vidian Foramen,
Cross, and depression for the 9. Meatus Auditorius Externus, on the Anterior Surface of the
Lateral Sinus. surrounded by the Auditory Petrous Portion.
5. Surface for the Parietal Bones. Process. 19. Origin of the Levator Palati and
(i. Jugular Eminence. 10. Fossa for the Digastric Muscle. Tensor Tympani Muscles.
Page 33.
 FIG. 50.

FIG. 51. FIG. 52.

THE CRANIUM.
FIG. 50. 11. Styloid Process. 8. Foramen Rotundum.
12. External Pterygoid Pro- 9. Depression for the Middle
The Internal or Cerebral cess. Lobes of the Cerebrum.
Surface op the Sphenoid 13. Internal Pterygoid Process 10. Surface for the Temporal
Bone. and Hook for the Circum- Muscle.
1.1. The Lesser Wings or Apo- flexus Palati Muscle. 11. Styloid Process.
physes of Ingrassias. 14. Pterygoid Foramen for the 12. External Pterygoid Process.
2.2. The Upper extremity of Pterygoid Nerve. 13. Internal Pterygoid Process.
the Greater Wings. 15. Articular Face for the Os 14. Pterygoid Foramen.
3. Ethmoidal Spine. Occipitis. 15. Articular Face for the Os
4. Optic Foramina. 1 6. Points to the Sella Turcica. Frontis.
5. Anterior Clinoid Processes. 16. Points to the Sella Turcica.
6. Posterior Clinoid Processes. FIG. 51.
7. Sphenoidal Fissure for the FIG. 52.
transmission of the 3d, 4th, The Anterior and Inferior
First Branch of the 5th and
Surface of the Sphenoid An Upper and Posterior
Bone. View of the Ethmoid Bone.
the 6th Pairs of Nerves.
8. Foramen Rotandum, trans- 1.1. Apophyses of Ingrassias. 1. Nasal Lamella.
mitting the Second Branch 2.2. The Great Wings. 2. Body or Cellular Portion.
of the 5th Pair. 3. Ethmoidal Spine. 3. Crista Galli.
9. Foramen Ovale, for the 4. Azygos Process. 4. Cribriform Plate.
Third Branch of the 5th 5. Sphenoidal Cells, after the 5. Superior Meatus.

Pair. removal of the Pyramids 6. Superior Turbinated Bone.

10. Foramen Spinale, for the of Wistar. 7. Middle Turbinated Bone.

Middle Artery of the Dura 6. Posterior Clinoid Pro- 8. Os Planum.
Mater ; its course is shown cesses. 9. Surface for the Olfactory
by the dark line. 7. Sphenoidal Fissure. Nerve.
Page 34.
 PIG. 53.

FIG. 54.
FIG.

BONES OF THE FACE.

FIG. 53. 19. Commencement of the FIG. 55.
Temporal Ridge. An Internal View op the
A Front View of the Skull,
20. Zygomatic Process. Superior Maxilla of the
SHOWING THE BONES COM-
21. Mastoid Process. Left Side.
POSING the Face.
1. Antrum Highmorianum.
Os Fronds. FIG. 54. 2. Ductus ad Nasum.
Nasal Tuberosity. 3. Articular Surface for the Os
An External View op the
Supra-Orbital Ridge. Frontis.
Superior Maxilla op
Optic Foramen. 4. Articular Surface for the Na-
the Left Side.
Sphenoidal Fissure. sal Bone.
Spheno-Maxillary Fissure. 1. Orbitar Process. 5. Surface for the Nasal Car-
Lachrymal Fossa, and com- 2. Infra-Orbitar Canal. tilage.

mencement of the Nasal 3. Space for the Os Unguis. 6. Anterior Point of the Floor

Duct. 4. Upper part of the Lachry- of the Nostril.

mal Canal. 7. Surface for the Bone of the
Opening of the Anterior
Nasal Process, and Sur- Right Side.
Nares, and the Vomer. 5.
8. Foramen Incisivum.
Infra-Orbital Foramen. face for Articulating with
9. Palate Plate.
Malar Bone. the Os Frontis.
Bone.
10. Surface for the Palate
Symphysis of the Lower 6. Surface for the Nasal Bone.
11. Anterior part of the Ridge for
Jaw. 7. Anterior portion of the
the Inferior Spongy Bone.
Anterior Mental Foramen. Floor of the Nostril. 12. Articular Surface for the
Ramus of the Lower Jaw- 8. Surface for Articulating Palate Bone behind.
bone. with its Fellow. 13. Surface for the Nasal Plate
Parietal Bone. 9. Alveolar Process. of the Palate Bone.
Coronal Suture. 10. Points to the Depression 14. Surface for the Orbitar Plate
justbelow the Infra-Orbi- of the Palate Bone.
Temporal Bone.
tarForamen. 15. Termination of the Nasal
Squamous Suture.
Surface for the Malar Bone. Duct.
Great Wing of the Sphenoid. 1 1

Tage 35.
 FTG. 56. FIG. 57.

FIG. 58. FIG. 59.

BONES OF THE FACE

Surface for the Nasal Process FIG. 59.
FIG. 56. 3.
of the Superior Maxillary Bone. An External View of the
A Posterior and Half Late- Points to the Groove on the In-
ral View of the Palate
4. Inferior Spongy Bone of
ner Side, for the Nasal Nerve.
Bone. the Os the Right Side.
5. Articular Face for
1. Palate Plate on its Nasal Sur- 1. Anterior Extremity for resting on
,

Frontis.
face.
for the Nutritious Ar- the Ridge of the Upper Maxilla.
2. Nasal Plate. 6. Foramen
2. Posterior, for resting on the
3. Pterygoid Process. tery.
4. Surface for Articulating with its Hand Figure. Ridge of the Palate Bone.
Left
Fellow. 3. Hooked portion, for resting on
1. Posterior Inferior Extremity.
5. HalfoftheCrescentic Edge and the Lower Margin of the An-
Surface for its Fellow.
Spine for the Azygos Uvula? 2.

3. Surface for the Superior Maxilla. trum Highmorianum.

Muscle.
Spongy Its Inferior Border.
6. Ridge for the Inferior 4. Groove for the Internal Nasal 4.

Bone. Nerve.
7. Spheno-Palatine Foramen. Os Frontis. FIG. 60.
5. Surface for the
8. Orbital Plate.
Lower portion of the Groove
9. Pterygoid Apophysis. 6. An anterior View of the
10. Depression for the External for the Nasal Nerve.
Pterygoid Process of the Sphe-
Malar Bone of the Right
noid Bone. Side.
11. Same for the Internal Pterygoid
FIG. 58.
1. Anterior Orbital Angle.
Process.
An Anterior View of the 2. Orbital Face.

FIG. 57. Os Unguis of the Left 3. Superior Angle for Articulating

Side. with the Os Frontis.
An Anterior and Posterior Its Anterior Inferior Angle. 4. External Angle for the Zygoma
View of the Nasal Bones.
1.
Orbitar Plate and Side for the of the Temporal Bone.
2.
Eight Hand Figure. 5. 6. Inferior Angle and Surface for
Os Planum.
1. Anterior Inferior Extremity. 3. Fossa for the Lachrymal Sac. the Superior Maxilla.
2. Articulating Surface for its Fel- 7. Nutritious Foramen.
4. Superior Extremity.
low.
Page 36.
 FTG. i»l.
FIG. 02.

FIG. 03.

THE FACE AND THE SUTURES.

FIG. 61. 12. Neck of the Condyloid Process.
13. Posterior Mental Foramen.
The Vomer.
14. Groove for the Inferior Maxillary Nerve.
I . 2. Posterior and Superior Surface hollowed
15. Molar Teeth.
to receive the Azygos Process of the
10. Bicuspate Teeth.
Sphenoid Bone.
17. 18. Middle and Lateral Incisors.
3. Anterior Surface for the Cartilaginous
Septum of the Nose.
FIG. 63.

FIG. 62. A View of the Outside of the Vault of the

Cranium, showing the Sutures.
The Inferior Maxillary Bone.
1. The Coronal Suture.
1. The Body. 2. The Sagittal Suture.
2. The Ramus. 3. The Lambdoidal Suture.
3. The Symphysis.
4. Alveolar Process.
FIG. 64.
5. Anterior Mental Foramen.
6. The Base. A Posterior and Inferior View of the Cra-
nium, showing the Posterior Sutures.
7. Groove for the Facial Artery.

8. The Angle. 1. The Palate Suture.

Extremity ofthe Ridge for the Mylo-Hyoid 2. Posterior end of the Sagittal.
9.

Muscle. 3. The Lambdoidal.

4. An Additamentum Suturae and Os Wor-
10. Coronoid Process.
Condyle. miana above the Temporal Bone.
II. |

Pago 37.
 FIG. 66.
FIG. 67.

THE SURFACE OF THE HEA D.

FIG. 65. 5 11. Middle Fossa for the Mid- 4. Crescentic Edge for the Azy-
A View of the Skull de- dle Lobes of the Cerebrum. gos Uvula Muscle.
prived of its Outer Table, 12. Petrous Portion of the Tem- 5. The Vomer, separating the
poral Bone.
so as to show the diploic Posterior Nares.
13. Sella Turcica.
Structure. The Arbores- 6. Internal Pterygoid Process
14. Basilar Gutter for the Me-
cent dark Lines indicate of the Sphenoid Bone.
dulla Oblongata.
the Channels for the 7. Pterygoid Fossa.
Veins of this Structure. 15. Foramen Rotundum.
8. External Pterygoid Process.
16. Foramen Ovale.
17. Foramen Spinale. 9. Temporal Fossa below the
FIG. 66.
Zygomatic Arch.
The Hiatus Fallopii is just
A View the Internal
of
below this number. 10. Basilar Process.
Surface of the Base of Foramen Magnum.
18. Posterior Fossa for the Cer- 11.
the Cranium, after the
ebellum. 12. Foramen Ovale.
Vault has been removed. Groove for the Lateral Sinus.
19. 13. Foramen Spinale.
1. Anterior Fossa for the An- 20. Ridge for the FalxCerebelli. 14. Glenoid Fossa.
terior Lobes of the Cerebrum. 21. Foramen Magnum. 15. Meatus Auditorius Externus.
2. Lesser Wing of the Sphe- 22. Meatus Auditoriuslnternus.
16. Foramen Lacerum Anterius.
noid Bone. 23. Posterior Foramen Lacerum
17. Carotid Foramen.
3. Crista Galli. for the Jugular Vein.
4. Foramen Ccecum. 18. Foramen Lacerum Posterius.
5. Cribriform Plate. 19. Styloid Process.
FIG. 67.
6. Processus divans. 20. Stylo Mastoid Foramen.
7. Foramen Opticum. An External View of the
21. Mastoid Process.
8. Anterior Clinoid Process. Base of the Cranium.
22. The Condyles of the Occi-
9. Groove for the Carotid Ar- 1. The Hard Palate.
pital Bone.
tery. 2. Foramen Incisivum.
Palate Plate of the Palate 23. Posterior Condyloid Fora-
10. Greater Wing of the Sphe- 3.

Bone. men.
noid Bone.
Page 38.
 FIG. 68.

FIG. 69.

FIG. 70.

THE HEAD.

FIG. 68. 4. Line of Separation of the Os Frontis.

5.5. Coronal Suture in the Infant.
A Lateral View of the Skull, showing
the Lines and Direction of the Facial
Angle. FIG. 70.

An Anterior View of the Os Hyoides.

FIG. 69. 1. The Anterior Convex Side of the Body.

A View of the Fcetal Head, showing the 2. The Cornu Majus of the Left Side.
Fontanels. 3. The Cornu Minus of the same Side.
1. Posterior Fontanel.
The Cornua were Ossified to the Body of
2. Line of Separation of the Parietal Bones.
the Bone, in this Specimen.
3. Anterior Fontanel.
Page 39.
 FIG. 71. FIG. 72.

FIG. 73.

THE SHOULlJi--.
FIG. 71. 3. Coracoid Process.
4. Origin of the Long Head of the Biceps Mus-
A Posterior View op the Scapula of the cle.
Left Side. 5. Glenoid Cavity.
1. Fossa Supra Spinata. 6. Origin of the Long Head of the Triceps
2. Fossa Infra Spinata. Muscle.
Superior Margin. 7. Anterior Costa.
3.
8. Surface for the Teres Major.
4. Coracoid Notch.
9. Surface for a slip of the Latissimus Dorsi.
5. Inferior Margin.
10. Depression for the Teres Minor Muscle.
6. Glenoid Cavity.
7. Inferior Angle.
8. The Neck and Point of Origin of the Long
Head of the Triceps Muscle. FIG. 73.
9. Posterior, or Vertebral Margin.
10. The Spine. An Anterior View of the Clavicle of the
11. Smooth Facet for the Trapezius Muscle. Right Side.
12. Acromion Process.
13. Nutritious Foramen. 1. Anterior Face of the Body of the Bone.
The
2. Origin of the Clavicular Portion of the Sterno-
14. Coracoid Process.
15. Part of the Origin of the Deltoid Muscle.
Cleido-Mastoid Muscle.
3. The Sternal extremity of the Bone.
4. The Acromial extremity of the Bone.
FIG. 72. 5. ArticularFace for the Acromion Process of the
The External or Axillary Margin of the Scapula.
6. Point of Attachment of the Conoid Liga-
Scapula of the Right Side.
ment.
1 Articular Face for the Clavicle. 7. Point of Attachment of the Rhomboid Liga-
2. Acromion Process. ment.
Page 40.
 FIG. 74.

FIG. 75. FIG. 76.

THE ARM AND FORE-ARM.

FIG. 74. 13. External Condyle. 9. The Styloid Process.
An Anterior View of the Hu-
14. Internal Condyle. 10. Groove, for the Extensor
15. 16. The Condyloid Ridges. Carpi Ulnaris Tendon.
merus of the Right Side.
17. Lesser Sigmoid Cavity.
1. The Shaft, or Diaphysis of
FIG. 76.
the Bone.
FIG. 75.
2. The Head. An Anterior View of the Ra-
3. Anatomical Neck.
An Anterior View of the dius of the Right Side.
4. Greater Tuberosity.
Ulna of the Left Side.
1. Cylindrical Head.
5. Lesser Tuberosity. 1. Olecranon Process. 2. Surface for the Lesser Sig-
6. The Bicipital Groove. 2. Greater Sigmoid Cavity. moid Cavity of the Ulna.
7. External Bicipital Ridge for 3. Coronoid Process. 3. The Neck of the Radius.
the insertion of the Pecto- 4. Lesser Sigmoid Cavity. 4. Its Tubercle, for the insertion
ralis Major. 5. External Surface; just above of the Biceps Muscle.
8. Internal Bicipital Ridge. the Number reposes the An- 5. Interosseous Ridge.
9. Point of insertion of the coneus Muscle. 6. Concavity for the Lower End
Deltoid Muscle. 6. Ridge for the Interosseous of the Ulna.
10. Nutritious Foramen. Ligament. 7. Carpal Surface.
11. Articular Face for the Head 7. The Small Head for the Ra- 8. Styloid Process.

of the Radius. dius. 9. Surface for the Pronator Quad-

12. Articular Face for the Ulna. 8. The Carpal Surface. ratus Muscle.
'
'Page 41.
 FIG. 78. FIG. 79.

7
'
&

BONES OF THE HAND.

FIG. 77. 6. Groove for the Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon.

The Two Rows of Bones of the Carpus. 7. The Trapezoides.

8. The Magnum.
The Upper or First, Row, viewed on its Inferior
9. The Unciforme.
Articulating Surface.
10.10. The Five Meta-Carpal Bones.
1. The Scaphoides.
11.11. First Row of Phalanges.
2. Its Articular Face.
12.12. Second Row of Phalanges.
3. The Lunare.
13.13. Third Row of Phalanges.
4. Its Articular Face.
14. First Phalanx of the Thumb.
5. The Cuneiforme.
15. Last Phalanx of the Thumb.
6. Its Articular Face.
7. The Pisiforme.

The Lower or Second Row, viewed on its Superior FIG. 79.

Articulating Surface. A Posterior View of the Articulations of

1. The Trapezium. the Bones of the Carpus in the Right
2. Its Tubercle. Hand.
3. Its Articular Face. The Ulna.
1.
4. The Articular Face of the Trapezoides. 2. The Radius.
5. The Superior Surface of the Trapezoides. 3. Inter-Articular Fibro-Cartilage.
6. The Magnum. 4. Metacarpal Bone of the Thumb.
7. Its Head, or Articulating Surface. 5. Metacarpal Bone of the First Finger.
8. The Unciforme. 6. Metacarpal Bone of the Second Finger.
9. Its Hook-like Process. 7. Metacarpal Bone of the Third Finger.
8. Metacarpal Bone of the Fourth Finger.
FIG. 78.
S. The Scaphoides.
An Anterior View of the Left Hand. L. The Lunare.
1. The Scaphoides. C. The Cuneiforme.
2. The Lunare. P. The Pisiforme.

3. The Cuneiforme. T. T. Trapezium and Trapezoides.

4. The Pisiforme. M. The Magnum.
5. The Trapezium. U. The Unciforme,
Page 42.
 FIG. 82.

BONES OF THE INFEKJOE, EXTREMITY.

FIG. 80. 7.7. The Linea Aspera.
8. Surface for the Gastrocnemius Muscle.
An Anterior View of the Femur op the
9. The External Condyle.
Right Side.
10. Depression for the Anterior Crucial Liga-
1. Depression for the Round Ligament. ment.
2. The Head. 11. Depression for the Posterior Crucial Liga-
3. The Neck. ment.
4. Trochanter Major. 12. Point of Origin of the Internal Lateral Liga-
5. Trochanter Minor. ment.
6. Surface for the Capsular Ligament.
7. Shaft of the Bone. FIG. 82.
8. The External Condyle. An Anterior View of the Tibia of the Right
9. The Internal Condyle. Side.
10. Surface for the Patella.
1. Spinous Process, and Pits for the Attach-

ment of the Crucial Ligaments.

FIG. 81. 2. Surface for the Condyles of the Femur.

3. Articular Face for the Head of the Fibula.
A Posterior View of the Femur of the 4. The Head.
Right Side. 5. The Tubercle.
1. Depression for the Round Ligament. 6.6. The Spine and Shaft of the Bone.
2. The Head. 7. Internal Malleolus.
3. Depression for some of the Rotatory Muscles. Process for the Internal Lateral Ligament
4. Trochanter Major. of the Ankle.
5. Trochanter Minor. 9. Tarsal Surface.
C. Roughness for the Gluteus Maximus Tendon. 10. Face for the Lower End of the Fibula.
43.
 FIG. 83.

FIG. 85.
FIG. 84.

FIG. 87.
FIG. 80.

BONES OF THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY.

FIG. 83.
FIG. 85.

A Posterior View op the Patella.

An Anterior View op the Fibula of the
1.2. Its Superior Extremity.
Right Side. 3. Its Inferior Extremity.
4. Elevation for fitting the Trochlea of the Femur.
1. Its Head.
5.6, Internal and External Sides.
2. Articular Face for the Tibia.

3. Point of Insertion of the External Lateral FIG. 86.

Ligament and Biceps Cruris Tendon. Lateral View op The Os Calcis op the
4. Shaft of the Bone. Left Side.
5.5. External Face, for the Peroneus Longus and Surface for the Tendo-Achillis.
Point, or Inferior Posterior Extremity.
Secundus Muscles.
The Lesser Apophysis.
6. Interosseous Ridge.
Articular Face for Part of the Astragalus.
7. Face for the Lower End of the Tibia.
The Anterior Extremity, or Greater Apophysis.

8. Malleolus Externus. Groove for the Flexor Longus Pollicis Pedis

9. Tarsal Surface. Tendon.

FIG. 87.
Lateral View of the Astragalus of the
FIG. 84.
Right Side.
An Anterior View op the Patella. The Semi-Cylindrical Face for Articulating

with the Tibia.

L J Surface for the Quadriceps Femoris Tendon. External Malleolus.
The Articular Face for the

of the Surface for the Os Calcis.

3. Lower Extremity and Point of Origin 3
4 Posterior Extremity.
Ligamentum Patellae. >

Page 44.
 FIG. 86. FIG. 89.

FIG. 90.

FIG. 92.
FIG. 91.

BONES OF THE FOOT

FIG. 88. 3. The Cuneiforme Medium. FIG. 92.

A Lateral View op the Na- 4. The Cuneiforme Internum. The Under or Sole, of
Side,
viculare. the Left Foot.
1. Surface for the Astragalus. 1. The Lesser Apophysis of the
2. Superior Face. FIG. 91. Os Calcis.
3. Surface for the Cuneiform 2. The Outer side of the Calcis.
Bones.
A View of the Upper Sur- 3. Groove for the Flexor Lon-
face of the Left Foot. gus Pollicis Pedis Tendon.
FIG. 89. 4. Anterior Face of the Astra-
1. The Astragalus on its Up-
galus.
A Half Lateral View of the per Face.
5. The Naviculare.
Cuboid Bone. 2. Its Anterior Face, Articu- Its Tuberosity on the Inner
6.
1. Its Superior, orDorsal Face. lating with the Naviculare. side.
2. Surface for Metatarsal Bones. 3. The Os Calcis. 7. Internal Cuneiform Bone.
3. Posterior Face for the Os Cal- 4. Naviculare, or Scaphoides. 8. Middle Cuneiform Bone.
cis.
5. The Internal Cuneiform. 9. External Cuneiform Bone.
4. InferiorFace and Groove for 10. The Cuboid Bone.
6. The Middle Cuneiform.
the Peroneus Longus Tendon. 11. Groove for the Peroneus Lon-
Surface for the Cuneiforme 7. The External Cuneiform.
5. gus Tendon.
Internum. 8. The Cuboid Bone. 12.12. The Metatarsal Bones.
9.9. Metatarsal Bones.
13.13. The First Phalanges of
FIG. 90. 10. First Phalanx of the Big the Toes.
An Anterior View of the Toe. 14.14. The Second Phalanges
Three Cuneiform Bones, 11. Second Phalanx of the Big of the Toes.
and also of the Cuboid of Toe. 15.15. The Third Phalanges of
the Right Side. 12.12. }The First, Second and the Toes.
13.13. C Third Phalanges of the 16. The Last Phalanx of the
1. The Cuboid.
J other Toes. Great Toe.
2. The Cuneiforme Externum. 14.14.
Page 45.
 FIG. 94.

FIG. 93.

FIG. 95.

'7

THE CARTILAGINOUS SYSTEM.

FIG. 93. FIG. 95.

The Nucleated Cells op Cartilage, from A Section op the Cartilage of the Ribs,
the Lamprey.
magnified 320 Diameters, and showing the
1. The Nucleus, with its Nucleolus.
2. Another, seen in Profile.
Cells, their Nuclei and Nucleoli. The
Transparent Spaces, result prom the re-

FIG. 94. moval op the Cells by the Knife, their

Articular Cartilage prom the Head op the Cavities remaining.

Humerus, magnified 320 Diameters, Ver-
tical Section.
FIG. 96.
1. Section close to the Surface.
2. The Surface of the Cartilage. A thin Section of the Thyroid Cartilage,

3. A Section far in the Interior. Magnified 320 Diameters.

Page
 FIG. 97.

FIG. 99.

THE FIBRO, OR LIG-AMENTO- CARTILAGINOUS SYSTEM,

FIG. 97. FIG. 98.

A Microscopical View of Fibro Cartilage. A Microscopical View of the White Fibrous

1. Two Cartilage Cells, lying amongst the Tissue, magnified 320 Diameters

White Fibrous Tissue, in an Intervertebral 1. 2. The Straight appearance of the Tissue

Disc. when stretched, as in Ligaments of the
2. Fibro Cartilage, as Laminae, free on both Sur- Funicular and Fasicular kinds.
faces, and as placed in the Cavity of Diarthro- 3.4.5. Show the various Wavy appearances which
dial Joints. They are the Menisci of Authors, the Tissue exhibits when not stretched.
and exist in the Temporo Maxillary, Sterno-
clavicular, and Tibio-Femoral Articulations.
FIG. 99.
3. Fibro Cartilage, as Triangular Edges to the
Glenoid and Cotyloid Cavities, in the Shoul- The Yellow Fibrous Tissue, showing the

der and Hip- Joints. Curly and Branched Disposition of its

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Exhibit various Forms of the flbrill-e, their definite outline and ab-
Cells in the Central Pulpy Substance of the RUPT Mode of Fracture, magnified 320
Intervertebral Matter. In several there is an Diameters.
appearance of Multiplication by Subdivision 1. The Structure undisturbed, and not moved
of the Nucleus, and some seem attached by a from its natural position, as seen in the rest of

Fibrous Tissue. the Specimen.

Page
 FIG. 100. FIG. 101.

FIG. 102.

ARTICULATION OF THE LOWER JAW.

FIG. 100. 3. The Internal Surface of the Capsular Liga-

The Articulation of the Lower Jaw on its ment.
External Surface. 4. The Internal Lateral Ligament.
1. Zygomatic Arch. 5. The Opening in it for the Mylo-Hyoid Nerve,
2. The Tubercle in Front of the Glenoid Cavity, a Branch of the Inferior Dental.
on which the Condyloid Process rests when 6. The Stylo-Maxillary Ligament.
the Mouth is widely opened.
3. The Ramus of the Lower Maxilla.

4. The Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone. FIG. 102.

5. The External Lateral Ligament. A View of the Articulation of the Lower
6. The Stylo-Maxillary Ligament.
Jaw, given by sawing through the Joint.

1. The Glenoid Fossa.

FIG. 101. 2. The Tubercle for the Condyle in its Forward
An Internal View of the Articulation of movements.
the Lower Jaw. 3. The Inter-Articular Cartilage.

1. A Section through a portion of the Temporal 4. The Superior Synovial Cavity.

and Sphenoid Bones. 5. The Inferior Synovial Cavity.

2. The Inside of the Ramus and part of the Body G. The Inter-Articular Cartilage removed from
of the Lower Jaw. the Joint and seen from below.
Page 46.
 FIG. 104.

FIG. 103. FIG. 105.

LIGAMENTS OF THE SPINE,

FIG. 103. 2.2. Surfaces of the Vertebrae from which the

An Anterior View of the Ligaments op the Bony Bridges have been removed.
Vertebrae and Ribs.
3. The Posterior Vertebral Ligament.
1. The Anterior Vertebral Ligament.
4. An Opening for one of the Vertebral
2. The Anterior Costo- Vertebral Ligament.
3. The Internal Transverse Ligament. Veins.
4. The Inter-Articular Ligament, connecting
the Head of the Rib to the Intervertebral
Substance.
FIG. 105.

An Internal View of the Bony Bridges of

the Vertebra, after their separation
FIG. 104.
from the Bodies of the Bones.
A Posterior View of the Spinal Canal,
1.1. One Pair of the Ligamenta Flava, or
half op which has been cut away in order
to show its Interior. Yellow Ligaments.

1.1. The Intervertebral Substance. 2. The Capsular Ligament of one side.

Pago
 FIG. 106. FIG. 107.

FIG. 108. FIG. 109.

tfjM&tfMf

LIGAMENTS OF THE SPINE.

FIG. 106. FIG. 108.

A Posterior View op the Thoracic portion A Posterior View op the Articulation op

OP THE VERTEBRiE. the Occiput, Atlas and Dentata.
1. 1. The Ligaments of the Spinous Processes. 1. The Atlas.
2.2.2. The Yellow Ligaments. 2. The Dentata. ,

3. The Anterior, or Internal Costo-Transverse 3. The Posterior Occipito Atloidien Ligament.

Ligament. 4. The Capsular Ligament of the Oblique Pro-
4. The Posterior, or External Costo-Trans- cesses of the Atlas and the Condyles of the

verse Ligament. Occipital Bone.

5. The Ligament between the First and Second
Vertebrae.
FIG. 107. 6. The Lateral Fasciculi of the same.
An Anterior View op the Ligaments con- 7. The First of the Yellow Ligaments.
necting the Atlas and Dentata with 8. The Capsular Ligament between the Oblique
the Os Occipitis. The Basilar Process Processes of the Second and Third Vertebrae.

op the Occipital Bone and the Petrous

portion op the Temporal being divided FIG. 109.
by the Saw. The Upper Part of the Spinal Canal opened
1. The Anterior Occipito Atloidien Ligament. from Behind, to show the Ligaments on
2. The Membrana Annuli Anterioris of Caldani. its Front.

3. The commencement of the Anterior Verte- 1. The Basilar Portion of the Sphenoid Bone.
bral Ligament. 2. Section of the Occiput.
4.5. The Capsular Ligament of the Oblique Pro- 3. The Front Half of the Atlas.
cesses of the Atlas and Dentata. 4. The Front Half of the Dentata.
6. The Joint between the First and Second Cor- 5. The beginning of the Posterior Vertebral Liga-
vical Vertebrae, after the removal of the Cap- ment.
sular Ligament. 6. 7. The Capsular Ligaments of the Occipito
7. The Outer Fibres of the Membrana Annuli Atloidien, and the First and Second Vertebral

Anterioris. Articulations, at their Oblique Processes.

Fage 50.
 FIG. 111.

FIG. 110.

FIG. 112.

LIGAMENTS OF THE SPINE AND PELVIS.

FIG. 110. 7. That portion of the same which is known as
Gimbernat's Ligament.
A Posterior View of the Ligaments connect- 8. The Capsular Ligament of the Hip-Joint.
ing the Atlas and the Dentata with the 9. The Accessory Ligament of the Hip-Joint.
Occipital Bone.
1. The Upper Part of the Posterior Vertebral FIG. 112.
Ligament. A Posterior View of the Ligaments of the
2. The Transverse Ligament. Pelvis.
3.4. The Upper and Lower Appendices of the
j
1. Base of the Sacrum.
Transverse Ligament.
2. The Coccyx.
5. One of the Moderator Ligaments.
3.3. The Crista Ilii.
G.7. Capsular Ligaments belonging to the Oblique 4.4. The Tuber Ischii.
Processes of the First and Second Vertebra. <

5.5. The Greater Sciatic Notch.

6. The Lesser Sciatic Notch.
FIG. 111. 7. The Femur.
8. The Posterior portion of the Sacro-Iliac Li-
An Anterior View of the Ligaments of the
gament.
Pelvis. 9. The Sacro-Spinous Ligament.
1. The Lower Part of the Anterior Vertebral Li- 10. The Posterior Sacro-Coccygeal Ligament in

gament. <
its whole length.
2. The Sacro-Vertebral Ligament. 11. The Obturator Ligament.
3. The Ilio Lumbar Ligament. 12. The Obturator Foramen.
4. The Anterior portion of the Sacro-Iliac Liga 13.13. The Origin of the Greater Sciatic Ligament.

ment. 14. Its Insertion.

5. The Obturator Ligament. 15. The Origin of the Lesser Sciatic Ligament.

6. Poupart's Ligament. 1(5. Its Insertion.

Page 51.
 FIG. 114. FIG. 113.

FIG. 115. FIG. 110.

ARTICULATIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES.

FIG. 113. FIG. 115.
The Ligaments of the Sterno-Clavicular An External View of the Elbow-Joint.
and costo-sternal articulation. 1. The Humerus.
1. The Capsular Ligament, of the Sterno-Clavi- 2. The Ulna.
cular Articulation. 3. The Radius.
2. The Inter-Clavicular Ligament. 4. The External Lateral Ligament.
3. The Costo-Clavicular, or Rhomboid Ligament. 5. The Coronary Ligament.
4. The Inter-Articular Cartilage. 6. The Insertion of the Coronary Ligament at
5. The Anterior Costo-Sternal Ligaments of the the Posterior Part of the Lesser Sigmoid Ca-
First and Second Ribs. vity of the Ulna.
7. 8. The Portions of the Capsular Ligaments
FIG. 114. known as the Accessory Ligaments.
9. The Interosseous Ligament of the Fore- Arm.
The Ligaments of the Acromio-Clavicular
and scapulo-humeral articulations.
FIG. 116.
1. The Superior Acromio-Clavicular Ligament.
2. The Coraco-Clavicular Ligament. An Internal View of the Elbow-Joint.
3. The Coraco-Acromial Ligament. 1. The Capsular Ligament.
4. The Coracoid Ligament. 2. The Internal Lateral Ligament.
5. The Capsular Ligament of the Shoulder-Joint. 3. The Coronary Ligament.
6. The Ligamentum Adscititium, or Coraco-Hu- 4. The Ligamentum Teres.
meral Ligament. 5. The Interosseous Ligament
7. The Tendon of the Long Head of the Biceps 6. The Internal Condyle, which conceals the
Muscle, issuing from the Capsular Ligament, j
Capsular Ligament behind.
Page 52.
 FIG. 117,

FIG. 118.

ARTICULATIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES.

FIG. 117. 16.16. The same of the Fore-Finger. The Cap-
An Anterior View of the Ligaments of the sular Ligaments have been removed in the
Wrist, on the Left Side. other Fingers.

1 The Lower Part of the Interosseous Ligament.

2. The Radio- Ulnar Ligament. FIG. 118.

3. The portion of the Capsular Ligament known A Diagram showing the Arrangement of
as the Anterior Ligament. the Five Synovial Membranes of the
4. The External Lateral Ligament. Wrist Joint.
5. The Internal Lateral Ligament. 1. The Sacciform Membrane.
6. The Capsular Ligament of the Carpal Bones. 2. The Joint between the First Row of Carpal
7. The Pisiform Bone. Bones and those of the Fore-Arm.
8. The Ligaments connecting the Second Row 3.3. The Synovial Membrane between the Two
of the Carpus with the Meta-Carpus. Rows of Bones.
9. The Capsular Ligament of the Carpo-Meta- 4. The Joint between the Pisiform and Cunei-
carpal Joint of the Thumb. form Bones.
10. The Capsular Ligament of the Meta-Carpo 5. The Synovial Membrane at the Meta-Carpal
Phalangial Joint of the Thumb. Joint of the Thumb.
11. The External Lateral Ligament of the same 6. The Radius.
Joint. 7. The Ulna.
12. The Capsular Ligament of the Meta-Carpo 8. The Inter- Articular Cartilage, or Triangular
Phalangial Articulation of the Index Finger. Ligament.
13.13. Lateral Ligaments of similar Articulations. 9. The Meta-Carpal Bone of the Thumb.
14. The Inferior Palmar Ligaments. 10.10. Those of the Fingers. The Capital Let-
15. The Phalangial Joint of the Thumb, with its
j
ters indicate the Separate Bones of the Car-
Capsular and Lateral Ligaments. i —
pus, thus, S. Scaphoides L. Lunare,&c.,&c.
53.
 FIG. 119.

FIG. 120. FIG. 121.

ARTICULATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES.

FIG. 119. 4.4. The Synovial Membrane, after the removal
A Lateral View of the Ligaments op the of the Involucrum.

Hip-Joint and Pelvis. 5. The Internal Lateral Ligament.

G. The Externa] Ligament.
1. The Posterior Sacro-Iliac Ligament of the
7. The Anterior Ligament of the Superior Pe-
Pelvis.
roneo-Tibial Articulation.
2. The Greater Sacro-Sciatic Ligament.
3. The Lesser Sacro-Sciatic Ligament.
4. The Greater Sacro-Sciatic Notch.
5. The Lesser Sacro-Sciatic Notch. FIG. 121.

6. The Cotyloid Ligament around the Acetabulum. A Posterior View of the Knee-Joint op the
7. The Ligamentum Teres. Right Side.
8. The Line of Attachment of the Capsular Liga-
1. The Ligament of Winslow.
ment of the Hip-Joint, posteriorly. The Li-
2. The Tendon of the Semi-Membranosus Muscle.
gament has been removed, in order to show
3. Its Insertion, showing the Expansion of its
the Joint.
Fibres.
9. The Obturator Ligament.
4. The portion which passes beneath the Internal
Lateral Ligament.

FIG. 120. 5. The Internal Lateral Ligament.

6. The External Lateral Ligament.
An Anterior View of the Knee-Joint of the :

7. A Fasciculus of the same, sometimes called

Right Side. the Short External Lateral Ligament.

1 The Tendon of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle. 8. The Tendon of the Popliteus Muscle cut short.
2. The Patella. 9. The Posterior Superior Peroneo-Tibial Liga-
3. The Ligament of the Patella. ment.
Pace
 FIG. 122. FIG. 123.

FIG. 124. FIG 125.

ARTICULATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES.

FIG. 122. 9. One of the Ligamenta Alaria, the other being
The Right Knee-Joint removed with the opposite Section.
laid open.
10. The Ligamentum Mucosum.
1. The Lower End of the Femur covered by its 11. The Anterior Crucial Ligament.
Articular Cartilage. 12. The Posterior Ligament.
2. The Anterior Crucial Ligament.
3. The Posterior Crucial Ligament.
4. The Transverse Fasciculus adhering to the FIG. 124.
Semilunar Cartilages.
5. The Point of Attachment of the Ligamentum An Internal View of the Ankle-Joint of
Mucosum, the rest of it has been removed. the Right Side.
6. The Internal Semilunar Cartilage.
1. Internal Malleolus.
7. The External Semilunar Cartilage.
2.2. Part of the Astragalus, the rest being con-
8. A part of the Ligamentum Patella turned
cealed by Ligaments.
downwards.
9. Its Bursa laid open.
3. Os Calcis.
4. Scaphoides.
10. The Superior Peroneo-Tibial Articulation.
5. Internal Cuneiform Bone.
11. The Interosseous Ligament.
6. Internal Lateral, or Deltoid Ligament.
7. The Synovial Capsule, covered by a few
FIG. 123. Fibres of a Capsular Ligament.

A Longitudinal Section of the Knee-Joint

8. Tendo Achillis. A
small Bursa is seen be-
tween this Tendon and the Tuberosity of the
of the Left Side. Os Calcis.
1. The Cellular Structure of the Lower End of
the Femur. FIG. 125.
2. The Tendon of the Quadriceps Femoris.
3. The Patella. An External View of the Right Ankle-Joint.
4. Its Ligament. 1. The Tibia.
5. The Cellular Structure of the Tibia. 2. The External Malleolus of the Fibula.
(j. The Bursa Mucosa between the Ligament of 3.3. The Astragalus.
the Patella and the Head of the Tibia. 4. The Os Calcis.
7. A
mass of Fat projecting into the Joint below 5. The Cuboides.
the Patella. 6. 7. 8. The Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Fas-
8. The Synovial Membrane ; the Stars show its ciculi of the External Lateral Ligament.
Reflections in the Joint. 9. The Imperfect Capsular Ligament.
Page 55.
 FIG. 126.

FIG. 128.

3 H- II

ARTICULATIONS OF THE LOV/EE EXTREMITIES.

FIG. 126. 12. The Transverse Ligament.
A Posterior View or the Ankle-Joint op the 13. Lateral Ligaments of the Last Joints of the Toes.
Left Side.
1. The Interosseous Ligament of the Bones of the Leg.
The Posterior Inferior Ligament connecting the
FIG. 128.
2.
Tibia and Fibula. Vertical Section of the Ankle-Joint and
3. TheTransverse, or Long Fibres of the same Liga- Foot of the Right Side.
ment. The Tibia.
4. The Internal Lateral Ligament. The Astragalus.
5. The Posterior Fasciculus of the External Lateral Os Calcis.
Ligament. The Scaphoides.
6. The Middle Fasciculus of the same. The Cuneiforme Internum.
7. The Synovial Capsule. The Metatarsal Bone of the Great Toe.
8. The Os Calcis. The First Phalanx of the Great Toe.
The Second Phalanx of the Great Toe.
FIG. 127. The Articular Cavity between the Tibia and As-
A View op the Ligaments of the Sole of tragalus, with its Articular Adipose Matter.

the Foot. The Synovial Capsule between the Astragalus and

Calcis.
1. The Under Surface of the Os Calcis.
2. The Astragalus.
The Calcaneo- Astragalien Interosseous Ligament.
3. The Scaphoides.
The Synovial Capsule between the Astragalus
and Scaphoides.
4.5. The two Planes of Fibres of the Calcaneocu-
The Calcaneo-Scaphoid Ligament.
boid Ligament.
6. The Calcaneo-Scaphoid Ligament. The Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligament.
7. The Plantar Ligaments. The Synovial Capsule between the Scaphoides

8.8. The Peroneus Longus Tendon. and Cuneiforme Internum.

9.9. The Tarso-Metatarsal Plantar Ligaments. The Synovial Capsule between the Cuneiforme-
10. The Capsular Ligament of the First Joint of the Internum and the First Metatarsal Bone.
Big Toe. The Metatarso-Phalangial Articulation of the
11. The Lateral Ligaments of the First Joints of thej Great Toe, with the Sesamoid Bones below.
Toes. The Phalangeal Articulation of the Great Toe.

END OF PART Fi ]
 PART SECOND.

DERMOID and MUSCULAR

SYSTEM:
NINETY-ONE FIGURES.
 FIG. 129.

THE MUSCLES.
FIG. 129. 7. Orbicularis Oris. 16. Supinator Radii Lon- 25. Section of the Sperma-
8. Depressor Labii Infe- gus. tic Cord.
Anterior View of the riors. 17. Pronator Radii Teres. 26. Psoas Magnus.
Muscles of the 9. Platysma Myodes. 18. Extensor Carpi Radi- 27. Adductor Longus.
10. Deltoid. alis Longior. 28. Sartorius.
Body. 11. Pectoralis Major. 19. Extensor Ossis Meta- 29. Rectus Femoris.
1. Frontal Bellies of the Oc- 12. Axillary portion of the carpi Pollicis. 30. Vastus Externus.
cipito Frontalis. Latissimus Dorsi. 20. Annular Ligament. 31. Vastus Internus.
2. OrbicularisPalpebrarum. 13. Serratus Major Ami- 21. Palmar Fascia. 32. Tendon Patellae.
3. Levator Labii Superioris cus. 22. Obliquus Externus 33. Gastrocnemius.
Alaeque Nasi. 14. Biceps Flexor Cubiti. Abdominis. 34. Tibialis Amicus.
4. Zygomaticus Minor. 15. Anterior portion of the 23. Linea Alba. 35. Tibia.
5. Zvgomaticus Major. Triceps Extensor Cu- 24. Tensor Vagina; Femo- 36. Tendons of the Exten-
6. Masseter. biti. ris. sor Communis.

Page 59.
 FIG. 130

THE MUSCLES.
FIG. 130. 7. Trapezius. 16. Pronator Radii Teres. , 23 Extensor Communis.
8. Deltoid. 17. Extensor Communis 24, Latissimus Dorsi.
Posterior View ofthe 9. Infra-Spinatus. Digitorum. < 25. Its Tendinous Origin.
Muscles of the Body. 10. Triceps Extensor. 18. Extensor Ossis Meta- \ 26, Posterior part of the
1. Temporalis. 11. Teres Minor. carpi Pollicis. Obliquus Externus.
2. Occipital portion of the 12. Teres Major. 19. Extensor Communis |
27 Gluteus Medius.
Occipito Frontalis. 13. Tendinous portion of Digitorum Tendons. j
28, Gluteus Magnus.

3. Complexus. the Triceps. 20. Olecranon and Inser- 29, Biceps Flexor Cruris.

4. Splenitis. 14. Anterior Edge of the tion of the Triceps. j 30 Semi-Tendinosus.

5. Masseter. Triceps. 21. Extensor Carpi Ulna- 31,
j
|
Gastrocnemius.
6. Sterno-Cleido Mastoi- 15. Supinator Radii Lon- ris. j
32,

deus. gus. 22. Auricularis. j 33, Tendo Achillis.

Page 60.
 FIG. 13:3.

FIG. 132. FIG. 134.

THE CELLULAR AND ADIPOSE TISSUES.

FIG. 131. FIG. 133.

A View of a Portion of Areolar or Cellu- The Blood-vessels of Fat, magnified 100

Diameters.
lar Tissue, Inflated and Dried, showing
1. Minute flattened Fat Lobules, in which the
the general character of its larger Vessels only are represented.
2. Plan of the arrangement of the Capillaries of the
Meshes ; magnified twenty Diameters.
exterior of the Vesicles,more highly magnified.
3. The Terminal Artery.
4. The Primitive Vein.
5. The Fat Vesicles of one border of the Lobule
FIG. 132.
separately represented.

Fat Vesicles from the Omentum, magnified

FIG. 134.
ABOUT 300 diameters, and assuming the
Fat Vesicles from an emaciated Subject.
Polyphedral form, from pressure against 1.1. The Cell Membrane.
2.2.2. The solid portion collected as a star-like
one another. The Capillary vessels are
mass, with the Elaine in connexion with
not represented. it, but not filling the Cell.
61.
 FIG. 133. FIG. 137.

e£^KT^^?^v2

FIG. 186. FIG. 138.

THE INTEGUMENTS OF THE BODY.

FIG. 135. FIG. 137.

The External Surface of the Epidermis, as >

The Epidermis, Rete Mucosum and Cutis
seen upon the front extremity of the Vera on the Sole of the Foot.
The Epidermis and Rele Mucosum have heen detached and drawn
Fore-Finger, and upon the Ulnar side of \
back, so as to show the Sudoriferous Canals passing Irom the
Cutis Vera into the Rete Mucosum and Epidermis,
THE BACK OF THE Arm, SLIGHTLY MAGNIFIED. ]
I
1. TheInternal Surface of the Epidermis with its
Lines and Transverse Furrows.
1.1. The circular Wrinkles on the front of the Fore- s
2. The Rete Mucosum in connexion with the Inter-
Finger. nal Face of the Epidermis.
2.2. The curvature of the Wrinkles and Lines on the 3. The External Surface of the Cutis Vera separated
from the Rete Mucosum and Epidermis.
outer surface of the circular ones.
4.4. Sudoriferous or Spiral Canals, so stretched by the
3. The Transverse Wrinkles. withdrawal of the Epidermis that they appear
4.4. Wrinkles made by the Sudoriferous Canals. like very thin and straight Filaments.

5.5. The oblique Wrinkles on the Ulnar side of the >

Back of the Arm. FIG. 138.

G.G. The peculiar Diamond-shaped Wrinkles on the
•Back of the Hand, with a few of the Hairs found
j
The Epidermis and Rete Mucosum of the
at their angles. Heel separated from each other and seen
on their Internal Surfaces, magnified six
times.
FIG. 136. 1.1. The Internal Face of the Epidermis.
2.2. The Rete Mucosum.
The Cellular Tissue on the Internal Sur- 3.3. On the sides of these Figures are the elevated
Lines as adapted to the Furrows of the Derm.
face of the Skin, with its Adipose Layer 4.4. The deep-seated Furrows corresponding to those
on the External Face of the Epidermis.
and the Fascia Superficialis. From the 5.5. The smaller Eminences which sink into the Fur-
Integuments of the Arm. rows between the different series of Papillce seen ;

in the Furrows.
1.1. The large and smaller Cells of the Skin deprived 6.6. The Cells of the Rete Mucosum in which the
Papillae of the Derm rest.
of the Fat which filled them.
These Cells are of the same order as the Cells of the
2. The Sub-Cutaneous Adipose Matter. Papilla? of the Derm, seen in Fig. 139, to which
:: The Fascia Superficialis. they correspond.
02.
 FIG. 130. FIG. 140.

FIG. 141. FIG. 142.

THE INTEGUMENTS OF THE BODY.

FIG. 139. FIG. 141.

The External Surface of the Epidermis The Internal Reticulated and Cellular
and Cutis Vera, on the Sole of the Foot, Face of the Cutis Vera, magnified con-
magnified six times. siderably.
(1.) Represents a portion of the Cutis Vera with 1. The greater and smaller Bands of Fibres.
the Epidermis. 2. The junction and intercrossing of these Fibres.
1. The Wrinkles, or Furrows. 3. The greater and smaller Cells from which the Cel-
2. The prominent Lines. lular Substance which fills them has been removed.
3. The Funnel-shaped Orifices of the Sudoriferous
Canals or the Pores of the Skin.
(2.) Represents a portion of the Cutis Vera de- FIG. 142.
prived of the Epidermis and Rete Mucosum. A Perpendicular Section of the Integuments
4.4. The deep Furrows which correspond to the ele- of the Sole of the Foot, as seen under
vated Lines on the Internal Surface of the Epider- the Microscope.
mis as seen in Fig. 138, at 3.
1.1. The Salient Lines of the External Surface of the
5.5. The smaller Furrows between the Papillae, in
Skin cut perpendicularly.
which the small Prominences of the Rete Muco-
sum are inserted.
2.2. The Furrows or Wrinkles of the same.
6.6. Orifices of the Sudoriferous Canals of the Cutis
3. The Epidermis or Cuticle, as formed by its Su-
perimposed Layers.
Vera seen between the Papilla? and corresponding
4.4. The Rete Mucosum.
to the Funnel-shaped Orifices of the surface of
5.5. The Cutis Vera, with its Cellular Fibres pressed
the Skin.
into Fasciculi and each directed towards the Pa-
7.7. Ranges of the Papillae which are inserted into the
pilla;.
Rete Mucosum.
6.6. The Papillae, each of which answers to the Pro

FIG. 140. minences on the External Surface of the Skin.

7. The small Furrows between the Papillae.
The Loops of Vessels in the Cutaneous Pa-
8. The deeper Furrows which are between each
pilla of the Hand. The Arterial Injec- couple of the Papillae.
tion HAS SUCCEEDED ADMIRABLY, AND THE 9. Cells filled with Fat, and seen between the Bands
whole is represented as seen under the j
of Fibres.
Microscope. 10. The Adipose Layer with numerous Fat Vesicles.

1.1. The Salient Lines of the Cutis Vera formed by 11. Cellular Fibres of the Adipose Tissue, continuous
the Papilla (2.2.) with the Sub-Cutaneous Cellular Tissue, and
j

3. The Furrows. 1
with that of the Cutis Vera.
! a ;6 G3.
 FIG. 143.

FIG. 145

safi^.^s^V'-K Mit^iv

THE SEBACEOUS AND PERSPIRATORY ORGANS OF THE SKIN.

FIG. 143. FIG. 144.

A HIGHLY MAGNIFIED DRAWING OF THE CUTA- A magnified View of the Sudoriferous Or-
gans of the Skin on the Sole of the Foot.
NEOUS Glands of the External Meatus
This Figure from 1 to 11, inclusive, is the same as in
Auditorius. Figure 142.
(Fig. 1.) A Section of the Skin magnified three 12. The Sudoriferous Follicles.
13. The Spiral or Sudoriferous Canals.
Diameters. 14. The Infudibular-shaped Pores or Orifices of these
1.1. The deep-seated Glands which secrete the Ceru- Canals.
men or Ear- Wax.
2.2. The Hairs on the Surface. FIG. 145.

3.3. The superficial Sebaceous Glands. The Perspiratory Organs —

Granular Seba-
ceous Glands and Follicles of Hairs in thk
(Fig. 2.) A Hair perforating the Epidermis, Skin of the Axilla slightly magnified.
;

highly magnified. 1. Epidermis.

1.1. Sebaceous Glands. 2. Cutis Vera.
3. Adipose Tissue.
2.2. Their Excretory Ducts.
4.4. Two Perspiratory Follicles.
3. The Epidermis. 5.5. Their Spiral Canals.
4. The Base of the Hair. 6.6. Follicles of Hairs.
5.5. Its Double Follicle. 7.7. Sebaceous Glands, two of which almost always
belong to each Follicle.
(Fig. 3.) A view of the Cerumen Gland as formed '.

8.8. The Acini of these Glands.

by the Contorted Tubes. 9.9. Their Excretory Ducts, continuous with the
Cavity of the Follicle of the Hair.
1.1. The Tubes. I
10.10. The Orifices of the Follicles of the Hairs.
2. The Excretory Duct. 11.11. Their Roots.
3. The Vessels supplying it. 1 12.12. The Hairs as seen under the Microscope.
Page 64.
 FIG. 147. FIG. 148.

FIG. 146.

FIG. 150.
FIG. 149.

PERSPIRATORY GLANDS AND HAIRS OF THE SKIN.

FIG. 146. FIG. 148. 6. Its excavated Base, in which
A Sudoriferous Gland from A magnified View of a small the Pulp, 7, is inserted.
the Palm of the Hand; Hair from the Face of a 8. A small Artery.
magnified 40 dlameters. —
Man removed with its i). Its distribution to the Pulp.
1.1. The twisted Tubes compos- Follicle and seen under 10. The Membrane of the Fol-
ing the Gland. licle of the Hair.
the Microscope.
2.2. The Excretory Ducts formed 11. Its Base placed in the Pulp
1.1. Its Follicle.
by the union of these Tubes. of the Hair.
2. Root of the Hair.
3. The Spiral Canal formed by 12. The Cuticle or Epidermis of
3. Its Trunk.
the Excretory Ducts perfo- the Follicle, which joins
rating the Epidermis. 4. Its Extremity.
with the Bulb of the Hair.
4. Its Opening on the surface. 5. Its Cortical or External

The Fat Vesicles in which Substance.

5.5. FIG. 150.
the Gland imbedded. 6. Its Internal or Medullary
is
Substance.
a small portion of the fol-
licle of a Hair of the
FIG. 147.
Beard, with the Arteries
A Hair from an Adult as FIG. 149.
—
supplying it very highly
SEEN UNDER THE MICROSCOPE.
The Root of one of the Hairs magnified.
1.1. The Follicle of the Hair.
of the Beard with its Pulp 1. Its Follicle.
2. Its Orifice.
and Follicle, considera- 2. Its Pulp.
3. The Base of the Follicle.
bly magnified. 3. The Trunk of the Hair
4. Pulp of the Hair.
5. Its Root.
1. A small portion of its Trunk. without the Follicle.
6. The Bulb in which the Pulp 2. The Cortical Substance. 4.4. Two Arteries going to the

is inserted. 3. The Medullary. Base of the Follicle.

7. Trunk of the Hair. 4. The Root of the Hair. 5.5. Their Distribution.
8. The portion which projects 5. The Bifid portion of the Root G.6. The Reticulated Tissue of
beyond the Skin. called the Bulb. the Follicle.
Page 65.
 FIG. 151.

FIG. 15*.

FIG. 155.

THE HAIRS AND NAILS.

FIG. 151. \ 2. Its Body. FIG. 154.
3. Its Summit.
A Segment of the Skin op £
A Longitudinal Section of
4.4. The Epidermis covering the theNailoftheRing Finger.
the Beard enclosing three I

sides of the Nail.

Hairs, as seen under the 1. The Third Phalanx.
5. The Crescent or Lunula of the The Adipose Tissue.
compound Microscope, with 2.
Nail. 3. The Skin.
the Arteries injected. 4. The Root of the Nail and Fold
1.1. The Hairs without the Skin. of the Skin in which the Root
2.2. The same in their Follicles. FIG. 153. is inserted.
5. The Cutis Vera covered by the
3.3. The Follicles. ( The same Nail seen on its Nail.
4.4. The Follicles in the Pulp. 6. The Epidermis.
Internal Surface, with
5.5. Two Arteries in the Internal
|
7. Root of the Nail.
Surface of the Skin. the Epidermis. 8. Its Body.
6.6. Branches which are distributed 9. Its Summit or free End.
1. The Root.
around the Hairs in the Skin.
2. The Body.
7.7. Branches to the Pulp.
The Sides of
FIG. 155.
3.3. the Nail.
The Arterial Net-work around The same Figure very highly
each Follicle. 4.4. A portion of the Epidermis
magnified.
near the Nail.
5. The Crescent.
The References from 1 to 9 inclu-

FIG. 152. sive as in Fig. 154.

The
The Thumb-Nail detached
from the Thumb and seen
on its External Surface,
with the Epidermis of which
it is a continuation.
1. Root of the Nail deprived of
the Epidermis.
Face of the Nail has
Internal 10. The thin Laminae of the Epi-
been freed from the Rete Muco- dermis placed between the Nail
and the origin of its Matrix.
sum. The prominent Lines and They are detached from the
Furrows corresponding to the Epidermis by nature and then
Lines and Wrinkles of the Cutis add to the proper thickness of
Vera, and covered by the Nail,
the Nail itself.
11.11.11.11. The Laminos of the
are seen arranged in parallel Nail arranged in superimposed
Lines. Layers.
Page 66.
 FIG. 156.

m nit /sn
8

:'l

FIG. 158. FIG. 157. FIG. 160.

FIG. 159.

GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE MUSCLES.

FIG. 156. FIG. 157. FIG. 158.
The stages of developement Another View of the stages A View of the Arrangemeni
of developement of Mus- of the Fasciculi orLacerti
of Muscular Fibre.
cular Fibre. \
of Voluntary Muscle, the
1. Arrangement of the Primitive 1. A Muscular Fibre of Animal life Fibres separated at one
Cells in a Linear Series. enclosed in its Sheath or Myo- End into Brush-like Bun-
lemma. dles OF FlBRILLjE.
2. The Cells united. The Nuclei 2. An Ultimate Fibril of the same.
separated and some of them 3. A more highly magnified View FIG. 159.
of fig. 1., showing the true na- A
broken up —Longitudinal Lines ture of the Longitudinal Striae,
portion ofHuman Muscu-
lar Fibre, separating into
becoming apparent. as well as the mode of formation
Disks by cleavage in the
of the Transverse Striae. The
3.4. The transverse Stripes or Bands direction of its transverse
Myolemma is here so thin as to
beginning to show. permit the Ultimate Fibrils to be
Stride.

Transverse Bands fully formed seen through it.

5.
4. A Muscular Fibre of Organic
FIG. 160.
and dark, with the Nuclei disap-
life with two of its Nuclei; taken
A View of the Fibres of Hu-
pearing. from the Urinary Bladder, and man Muscle broken Trans-
magnified 600 Diameters. versely. The Fragments
6. Elementary Fibres from the
5. A Muscular Fibre of Organic are connected by the un-
Adult, treated with acid, to show from the Stomach, magnified
life TORN Sarcolemma or Myo-
the Nuclei. the same. lemma.
ge 67.
 FIG
FIG.
FIG
GENERAL ANATOMY
FIG. 161.
A View of the Fragments of Striped Ele-
mentary Fibres, showing a cleavage in op-
posite DIRECTIONS MAGNIFIED 300 DIAME-
TERS.
1. The Longitudinal Cleavage.
2. The Transverse Cleavage, the Longitudinal Lines
being scarcely visible.
3. Incomplete Fracture, following the opposite sur-
faces of a Disc which stretches across the Inter-
val and retains the two Fragments in connexion.
The Edge and Surface of this Disc are seen to be
minutely granular, the Granules corresponding in
size to the thickness of the Disc and to the dis-
tance between the faint Longitudinal Lines.
4. Another Disc nearly detached.
5. A detached Disc more highly magnified, showing
the Sarcous Elements.
6. Fibrillar separated by violence from each other at
the broken end of the Fibre.
7.8. The two appearances commonly presented by the
separated single Fibrillae more highly magnified,
; A
at 7 the spaces are rectangular, at 8 the borders
are scolloped and the spaces bead-like.
FIG. 162.
A Fragment of Muscular Fibre from the
MACERATED HEART OF AN Ox, SHOWING THE
FORMATION OF THE StRIjE BY THE AGGREGA-
TION of the Beaded Fierillje.
Page
1G1.
7 8
163. FIG. 1G4.
165.
OF THE MUSCLES.
FIG. 163.
A Transverse Section of the Ultimate Fi-
brils of the Biceps, showing their Polygo-
nal Form and the Ultimate Fibrils com-
posing them.
FIG. 164.
A mass of Ultimate Fibres from the Pecto-
ralis Major of the Human Foetus at Term.
These Fibres have been immersed in a so-
lution of Tartaric Acid, and their nume-
rous Corpuscules turned in various direc-
tions, and showing some Nucleoli.
FIG. 165.
View of the Attachment of Tendon to
Muscular Fibre, as shown in the Skate.
The component Fibres of Tendinous Struc-
ture ARE ARRANGED WITH GREAT REGULARITY,
PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER, AND ARE ATTACHED
TO THE END OF THE SaRCOLEMMA, WHICH TER-
MINATES ABRUPTLY AND WITHOUT THE TAPER-
ING of the Muscular Fibre, as some have
SUPPOSED.
66.
 FIG. 166. FIG. 167.

MUSCLES OF THE FACE AND NECK.

FIG. 166. 11. Depressor Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi.

A View of the manner in which the Nerves 12. Buccinator.

13. Orbicularis Oris.

SUPPLYING THE MUSCLES TERMINATE.
11 The denuded Surface of the Inferior Maxil-
lary Bone.

FIG. 167.
15 Depressor Anguli Oris.
16, Depressor Labii Inferioris.
A Front View of the Superficial Layer of
17 The portion of the Platysma-Mycdes that
Muscles on the Face and Neck. passes on to the Mouth, or the Musculus Ri-
1.1. Anterior Bellies of the Occipito Frontalis. sorius.
2. Orbicularis or Sphincter Palpebrarum. 18. Sterno-Hyoideus.
3. Nasal Slip of Occipito Frontalis. 19 Platysma - Myodes. It is wanting on the
4. Anterior Auriculae. other side of the Figure.
5. Compressor Naris. 20, Superior Belly of the Omo-Hyoideus near its

6. Levator Labii Superioris Alseque Nasi. insertion.

7. Levator Anguli Oris •21. Sterno Cleido Mastoideus.
8. Zygomaticus Minor. 22. Scalenus Medius.
9. Zygomaticus Major. 23, Inferior Belly of Oino-Hyoid.
10. Masseter. 24, Cervical Edge of the Trapezius.
69.
 FIG. 168. FIG. 169.

8 7j,

MUSCLES OF THE FACE AND NECK.

FIG. 168. FIG. 169.
A Front View of the Deep-seated Layer of A Lateral View of the Deep-seated Mus-
Muscles on the Face and Neck. cles of the Face and Neck.

1.1. Temporalis. 1. The Inferior Maxillary Bone.

2. Superior Maxillary Bone.
2. The Eye-Ball in the Orbit with its Oblique Mus-
3. Malar Bone.
cles in situ.
4.4. Orbicularis Oris Muscle.
3. Corrugator Supercilii. 5. Buccinator.
4. Points of insertion of the Orbicularis Palpebrarum. 6. External Pterygoid.
5. Anterior Auriculae. 7. Internal Pterygoid.
8. Glenoid Cavity.
6. Orbitar portion of the Levator Labii Superioris
9. Constrictor Pharyngis Superior.
Alaeque Nasi. 10. Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone.
7. Compressor Naris. 11. Splenius.

8. Levator Labii Superioris in its Lower Third, show- 12. Stylo- Pharyngeus.
13. Stylo-Glossus.
ing its intermixture with the Orbicularis Oris.
14. Constrictor Pharyngis Medius.
9. Levator Anguli Oris.
15. Longus Colli.
10.11. Depressor Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi, seen 16. Scalenus Medius.
on both sides of the Face. 17. Levator Scapulae.
12. Buccinator. 18. Serratus Superior Posticus.

13. Masseter. 19. Scalenus Anticus.

20. Scalenus Posticus.
14. Orbicularis Oris at the angle of the Mouth.
21. Rhomboideus Minor.
15. Orbicularis Oris as shown in the edge of the 22. Section of the Trapezius.
Lower Lip. 23. Supra Spinatus.
16. Depressor Anguli Oris. 24. Acromion Scapulae.

17. Levator Menti vel Labii Inferioris. 25. First Rib.

26. Sterno- Clavicular Articulation.
18. Depressor Labii Inferioris.
27. Clavicle.
19. Adipose Tissue on the Chin.
28. Trachea.
20. Scalenus Medius. 29. Oesophagus.
21. Sterno-Hyoideus. 30. Crico-Thyroideus.
22. Omo-Hyoideus. 31. Constrictor Pharyngis Inferior.
32. Thyro-Hyoid.
23. Sterno-Cleido Mastoidcus.
33. Thyro-Hyoid Ligament.
24. Trapezius as seen on the Neck.
34. Os Hyoides.
25. Attachment of the Fascia Profunda Colli to the 35. Hyo-Glossus.
Clavicle. 36. Mylo-Hyoid.
Page 70.
 FIG. 170. FIG. 171.

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK.

FIG. 170. FIG. 171.

A Side View of the Superficial Layer A Lateral View of the Deep-seated Layer
Muscles on the Face and Neck. of Muscles on the Face and Neck.

1. Tendon of the Occipito Frontalis. 1. Temporal Muscle deprived of its Fascia.

2. Corrugator Supercilii.
2. Its Frontal Belly.
3. Nasal Slip of the Occipito Frontalis.
3. Anterior Auriculae. 4. Superior or Nasal Extremity of the Levator Labii,
4. Attollens Auriculas. Superioris Alaeque Nasi.
5. Compressor Naris.
5. Occipital Belly of the Occipito Frontalis.
6. Levator Anguli Oris.
6. Retrahens Auriculas. 7. Depressor Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi.
7. Orbicularis Palpebrarum. 8. Buccinator.
9. Orbicularis Oris.
8.8. Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi.
10. Depressor Labii Inferioris.
9. Compressor Naris. 11. Levator Labii Inferioris.
10. Levator Anguli Oris. 12. Anterior Belly of the Digastricus.
13. Mylo-Hyoid.
11. Buccinator.
14. Stylo-Hyoid.
12. Zygomaticus Minor. 15. Thyro-Hyoid.
13. Orbicularis Oris and Zygomaticus Major. 16. Upper Belly of the Omo-Hyoid.
17. Sterno-Cleido Mastoid.
14. Platysma Myodes. 18. Sterno-Hyoid.
15. Splenius. 19. Scalenus Anticus.
20. Pectoralis Major.
16. Masseter.
; 21. Deltoid.
17. Sterno-Cleido Mastoid. 22. Trapezius.

18. Levator Scapulas. 23. Scalenus Medius.

24. Levator Scapulae and Scalenus Posticus.
19. Scalenus Medius.
25. Splenius.
20. Trapezius. 26. Complexus.
71
 FIG. 172.

MUSCLES OF THE EYE-LID.

FIG. 172. and the contiguous part of the Os Unguis

A View op the Tensor Tarsi or Muscle of also along the whole Superior Margin of the
Horner, as shown by a Dissection of the Internal Palpebral Ligament.

Internal Surface of the Eye-Lids. 5 A portion of the Palpebral Conjunctiva.

1. Origin of the Tensor Tarsi Muscle, from the j

6. External Palpebral Ligament and Canthus
superior part of the Os Unguis, just in advance
j
of the Eye-Lid.

of the Vertical Suture, between the Os Pla- j 7.7. Lower Portion and Terminating Fibres of

num and the Os Unguis. the Orbicularis Palpebrarum.

2. Superior Oblique Muscle of the Eye-Ball. Bifurcation of the Tensor Tarsi Muscle at
3. Inferior Oblique Muscle of the Eye-Ball. the Base of the Caruncula Lachrymalis.
4. Origin of the Orbicularis Palpebrarum, from The Insertions of the Muscle near the Puncta
the Nasal Process of the Os Maxillare Supe- are also shown.
rius, Internal Angular Process of the Os Frontis ( 9. Lachrymal Sac.
Page 72.
 FIG. 173.

FIG. 175. FIG. 176.

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK.

FIG. 173. 10. Stylo-Pharyngeus. 5. Upper portion of Genio 5. Muscle itself.
11. Sterno-Cleido Mastoid. Hyo-Glossus. Point of Union of
A View of the Pte- 12. Its Sternal Origin. 6. Tip or Point of the
6.
Fascia.
its

rygoid Muscles, as 13. Its Clavicular Origin. Tongue, showing the 7. Point of Union of the
shown by the remo- 14. Sterno-Hyoideus. Vertical Lingual Mus- Fascia Profunda Colli
VAL of the Zygoma- 15. Sterno- Thyroid of the cle. ofeachsideoftheNeck.
tic Arch and the Right Side. 7. Surface of the Tongue. 8. Section of the Sterno-
greater part of the 16. Thyro-Hyoideus. 8. Transversales Linguae. Hyoid Muscle.
17. Hyoid Belly of the 9. Superficialis Linguae. 9. Section of the Omo
Ramcs of the Jaw. Omo-Hyoid. 10. Superior Extremity of Hyoid Muscle.
1. Sphenoidal portionof the 18. Scapular portion of the the Constrictor Pha- 10. Section of the Sterno-
External Pterygoid. Omo-Hyoid. ryngis Medius. Thyroid Muscle.
2. Pterygoid portion of the 19. Anterior Edge of the 11. Stylo-Pharyngeus. 11. Lateral Lobe of the
External Pterygoid. Trapezius. 12. Its Insertion. Thyroid Gland.
3. Internal Pterygoid. < 20. Scalenus Anticus of 13. Constrictor Pharyngis 12. Trachea.
the Right Side, Inferior. 13. CEsophagus.
21. Scalenus Posticus. 14. Os Hyoides.
FIG. 174.
s

> 22. Scalenus Medius. 15. Thyro-HyoidLigam't.

14. Blood-vesselsandPneu-
mogastricNerve in their
A Viewof the Superfi- 16. Thyroid Cartilage.
Sheath.
cial and Deep-seat- 15. Longus Colli.
ed Muscles on the FIG. 175. FIG. 176. 16. Rectus Anticus Major.
Front of the Neck. A Vertical Section A Transverse Sec- 17. Scalenus Anticus.
1. Posterior Belly of the of the Tongue and tion of the Neck, 18. Scalenus Medius and
Posticus.
Digastricus. Lower Jaw, show- showing the Fascia
19. Splenius Capitis.
2. Its Anterior Belly. ing theMuscles at- Profunda, and its 20. Splenius Colli.
3. Ligamentous Loop on Prolongations as
tached thereto. 21. Levator Scapula.
the Os Hyoides through
which its Tendon plays. 1. A Section of theLower Sheaths for the 22. Complexus.
4. Stylo-Hyoideus. Jaw. Muscles. 23. Trachelo Mastoid.
5. Mylo-Hyoideus. 2. Styloid Process of the 1. Platysma Myodes. 24. Transversalis Cervicis.
6. Genio-Hyoideus. Temporal Bone. 2. Trapezius. 25. Cervicalis Descendens.
7. The Tongue. 3. Stylo-GlossusMuscIe. 3. Ligamentum Nucha?. 26. Semi Spinalis Cervicis.
8. Hyo-Glossus. 4. Lower portion of Ge- 4. Sheath of Sterno-Cleido 27. Multifidus Spina?.
9. Stylo- Glossus. nio Hyo-Glossus. Mastoid. 28. ACervical Vertebra.
Fage 73,
 FIG. 177. FIG. 178.

MUSCLES ON THE FRONT OF THE THORAX.

FIG. 177. FIG. 178.

A View of the Superficial Muscles of the A View of the Deeper-seated Muscles on

Upper Front of the Trunk. the Upper Front of the Trunk.
1. Stemo-Hyoid. the Sterno-Cleido Mastoid.
1. Cut portion of
2. Sterno-Cleido Mastoid.
2. Scalenus Medius.
3. Stemo-Thyroid.
3. Scalenus Anticus.
4. Clavicular portion of the Sterno-Cleido Mas-
4. Trapezius.
toid.

5. Anterior Edge of the Trapezius. 5. Omo-Hyoid.

6. Clavicle. 6. Stemo-Hyoid.
7. Clavicular Origin of the Pectoralis Major. 7. Sterno Thyroid.
8. Deltoid. 8. Subclavius Muscle.
9. Fold of Fibres of the Pectoralis Major on
9. First External Intercostal.
the Anterior Edge of the Axilla.
10. Insertion of the Pectoralis Minor.
10. Middle of the Pectoralis Major.
11. Cut portion of the Coraco-Brachialis and
11. The crossing and interlocking of the Fibres
of the External Oblique of one side of the short Head of the Biceps.
Abdomen with those of the other. 12. Body of the Pectoralis Minor.
12. Biceps Flexor Cubiti. 13. An External Intercostal Muscle.
13. Teres Major.
14. Sub-Scapularis.
14. Serratus Major Anticus.
15. Latissimus Dorsi.
15. Superior Heads of the External Oblique in-

terlocking with the Serratus Major. 16. Serratus Major Anticus.

 FIG. 179. FIG. 180.

MUSCLES ON THE FRONT OF THE TRUNK

FIG. 179. 19. Common Tendon of the Internal Oblique

A View of the Superficial Muscles of the and Transversalis.

Left Side and of the Deep Muscles of 20. Crural Arch.

the Right Side, on the Front of the 21. Fascia Lata Femoris.

Trunk. 22. Saphenous Opening.

The Crescentic Edge of the Sartorial Fascia
1. Pectoral is Major.
is seen just above fig. 22, and the Interior or
2. Deltoid.

3. Anterior Edge of Latissimus-Dorsi.

Pubic Point of the Crescent is known as Hey's
Ligament.
4. Serrated Edge of Serratus Major Anticus.
5. Subclavius Muscle.
6. Pectoralis Minor.
FIG. 180.

7. C oraco-Brachialis. A Lateral View of the Muscles of the

8. Biceps Flexor Cubiti. Trunk, especially on the Abdomen.
9. Coracoid Process of the Scapula. 1. Latissimus Dorsi.
10. Serratus Major Anticus after the removal of
2. Serratus Major Anticus.
the Obliquus Externus Abdominis. 3. Upper portion of the External Oblique.
11. External Intercostal Muscle of the Fifth In- 4. Two of the External Intercostal Muscles.
tercostal Space. 5. Two of the Internal Intercostal Muscles.
12, External Oblique of the Abdomen. 6. Transversalis Abdominis.
13. Its Tendon. The Median Line is the Linea 7. Fascia Lumborum.
Alba. —The Line to the Right of the Num- 8. Posterior part of the Sheath of the Rectus or
ber is the Linea Semilunaris. Anterior Aponeurosis of the Transversalis
The portion of the Tendon of the External Muscle.
Oblique, known as Poupart's Ligament. 9. The Rectus Abdominis cut off and in its

External Abdominal Ring. Sheath.

Rectus Abdominis. The White Spaces are 10. Rectus Abdominis of the Right Side.
the Linea Transversae. 11. Crural Arch.
Pyramidalis. 12. Gluteus Magnus — Medius and Tensor Va-
Internal Oblique of the Abdomen. ginae Femoris covered by the Fascia Lata.
Page
 FIG. 181. FIG. 182.

MUSCLES AND FASCIA OF THE ABDOMEN.

FIG. 181. FIG. 182.
A View of the External parts concerned A View op the Deep-seated parts concerned
in Inguinal and Femoral Hernia.
in Inguinal and Femoral Hernia.
1.1. The common Integuments and Adipose Tis-
1.1. Integuments and Adipose Tissue.
sue of the Abdomen turned back.
2. Integuments of the Scrotum.
2. The Penis with its Suspensory Ligament
deprived of the Integuments. 3.3. Fascia Superficialis Abdominis and Fascia
3. Integuments of the Scrotum drawn down. Lata Femoris turned off.

4. Fascia Superficialis of the Abdomen. 4. External Oblique Muscle.

5. The same on the Thigh. 5. Its Tendon.
6. The Left Spermatic Cord covered by the 6. Linea Alba.
Fascia Superficialis.
7. Lower part of the External Oblique Tendon
7. The Inguinal Glands which are placed on
divided and turned back.
the Fascia Superficialis.
8. Right Testicle in the Tunica Vaginalis
Branch of the External Pudic Artery.
Testis.
9. Fascia Superficialis turned off the Thigh.
9. Internal Oblique and Transversalis Muscles.
10. Tendon of the External Oblique.
11. Linea Alba. 10. Epigastric Artery and Vein as placed be-

12. External Oblique Muscle. tween the Fascia Transversalis and the Peri-
13. External Abdominal Ring. toneum.
14. Its Superior Column.
11. Points to the Surface of the Peritoneum
15. Its Inferior Column.
through the Internal Abdominal Ring.
16. Testicle covered by the Cremaster Muscle.
17. Anterior Superior Spinous Process. 12. Cord covered by the Cremaster Muscle
M Close Attachment of the Fascia Superficialis laying in the Abdominal Canal.
on the outside of the Thigh. 13. External Abdominal Ring laid open.
19. Cribriform Openings in the Fascia Lata Fe- 14. ) Fascia Propria of the Vessels laid open so
moris. 15. > as to expose them.
20. Saphenous Opening.
16. Pectineus.
21. Branch of the Saphena Vein. i

17. The Vessels in their Sheath.

22. Saphena Vein.
23. External Femoral Ring. 18. Penis and Ligamentum Suspensorium.

24. Testicle. ;
19. Testicle and Cord in its entire length.

Page 76.
 FIG. 183.

FIG. 184.

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK.

FIG. 183. 5. Upper portion of Poupart's Ligament.

A Lateral View of the Deep-seated Muscles G. External Column of the External Ring.
op the Trunk.
7. Internal Column of the External Ring.
8. Intercrossing of the Tendons of each Side.
1. Vertebra.
9. Body of the Pubes.
2. First Rib.
10. Upper Boundary of the External Abdominal
3.

4.
Superior Origin of the Serratus Major Anticus.
Acromion Scapulae.
—
Ring the Line points to the Ring.
11.
5. f Show the Convergence of the Fibres of the
> Fascia Transversalis.
12.
6.s Serratus Major and its Insertion into the 13. Fibres of the Internal Oblique turned up.
7. [ whole Base of the Scapula. 14. Fibres of the Transversalis Muscle.
8. An External Intercostal Muscle. 15. Points to the Internal Ring, the Opening is
9. Section of the Sacro-Lumbalis. enlarged for the demonstration.
10. Transversalis Abdominis. 1G. Sartorius.
11. Abdominal Aponeurosis. 17. Fascia Lata Femoris.
12. Rectus Abdominis. 18 , Rectus Femoris.
13. Fascia Lumborum. 19 , Adductor Longus.
14.14. Costal Origins of the Serratus Major. 20, , Penis.
15. External Intercostal Muscle. 21. Fascia Lata of the opposite Thigh.
16.16. Two Internal Intercostal Muscles. 22. Point where the Saphena Vein enters the
Femoral.
23. Fascia Lata as applied to the Vessels.
FIG. 184. 24. Insertion of the Transversalis Muscle on the

A View of the Abdominal Muscles and the Pubis.

25. 26.Correspond to 11.12. of the opposite side
Abdominal or Inguinal Canal.
and indicate the Fascia Transversalis.
1. External Oblique Muscle of the Abdomen. 27. Poupart's Ligament turned off from the In-
2. Its Aponeurosis. ternal Muscles.

3. Its Tendon slit up and turned back to show 28. Transversalis Abdominis.
the Canal. 29. Internal Oblique.
4. Anterior Superior Spinous Processes. 30. Rectus Abdominis.
Page 77.
 FIG. 186.

FIG. 185.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK.

FIG. 185. 3. Middle of the Trapezius.

A View of the Muscles on the Front and 4. Insertion of the Trapezius into the Spine of
Sides of the Cervical Vertebra.
the Scapula.
1. Rectus Capitis Anticus Major.
5. Deltoid.
2. Scalenus Anticus.
6. Second Head of the Triceps Extensor Cubiti.
3. Lower portion of the Longus Colli on the
Right Side. 7. Its Superior Portion.

4. Rectus Capitis Anticus Minor. 8. Scapular portion of the Latissimus Dorsi.

5. Upper portion of the Longus Colli on the 9. Axillary Border of the Pectoralis Major.
Left Side.
10. Axillary Border of the Pectoralis Minor.
6. Seventh Cervical Vertebra.
11. Serratus Major Anticus.
7. Scalenus Medius.
8. Scalenus Posticus. 12. Infra Spinatus.

9. One of the Inter-Transversales Muscles. 13. Teres Minor.

10. Rectus Capitis Lateralis. 14. Teres Major.
15. Middle of the Latissimus Dorsi.
FIG. 186.
1 6. External Oblique of the Abdomen.
A View of the Muscles of the Back as
17. Gluteus Medius.
SHOWN AFTER THE REMOVAL OF THE INTEGU-
MENTS. 18. Gluteus Minimus.

1. Occipital Origin of the Trapezius. 19. Gluteus Magnus.

2. Sterno-Cleido Mastoideus. 20. Fascia Lumborum.

78.
 FIG. 187.

FIG. 188.

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK.

FIG. 187. Pyriformis.

A Vertical Section of the Front Levator Ani and Coccygeus.

of the
Trunk, showing its Posterior Parieties Tensor Vaginae Femoris.
and the Cavities of the Chest and Abdo- Adductor Longus.
men. Pectineus.
Rectus Femoris.
1. Stemo-Cleido Mastoid.
26. Sartorius.
2. Longus Colli.
3. Scalenus Anticus.
FIG. 188.
4. Upper portion of the Serratus Major Anticus.
5. Infra Costales Muscles or Appendices to the
A View of the Under Side of the Diaphragm.
Internal Intercostal Muscles. 2* I The Greater Muscle of the Diaphragm in-
6. Internal Intercostal Muscles.
3. J serted into the Cordiform Tendon.
7. Foramen Quadratum for the Inferior Vena-
4. The small triangular space behind the Ster-
Cava.
num, covered only by Serous Membrane and
8. Back part of the Cordiform Tendon of the
through which Hernia sometimes pass.
Diaphragm.
5. Ligamentum Areuatum of the Left Side.
9. Middle of the Diaphragm showing the Fora-
6. Point of Origin of the Psoas Magnus.
men G^sophageum.
10. Deltoid.
7. A small Opening for the Lesser Splanchnic
Nerve.
11. Insertion of the Pectoralis Major.
12. Biceps Flexor Cubiti.
8. One of the Crura of the Diaphragm.

Foramen Aorticum of the Diaphragm. 9. Fourth Lumbar Vertebra.

13.
Lesser Muscle of the Dia- 10. Another Crus or portion of the Lesser Muscle
14. Origin of the
of the Diaphragm.
phragm.
15. Quadratus Lumborum. 11. Hiatus Aorticus.

16. Its Sheath.

12. Foramen 03sophageum.
17. Psoas Magnus. 13. Foramen Quadratum.
j

18. Origin of the Psoas Parvus. 14. Psoas Magnus Muscle.

1!». Iliacus Interims. 15. Quadratus Lumborum.
Page 79.
 FIG. 189.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK,

FIG. 189. FIG. 190.

A View of the Second Layer of Muscles of A View of the Muscles of the Back which
the Back. fill up the Fossa on either side of the
1. Trapezius. Spinous Processes of the VERTEBRiE.
2. A portion of the Tendinous Ellipse formed
1. Tendinous Origin of the Longissimus Dorsi.
by the Trapezius on both sides.
2. Upper portion of the Sacro-Lumbalis.
3. Spine of the Scapula.
3. Upper portion of the Longissimus Dorsi.
4. Latissimus Dorsi.
5. Deltoid. 4. Spinalis Dorsi.

6. Infra Spinatus and Teres Minor. 5. Cervicalis Descendens.

7. External Ohlique of the Abdomen. G. Transversalis Cervicis.
8. Gluteus Medius.
7. Trachelo-Mastoideus.
9. Gluteus Magnus of each side.
8. Complexus.
10. Levator Scapulae.
9. Insertion of the Transversalis Cervicis.
11. Rhomboideus Minor.
12. Rhomboideus Major. 10. Semi-Spinalis Dorsi.

13. Splenius Capitis. 11. Semi-Spinalis Cervicis.

14. Splenius Colli. 12. Rectus Capitis Posticus Minor.
15. A portion of the Origin of the Latissimus
13. Rectus Capitis Posticus Major.
Dorsi.
|

Serratus Inferior Posticus. 14. Obliquus Capitis Superior.

16.
17. Supra Spinatus. 15. Obliquus Capitis Inferior.

18. Infra Spinatus. 1G. Multifidus Spina? at its Lower Part. The
j

19. Teres Minor. I

rest is concealed by other Muscles.
20. Teres Major.
j 17.17. Levatores Costarum.
21. Long Head of the Triceps
Extensor Cuhiti. j

18. Inter-Transversarii.
22. Serratus Major Anticus.
Abdomen. 19. Quadratus Lumborum.
23. Internal Oblique of the
Page 80.
 FIG. 191.

FIG. 192.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

FIG. 191. 19. External Intercostals.

A View of the Deep-seated or Fourth Lay er 20. Outer portion of the Quadratus Lumborum.

or Muscles on the Back of the Head and 21. Section of the Fascia Lumborum.
Trunk. 22. Inter-Transversarii.

1. Occiput.
2. Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone.
FIG. 192.
3. First Cervical Vertebra.
4. Rectus Capitis Posticus Minor.
An Enlarged View of the Muscles attached
5. Rectus Capitis Posticus Major. to the Cervical Vertebrje Behind.
6. Obliquus Capitis Superior. 1. Atlas.
7. Obliquus Capitis Inferior.
2. Semi-Spinalis Cervicis at its Upper part.
8.8. Inter-Spinales of the Neck.
3. Insertions of the Cervicalis Descendens.
9. Inter-Spinales of the Dorsal Vertebrae.
4. Middle of the Semi-Spinalis Cervicis.
10.10. Leva tores Costarum.
5.6. Origins of the Cervicalis Descendens.
11.11. Intercostales.
12.12.12. Multifidus Spinas from its Origin to its 7. Lower portion of the Semi-Spinalis Cer-
Insertion. vicis.
13.13. Cut Origins of the Multifidus Spinas. 8. Tenth Dorsal Vertebra,
14. Cut Insertions of the Multifidus Spinas.
9. Semi-Spinalis Dorsi.
15. Quadratus Lumborum.
Longissimus Dorsi. 10.11. Origins of the Transversalis Cervicis.
16.16. Insertions of the
17.17.18. Insertions of the Sacro Lumbalis. 12.13. Its Insertions.
Pago 81.
 FIG. 193. FIG. 194.

76 5 ,

FIG. 195. FIG. 196.

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER.

FIG. 193. FIG. 195.

A View of the Deltoid Muscle. A Posterior View of the Muscles of the

1. Clavicle. Shoulder with the Deltoid.
riginof
'"' the Deltoid from the Clavicle, Acromion 1. Acromion Scapulae.
II 2. Supra- Spinatus Muscle.
4. ' and
anc Spine of the Scapula.
3. Spine of the Scapula.
5. Body of the Scapula.
4. Posterior portion of the Origin of the Deltoid.
6. Middle of the Deltoid, showing the Fasciculated
5. Infra-Spinatus Muscle.
character of its Fibres.
7. Its Insertion.
6. Teres Major.
7. Teres Minor.
8. Shaft of the Os Humeri.
8. Long Head of the Triceps Extensor.
9. Its Second Head.
FIG. 194. 10. The Shaft of the Os Humeri.
An Anterior View op the Muscles of the 11. Brachialis Internus.
Shoulder. 12. Insertion of the Deltoid.
13. Its middle portion forming the round part of the
1. Upper part of the Body of the Scapula.
Shoulder.
2. Supra Spinatus Muscle.
Section of Acromion Process.
3.
FIG. 196.
4. Coracoid Process.
5. Origin of the Second or short Head of (he Biceps,
A Posterior View of the Muscles of the
Sub-Scapularis near its Insertion.
Shoulder which strengthen the Articu-
6.

7. Deltoid. lation.
Tendon of the Pectoralis Major. 1. Acromion Scapulae.
9. Insertion of the Deltoid Muscle. 2. Supra-Spinatus Muscle.
3. Upper Angle of the Scapula.
10. Brachialis Internus.
4. Spine of the Scapula.
11. Cut Extremity of the Os Humeri.
5. Origin of the Infra-Spinatus Muscle.
12. Triceps Extensor Cubiti. 6.7. Origin of the Teres Major.
13. Tendon of the Latissimus Dorsi. 8. Origin of the Teres Minor.
14. Teres Major. 9. Insertion of the Teres Major.

15. Axillary portion of the Latissimus Dorei. 10. Shaft of the Os Humeri.

16. Axillary portion of the Sub-Scapularis. 11. Lower part of the Capsular Ligament.

17. Origin of the Teres Major. 12. Insertion of the Teres Minor.

18. Lower portion of the Scapula. 1 13. Insertion of the Infra-Spinatus.

Page 82.
 FIG. 19:

FIG. 193.

FIG. 199.

FASCIA AND MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY

FIG. 197. \ 3. Aponeurotic Attachment at the 4. Extensor Major Pollicis.

A View of the Fascia Brachi-

Internal Condyle of the Flexors 5. The Ulna.
of the Fore-Arm. 6. Tendon of the Auricularis.
als IN ITS WHOLE EXTENT. |

4. Sheath of the Pronator Radii 7. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon.

1. Portion covering the Deltoid Teres. 8. Posterior Carpal Ligament.
Muscle. ; 5. Sheath of the Palmaris Longus. 9. Insertion of the Extensor Carpi
2. Portion covering the upper part > 6. Sheath of the Flexor Carpi Ul- Ulnaris into the Metacarpal Bone
of the Biceps. > naris. of the Little Finger.
3. Portion covering the Coraco- |
7. Sheath of the Flexor Carpi Ra- 10. Abductor Minimi Digiti.
Brachialis. : dialis. 11. Middle Tendon of the Extensor
4. Portion covering the lower part < 8. Sheath of the Supinator Radii Communis.
of the Biceps. \ Longus. 12. Tendon to the Ring Finger.
5. Tendon of the Biceps. J 9. Fibro Cellular Tissue covering 13. Prior Annularis.
6. Opening for the Vein. < the Flexor Sublimis. 14. Flexor Parvus Minimi Digiti
7. Aponeurosis as strengthened by < 10. Tendon of the Supinator Radii Manus.
the Expansion from the Tendon > Longus cut offnear its Insertion. 15. Interosseous Digiti Auricularis.
of the Biceps. |
11. Tendon of the Flexor Carpi 16.16.16. Arrangement of the Ex-
8. Fascia over the Flexor Sublimis. ! Radialis cut off near its Inser- tensor Communis Tendons at
9. Fascia over the Flexor Carpi tion. the Phalangial Articulations.
Radialis. 12. Tendon
of the Flexor Carpi 17. Points to the Interossei Muscles
10. Commencement of the Palmar Ulnariscut offnear its Insertion. on the Palm of the Hand.
Fascia. 13. Palmaris Brevis. 18. Insertions of the Extensor Com-
14. Openings in the Palmar Fascia munis.
for the Superficial Nerves.
FIG. 198.
15. Fascia Palmaris.
19. Cross Slips connecting the differ-
ent Tendons of the Extensor
A View of the Inter-Muscu- Communis.
lar Fascia or Sheaths of 20. Tendon of the Indicator.
the Muscles of the Fore- FIG. 199.
21. Prior Indicis.
Arm. The thickness of the A View of the Muscles and 22. Insertion of the Extensor Major
Sheaths has been exagge- Tendons on the Back of Pollicis.
23. Abductor Indicis Manus.
rated in order to show the Hand. 24. Insertion of the Extensor Carpi
them better. 1. Lower portion of the Extensor Radialis Longior.
1. InferiorExtremitv of the Sheath Communis Digitorum. 25. Extensor Minor PollicisTendon.
of the Biceps Flexor Cubiti. 2. Extensor Minor Pollicis Manus. 26. Extensor Major PollicisTendon.
2. Tendon of the Biceps cut off just 3. Tendons of the Extensor Com- \
27. Insertion of the Tendon of the
above its Insertion. munis. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevior.
Page 83.
 FIG. 200. FIG. 201.

MUSCLES OF THE ARM AND FORE-ARM.

FIG. 200. 20. Tendon of the Biceps.
j
18. Origin of its Third Head,
21. Fasciculus from the Biceps sometimes called Brachialis
A View of the Muscles on the Tendon to the Fascia Bra-
j

Externus.
Front op the Arm. chialis.
|
19. Middle of the Biceps Flexor.
22. Flexor Carpi Radialis. 20. Middle of the Brachialis Ex-
1. Clavicle.
23. Palmaris Longus. ternus.
2. Coracoid Process and Origin
24. Supinator Radii Longus. 21. Origin of the Supinator Ra-
of the Short Head of the Bi- dii Longus.
ceps. 22. Lowerportion of the Triceps.
3. Acromion Scapulae.
FIG. 201.
23. Origin of the Extensor Carpi
4. Head of the Os Humeri. A View of the Muscles on Radialis Longior.
the Back of the Arm. 24. Insertion of the Triceps.
5. Tendon of the Biceps Muscle
1. Supra-Spinatus Muscle. 25. Shaft of the Ulna.
in the Bicipital Groove.
2. Section of the Clavicle. 26. Middle of the Extensor Carpi
6. Ligamentum Ascititium dis-
Radialis Longior.
3. Acromion Process.
sected off.
4. Fossa Infra Spinata. 27. Extensor Communis Digito-
7. Cut portion of the Pectoralis
5. Head of the Os Humeri.
\

Major. 6. Capsular Ligament.

8. Long Head of the Biceps. 7. Tendon of the Infra-Spinatus ;
FIG. 202.
9. Insertion of the Deltoid. Muscle. A View of the
Pronators of
10. Cut portion of the Tendinous 8. Origin of the Long Head of i
the Fore-Arm.
Insertion of the Pectoralis the Triceps. 1. Os Humeri.
Minor. 9* ) 2. Radius.
> Teres Minor Tendon.
11. Coraco-Brachialis. 3. Ulna.
19. Short Head of the Biceps. 11. Serratus Major Anticus. 4. Capsular Ligament of the
13. Latissimus Dorsi. 12. Origin of the Second Head Elbow.
1 Inner portion of the Triceps.
1. of the Triceps. 5. Interosseous Ligament.
15. Body of the Biceps. 13. Shaft of the Humerus. 6. Origin of the Pronator Radii

16. Outer portion of the Triceps.

14. Long Head of the Biceps Longus.
Flexor. 7. Its Insertion.
17. Brachial is Internus.
15. Insertion of the Pectoralis 8. Supinator Radii Brcvis.
18. Origin of the Flexor Muscles. Major. 9. Pronator Quadratus.
19. Brachialis Internus near its 16. Insertion of the Deltoid. 10. Tendon of the Biceps.
Insertion. 17. Body of the Triceps. 11. Carpal Articulation.

Page 84.
 FIG. 203. FIG. 205.

FIG. 204.

MUSCLES OF THE FORE-ARM AND HAND.

FIG. 203. 4.5. Two Bellies of the Flexor Brevis Pollicis.
A View op theOuter Layer op the Muscles 6. Adductor Pollicis.
on the Front of the Fore-Arm (Flexors). 7.7. Lumbricales arising from Tendons of the
Flexor Profundus Digitorum.
1. Lower portion of the Biceps Flexor Cubiti.
8. Shows how the Tendon of the Flexor Pro-
2. Brachialis Internus.
fundus passes through the Flexor Sublimis.
3. Lower Internal portion of the Triceps.
9. Tendon of the Flexor Longus Pollicis.
4. Pronator Radii Teres.
10. Abductor Minimi Digiti.
5. Flexor Carpi Radialis.
11. Flexor Parvus Minimi Digiti.
6. Palmaris Longus.
12. Pisiform Bone.
7. Part of the Flexor Sublimis Digitorum.
13. First Dorsal Interosseous Muscle.
8. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris.
9. Palmar Fascia.
10. Palmaris Brevis Muscle. FIG. 205.
11. Abductor Pollicis Manus.
12. Portion of the Flexor Brevis Pollicis
A View of the Under Layer of Muscles on
Manus.
the Front of the Fore- Arm (Flexors).
The Line crosses the Adductor Pollicis.
13. Supinator Longus. 1. Internal Lateral Ligament of the Elbow-Joint.
14. Extensor Ossis Metacarpi Pollicis. 2. Capsular Ligament of the Elbow-Joint.
3. Coronary Ligament of the Head of the Ra-
dius.
FIG. 204.
4. Flexor Profundus Digitorum Perforans.
A View op the Muscles on the Palm of the 5. Flexor Longus Pollicis.
Hand. 6. Pronator Quadratus.
1. Annular Ligament. 7. Adductor Pollicis Manus.
2.2. Origin and Insertion of the Abductor Pollicis. 8. Lumbricales.
3. Opponens Pollicis. ;
0. Interossei.

e 65.
 FIG. 200. FIG. 207.

MUSCLES OF THE FOUE-ARM AND HIP

FIG. 206. 4. Anconeus Muscle.
5. Supinator Radii Brevis.
A View of the Outer Layer or Muscles on
Extensor Ossis Metacarpi Pollicis.
6.
the Back of the Fore-Arm (Extensors).
7. Extensor Minor Pollicis.
1. Lower portion of the Biceps Flexor. 8. Extensor Major Pollicis.
2. Part of the Brachialis Interims. 9. Indicator.
3. Lower part of the Triceps Extensor. 10. First Dorsal Interosseous Muscle. The others
4. Supinator Radii Longus. are also shown.
5. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longior.
6. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevior. FIG. 208.
7. Tendinous Insertions of these two Muscles.
8. Extensor Communis Digitorum.
A View of the Deep-seated Muscles at the
9. Portion of the Extensor Communis Digitorum Hip-Joint.
called Auricularis. 1. Os Ilium.
10. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris. 2. Os Sacrum.
11. Anconeus. 3. Posterior Sacro-lliao Ligaments.
12. Portion of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris. 4. Tuber Ischii.
13. Extensor Minor Poll icis. The Muscle nearest 5. Greater Sacro-Sciatic Ligam
the Figure is the Extensor Ossis Metacarpi 6. Lesser Sacro-Sciatic Ligament.
Pollicis. 7. Trochanter Major.
11. Extensor Major Pollicis. 8. Gluteus Minimus.
15. Posterior Annular Ligament. The disl 0. Pyriformis.
tion of the Tendons of the Extensor Commu- 10. Geminus Superior.
nis, is seen on the backs of the Fingi t
11. Obturator Inti
12. Geminus Inferior.
FTG. 207. 13. Quadratus Femori
of the Deep-seated Muscles on the 14. Adductor Magnus.
A View
Back of the Fore-Arm (Extensors). 15. Vastus Externus.
16. Bii
1. Lower part of the ! I

17. Gracilis.
2. Olecranon.
3. Shaft of the
;
mi-Tendino
 PIG. 209.
FIG. 210.

MUSCLES OF THE THIGH.

FIG. 209. FIG. 210.
A View of the Deep-seated Muscles on the A View of the Deep-seated Mi'scles on the
Posterior Part of the Hip-Joint.
Front of the Thigh.
1. Fifth Lumbar Vertebra.
1. Os Ilium.
2. Ilio-Lumbar Ligament.
3. Crest of the Ilium. 2. Capsular Ligament of the Hip-Joint.
4. Anterior Superior Spinous Process. 3. Trochanter Major.
5. Origin of the Fascia Femoris. 4. Origin of the Pectineus Muscle.
6. Gluteus Medius.
5. Symphysis Pubis.
7. Its Lower and Anterior portion.
6. Origin of the Adductor Longus.
8. Pyriformis.
9. Gemini. 7. Insertion of the Iliacus Intemus and Psoas
10. Trochanter Major. Magnus.
11. Insertion of the Gluteus Medius. 8. Insertion of the Pectineus.
12. Quadratus Femoris.
9. Middle of the Adductor Longus.
13. Part of the Adductor Magnus.
14. Insertion of the Gluteus
10. Tendinous Insertion of the Adductor Lono-us.
Magnus.
15. Vastus Externus. 11. Part of the Adductor Brevis seen between
16. Long Head of the Biceps. the Pectineus and Adductor Longus.
17. Semi-Membranosus. Cut edge of
12. the Vastus Intemus.
18. Semi-Tendinosus.
13. Aperture for the passage of Blood- Vessels.
19. Tuber-Ischii.
20. Obturator Intemus. 14. Opening for the Femoral Vessels.
21. Point of the Coccyx. 15. Portion of the Crureus.
22. Posterior Coccygeal Ligament. 16. Another Opening for Vessels.
23.
> Greater Sacro-Sciatic Ligament.
s 17. Cut Tendon of the Quadriceps Femoris.
21. S
25. Posterior Superior Spinous Process of Ilium. 18. Internal portion of the Knee-.Toint.
26. Posterior Sacro-Iliac Ligaments. 19. Tendon of the Patella.
Page 87.
 FIG. 211. FIG. 213. FIG. 212.

MUSCLES OF THE THIGH AND LEG,

FIG. 211. FIG. 212. FIG. 213.

A ViewoftheMusclesonthe A View of the Muscles on A View of the Muscles on the

Front of the Thigh. the Back of the Thigh. Front of the Leg.
1. Crest of the Ilium. 1. Gluteus Medius. 1. Tendon of the Quadriceps

2. Its Anterior Superior Spinous 2. Gluteus Magnus. Femoris.

Process. 3. Fascia Lata covering the 2. Spine of the Tibia.
3. Gluteus Medius.
Vastus Externus. 3. Tibialis Anticus.
4. Tensor Vagina; Femoris.
4. Long Head of the Biceps. 4. Extensor Communis Digi-
5. Sartorius.
5. Short Head of the Biceps. torum.
6. Rectus Femoris.
Vastus Externus. C. Semi-Tendinosus. 5. Extensor Proprius Pollicis.
7.

8. Vastus Internus. 7.7. Semi-Membranosus. 6. Peroneus Tertius.

9. Patella. 8. Gracilis. 7. Peroneus Longus.
10. Iliacus Internus. Edge of the Adductor Mag- 8. Peroneus Brevis.
9.
11. Psoas Magnus.
nus. 9.9. Borders of the Soleus.
12. Pectineus.
10. Edge of the Sartorius. 10. Portion of the Gastrocne-
13. Adductor Longus.
Adductor Magnus. 11. Popliteal Space. mius.
14.
15. Gracilis. 12. Gastrocnemius. 11. Extensor Brevis Digitorum.
Page 8S.
 FIG. 214. FIG. 215.

FIG. 216. FIG. 217.

MUSCLES OF THE LEG AND FOOT.

FIG. 214. FIG. 216.
A View op the Muscles on the Back op the A View op the Muscles on the Sole op the
Leg.
Foot immediately under the Plantar
1. Tendon of the Biceps.
Fascia.
2. Inner Hamstring Tendons.
3. Popliteal Space. 1. Os Calcis.

4. Gastrocnemius. 2. Section of the Fascia Plantaris.

5. Soleus. 3. Abductor Pollicis.
6. Tendo Achillis.
Abductor Minimi
1. Digiti.
7. Its Insertion on the Os Calcis.
5. Flexor Brevis Digitorum.
8. Tendons of the Peroneus Longus and Brevis.
9. Tendons of the Tibialis Posticus and Flexor Longus 6. Tendon of the Flexor Longus Pollicis.

Digitorum behind the Internal Malleolus. 7.7. Lumbricales.

FIG. 215. FIG. 217.

A View op the Deep-seated Muscles on the A View op the Deeper-seated Muscles on
Back of the Leg.
the Sole op the Foot.
1. Lower Femur.
portion of the
1. Section of the Plantar Fascia.
2. Ligament of Winslow.
3. Tendon of the Semi-Membranosus. 2. Flexor Accessorius.
4. Internal Lateral Ligament of the Knee-joint. 3. Tendon of the Flexor Longus Digitorum.
5. External Lateral Ligament of the Knee. 4. Tendon of the Flexor Longus Pollicis.
6. Popliteus Muscle.
5. Flexor Brevis Pollicis.
7. Flexor Longus Digitorum.
8. Tibialis Posticus. 6. Adductor Pollicis.

9. Flexor Longus Pollicis. 7. Flexor Brevis Minimi Digiti.

10. Peroneus Longus. 8. Transversalis Pedis.
11. Peroneus Brevis.
9. Interossei.
12. Insertion of the Tendo Achillis.
Lon- 10. Course of the Peroneus Longus Tendon across
1.!. Tendons of the Tibialis Posticus and Flexor
gus Digitorum. the Foot.

Page 69.
 FIG. 218. FIG. 219.

MUSCLES OF THE ARM.

FIG. 218. FIG. 219.

An Anterior View of the Deep-seateo Mus A Lateral View of the Deep-seated Mus-
cles on the Back of the Arm.
cles of the Arm.
1. Section of the Clavicle.
1. Clavicle.
2. Fossa Supra Spinata of the Scapula.
2. Coracoid Process of the Scapula. 3. Base of the Scapula.
3. Acromion Scapula. 4. Coraco Acromial Ligament.
4. Head of the Os Humeri. 5. Coracoid Process.
6. Origin of the Coraco Brachialis.
5. Tendon of the Long Head of the Biceps.
7. Section of the Sub-Scapularis Muscle.
G. Upper portion of the Coraco Brachialis.
8. Head Os Humeri.
of the
7. Origin of the Short Head of the Biceps.
9. Section of the Body of the Scapula.
8. Body of the Coraco Brachialis. 10. Origin of the Long Head of the Triceps.
9. Insertion of the Pectoralis Major. 11. Insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi.

10. Latissimus Dorsi.

12. Edge of the Biceps Flexor Cubiti.
13. Coraco Brachialis.
11. Insertion of the Deltoid.
14.
12. Origin of the Brachialis Internus.
\ Origin of the Second Head of the Triceps.

13. Insertion of the Coraco Brachialis. 16. Lower portion of the Coraco Brachialis.
Middle portion of the Triceps. 17. Body of the Biceps.
14.
18. Body of the Triceps.
15. Its Lower Anterior Portion.
19. Origin of the Third Head of the Triceps.
16. Body of the Brachialis Internus. 20 A Its' middle portion, known as the Brachialis
17. Internal Condyle. 21. \ Externus.
18 '
) 22. Brachialis Internus.
> Insertion of the Brachialis Internus.
23. Its Insertion.
20. Supinator Radii Longus. 24. Capsular Ligament of the Elbow.
21. Opening in the Capsular Ligament. rin of the Flexors of the Fore-Arm.
22. Cut Tendon of the Biceps at its Insertion.
27. Prolongation of the Tendon of the Biceps
23. Supinator Radii Brevis. t6 the Fascia Brachialis.
21. Fascia. 28. Olecranon.

Pase 00.
 PART THIRD.

ORGANS OF DIGESTION
AND

GENERATION:
ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-ONE FIGURES.
 FIG. 220.

FIG. 221.

FIG. 222.

ORGANS OF DIGESTION.
FIG. 220. 19. Its lesser Curvature.
|
51. Portion of the Levator Ani
20. Its greater
Curvature. Muscle.
A View of the Organs of DI-
21. The Cardiac Orifice.
gestion, opened in nearly} 52. The Anus.
22. The Pyloric Orifice.
their whole length. a por-
tion of the oesophagus has
23. Upper portion of Duodenum. FIG. 221.
been removed on account ofj
24.25. The remainder of the Duo- A View of the Cavity of the
denum. Mouth, as shown by dividing
want of space in the flgure.)
Valvulae Conniventes.
•26. Its
the Angles of the Mouth
The Arrows indicate thej
27. The
Gall Bladder. and turning off the llps.
course of Substances along;
28. The
Cystic Duct.
the Canal. 1. The Upper Lip, turned up.
29. Division of Hepatic Ducts
The Upper 2. Its Fraenum.
1. Lip, turned off in the Liver.
the Mouth. 30. Hepatic Duct.
3. The Lower Lip, turned down.
2. Its Fraenum. 31. Ductus Communis Chole- 4. Its Fraenum.
3. The Lower Lip, turned down. docus. 5. Internal Surface of the Cheeks.
4. Its Fraenum. 32. Its opening into the Duode- 6. Opening of Duct of Steno.
5.5. Inside of the Cheeks, covered num. 7. Roof of the Mouth.
by the lining Membrane of 33. Ductus Wirsungii, or Pan-
8. The anterior portion of the Late-
the Mouth. creatic Duct.
ral Half Arches.
6. Points to the opening of the 34. Its opening into the Duode- 9. The posterior portion of the La-
Duct of Steno. num. teral Half Arches.
7. Roof of the Mouth. 35. Upper part of Jejunum.
10. The Velum Pendulum Palati.

8. Lateral Half Arches. 36. The Ileum. 11. The Tonsils.

9. Points to the Tonsils. 37. Some of the Valvulae Conni-
12. The Tongue.
10. Velum Pendulum Palati. ventes.
11. Surface of the Tongue. 38. Lower extremity of the Ileum, FIG. 222.
12. Papillae near its point. 39. Ileo Colic Valve. A View of the Inner Side of
13. A portion of the Trachea. 40.41. Coecum, or Caput Coli. the Lips. The Mucous Mem-
14. The Oesophagus. 42. Appendicula Vermiformis. brane HAS BEEN REMOVED SO
15. Its internal surface. 43.44. Ascending Colon. as to show the labial and
16. Inside of the Stomach. 45. Transverse Colon. Buccal Glands.
17. Its greater extremity or great 46.47. Descending Colon. 1.1. Ducts of Steno: a Bristle
Cul de Sac. 48. Sigmoid Flexure of the Colon, has been introduced to show
18. Its lesser extremity or smaller 49. Upper portion of the Rectum. the opening into the Mouth.
Cul de Sac. 50. Its lower Extremity. j
2.2. The Labial Glands.
Page 93.
 PIG. 22a

FIG. 225.

THE TEETH
FIG. 223. FIG. 226.
A sideView of the Upper and Lower Jaw, A View of the Under Side of the Upper Jaw,
showing the Teeth in theih Sockets. The
showing the cutting edges and grinding
outer Plate of the Alveolar Processes
has been taken off so as to expose the Surfaces of the Teeth of this Jaw.
Fangs of the Teeth and show the kind of 1.1. The two Central Incisores.
Articulation and relative Position of 2.2. The two Lateral Incisores.
each. 3.3. The two Cuspidati.
1. First Incisores of the Upper Jaw. 4.4. The four Bicuspidati.
2. First Incisores of the Lower Jaw. 5.5. The six Molares or Grinders.
FIG. 224.
A View of the Under Side of the Upper Jaw
WITHOUT THE TEETH. FIG. 227.

1.1. The outer Plate of the Alveolar Process. A View, from above and behind, of the Lower
2.2. The inner Plate. Jaw with Set of Teeth, showing the
a full
3.3. The three douhle Sockets for the Molares. the
cutting Edges and grinding Surfaces of the
first two of which have three Sockets and the
last only two.
Teeth in that Jaw, with theCokonoid and
The ten single Sockets a r e seen in advance of <
Condyloid Processes.
these on each side of the Middle Line. They are
1.1. The two Central Incisores.
for the Incisores, the Cuspidati and the Bicuspidati.
2.2. The two Lateral Incisores.
3.3. The two Cuspidati.
FIG. 225.
4.4. The four Bicuspidati.
A View of the Upper Part of the Lower Jaw, 5.5. The six Molares or Grinders.
showing the Sockets of the Teeth. 6. Coronoid Process.
1. The Sockets of the ten single-fanged Teeth. 7. Condyloid Process.
2. The Sockets of the three donhle-fanged Teeth. } 8. Base of Jaw.
94.
 FIGS. 228 to 235.

FIGS. 236 to 243.

FIGS. 244 to 251.

THE TEETH.
FIGS. 223 to 235. Figures in this Cut have the same Refer-
A View Teeth of one side of
of the Eight ences as in the preceding Cut.
j

the Upper Jaw, taken from their Sockets \

so as to show the whole Tooth; seen

FROM THE OUTSIDE.
FIGS. 244 to 251.

1.1. The two Incisores. A Side View of the Teeth of one side of the

2. The Cuspidatus, showing how much it is Upper Jaw, showing how the Incisores and
longer than the others. cltspidati in this vlew differ from the
3.3. The two Bicuspidati.
former View more than the Bicuspidati
4.4. The first two Molares, having three Fangs.
or Molares.
5. The third Molar or Dens Sapientiae, having
1.1. The two Incisores, showing the hollowed
also three Fangs.
inner Surface of the Body of these Teeth.

FIGS. 236 to 243. 2. The Cuspidatus, showing the same.

3.3. The Bicuspidati, showing the two points on
The same View of the Teeth of the Lower I

the basis of each. The first of them has a

Jaw: the five single ones are similar to j
forked Fang.
THOSE IN THeUpTER J AW, IWT THeGrINDERS ]

in this Jaw have only two Fangs. The {

4.5. The Molares.
Page 05.
 FIGS. 252 to 259.

FIGS. 260 to 265.

FIGS 266 and 267.

THE TEETH.
FIGS. 252 to 259. > FIGS. 260 to 265.

A side View of the Teeth of one side of the A View of the Cavities of the Teeth, as
seen in Longitudinal Sections of the In-
Lower Jaw, showing that the Incisores <
cisores, Cuspidatus, Bicuspidati and Mo-
lares.
and clispidati in this vlew differ from the '<

View in Fig. 236, more than the Bicuspi-

FIGS. 266 and 267.
dati or Grinders.
A View of an Incisor and of a Molar Tooih,
given by a Longitudinal Section, and show-
l.l. The two Incisores.
ing that the Enamel is striated and hat
i

2. The Cuspidatus, showing how much longer THE StRIJE ARE ALL TURNED TO THE CENTRE.
The internal Structure is also seen.
it is than the others.
1. The Enamel.
3.3. The two Bicuspidati.
The Ivory.
2.
4.5. The three Molares. 3. The Cavitas Pulpi.
Page 90.
 FIG. 269.

FIG. 270.

FIG. 271. FIG. 272.

STRUCTURE OF THE TEETH.

FIG. 268. 4.4. Brown Parallel Fibres.
5. Parallel Flexions of the Fibres of the Dental
A Vertical Section of an Adult Bicuspis,
Bone in these Stripes.
CUT FROM WITHOUT INWARDS; MAGNIFIED FOUR
TIMES.
1.1. TheCortical Substance which surrounds the
Root upto the commencement of the Enamel.
FIG. 270.
2.2. The Ivory of the Tooth, in which are seen a portion of the surface of the enamel on
the greater Parallel Curvatures, as well as which the Hexagonal Terminations of
the position of the Main Tubes. the Fibres are shown.
3. Apex of the Tooth, where the Tubes are al-
most perpendicular. 1.2.3. Are more strongly marked dark crooked
4.4 The Enamel. Crevices, running between the rows of the
The Cavity of the Pulp, in which are seen, Hexagonal Fibres.
by means of the Glass, the Openings of the
Tubes of the Dental Bone.
FIG. 271.
The Fibres of the Enamel viewed sideways
FIG. 269. under a magnifying power of 350 times.
A Vertical Section of an imperfectly de- 1.1. The Enamel Fibres.
veloped Incisor, taken from the Follicle 2.2. The Transverse Stripes upon them.
in which it was enclosed This Section
is meant to show the position of the
Enamel Fibres; and also that a part of
the appearances which are seen in this FIG. 272.
substance under a less magnifying power,
originate in parallel curvatures of the A small Portion of Fig. 268 covered with
Fibres.
Turpentine Varnish, viewed under a mag-
nifying power of 350 times.
1.1. The Enamel.
2.2. The Dental Bone, or Ivory. 1.2.3. Are the Tubes containing a powdery lumpy
3.3. The minute Indentations and Points on the substance. They are regular, and closely
Surface of the Ivory, on which the Enamel undulating; but the Branches do not appear,
Fibres rest. because they are penetrated by the Varnish.
Page 07.
 FIG. 274.

FIG. 277.

FIG. 276.

STRUCTURE OF THE TEETH.

FIG. 273. FIG. 270.

A View of the most Interior Portion of the A View of the Position of the same Main
Main Tubes of the Dental Bone in an Tubes, in a Transverse Section near the
Root of a Bicuspis, magnified five times.
Incisor of a Child two years old, close
The dark patches in this Figure mark
to their commencement in the Cavitas the places in which the Bone was espe-
pulpi, in order to show their first division. cially White, and less Transparent than
in the clearer Intermediate Tracts.

FIG. 274. FIG. 277.

A View of the External Portion of the \

A Front View of the Upper Surface of the
Tubes of the same Tooth, exhibiting their Tongue, as well as of the Palatine Arch.
\

more minute ramifications, which, for the 1.1. The Posterior Lateral Half Arches, with the
PalatoPharingei Muscles, as also the Tonsils.
most part, turn towards the Crown.
2. The Epiglottis Cartilage, seen from before.
3.3. The Ligament and Mucous Membrane, ex-
tending from the Root of the Tongue to the
FIG. 275.
Base of the Epiglottis Cartilage.
4. One of the Pouches on the side of the Poste-
A View of a small Portion of a Transverse rior Fraenum, in which food sometimes lodges.

Section of the Crown of the Tooth, seen 5. The Foramen C cecum, or Central one of the
j
Papillae Maximae.
in Fig. 268, viewed under a magnifying >

6. Papillae Conicae, or Maximae.

power of 350 times. 7. The white point at the end of the line, and
all like it, are the Papillae Fungiformes.
1.2.3. Are the round openings of the Tubes, with >

8. The Side of the Tongue, and the Rugae

Parieties of a peculiar Substance.
Transversa? of Alhinus.
4.5.(1. Are the Tubes cut more obliquely, in con- !). The Papillae Filliformes.
sequence of their more External Position. 10. Point of the Tongue.
Eage
 FIG. 278. FIG. 2*9.

FIG. 280. FIG. 261.

THE MOUTH.
FIG. 278. FIG. 280.
A View of the Lower Jaw, with the Tongue A View of the Under Surface of the Tongue,
drawn upwards, so as to show its under with the Muscles connected with it.
Surface in situ.
1.1. The Inferior Surface of the Tongue.
I . ? The Posterior Superior Surface of the Tongue,
2.5 with the Papilla; Maxima?. 2. The Os Hyoides.
3. The Opening of the Duct of the Sub-Maxillary 3.3. Origin of Hyo-Glossus Muscle.
Gland, or the Duct of Wharton. 4.4. The Genio-Hyo-Glossus of each side dis-
4. The Sub-Lingual Gland, seen under the Mu- sected off and turned to one side.
cous Membrane of the Mouth.
5.5. The White Central Vertical Septum of the
5. The Lower Jaw.
Tongue.

FIG. 279. FIG. 281.

A View of the Dorsum of the Tongue, from A View of the Muscles of the Tongue, as
WHICH, BY MACERATION, THE PeRIGLOTTIS seen on its Lower Surface.
has bgen removed, and turned back on the
1. Body of the Os Hyoides.
Right Side.
2.2. Styloid Processes of the Temporal Bones.
1. The Sides of the Tongue.
Horizontal
3. Portion of the Stylo-Glossus
2. Its Base.
3. ItsTip or Point. Muscle.
4. The denuded portion of the Tongue, showing 4. The Hyo-Glossus.
the Papillae deprived of the Epidermis or 5. The Genio-Hyo-Glossus held up by a hook
Periglottis. near its origin.
5. The Under Surface of the detached Epidermis,
6. Section of the Glossal Portion of the
showing its depressions. same
6. Foramen Ccecum. Muscle.
7. The Truncated Papilla near it. 7. Its Insertion into the Os Hyoides.
8. The other Papillae, denuded of the Epidermis. 8. The Middle Fissure and Fatty Matter be
9. Impression of the Periglottis around the de- tween the Muscles of each side.
nuded Papillae.
9. The Lingualis.
10. Fraenum to the Epiglottis Cartilage.
11.12. Depressions on the Periglottis, which fits 10. The Transversalis Linguae at the Point of
the Elevations on the Tongue. the Tongue.
93.
 FIG. 282. FIG. 283.

FIG. 284. FIG. 285.

THE MOUTH.
FIG. 282. i 9. Stylo-Glossus Muscle.
A View of a Section of the Anterior Por- l0 - Stylo-Hyoid Muscle.
j

tion of the Tongue, as seen from behind, ll Stylo-Pharyngeus Muscle

-

j
I 12. Os Hyoides
1. The Upper Surface. 13. Thvreo-Hyoid Ligament.
2.2. The Tongue uncovered by the Flpidermis,
14. Thyroid Cartilage.
which is slightly drawn forward. 15. Thyro-Hyoideus Muscle.
3.3. The Verticales Linguae Muscle.
16. Cricoid Cartilage.
4. The Middle Septum. 17. Crico-Thyroid Ligament.
5.5. The Transversales Linguae. 18. Trachea.
6. The Ranine Arteries. 19. Oesophagus.
7. The Glosso Pharyngeal Nerves.
8. The Genio-Hyo-Glossus Muscle of each
FIG. 284.
side.
A Vertical Section of one of the Gusta-
tory Papill/e OF THE LARGEST CLASS, SHOW-
FIG. 293. ING ITS CONICAL FORM, ITS SlDES, AND THE
A Lateral View of the Styloid Muscles, Fissure between the different Papillae.
AND ALSO OF THOSE OF THE TONGUE. The length of some of the divided Blood-
1. Mastoid Portion of Temporal Bone. vessels, a Transverse Section of others,
2.2. Right Half of the Lower Jaw Bone. and the Vessels which rise up from the
3. Upper Surface of the Tongue. SURFACE LIKE LOOPS OR MeSHES, ARE ALSO
4. Genio-Hyoideus Muscle. SHOWN.
5. Genio-Hyo-Glossus Muscle.
FIG. 285.
„' t Hyo-Glossus Muscle.
A View of a Papilla of the smallest class,
8. Anterior Fibres of the Lingualis issuing MAGNIFIED 25 DIAMETERS. The LOOPS OF
from between Hyo-Glossus and Genio-Hyo- Blood-Vessels are here shown, each Loor
Glossus. CONTAINING USUALLY ONLY ONE VESSEL.
 FIG. 28G.
FIG. 268.
FIG. 287.

FIG. 289.
7 8 3 9

MOUTH AND PHARYNX.

FIG. 236. |
21. Mylo-Hyoideus Muscle.
A View of the Roof of the Mouth and of | 2i Attachment of Hyo-Glossus
-

the Soft Palate. 25. Stylo-Pharyngeus, and Thyreo-Hyoid Liga-

ment.
1. The Roof of the Mouth, bounded by the Supe l

i 26. Thyroid Cartilage.

rior Dental Arch.
27. Constrictor Pharyngis Inferior Muscle.
2. The Soft Palate.
5

3. The Velum Pendulum Palati.

4. The Ridges seen on the Roof of the Mouth. FIG. 288.
5. The Tubercle behind the Incisor Teeth. A Posterior View of the Muscles of the
6. The Middle Line of the Hard Palate. Soft Palate, as shown by a section of the
7. Orifices of some of the Mucous Follicles. Cranium through the Glenoid Cavities.
8. The Tonsil. 1. Basilar portion of the Sphenoid Bone.
9. The Pharynx. 2. Condyles of Lower Jaw.
3. Hard Palate.
FIG. 287. 4. Levator Palati, on one side entire, on the
A Front View of the Muscles of the Palate other partially removed.
and of the posterior portion of the pha- 5. Eustachian Tubes.
rynx, as given by a vertical section of the 6. External Pterygoid Muscle.
—
Sphenoidal Sinuses of the space between 7. Circumflexus Palati.
the last Molar Teeth, and of the Tongue, 8. Azygos Uvulae.
Os Hyoides and Thyroid Cartilages. 9. Myloid Attachment of Constrictor Pharyngis
Superior.
1. Sphenoidal Sinuses.
10. Palato-Pharyngeus.
2 2. Petrous portions of the Temporal Bones.
Back part of Antrum Highmorianum.
Middle and Inferior Spongy Bones.
FIG. 289.

Shows the upper portion of the Palatine |

Walls, after the removal of 3 and 4.
6. The Circumflexus Palati Muscle.
7. Constrictor Pharyngis Superior.
8. Part of its Origin.
9. Levator Palati.
10. Anterior face of the posterior extremity of
the middle Suture of the Palate Bones
is the Septum Narium.
11. Palatine portion of Levator Palati.
12. Section of the Buccinator Muscle.
13. Anterior Half Arch.
1 1. Last Molar Tooth of Upper Jaw.
15. Constrictor Isthmi Faucium.
It!. Last Molar of Lower Jaw.
17. Portion of Constrictor Pharyngis Superior,
where the Tonsil rests.
A View Muscles of the Soft Palate,
of the
AS SEEN FROM BELOW AND IN FRONT.
1. The Roof of the Mouth or Hard Palate, sawed
across at the second Molar Tooth.
2. Origin of the Levator Palati Muscle.
3. Its expansion near its insertion.
4. Origin of the Circumflexus or Tensor Palati.
; above 5. The Pterygo Maxillary Ligament, which
converts the notch through which this Mus-
cle plays into a Foramen.
(5.(5. Palatine Aponeurosis.
7. A section of the Constrictor Pharyngis Su-
perior Muscle.
8. Extremity of Azygos Uvulae Muscle.
9. Section of the Eustachian Tube.
FIG. 290.

18. Front portion of the section of the Tongue. A LOBULE OF THE PAROTID GLAND OF AN IN-
19. Constrictor Pharyngis Superior. FANT, INJECTED WITH MERCURY AND MAGNI-
20.23.24. Constrictor Pharyngis Medius. FIED FIFTY DIAMETERS.
Fage :• .
 FIG. 291.

FIG. 292. FIG. 293.

MOUTH AND PHARYNX,

FIG. 291. right side it is in situ ; on the 2. Inferior anterior portion of the
left it is partially turned down- Os Frontis, and Crista Galli
A View op the Salivary wards. of the Ethmoid.
Glands in situ. 10. Azygos Uvulae Muscle. 3. Petrous portion of Temporal
1. The Parotid Gland in situ, and ex- 11. Fibres of the Middle Con- Bones.
tending from the Zygoma above strictor of the Pharynx.
4. Levator Palati Muscle.
to the Angle of the Jaw below. 12. Fibres of the Inferior Con-
5. Constrictor Pharyngis Superior.
2. The Duct of Steno. strictor.
3. The Sub-Maxillary Gland. 13. Portion of Superior Constrictor. 6. Constrictor Pharyngis Medius.
4. ItsDuct. 14. Palato-Pharyngeus. 7. Constrictor Pharyngis Inferior.
5. Sub-Lingual Gland. 15. Its upper portion. 8. Upper part of posterior Face of
16. Its insertion into Thyroid Car- the Lining Membrane of Pha-
tilage, rynx, after removing the Mus-
FIG. 292.
17. The Palato-Pharyngeus of the;
i

cle.
A Posterior View of the In- opposite side.
9. Longitudinal Muscular Fibres
ternal Surface of the Pha- 18. Origin of Palato-Pharyngeus.
of the (Esophagus.
Insertion of Stylo-Pharyngeus.
rynx. A vertical cut has 19.
10. Internal Pterygoid Muscle.
20. Crico-Arytenoideus- Posticus.
BEEN MADE, AND THE PARTS Internal Muscular Coat of the 11. Stylo-Pharyngeus.
21.
TURNED OFF ON EACH SIDE. GCsophagus. |
12. Myloid attachment of the Con-
1. Basilar portion of Sphenoid Bone. < stridor Pharyngis Superior.
2. Section of Temporal Bones. FIG. 293. > 13. Stylo-Hyoideus.
3. Orbitar Plate of Os Frontis.
4. Condyle of Lower Jaw.
A Posterior View of the |
14. Temporal Belly of Digastricus.
5. Constrictor Pharyngis Superior. Muscles of the external 15. Platysma Myodes.
6. The Walls of the Pharynx turn- portion of the Pharynx, ; 16. Sterno-Cleido-Mastoideus.
ed to each side by a section as shown by removing the I 17. Omo-Hyoideus.
through their origin. Back of the Head and Tho- I 18. Sterno-Thyroid Muscle.
7. Cut portion of the Sphenoidal rax. j
19. Sterno-Hyoid.
attachment of the Pharynx. 20. Section of Sterno-Thyroideus.
8. Points to the Eustachian Tube. 1. Basilar portion of the Sphenoid !

On the Bone. 21. Section of the Trapezius Muscle.

9. Circumflex™ Palati. 5

Pr<ge 102.
 Flfi. 294.

FIG. 296.

FIG. 293.

THE MOUTH AND (ESOPHAGUS.

FIG. 294. t
30. Stylo-Pharyngeus.
31. Constrictor Pharyngis Superior.
A View or the Muscles of the Tongue, Pa-
late, Larynx, and Pharynx as well as — ;

\
32. Constrictor Pharyngis Medius.
33. Insertion Stylo-Pharyngeus.
the position of the upper portion of the
34. Constrictor Pharyngis Inferior.
oesophagus, as shown by a vertical sec-
35.36.37. Muscular Coat of Oesophagitis.
TION of the Head.
38. Thyreo-Arytenoid Muscle and Ligaments;
1.1. The Vertical Section of the Head. and above is the Ventricle of Galen.
2. Points to the Spinal Canal. 39. Section of Arytenoid Cartilage.
3. Section of the Hard Palate. 40. Border of Sterno-Hyoideus.
4. Inferior Spongy Bone.
5. Middle Spongy Bone.
6. Right Nostril.
Orifice of the
7. Section of Inferior Maxilla. FIG. 295.
8. Section of Os Hyoides.
9. Section of the Epiglottis.
A View of a portion of the OZsophagus of
an Adult, seen on its outer side.
10. Section of the Cricoid Cartilage.
11. The Trachea covered by its Lining Membrane. 1.1. External or Longitudinal Muscular Fibres.
12. Section of Sternum. 2.2. Internal or Circular Fibres, as shown after
13. Inside of the upper portion of the Thorax. \ the removal of the Longitudinal ones.
14. Genio-Hyo-Glossus Muscle. 3.3. The cut edges of the Longitudinal Fibres,
15. Its origin. \
from which a portion has been removed, so
16.17. The fan-like Expansion of the Fibres of \
as to show the Circular ones.
this Muscle.
18. Superficialis Linguae Muscle.
19. Verticales Linguae Muscle.
20. Genio-Hyoideus Muscle.
FIG. 296.
21. Mylo-Hyoideus Muscle.
A Longitudinal Section of the Oesophagus,
22. Anterior Belly of Digastricus.
NEAR THE PHARYNX, SEEN ON ITS INSIDE.
23. Section of Platysma Myodes.
24. Levator Menti. 1.1. Superior part near the Pharynx.
25. Orbicularis Oris. 2.2. Longitudinal folds of its Mucous Membrane.
26. Orifice of Eustachian Tube. 3.3. Prominences formed by its Muciparous
27. Levator Palati. I Glands.
28. Internal Pterygoid. 4.4. Capillary Blood-Vessels.
29. Section of Velum Pendulum Palati, and 5. Shows the Muscular Coat after the Mucous
Azygos Uvulae Muscle. [
Coat has been turned off.
Page
 FIG 297. FIG. '298.

all
11
if til
mi!

IMS

ABDOMINAL VISCERA,
FIG. 297. 13. A section of the Transverse Colon.
A View op the External Parietes of the 14. A section of the Pancreas.
Abdomen, with the position of the Lines; 15. A section of the Bladder, deprived of the
drawn 10 mark off its regions. Peritoneum.
16. The Rectum, cut off, tied and turned back on
1.1. A line drawn from the highest point of one
the promontory of the Sacrum.
Ilium to the same point of the opposite one.
2.2. A line drawn from the Anterior Superior
17. The Peritoneum covering the anterior Parie-
tes of the Abdomen.
Spinous Process to the Cartilages of the Ribs.
18. The Peritoneum on the inferior under side
3.3. A similar one for the opposite side.
of the Diaphragm.
4.4. A line drawn perpendicularly to these, and
19. The Peritoneum on the Convex side of the
touching the most prominent part of the
Diaphragm.
Costal Cartilages, thus forming nine regions.
20. Reflection of Peritoneum from Diaphragm to
5.5. The Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions,
Liver.
f!. The Epigastric Region. 21. Its Peritoneum on Front of Liver.
7. The Umbilical Region.
22. The same, on its under surface.
8.8. The Right and Left Lumbar Regions.
23. The Hepatico-Gastric Omentum.
9. The Hypogastric Region.
10.10. The Right and Left Iliac Regions.
24. A large pin passed through the Foramen of
Winslow into the Cavity behind the Omentum.
11. The lower part of the Hypogastric, some-
25. The anterior Face of the Hepatico-Gastric
times called Pubic.
Omentum, passing in front of the Stomach.
26. The same Membrane leaving the Stomach to
FIG. 298. make the anterior of the four layers of the
Great Omentum.
A View of the Reflexions of the Perito- 27.28. The junction of the Peritoneum from the
neum, as given by a Vertical Section of front and back part of the Stomach, as they
the Body of a Man. turn to go up to the Colon.
1. A section of the Spinal Column and Canal. 29. The Gastro-Colic, or Greater Omentum.
2. A section of the Sacrum. 30. The separation of its Layers, so as to cover
3. A section of the Sternum, &c. the Colon.
4. The Umbilicus. 31. The posterior Layerpassing over the.Tejtinum.
5. A section of the Linea Alba and Abdominal 32. The Peritoneum in front of the right Kidney.
Muscles. 33. The Jejunum cut off and tied.
6. The Mons Veneris. 34.34. The Mesentery cut off from the small
7. Sectif n of the Pubis. Intestines.
8. The Penis divided at the Corpora Cavernosa. 35. The Peritoneum reflected from the posterior
9. A section of the Scrotum. Parietes of the Bladder to the anterior of the
10. The Superior Right Half of the Diaphragm. Rectum.
11. A section of the Liver. 36. The Cul de Sac between the Bladder and
12. A section of the Stomach, showing its cavity. Rectum.
Pago 104.
 FIG. 299. FIG. 300.

THE VI SCERA.
FIG. 299. |
29. The Spleen.
A View op the Viscera of the Chest and \ 30.30. The large Intestines.
Abdomen, in their natural position, as I
31.31. Parietes of the Abdomen turned down.
given by the removal op the antep.ior
Parietes OP EACH CAVITY.
FIG. 300.
1.2. The Ribs forming the side of the Chest.
3. Fatty tissue in the anterior Mediastinum.
A VIEW OF THE SAME VlSCERA, AFTER THE RE-
4.4. The section of the Pleura of each side. MOVAL of the Fat in the Chest and the
5. The Pericardium enclosing- the Heart. Omentum Majus of th*e Abdomen. The
6. Superior Lobe of the right Lung. Liver also has been turned back to show
its under surface and the Lesser Omen-
7. Inferior Lobe of the right Lung.
8. The Fissure which separates them. tum.
9. Upper Lobe of the left Lung. 1. The great Blood-Vessels of the Heart.
10. Lower Lobe of the left Lunaf. 2. The Lungs of each side.
1 1. Fissure between them. 3. The Heart.
12. A transverse section of the Diaphragm. 4. The Diaphragm.
13. Superior Face of the right Lobe of the Liver 5. Under surface of the Liver.
14. Superior Face of the left Lobe of the Liver, 6. The Gall Bladder.
15. Lower end of the Gall Bladder. 7. Union of the Cystic and Hepatic Ducts to
16. Inferior and anterior Edge of the Liver. form the Ductus Coledichus.
17. Round Ligament of the Liver. 8. Anterior Fare of the Stomach.
18. Suspensory Ligament of the Liver. 9. The Gastro-Hepatic, or lesser Omentum. A
19. Anterior Face of the Stomach. female Catheter has been passed through the
20. Its greater Extremity. Foramen of Winslow, and is seen through
21. Its lesser Extremity. the Omentum.
22. Its lesser Curvature. 10. Gastro-Colic, or greater Omentum, cut off, so
23. Its greater Curvature. as to show the small Intestines.
24. The Pylorus. 11. The Transverse Colon, pushed slightly
25. The Duodenum. downwards.
26. A part of the Gastro-Hepatic Omentum. 12. Its ascending portion, also pushed down.
27.27. The Gastro-Colic Omentum. 13. Small Intestines.
28.28. Convolutions of the small Intestines, seen 14. The Sigmoid Flexure.
through this Omentum. 15. Appendicula Vermiformis.
Page
 fig. mi. FIG. 302.

THE VISCERA.
FIG. 301. 27. Left Lumbar portion of Mesocolon.

A View of the Heart and Intestines in situ. (

28.28. Parietes of the Abdomen turned down.

the Lungs, Trachea, and Omentum Majus, I

HAVING BEEN REMOVED, AND THE COLON TURN- j

FIG. 302.

ED UPWARDS. A View Stomach and Oesophagus, in

op the
their natural position. the thoracic
The Ribs on one side of the Chest.
1.2.
The right Ventricle of the Heart.
—
Viscera nearly all the Diaphragm and
3.
the Intestines have been removed the —
4. The right Auricle of the Heart.
Peritoneum has been detached from the
5. The left Ventricle.
Kidneys, and the Duodenum is left.
6. The left Auricle.
7. The Descending Vena Cava. 1. Upper portion of the CEsophagus.
8.9. Right Subclavian and Vena Innominata. 2. Arch of the Aorta.
10. Arch of the Aorta. 3. Lower portion of the OEsophagus.
11. Arteria Innominata. 4. Vertebral Column.
12. Left Primitive Carotid Artery. 5. Vena Cava Ascendens.
13. Left Subclavian Artery. 6. The Pancreas.
14. Lower portion of the Thyroid Gland. 7. The cut edge of the Diaphragm.
15.15. The Jejunum. 8. Great Cul de Sac of the Stomach.
16.17. The Ileum. 9. Cardiac orifice of the Stomach.
18. One of the Longitudinal Bands of the Colon, 10. Pyloric orifice of the Stomach.
j

19. The Coecum. 11. The Spleen.

20. Appendicula Vermiformis. 12. The Peritoneal Coat of the Stomach par-

21. Ascending Colon. tially turned off.

22. Left end of the transverse Colon. 13. The right Kidney.
23. Descending Colon. 14. Lower curvature of the Duodenum.
24. Sigmoid Flexure. 1 5. Ascending Vena Cava.
25. Transverse Mesocolon. 16. Abdominal Aorta.
26. Ri^ht Lumbar portion of Mesocolon. 17. A section of the Rectum.

Page 106.
 FIG. 393.

FIG. 304. FIG. 305.

THE STOMACH.
FIG. 303. 3. Its greater Extremity, or Cul de Sac.
A Front View of the Stomach, distended by 4 The greater Curvature.
FLATUS, WITH THE PERITONEAL COAT TURNED 5. Line of attachment of the Omentum Majus.
OFF. 6. The Muscular Coat.
1. Anterior Face of the Oesophagus. 7. The anterior cut Edge of the Mucous Coat.
2. The Cul de Sac, or greater Extremity. 8. The Rugae of the Mucous Coat.
3. The lesser or Pyloric Extremity. 9. The lesser Curvature.
4. The Duodenum. 10. The beginning of the Duodenum.
11. Pyloric Orifice, or Valve.
5.5. A portion of the Peritoneal Coat turned back.
C. A portion of the Longitudinal Fibres of the
12. The first turn of the Duodenum downwards.
Muscular Coat.
7. The Circular Fibres of the Muscular Coat.
8. The Oblique Muscular Fibres, or Muscle of
FIG. 305.

Gavard. |
A View of the interior of the Stomach and
9. A portion of the Muscular Coat of the Duo- Duodenum in situ, the inferior portion of
denum, where its Peritoneal Coat has been each having been removed.
removed. 1.1. The under side of the Liver.
|

2. The Gall Bladder.

FIG. 304.
3.3. The lesser Curvature and anterior Faces, as
seen from below.
A View of the Interior of the Stomach, as 4. The Rugae, about the Cardiac Orifice.
given by the removal of its anterior
5. The Pyloric Orifice.
Parietes.
G. The Rugae, and thickness of this Orifice.
1. Oesophagus. 7.7. The Duodenum.
2. Cardiac Orifice of the Stomach. 8. Lower End of the Right Kidney.
107.
 FIG. 300.

PIG. 307.
FIG. 310.

FIG. 309.

FIG. 308. FIG. 311. FIG. 312.

I W^sM
311®
pSfl
9 ££
^ /A f
B zp| ;
-<

THE STOMACH.
Ikl
FIG. 306. FIG. 308. .
linger, magnified about 45
a portion of the stomach and A Portion of the Mucous I
diameters.
Duodenum laid open to show
their interior.
Membuane of the Sto- I 1. Veins filled with white in-
MACH, SHOWING THE En- jection.
1.1. The Right or Pyloric Extre-
trances to the Secreting 2. Arteries injected with red.
mity of the Stomach.
Tubes, in the Cells upon
2.2. The Folds and Mucous Fol- j
its Surface.
licles of the Mucous Coat
FIG. 311.
of the Stomach.
FIG. The Glands the Coats of
in
3. Points into the Pylorus. 309.
|
the Stomach, magnified 45
4. The thickness of the Pylorus. (l.)The apex of an Intestinal
diameters.
5.5. The Rugae of the Internal Villus from the Duodenum i

Coat of the Duodenum. of the Human Female. 1. A Gastric Gland, from the
6. The. Opening of the Ductus (2.) A Mesh of the Vascular middle of the Stomach.
Net-
Communis Choledochus into work. 2. Another, of more complex
the Duodenum. 1. The Net-work. structure, and appearing to

2. Delicate Vesicular Tissue, contain Mucus — from the

FIG. 307. magnified near 45 diameters neighbourhood of the Pylorus.
A Section of the Coats of
the Stomach near the Py-
lorus, showing the Gas- FIG. 310. FIG. 312.
tric Glands. The Vessels of an Intestinal ; One of the Intestinal Villi,
1. Magnified three times. Villus of a Hare, from a with the commencement of
2. Magnified twenty times. drv preparation by dol a Lacteal.
Page 106.
 FIG. 313. FIG. 314.

FIG 315. FIG. 317. FIG. 316.

'
'"' '•
•
•'
'

0M&
FIG. 318. FIG. 319.

THE INTESTINAL CANAL

FIG. 313. inflation of the Sub-Mucous 1.1. Valvulae Conniventes.
a vlew of the muscular coat Cellular Tissue. 2.2. The Summits of two of the
of the Ileum. Valvular placed side by side.
The Peritoneal Coat.
FIG. 315. The Villi cover the whole Mem-
A portion of this Coat turn- a portion the mucous
of brane, but are best seen on its
ed off and showing a por- Coat of the small Intes- edges in this cut.
tion of the Longitudinal Fi- tines as altered in Fever.
bres of the Muscular Coat The Follicles of Lieber-
adherent to it. kuhn being filled with a FIG. 319.
3.4. The Circular Muscular Fi- white tenacious mucus.
A Longitudinal Section of
bres in different parts of
the End of the small In-
the Intestine. FIG. 316.
testines, or Ileum, and of
One of the Conglomerate
FIG. 314. Glands of Brunner, from ;
the beginning of the large
A PORTION OF THE JEJUNUM, IN- the commencement of the j
Intestines, or Colon.
VERTED, DISTENDED AND DRIED. Duodenum. Magnified an 1.1. A portion of the Ascending
hundred times.
1. The Sub-Mucous Cellular Colon.
Tissue distended by the in- 2.2. The Ccecum, or Caput Coli.
flation.
FIG. 317.
3.3. Lower portion of the Ileum.
2. The Cellular Tissue of the A View of one of the Glan- 4.4. The Muscular Coat, covered
Mesentery close to the In- dolje Majores Simplices of I by the Peritoneum.
testine. the large Intestine, as seen 5.5. The Cellular and Mucous
3.3. The Peritoneal Coat. from above, and also in a \
Coats.
1. The Muscular Coat. Section. G.6. Folds of the Mucous Coat at
5. The Union of the Perito- this end of the Colon.
neal and Muscular Coats. FIG. 318. 7.7. Prolongations of the Cellular
6. The Mucous or Villous A Longitudinal Section of Coat into these Folds.
Coat. the Upper Part of the Je- 8.8. Ileo-Colic Valve.
7.7.7. Valvulae Conniventes, seen junum EXTENDED UNDER WA- y.9. The Union of the Coats of
thus in consequence of the TER. the Ileum and Colon.
\

i- ige 10 0.
 FIG. 320.

FIG. 322.

FIG. 323. FIG. 324.

w*

THE INTESTINAL CANAL.

FIG. 320. a Woman who was drowned shortly after
A View of a Longitudinal Section op the eating. The
Villi are filled with Chyle
Ileum, extended under Water. The Vil- and appear as small cylindrical prolon-
liand Mucous Follicles, known as the GATIONS, CURVED TOWARDS THEIR FREE EX-
Glands of Bruner, are well seen. The \ TREMITY.
Follicles are rendered more apparent by >

their being indurated, and their Orifices

FIG. 323.
seen at the surface of the intestine,
There are no Valvule Conniventes in
j

;
A PORTION OF ONE OF THE PATCHES OF PEYER's
this piece. ( Glands from the end of the Ileum, highly
MAGNIFIED. The VlLLI ARE ALSO SEEN.
FIG. 321.
A View of a portion of the Ileum with the
Veins injected. FIG. 324.

1. The Intestine. j
A View of a Longitudinal Section of the
2. The Mesentery. j
Jejunum, showing the Villi as seen under
( the Microscope.
1.1. The Terminal Orifices of the Villi.
A View of portion of two of the Valvule
a 2.2. The Internal Coats of the Intestine.
Conniventes with their Villi, taken from j 3. The Peritoneal Coat.
Page 110.
 FIG. 325. FIG. 326.

FIG. 328.

FIG. 327.

THE INTESTINAL CANAL.

FIG. 325. 2. The Left Lumbar Portion of FIG. 327.
A View —
of the Ccecum after the Mesocolon.
$

A View of the Muscular Coat

IT HAS BEEN DISTENDED —
DRIED 3. The Transverse Mesocolon.
of the Colon, as seen after
AND LAID OPEN IN FRONT. 4. The Right Lumbar Mesoco-
the removal of he Perito-
i
1. The Ascending Colon. lon.
neum.
2. One of the Cells of the Colon. 5. The Union of the Mesocolon
3. The Ileo-Colic Valve. with the Mesentery. 1.1. One of its three Bands of
4. The Opening into the Appen- 6. The Mesentery. Longitudinal Muscular Fi-
dieula Vermiformis. bres.
i.l. The Folds of the Mesentery
5. Appendicula Vermiformis. 2.2. The Circular Fibres of the
cut off from the small Intes-
6. A Section of the Lower End tines.
Muscular Coat.
of the Ileum.
Lower End of the Ileum.
8.
The Ccecum.9. FIG. 328.
FIG. 326. 10.10. The Ascending Colon.
A View of the Mesocolon in 1. The Transverse Colon.
1
A View of the Longitudinal
its connexion with the Me- Muscular Fibres of a Sec-
sentery, AS WELL AS THE CON- 12. The Descending Colon. tion of the Rectum.
nexions of the Colon with 13. The Sigmoid Flexure.
j

—
the Mesocolon the Open- 14. The Anterior Muscular Band
1. Termination of the Sigmoid
Flexure in the Rectum.
ing of the Ileum into the of the Colon.
2. Upper Portion of the Rectum.
CffiCUM, AND THE PASSAGE OF 15. The Duodenum, passing
3. )The three Bands of Longitu-
the Duodenum from the Su- from the Superior to the In-
4.> dinal Fibres of the Colon
perior to the Inferior Pa kt ferior Portion of the Abdo-
5. ) continued upon the Rectum.
of the Abdomen. men. f>. The Longitudinal Muscular
I. The Peritoneum of the Lum- 16. The Colon ending in the Fibres of the Rectum formed
bar Region, and the Origin of; Rectum. by the expansion of those of
the Left Lumbar Mesocolon. 17. Section of the Ileum. the Colon.

Page 111.
 FIG. 329. TIG. 330.

THE INTESTINAL CANAL.

FIG. 329. FIG. 330. FIG. 331.
A View of the Position and A View of a Portion of the A Vertical Section of the
Curvatures OF THE LARGE J

Parietes of the Anus, with

Rectum, cut off longitudi-
Intestines. the Rectum, so as to show
^ nally and extended under
1. The End of the Ileum. the relation of the rectal
> WATER.
2. Appendicula Vermiformis. Pouches to the surround-
3. The Ccecum, or Caput Coli. ,' 1.1. A Portion of the Perineum. ing Parts, their Orifices
4. The Transverse Colon. j
2.2. The Anus laid open. being marked by Bristles.
5. The Descending Colon. j
3.3. The Folds and Doublings 1.1. Columns of the Rectum.
6. The Sigmoid Flexure. of the Mucous Coat. 2.2. Rudiments of Columns.
7. Commencement of Rectum. 4.4. Orifices of the Mucous Fol-
3. Section of Internal Sphincter.
8.8. The Rectum. 4. Section of External Sphincter.
9. The Anus. —The Levator- licles. 5.5. Radiated Folds of the Skin on
the Surface of the Nates,
Ani Muscle is seen on each > 5.5. The Mucous Lacunas, or
fi. Imperfect Pouches.
side. I Pouches near the Anus. 7. Bristles in the Rectal Pouches.

Page 112.
 FIG. 332. FIG. 333.

FIG. 334. FIG. 335.

MINUTE ANATOMY OF MUCOUS COAT.

FIG. 332. On an average, about Two Hundred and Twenty-

A View or the Follicles of the Colon, mag- Five are found upon every square of an eighth of
nified ABOUT 115 TIMES. an inch, which, by calculation from this prepara-

In the Mucous Coat of the Alimentary Ca-

tion, would give One Million Two Hundred and
Ninety-Six Thousand Follicles to the entire Sto-
nal is to be found a Cribriform Texture of Veins,
mach.
almost without an Artery. The fine Venous
Trunks of a deeper Layer have their originating
FIG. 334.
extremities directed vertically towards the cavity
A View of the Follicles and Villi of the
of the Gut, and the meshes of the Venous Inter- i
Jejunum, highly magnified.
texture are exceedingly minute, producing in the
The Villi, being erected by injection, here run
Colon an appearance resembling a plate of metal \
into each other and press one upon another like
pierced with round holes closely bordering on
the convolutions of the Cerebrum. Some of them
each other. These holes are the Follicles of^
are merely semi-oval plates, the Transverse
Lieberkuhn, are gaping Orifices, the Edges of Diameter of which exceeds the length or
j eleva-
which are rounded off, and their depth is that of tion. The Follicles are seen between them and
)

the thickness of the Venous Anatomosis. The \

at their Bases.
aggregate number of these Follicles in the Colon, >

is estimated at Nine Million Six Hundred and ; FIG. 335.

Twenty Thousand. > A View of the Villi and Follicles of the
Ileum, highly magnified.
FIG. 333. These Villi are curved with their Edges bent
A View of the Folds and Follicles of the in, or concave ; but there
is, in the whole Canal,

Stomach, highly magnified. every variety of shape, from oblong, curved and
In the Stomach the Follicles vary much in size, serpentine Ridgps, to the laterally flattened Cone
j

and many of the smaller ones open into the larger. ;

standing on its Base.
F:iga
 FIG. 336.

FIG. 337.

FIG. 338.

MINUTE ANATOMY OF THE MUCOUS COAT.

FIG. 336. tween the projections or Villi : these are the Fol-

A MAGNIFIED VlEWOFTHE FaVOUS DEPRESSIONS licles of Lieberkuhn.

of the Mucous Coat op the Stomach, and

the Muciparous Glands. FIG. 338.

A Section of the small Intestine containing

SOME OF THE GLANDS OF PEYER, AS SHOWN
FIG. 337.
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE.
A Section of the Ileum, inverted so as to
These Glands appear to be small Lenticular Ex-
show the appearance and arrangement of cavations, containing, according to Bcehm, a white,
the Villi on an extended Surface, as well rnilky and rather thick Fluid, with numerous round
as the Follicles of Lieberkuhn; the whole Corpuscules of various sizes, but mostly smaller
<

than Blood Globules. The Meshes seen in the

seen under the microscope.
Cut are the ordinary tripe-like Folds of the Mu-
A close examination of this Cut, will show a !
cous Coat, and not the Venous Texture spoken
great number of black points in the spaces be- j of under the Follicles.

Page 114.
 FIG. 339. FIG. 340.

FIG. 341.

FIG. 342. FIG. 343.

V^'2
THE LIVER.
FIG. 339. 3 Its Anterior, Inferior or Thin J 25. Lobulus Spigelii.
A View of a portion of the Margin. 26. Lobulus Caudatus.
Peritoneum covering the 4 Thick or Dia-
Its Posterior, 27. Inferior Vena Cava.
Liver, with its Capillary phragmatic Portion. 28. Curvature of Liver to fit the
Vessels Injected. 5 The Right Extremity. Ascending Colon.
6 The Left Extremity.
. 29. Depression to fit the Right
7 The Notch on the Anterior
. Kidney.
FIG. 340.
I

Margin. 30. Upper portion of its Right

A View of the Liver in Sitd, The Umbilical or Longitudi-
. Concave Surface over the Re-
together with the parts nal Fissure. nal Capsule.
adjoining, in a new-born in- 9 , The Round Ligament or re- 31. Portion of Liver uncovered
FANT. mains of the Umbilical Vein. by the Peritoneum.
1.1. The Integuments of the Ab- 10 The Portion of the Suspen- 32. Inferior Edge of the Coronary
domen turned back. sory Ligament in connexion Ligament in the Liver.
2.2. The Thoracic Surface of a with the Round Ligament. 33. Depression made by the Ver-
Section of the Diaphragm. 11. Pons Hepatitis, or Band of tebral Column.
3. Anterior Face of the Right Liver across the Umbilical
Lobe of the Liver. Fissure. FIG. 342.
4. The Left Lobe. 12. Posterior End of Longitudi- A View of the Connexion of
5. The Suspensory Ligament. nal Fissure. the Lobules of the Liver
6. The Round Ligament. Attachment of the Oblite- with the Hepatic Vein.
13.
7. Point of Origin of the Co- ! rated Ductus Venosus to
11.
the Ascending Vena Cava.
1. Trunk of the Vein.
ronary Ligament.
15. Transverse Fissure. 2.2. Lobules depending from its
8. The Spleen.
it;. Section of the Hepatic Duct.
Branches like leaves on a
9. Section of the Stomach.
tree, the centre of each being
10. Upper portion of the Colon. 17. Hepatic Artery.
Branches. occupied by a venous twig
18. Its
the Intra-Lobular Vein.
19. Vena Portarum.
FIG. 341. 20. Its Sinus, or Division into
Right and Left Branches. FIG. 343.
The Inferior or Concave Sur- Fibrous remains of the Duc-
•21 1. Nucleated Cells composing
face of the Liver, showing tus Venosus. the Parenchyma of the Gland.
its Subdivisions into Lobes. 22 Gall Bladder. Lobules of Human
| 2. Liver with
1. Centre of the Right Lobe. \
23. Its Neck. Ramifications of the Hepatic
2. Centre of the Left Lobe. $ 21. Lobulus Quartus. Vein.
 FIG 344. FIG. 347.

FIG. 348.

-¥
^wmr- r -

FIG. 346.
FIG. 349.

THE LIVER AND GALL BLADDER

FIG. 344. FIG. 346. FIG. 348.
A Horizontal Section of Angular Lobules in a state Shows the three Coats of
three superficial Lobules of Anemia as they appear the Gall -Bladder sepa-
of the Liver, showing the on the External Surface rated from each other.
two principal Systems of 1 The External or Peritoneal Coat.
.
of the Liver.
I

Blood- Vessels, 2. The Cellular Coat wilh its ves-

1.1. Intra-Lobular Veins proceeding

1. The Surface. sels injected.

2. Inter-Lobular Spaces. 3. The Mucous Coat covered with

from the Hepatic Veins. Wrinkles.
3. Inter-Lobular Fissures.
2.2. Intra-Lobular Plexus formed by 4.4. Valves formed bv this Coat in
4. Intra-Lobular Veins occupying the Neck of the Gall-Blndder.
branches of the Portal Veins.
the Centres of the Lobules. 5.5. Orifices of the Mucous Follicles
5. Smaller Veins terminating in the at this point.
FIG. 345. central Veins.
A Horizontal Section of two FIG. 349.

Superficial Lobules, show- FIG. 347. A View of the Gall-Bladdek

Distended with Air, and
ingthe Intra-Lobular Plex- A View of the Rounded Lob-
j

with its Vessels Injected.

us of Biliary Ducts. ules IN THE FIRST STAGE OF
1. Cystic Artery.
1 I. Intra-Lobular Veins. Hepatic Venous Conges- 2. The Branches of it which supply
2.2. Trunks of Biliary Ducts, pro- tion as they appear on the the Peritoneal Coat of the Liver.
ceeding from the Plexus which Surface of the Liver. 3. The Branch of the Hepatic Ar-
tery which goes to the Gail-Blad-
traverses the Lobules. 1.1. The Lobules. der.
3. Inter-Lobular Tissue. 2.2. Inter-Lobular Spaces and Fis- 4. The Lymphatics of the Gall-
4. Parenchyma of the Lobules. sures. R ladder.
rage 11G.
 FIG. 351. FIG. 350. FIG. 352.

vw^^ i,m
m

FIG. 354

.«!

THE SPLEEN AND PANCREAS.

FIG. 350. FIG. 352 3. Branches coming from the Sub-
stance of the Spleen.
A View ok the Roots, Trunk is
Shows the Internal Face of 4. A small Mesenteric Vein cut off.
AND DIVISIONS OF THE VENA the Spleen where it touch- 5. Branches coming from the Exter-
PoRTARUM. es the Stomach. nal Coat of the Spleen.
6. Branches of the Lymphatic Ves-
1.1. The Veins coming from the In- 1. Superior Extremity. sels of the Spleen.
testines.
2. Interior Extremity.
3. Posterior Part of the Concave
2. Trunk of the Vena Portarurn.
Face.
FIG. 354.
3.3. Branches as distributed in the 4. Anterior Part of the same. An Anterior View of the
Liver. 5. Fissure of the Spleen. Pancreas, Spleen and Duo-
6. Splenic Artery. denum with their Blood-
7. Splenic Vein.
vessels Injected.
FIG. 351 .8. Anterior Edge of the Spleen.
9.9. Its Posterior Edge. 1. The Spleen.

Represents the Convex or Ex- 2. Its Diaphragmatic Extremity.

3. Its Inferior Portion.
ternal Face of the Spleen!
FIG. 353 4. The Fissure for its Vessels.
or the side which corre- 5. The Pancreas.
SPONDS to the Diaphragm. Represents the Splenic Vein 6. Its Head, or the Lesser Pancreas.
1. Its Superior Extremity. with us Branches and Ra- 7. Duodenum.
mifications. 8. Coronary Arteries of the Sto-
2. Its Inferior Extremity.
mach.
3.3. Anterior Edge. 1. Trunk of the Vein. 9. The Hepatic Artery.
4.4. Posterior Edge. 2. Gastric Branch of this Vein com- 10. The Splenic Artery.
5.5. Its Convex Surface. ing from the Stomach. 1 1. The Splenic Vein.

Fag« 117.
 fig. ar >c>. FIG. 355. FIG 357.

THE KIDNEYS AND RENAL CAPSULES.

FIG. 355. i 16. Its Internal Extremity. 5. Three smallerInferior Calices.
17. The Fissure on the Anterior 6. Alarger Calix formed by the
A View of the Urinary Or- s

Face of the Capsule. union of these and opening into

gans in Situ. the Pelvis.
The Kidneys. 7. Opening of 3 and 4.
1.1. FIG. 357.
2.2. The Capsulae Renales. 8. Origin of the Ureter.
The Ureters in their course to A Front View of the Left 9. The Ureter.
3.3.
—
,

the Bladder, and their relations I

Kidney. The Numbers
Blood- Vessels.
to the point to the same parts of FIG. 360.
4. Bladder distended with Urine.
5. The Rectum.
;

the Gland as in the pre- A Section of the Right Kid-

ceding Cut. ney surmounted by the Re-
<>. The Emulgent Arteries.
7. The Abdominal Aorta. nal Capsule.
8. Its Division into the Iliacs. > FIG. 358. 1. Supra-Renal Capsule.
9. The Primitive Iliacs at the point
j A Portion of the Surface of ]
2. Cortical Portion.
where the Ureters cross them. 3. Medullary or Tubular.
the Kidney seen through !

the Microscope. ! 4. Two of the Calices receiving the

FIG. 356. Apex, of their corresponding
1. Superficial Veins forming a net- Cones.
View of the Right Kidney work on the Surface. 5. The Infundibula.
with its Renal Capsule. 2. The Capillary Vessels that these ! 6. The Pelvis.
. Anterior Face of the Kidney. Veins receive from the Cortical 7. The Ureter.
. External or Convex Edge. Substance of the Kidney.
. Its Internal Edge. 3. Areola formed on the Surface by FIG. 361.
Hilum Renale. the Superficial Veins.
.

Extremity of the Kidney. 4. Smaller Veins forming Stars over

A Vertical Section of the
Inferior
,

Pelvis of the Ureter. this Surface. Left Kidney.

Ureter. 1. Cortical or Vascular Structure.
? Superior and Inferior Branches FIG. 359. 2. Pyramids of Malpighi or Tubular
5 of the Emulgent Artery. A View of the Pelvis of the Structure.
3. Papillae or Apices of Pyramids.
7 The three Branches of the Ureter with the Calices. 4. Terminations of other Papillae in
3 Emulgent Vein. 1.1. Two small Calices at the Up- Infundibula.
Anterior Face of the Renal Cap- per Portion. 5. Calices.
sule. 2. A larger Calix formed by the 6. The three Infundibula.
Its Superior Edx,v. union of the two preceding. 7. Pelvis of the Ureter.
[ts Rxternnl Rase. '. I Tun other ( 'alices. 8. The Ureter.
 FIG. 362.

1
1
iff

MINUTE STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY.

FIG. 362. 12. Prolongations of the Tubu- Points to theTubes of Bellini.
7.7.
A Section of one op the Pyra- lar portion. of the Papilla;.
8. One
mids of Malpighi, and of 13. Tortuous Tubes, or those of 9.10. Two other Papilla5 uncut ,

itscorresponding Cortical Ferrien. but deprived of the Calices

Substance, as seen under 14. Straight Tubes, or those of that surrounded them.
the Microscope. Bellini. 11. One of the Foveolae in the
15. Vessels which wind between Papilla.
1. Portion of the Surface of the
them. 12.12. The Vascular Circle sur-
Kidney.
16. Course of the Uriniferous rounding the Papillae.
2. From this Figure up to 1, is
Tubes in theTubular portion. 13. Circumference of the Tubu-
the Cortical Substance of the
17. The matter between these lar portion.
Kidney.
Tubes. 14. External Surface of the Kid-
3. From 2 to this number is the
18. Bifurcation of the Straight ney.
Tubular portion.
Tubes. 15. The portion of its External
4. The Foveola.
19. Sections of these Tubes. Surface on a Line with its
5.(3. Arteries and Veins ramifying
20. Their Orifices. Fissure.
through the Kidney.
7. Arteries to the Acini of the
Kidney. FIG. 3G3. FIG. 364
8. Capillary Extremities of A View of Half
Kidney m-
a i
Represents the Half of a
Veins anastomosing with cor- video Vertically from its I Kidney divided Vertically,
responding Arterioles. Convex to its Concave ;
and with its Ahteries in-
9. Tortuous Extremities of the Edge. One of its Extre- j
jected. The Matter has
Arteries directed into the In- mities is perfect. also passed into the Ex-
terior of the Gland. 1.1. The Lobes which form the
'

cretory Ducts.
10. Bases of the Cones of the Kidney. 1.2. Branches of the Emulgent Ar-
Cortical and Pyramidal Sub- 2.2. The Lines of Separation of; tery.
stance of the Kidney. From these Lobes. 3 3. Hilum Renale.
10 to 4 is a collection of these 3. The Cortical Substance. I 4. Cortical Substance, asessentially
formed by the Capillary Termi-
Cones. 1.5. The Pyramids of Malpighi.
nations of the Vessels of the
11. The Envelope of the Cortical 6. The Hilnin Renale split up Kidney.
Layer. and cleared of its Vessels. 5. Medullary or Tubular portion.
Page 110.
 FIG. 365

FIG. 3(i6. FIG. 367.

MINUTE STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY.

FIG. 365. FIG. 366. FIG. 368.

A SMALL PORTION OF THE KlD- Portion of the Kidney of a Extremity of one of the Tu-
5

buli Uriniferi from the Kid-

>,

NEY MAGNIFIED ABOUT SIXTY new-born Infant. Natural ney of an Adult, showing>

TIMES. Size. 5 its Tesselated Epithelium.

< Magnified 250 Diameters.
1. Ccecal Extremity of a Tu- 1.1. Corpora Malpighiana as dis-
bulus Uriniferus. persed Points in the Corti- FIG. 369.
2.2. Recurrent Loops of Tubuli.
cal Substance. Corpora Wolffiana as shown
3.3. Bifurcations of Tubuli. in the Embryo of Birds,
2.2. Papilla.
*') Tubuli converging towards with the Kidney and Testes.
1. Kidney.
g" ( the Papilla.
FIG. 367. 2.2. Ureters.
(-Corpora Malpighiana seen 3. Corpus Wolfnanum.
7.7. I to consist of Plexuses of A smaller Part, magnified. 4. Its Excretory Duct.
7.7.] Blood-Vessels, connected
1.1. Corpora Malpighiana.
5.5. Testicles. —
On the top of the
I with a Capillary net-work. Figure are seen the Supru-
8. Arterial Trunk. •2. Tubuli Uriniferi. Renal Capsules.

Pa«e 120.
 FIG. 370.

FIG. 372.

THE BLADDEP, AND UE.ETHF.A.

FIG. 370. .
Urethra with its Erectile Tis- i 10. Vas Deferens of the same
sue. Side.
The Bladder and Urethra op ;

19. Cut Edges of the Corpora |

11.11. The Lateral Lobes of the
a man, laid open in its whole ;
Cavernosa. Prostate Gland.
LENGTH. 20. Cut Edges oftheGlans Penis. 12. Muscular Fibres which run
21. Prepuce dissected off. on the Sides of the Prostate.
1.1 The Bladder, cut open by a 22. Internal Surface of the Ure- 13. Other Fibres on its Anterior.
crucial Incision and the four thra laid open. 14. The Urethra tied with a Cord.
Flaps separated. 23. Outer Surface of Corpora
, The Ureters.
Cavernosa.
Their Vesical Orifices. 21.25. Accelerator Urinee Muscle. FIG. 372.
Uvula Vesicae. The Trian- 26.27. Erector Penis Muscles.
Another Urinary Bladder
,

gle formed by the Points at

3.4 is the Vesicle Triangle.
distended with and
Air,
Superior Fundus of the Blad-
FIG. 371. showing a different ar-
der. A Three-Q,uarter View of RANGEMENT of the Muscular
the Urinary Bladder, dis- Fibres.
Bas Fond of the Bladder.
The smooth Centre of the tended with Air and show- 1. Neck of the Bladder.
Vesical Triangle. ing its Muscular Fibres. 2. Two Bands of Fibres on the
Verumontanum or Caput Gal- 1.1. The Bladder. Anterior and External Faces
linaginis. 2. Urachus. of the Bladder, running up to
Orifice of the Ductus Ejacu- 3. Two Planes of Longitudinal its top, and answering to those
latorius. Muscular Fibres on the An- marked 3, in Fig. 371.
Depression near the Veru- terior and External Portion 3. Urachus raised up on the sum-
montanum. of the Bladder. mit of the Bladder.
Ducts from the Prostate 4. A Band of Fibres separat- 4. Inferior Fundus.
Gland. ing from these and running 5. Right Ureter surrounded by
1 3. Lateral Lobes of the Pros- upwards and outwards. Muscular Fibres.
tate Gland. 5. Muscular Fibres which form 6. Very strong Muscular Fibres
Prostatic Portion of the Ure- Loops on the Posterior Sur- running upwards to lose them-
thra ; just above is the Neck face of the Bladder. selves under No. 2.
of the Bladder. 6.7. Other Muscular Fibres form- 7. Other strong Fibres intercross-
15. Its Membranous Portion. ing a Layer between the Ex- ing with these.
16. One of Couper's Glands. ternal and the Internal. 8. Fibres passing from the Neck
17. The Orifices of their Excre- 8. Left Ureter. and Inferior Fundus to the Su-
tory Ducts. 9. Left Portion of the Vesiculae perior Fundus.
18. Section of the Bulb of the Seminalis. 9. Internal Layer of Fibres.

Page 121.
 FIG. 373.

FIG. 374. FIG. 375.

THE G-ENITO-URINARY ORGANS.

FIG. 373. 6. Bulb of the Urethra. FIG. 375.

A View of the Sphincter Ap- 7. A Vertical Section of the A Side View of the Viscera
paratus of the Neck of the Urethra. of the Pelvis, showing the
Bladder, as described in 8. Membranous Portion of the Bladder and its surround-
Vol. II., p. 94, Horner's Spe- Urethra. ing Parts.
cial Anatomy. 1843. 9. Prostate Gland. 1. Symphysis Pubis.
10. Left Seminal Vesicle. 2. The Bladder.
1.1. Orifice of the Neck of the
11. Left Vas Deferens. 3. The Recto- Vesical Fold of
Bladder.
12. Left Ureter. the Peritoneum.
2.2. Orifices of the Ureters.
4. The Ureter.
3.3. The Triangular Muscle un- 13. Urinary Bladder, emptied
and flattened.
5. The Vas Deferens.
der the Vesical Triangle.
6. Vesicula Seminalis of the
1.4. The Crescentic Muscular 14. Tendon of the Rectus Abdo-
Right Side.
Fibres at the Neck of the minis.
7. Section of the Prostate Gland.
Bladder. 15. Right Pyramidalis Muscle.
8. Section of the Neck of the
5. The Transverse Fasciculus 16. Peritoneum.
Bladder.
of Muscular Fibres. 17. Section of the Psoas Magnus.
9. Prostatic Portion of Urethra.
18. Section of the Uiacus Inter- 10. Membranous Portion.
nus. 11. Corpus Spongiosum.
FIG. 374. 19. Gluteus Minimus. 12. Anterior Ligament of the
20. Gluteus Medius. Bladder.
A Side View of the Position
21. Gluteus Maximus. 13. Rectal End of the Pelvic
of the Urinary Bladder,
22. Section of the Pyriformis. Fascia.
Prostate and Vesiculje Se-
23. Musculus Ischio Coccygeus. 14. Space between the Deep and
minales, in the Cavity of I

24. Obturator Internus. Pelvic Fascia.

the Pelvis. I

15. Triangular Ligament.

j
25. Last Bone of the Coccyx.
1. Symphysis Pubes. 16. One of Couper's Glands.
< 26. Gluteus Maximus.
2. Section of the Ilium. 17. Continuation of Superficial
< 27. Right Ramus of the Pubis.
3. A Section of the Left Corpus Perineal Fascia.
> 28. Sigmoid Flexure of the Co-
Cavernosum. 18. Scrotum.
Ion.
4. AVertical Section of both of
j

29. Rectum.
19. Deep Fascia prolonged to the
the Corpora Cavernosa.
\
Rectum.
5. Ligamentum Suspensorium of 30. Anus. 20. Portion of the Levator Ani.
the Penis. \ 31. External Sphincter Muscle. 21.22. Course of Deep Fascia.

Page 122.
 FIG. a?6. PIG. 379. FIG. 382.

THE PENIS.
FIG. 376. nal Cellular Mem- i
19.
20.
Right Vesicula Seminalis.
Vas Deferens.
Glans Penis.
Orifice of the Urethra.
A View of the Glans Pe- brane. I

21. Rectum covered by the Pel-

!
Fossa Naviculars.
1. Fibrous Coat of the Corpora vic Fascia.
nis Injected. Corpus Spongiosum Urethra-
Cavernosa. '22. Portion of the Levator Ani
1.1, Portions of the Corpora Ca- 2. Corpora Cavernosa. Muscle.
Anienor Portion of the Sep-
vernosa. 3. Their Septum. 23. Sphincter Ani.
tum Pectiniforme.
2. The Prepuce turned back. 4. Corpus Spongiosum Urethras. 24. Space between the Deep and Its Posterior Portion.
3. lis Froenum. 5. Canal of the Urethra. Superficial Perineal Fascia. Bulbous portion of theUrethra.
4.4. Glandulffi Odorifera; Tysoni. G. Internal Filaments of the Cor- Bulb of the Corpus Spongio-
5. Point of the Glans Penis. pora Cavernosa which pass sum.
6. Prominences of the Glans on from the Median Septum to
each side of the Froenum. the External Fibrous Mem- 380. FIG. Posterior End of the Corpus
Cavernosum.
7. The Furrow which separates
the Sides of the Glans.
! brane. A View of the Septum
Corona Glandis. Pectiniforme of the
8.
FIG. 379. Corpora Spongiosa. FIG. 383.
A Side View of the Vis- 1. Course of the Urethra. The Vesiculje Semina-
FIG. 377. cera of the Male Pel- 2. Glans Penis. les, Bladder and Pros-
3. Vena Oorsalis Penis.
The Penis deprived of vis in Situ, as given
4. Posterior Portion of the Sep-
tate, the Right Semi-
its Skin, distended, by a Vertical Section tum. nal Vesicle only is
dried and seen on its through the Bones of 5. Comblike Processes of Sep- opened, the Left is in-
Inferior Surface. the Pelvis. tum Pectiniforme. jected AND DISTENDED.
1. Surface of the Cellular Mem- 1. Section of the Pubis. 1. The Urinary Bladder,
2. Section of the Sacrum. The Posterior Longitudinal
brane of the Penis separated
from the Skin. 3. Body of the Bladder. FIG. 381. 2.
Layer of Muscular Fibres.
2.
3.
The Corpora Cavernosa.
Septum Pectiniforme as seen
4.
5.
lis Fundus.
The Base of the Bladder.
A View of the Arteries 3. The Prostate Gland.

from behind. 6. The Ureter. of the Penis Injected. 4. Membranous Portion of the
Urethra.
4. Urethra, surrounded by the 7. The Keck of the Bladder. The Penis is distend- 5. The Ureters.
Ilorpora Cavernosa. 8. Pelvic Fascia. ed and dried. 6. Blood-Vessels.
5. Internal Surface of the Skin. •J. Prostate Gland.
1.2 3. Represent the same parts 7. Right Vas Deferens.
6. Glans Penis. 10. Membranous Portion of the <
as in the previous Figure. 8. Left Vas Deferens.
7. Thickness of the Cellulur Urethra.
4. Arteria Dorsalis Penis. 0. Right Seminal Vesicle
Membrane as shown in a Sec- 11. Triangular Ligament. in its

tionof the Penis. 12. One of Couper's Glands. >

5.6. Deep Arteries of the Cor- Natural Position.
The Bulb of the Corpus Spon- pora Cavernosa giving off 10. Ductus EjHctilatorius of Ibe
8. Fibrous Membrane of the Cor- 13. S

giosum. Branches to these Bodies. Right Side traversing the Pros-

pora Cavernosa. I
14. Body of Corpus Spongiosum. tate Gland.
J
15. End Corpus Cavcrnosum. 5
ol 11. Left Seminal Vesicle injected
FIG. 378. 16. Sigmoid Flexure of theColon.j FIG. 382. wilh wax and dissected out.
Recto Vesical Fold of the 12. Blind Pouches of Vesiculse.
A the Penis
Sei iio.v of
17.
Peritoneum.
.

A Vertical Section of 13. Oiher Appendages.

\TED, DRIED. AND 18. Mu-cular Fibres of the Rec-
]
the Penis a-\d Ure- 14. Left Ductus Ejaculaiorius
<
DEPRIVED OF [TsEXTEK- thra. traversing the Prostate
 FIG. 381.

FIG. 385.

THE MALE PERINEUM.

FIG. 384. FIG. 385.
|

A View of the Muscles of the Perineum of j

A View of the Interior of the Pelvis, as
the Male. Only one side is numbered. seen from above.
1. Ascending Ramus of the Ischium. 1. Symphysis Puhes.
2. Tuber lschii. j
2. Ileo Pectineal Protuberance.
3. Posterior Face of the Coccyx. 3. A Section of the Body of the Ilium.
4. Portion of the Great Sacro-Sciatic Ligament. 4. Obturator Intemus freed from the Pelvic
5. Musculus Accelerator Urinae. Fascia.
(». Erector Penis Muscle. 5. Pyriformis Muscle.
7. Transversus Perinei. 6. Ischio Pubic Bands of the Pelvic Fascia.
8. Sphincter Ani. 7. Part of the Levator Ani Muscle.
9. Levator Ani. 8. The Portion of the Fascia of the opposite
10. Musculus Coccygeus. side which covers it.

11. Section of the Gluteus Magnus. 9. Lesser Sacro-Sciatic Ligament.

12. Adductor Longus. 10. Spine of the Ischium.
13. Adductor Brevis. 11. Opening for the Obturator Vessels.
14. Adductor Magnus. 12. Openings for the Sacral Plexi of Nerves and
15. Extremity of the Gluteus Magnus. the Blood-Vessels.
lf>. The Urethra. 13. Top of the Greater Ischiatic Foramen.
17. Corpora Cavernosa turned up. 14. A little Muscle, occasionally seen and known
18. Spermatic Cord turned up. as the Curvator Coccygis of Scemmerring.
19. Free Extremity of the Penis with its Integu- 15. Section of the End of the Sacrum and Coc-
ments. cyx.

Page 124.
 F I G. 386.

THE TESTICLE.
FIG. 336. 3. The Peritoneum. 2. The Testicle covered by the
A View of the Position op 4. The Portion of it thrust down- Tunica Albuginea.
the Testicle in a Fcetits of ward by the Testis in its de- 3. The Epididymis covered by
about Six Months, show- scent. the same Membrane.
ing the Gubernaculum Tes- 5. Point of Insertion of the (
're- 4.1. Tunica Vaginalis Testis.
tis. master Muscle. 5.5. Common Covering of the
1. Lower Portion of the Liver. ;
G. The Portion of its Fibres Testicle and Spermatic Cord.
coming from the Fibres of the G. Proper Sheath of the Sper-
2. The Kidneys.
Internal Oblique and Trans- matic Cord.
3. The Emulgent Vessels. \

versalis.
4. The Aorta.
7. Gubernaculum Testis.
5. The Ascending Cava. «<

G. The Ureter. I
8. Cavity of the Scrotum. FIG. 389.
7. Spermatic Vessels. In the other Figure the Testis
\
A Transverse Section of the
8.8. Testicle in the Iliac Fossa has completed its descent, the
I Testicle.
|

and also in the Scrotum. Gubernaculum is shortened to

\ 1. The Cavity of the Tunica Va-
!). Giihcrnaculum Testis of one its utmost, and the (J remaster
;
\ ginalis.
Side. everted.
; The Pouch of the Pe- 2. The Tunica Albuginea.
10. Tunica Vaginalis in advance ritoneum above the Testis is
\
3. Corpus Highmorianum or Me-
\

of the Testis. compressed so as to form a Tu-

\
diastinum Testis. The cut
1 1. Rectum filled with Meconium.' bular Canal.
; The Dotted Line ends of the vessels below the
1 2. Tunics of Scrotum. at 1 marks where the Tunica
| figure belong to the Rete Tes-
Vaginalis will terminate.
;
tis those above, to the Blood-
;

fig. ssr. Vessels of the Testicle.

FIG. 383. Tunica Vasculosa of the Tes-
a dlagram of the descent of !
1.

tis.
the Testis as shown by a The Tunica Vaginalis Testis
!

5. One of the Lobules of the Tu-

Lateral Section. and Coverings of the Sper-
buli Seminiferi terminating in
The Testis. matic Cord.
1
theVas Rectum.
2. The Epididymis. 1.1. The Spermatic Cord. tf. A Section of the Epididymis
e 125.
 FIG. 390. FIG. 391. FIG. 392.

FIG. 393. FIG. 394. F I G. 395.

THE TESTICLE AND MUCOUS GLANDS.

FIG. 390. 5.5. Arteries to the Vesiculae. 8. Globus Minor of the Epididymis.
The relative Position of the 6. Portion of the Peritoneum co- 9. Vas Deferens.
vering the Posterior Part of the
Prostate, Vesicul^s SEMI- Vesiculae.
NALES AND BLADDER, AS SEEN 7. Ejaculatory Ducts.
FIG. 394.
FROM BEFORE, AFTER THE RE- The Testis more minutely in-
MOVAL of the Perineal Mus- FIG. 392.
jected with Mercury.
Lobules of the Tubuli Semini-
cles. A Vertical Section of the 1.1.
feri.
1. Section of ihe Urethra. Bladder and Urethra. 2. Rete Testis.
2. Prominences formed by the Bulb
of the Urethra.
1. The Urethra laid open. 3. Vassa Efferentia.
2. Fundus of the Bladder. 4.5. Coni Vasculosi forming the
3. Membranous Portion of the Ure-
3. Anterior Parietes of the Bladder. Globus Major.
thra.
4. Prostate Gland.
4. Urachus. 6. The Epididymis.
5. Orifice of the Left Ureter. 7. Vasculum Aberrans.
5. Vesiculae Seminales.
6. Orifice of the Right Ureter. 8. Globus Minor.
6. Fundus of the Bladder lying upon
7. Verumontanum. 9. Vas Deferens.
the Rectum.
8. Bulb of the Urethra.
7. Section of the Rectum.
Prostate Gland.
8. Portion of the Coccyx.
9.
10. Vas Deferens.
FIG. 395.
11. Ureter. A View of the minute Struc-
FIG. 391. :

12. Vesicula Seminalis. ture of the Testis.

A Vertical Section of the 1.1. Tunica Albuginea.
FIG.
;

Union of the Vas Deferens 393. 2.2. Corpus Highmorianum.

3.3. Tubuli Seminiferi Convoluted
and Vesiculae Seminales so The Testicle injected with into Lobules.
as to show their cavities. Mercury. 4. Vasa Recta.
1.1. Vas Deferens with thick Parie- 1. Tunica Albuginea. 5. Rete Testis.
tes and narrow Cavity. 2. Seminiferous Tubes. 6. Vasa Efferentia.
2.2. Portion of the same where the 3. The Rete Vasculosum Testis. 7. Coni Vasculosi constituting the
Cavity is enlarged. 4. A Globule of Mercury which has Globus Major of the Epididy-
3.3. The Extremities of the Vas De- ]
ruptured the Tubes. mis.
ferens from each side where ',

5. The Vasa Efferentia which form 8. Body of the Epididymis.

they join the Vesiculae Semina- the Coni Vasculosi. 9. Its Globus Minor.
j

les and Ductus Ejaculatorius. !

(i. Coni Vasculosi forming the Head 10. Vas Deferens.
4.4. Vesiculae Seminales distended < of he Epididymis.
i
11. Vasculum Aberrans or Blind
with air and dried. 7. Epididymis. Duct.

Pago 12<j.
 FIG. 396. FIG. 397.

FIG. 399.

FIG. 398.

FEMALE ORGANS OF GENERATION.

FIG. 39G. j
4. Prepuce Clitoridis around the FIG. 399.
Glans Clitoris.
The External Organs of Ge- A View of the Muscles of the
5. Vestibulum.
neration IN THE UNMARRIED 6. The Nymphae. Perineum in the Female.
Female, the Labia Majora j
7. Points to the Meatus Urinarius. 1. Tuber Ischii.
being closed together. ;
8. The Hymen, open in its central 2. Sphincter Vagina? Muscle.
1.1. Labia Majora. portion and surrounding the In- 3. Its Origin from the Base of the
2. Rima or Fissura Vulvae. feriorExtremity of the Vagina. Clitoris.

Fourchette or Posterior Commis-

:
9. The Perineum. 4. Vaginal Ring of the same Mus-
3.

sure —the Line of Reference is a

10. The Anus. cle, which receives a part of the

little too high. Fibres of the Levator Ani.

4. The Anterior Commissure. FIG. 398. 5. Intercrossing of the Sphincter

5. Perineum. The External Organs of Ge- Ani and Sphincter Vagina? Mus-
cles»t the Perineal Centre.
neration in a Female Foe-
6. Erector Clitoridis Muscle.
FIG. 397. tus at Term.
7. The Clitoris covered by its Pre-
1.1. Labia Majora.
A View or the External Or- puce.
2. Clitoris covered by its Prepuce.
gans of Generation in the 8. Transversus Perinei Muscle of
The Nymphae.
unmarried female — the 3.

4. Meatus Urinarius.
the Female.

Vulva being partially 9. Sphincter Ani.

5. Vestibulum.
10. Levator Ani.
OPEN. 6. The Hymen pierced with its or- j 11. The Gracilis.
1.1. Labia Majora. dinary Opening. \ 12. Adductor Magnus.
2. Fourchette. 7. A thicker Portion of the Hy- j
13. Posterior Part of the Gluletis
3. Mons Veneris. men forming a sort of Froenum. ! Magnus.
Page 127.
 FIG. 400. FIG. 401.

FIG. 402.

FEMALE ORGANS OF GENERATION

FIG. 400. FIG. 401. 21. Entrance of the Left Tube and Ovary is
j Ureter into the Blad- divided Vertically;
A Side View op the ;
A Vertical Section der.
the other Side is
Viscera of the Fe- THROUGH THE LlNEA 22. Left Ureter cut off.
untouched. The An-
23. Left Side of the Va-
male Pelvis. Alba and Symphy- terior -Portion op
sis Pubis so as to fina.
ieft Side of the Neck the Uterus and Va-
1. Symphysis Pubis. show the Bladder, of the Uterus outside gina have also been
2. Abdominal Parietes. Vagina, Uterus and of the Vagina.
3.
"
The Fat forming
Mons Veneris.
the
Rectum in Situ. — 25. Fundus of the Uterus.
removed.
The Peritoneum 26. Left Fallopian Tube 1. Fundus of the Uterus.
4. The Bladder. separated from the Pe-
5. Entrance of the Left has been cut at the 2. Thickness of its Parie-
ritoneum. ties anteriorly.
Ureter. Points where it is
27. Its Fimbriated Extre-
6. Canal of the Urethra. 3. External Surface of the
Reflected. mity. Uterus.
7. Meatus Urinarius.
28. Its Entrance into the 4. Section of the Neck of
8. The Clitoris and its 1. Anterior Parietes of
Uterus.
Prepuce. \ the Abdomen. the Uterus.
29. Left Round Ligament. Section of the Anterior
9. Left Nympha. 5 2. Sub- Cutaneous Cel- 5.
30. Left Ovary. Lip.
10. Left Labium Majus. i lular Tissue.
Mons Ve- 31. Fimbriated Portion 6. Its Posterior Lip un-
11. Orifice of the Vagina. I 3. Hairs on the
which unites the Tube touched.
12. lis Canal and Trans I neris.
to the Ovary. 7. Cavity of the Uterus.
verse Rugae. > 4. Cellular Tissue on the
32. Insertion of the Liga- 8. Cavity of its Neck.
13. The Vesico - Vaginal 4 Mons Veneris.
Rectus Abdominis of
ment of the Ovary to 9. Thicknessof the Walls
Septum. ] 5.
the Uterus. of the Vagina.
14. The Vagino - Rectal ] the Right Side.
33. Right Broad Ligament 10. Its Cavity and Poste-
Septum. $ 6. Right Labia Majora.
of the Uterus. rior Parietes.
15. Section of thePerineum 7. Symphysis Pubis.
j
34. Lower Portion of the Openings of Fallopian
16. Os
Uteri. 8. The Clitoris. 11.
Its opposite Crus.
Rectum. Tubes into the Uterus.
17. Cervix Uteri. 5 9.
Right Labia Minora.
35. Rectum turned off and 12. Cavity of the Left
18. Fundus Uteri. I
10.
tied. Tube.
19. The Rectum. 11. Orifice of the Vagina.
I
36. The Peritoneum lin- 13. Its Pavilion.
20. The Anus. |
12. Portion of the Left
ing the Anterior Parie-
21. Upper Portion of the I Labia Minora. 14. Corpus Fimbriatum.
tes of the Abdomen. Union with the
Rectum. 13. The Fourchette, or 15. Its
Fold of
|

PosteriorCommissure 37. The Peritoneum which Ovary.

22. Recto- Uterine
covers the PosteriorPa- Left Ovary vertically
the Peritoneum. of the Vulva. 16.
l
rietes of the Abdomen.
23. Utero Vesical Reflec- \ 14. The Perineum. divided.
tion of the Peritoneum. 15. The Anus. 17. The Vesicles in its Tis
24. The Peritoneum re-
\

16. A Portion of the Inte-

FIG. 402. sue.
flected on the Bladder I
guments of the But- ] The Uterus, Fallo- j
18. Ligament of theOvarv.
from the Abdominal < tock. pian Tubes, Ovaries 19. Right Fallopian Tube,
Left Side of the Blad- untouched.
Parietes. |
17. and a Part of the
Last Lumbar Verte- der. 20. Its Corpus Fimbria-
25. ,'

Vagina of a Female tum.

bra. 1 1ft. Neck of the Bladder.
The Urethra. of Sixteen Years. 21. Ri^ht Ovary.
2<>. The Sacrum. \ 19.
27. The Coccyx. 20. Meatus Urinarius. On one Side the 22. The Broad Ligament.
 1'lli. 4o:i.

FIG. 404.
FIG. 405.

FEMALE ORGANS OF GENERATION.

FIG. 403. 24. Perineum.
25. Carunculae Myrtiformes drawn out.
A View op the Uterus, Ovaries, Fallopian \

20. Posterior Commissure ol the Vulva forcibly

Tubes, Round Ligaments, Vagina and a \
drawn out.
Portion of the External Parts of the
27. The Anus.
)

Female.
28. Labia Majora everted.
1. Anterior Face of the Uterus covered by the 29. The two Halves of the Clitoris and the Labia
Peritoneum. Minora forcibly separated.
2. Its Fundus.
The Rectum, cut off and tied, is seen behind,
3. One of its Superior Lateral Angles near the j
and the Bladder and other parts have been re-
Origin of the Fallopian Tubes.
moved in front.
1. Sides of the Uterus.

5. Its Neck embraced by the Upper End of the

Vagina. FIG. 404.

6. Portion of the Broad Ligaments. A Front View of the Mammary Gland of a

7. The Ovaries drawn up by Hooks above their Female recently Deliveued.
natural position. 1.1. Circumference of the Gland.
The Ligaments which unite the Ovaries to
8. The Sub-Cutaneous Veins as seen through
>,

2.2.
the Uterus. the Skin.
9. Fallopian Tubes. 3.3. The Nipple pierced by the Lactiferous Tubes.
10. The Enlargement near their Extremities. 4. The Areola.
11. Their Trumpet-shaped Mouths.
12. The Pavilion.
FIG. 405.
13. Corpus Fimbriatum.
14. A Portion of the Fimbriated Processes run- The Mammary Gland after the removal of

ning to the Ovary. the Skin, as taken from the Subject three:
15. Section of the Round Ligaments. days after Delivery.
16. ALongitudinal Section of the Vagina. 1. The Surface of the Chest.
17. Portion of the External Surface of the Vagina. 2. Sub-Cutaneous Fat.
18. A Portion of its Internal Anterior Parietes. 3. The Skin covering the Gland.
19. Longitudinal Lines forming a sort of Raphe 4. Circumference of the Gland.
on its Posterior Part. 5. Its Lobules separated by Fat.

20. Transverse Wrinkles or Folds. 6. The Lactiferous Ducts converging to unite in

21. Anterior Lip of the Os Uteri. the Nipple.

7. The Nipple slightly raised and showing the
22. Its Posterior Lip.
23. Os Externum. openings of the Tubes at its Extremity.
l .
• 120.
 FIG 406. FIG. 107. FIG. 408.

FIG. 40!).

THE LACTIFEROUS GLANDS.

FIG. 406. 7. The Lactiferous Tubes com- 6. The Roots of the Lactiferous
ing from the Lobules. Ducts.
A Side View op the Gland as
8. The same Tubes collected in 7. Lobules of the Gland.
BEFORE SHOWN IN Fl(i. 404. the Nipple. 8. The Orifices of the prepared
Tubes.

FIG. 407.
FIG. 408. FIG. 409.
A Vertical Section or the Termination of a Portion of
Mammary Gland, showing A Preparation of the Lacti- a Lactiferous Duct in the
its Thickness and the Ori- ferous Tubes, during Lac-
Cells of the Lobules, from
gins of the Lactiferous tation.
a Mercurial Injection by
Ducts. Sir A. Cooper; enlarged
1.2. Top and Base of theNipple.
1.2.3. Its Pectoral Surface. 3. Lactiferous Tubes in the Na- FOUR TIMES.
4. Section of the Skin on the tural State.
Surface of the Gland. 4. Two in the Nipple which FIG. 410.
5. The thin Skin covering the are injected. The Distribution of the Lac-
Nipple. 5. These Tubes dilated and tiferous Ducts during ] .ac-
C>. The Lobules and Lobes forming a kind of Sinus at tation; injected with Wax.
composing the Gland. the Base of the Nipple. j (after Sir A. Cooper).
Page 130.
 PART FOURTH.

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION
AND

CIRCULATION:
NINETY-EIGHT FIGURES.
 FIG. 411. FIG. 412.

FIG. 415.

FIG. 4 1:3.

FIG. 416.

THE LARYNX.
FIG. 411. 4. Its External Angle.
5. Its Internal Angle.
A Front View of the Thyroid Cartilage.
1. Left Half of the Cartilage. FIG. 414.
2. Anterior projecting Angle.
An Anterior View of the Left Arytenoid
3. Superior Margin.
Cartilages.
4. Its Notch.
5. Inferior Margin, 1. Its Anterior Face.
ti.ti. Cornn Majus of each Half. The other References as in Fig. 413.
7.7. Cornu Minus of each Half.
FIG. 415.

FIG. 412. A Lateral View of the Epiglottis Carti-

lage.
A Lateral View of the Thyroid Cariilage.
1. Anterior or Convex Surface.
1. Its Left Half. 2. Posterior or Concave Surface.
Right Half.
2. Its 3. Superior Margin.
3. The Superior Margin. 4. Interior Margin or Pedicle.
4. The Notch. 5. Its Sides. The Openings of the Muciparous
5. Anterior Angle. Ducts are also shown.
6. Inferior Margin.
7. Posterior Margin.
FIG. 416.
8.8. Cornu Majus of each Side.
9. Cornu Minus. A Front View of the Cricoid Cartilage.
1. Its Internal Face.
FIG. 413. 2. The Cavity of the Larynx as formed by this
Cartilage.
A Posterior View of the Left Arytenoid 3. Its Inferior Surface.
Cartilages. I. The little Head or Convexity for Articulating
1. Its Posterior Face. with the Arytenoids.
2. The Summit. \ 5. The Surface of the Superior Edge for the At-
3. The Base and Cavity for Articulating with tachment of the Lateral Crico Arytenoid Mus-
the Cricoid Cartilage. cles.

Page 133.
 FIG. 417. FIG. 418.

FIG, 419 FIG. 420.

THE LARYNX,
FIG. 417. 2. Thyreo-Hyoid Ligament.
A Front View of the Ligaments of the La- 3. Thyroid Cartilage.
rynx. 4. Crico-Thyroid Ligament.
5. Cricoid Cartilage.
1. Body of the Os Hyoides.
6. Thyroid Gland.
Appendices.
2. Its
7. Trachea.
Cornua.
3. Its
4.5. Thyreo-Hyoid Ligament.
6. Lateral Tliyreo-Hyoid Ligament. FIG. 420.
7. Cornu Majus of each Half of the Thyroid
Cartilage. A Vertical Section of the Larynx to show
Sides of the Thyroid Cartilage.
8. itsInternal Surface.
9. Its Projecting Angle.
1. Section of the Root of the Tongue.
10.11. Crico-Thyroid Ligament. 2. Os Hyoides.
12. Cornu Minus of each Side of the Thyroid
3. The Muciparous Gland of the Epiglottis.
Cartilage. Top of the Epiglottis Cartilage.
4.
13. First Ring of the Trachea. 5. A
Section of its Anterior Face.
6. A
Fold of Mucous Membrane from the Ary-
FIG. 418. tenoids to the Epiglottis.
A Latkral View of the same. 7. Superior Vocal Ligament.

1. Os Hyoides. 8. Section of Thyroid Cartilage.

2. Thyreo-Hyoid Ligament. 9. Ventricle of Galen or Morgagni.

3. Cornu Majus of the Thyroid Cartilage. 10. Lower Vocal Ligament.

4. Its Angle and Side. 11. Arytenoid Cartilages.
5. Cornu Minus. 12. Inside of the Cricoid Cartilage.

6. Lateral Portion of the Cricoid Cartilage. 13. Its Posterior Portion.

7. Rings of the Trachea. 11. Lining Membranes of the Trachea.

15. End of the Cornu Majus of the Os Hyoides.
FIG. 419. 16. Cornu Majus of the Thyroid Cartilage.
17. Mucous Membrane of the Pharynx.
A Front View of the Thyroid Gland in Situ.
18. CEsophagus.
1. Os Hyoides. 19. Thyroid Gland.
Page 134.
 FIG 421 FIG. 425. FIG. 422.

THE LARYNX AND THYMUS GLAND.

FIG. 421. \
5. Posterior Face of the Thy- FIG. 425.
A Front View op the Crico- \ roid Cartilage.
A View Larynx from
of the
thyroid Muscles. I 6. Arytenoid Cartilages.
above, showing
theThykeo-
< 7. Cricoid Cartilage.
1. Thy mid Cartilage. Arytenoid or Vocal Liga-
<, 8. Crico- Arytenoid Articula-
2. Crico-Thyroid Ligament. ments.
i tion.
3. Right Crico-Thyroid Muscle.
I
9. Posterior Crico-Thyroid Li- Superior Edge of the Larynx.
4. Its Origin.
|
gament. Its Anterior Face.
5. Its Insertion.
j
10. Cornu Minus of the Thy- Cornua Majores of the Thy-
G. First liing of the Trachea.
< roid Cartilage. roid Cartilage.
11. Anterior Crico-Thyroid Li- Posterior Face of the Cricoid
FIG. 422.
\

'( gament. Cartilage.

A Posterior View of the Ary- \ 12. Ligamentous Portion of the 5.5. Arytenoid Cartilages.
tenoid andCrico-Arytenoi- first Ring of the Trachea.
deus Muscles.
(5.0, Thyreo-Arytenoid Ligam'ts.
Their Origin within the An-
1.2.3. Thyroid Cartilage. FIG. 424. gle of the Thy roid Cartilage.
4. Summit of the Arytenoid
A Vertical Section of the Their Terminations at the
Cartilages.
Larynx to show some of Base of the Arytenoid Car-
5. Insertion of Arytenoid Mus- its Muscles. tilages.
cles.
6. Cricoid Cart'lage.
1. Cornu Majus of the Thyroid The Glottis.
Cartilage. Anterior Part of the Inferior
7. Its Middle Portion.
2. Its Superior Border. Surface of the Cricoid Car-
8.9. Crico-Arytenoideus Mus-
3. Section of its Body. tilage.
cles.
4. Its Internal Surface.
10. Posterior Portion of the
5. Arytenoid Cartilage.
Trachea. FIG. 426.
(>. Posterior Surface of the Thy
Arytenoid Muscles.
!

11.
roid Cartilage. A Section of the Thymus
7.8.9. Arytenoid Muscles. Gland at the 8th Month.
FIG. 423.
10.1 1.1 2. Thy reo- Arytenoid Mus- 1. Cervical Portion of the Gland.
A Posterior View of the Ar- cle.
ticulations of the Carti- 2. Secretory Cells seen upon its
13. Crico-Arytenoideus Latera-
lages of the Larynx. j Surface.
lis Muscle.
1 Posterior Face of the Epiglottis. 14. Cricoid Cartilage.
3. The Pores or Openings of the
j

2. Appendices of the Os Hyoides. 15.1(5.17. Crico - Arytenoideus Cells and Pouches. The con-
3. Its Cornua. Posticus. tinuity of the Reservoir of the
4. Lateral Thyreo-Hyoid Liga- 18.19. First Rings of the Tra- Lower and Cervical Portion
ments. chea as united by Ligament. of the Gland is also seen.

Page 13 5.
 FIG. 427. FIG. 428.

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION
FIG. 427. FIG. 428.

An Anterior View of the Thoracic Viscera A Posterior View of the Thoracic Viscera,
showing their relative Positions by the
in Situ, as shown by the removal of their
removal of the Posterior Portion of their
Anterior Parietes. Parietes.
1. Superior Lobe of the Right Lung. 1.2. Upper and Lower Lobes of the Right Lung.
2. Its Middle Lobe. 3. Interlobular Fissures.
3. Its Inferior Lobe. 4. Internal Portion of the Pleura Costalis, forming
4.4. Lobular Fissures. one of the Sides of the Posterior Mediastinum.
5.5. Internal Layer of the Costal Pleura forming 5. Twelfth Rib and Lesser Diaphragm.
the Right Side of the Anterior Mediastinum. 6. Reflection of the Pleura over the Greater Mus-
cle of the Diaphragm on the Right Side.
6.6. The Right Diaphragmatic Portion of the Pleura
Costalis.
7.7. Right Pleura Costalis adhering to the Ribs.
Costalis on the Ribs.
8.9. The two Lobes of the Left Lung.
7.7. The Right Pleura
10.10. Interlobular Fissures.
8. Superior Lobe of the Left Lung.
11.11. The Left Pleura, forming the Parietes of the
9. Its Inferior Lobe.
Posterior Mediastinum.
10.10. Interlobular Fissures. Diaphragm on
12.13. Its Reflections over the this side.
11. ThePortion of the Pleura Costalis which forms
14.14. The Left Pleura Costalis on the Parietes of the
the Left Side of the Anterior Mediastinum. j
Chest.
12. The Left Diaphragmatic Portion of the Pleura
>,

15. The Trachea.

Costalis. >
16. The Larynx.
13. Left Pleura Costali9. 17. Opening of the Larynx and the Epiglottis Car-
14.14. The Middle Space between the Pleurae, known tilage in Situ.
as the Anterior Mediastinum. 18. Root and Top of the Tongue.
15. The Pericardium. 19.19. Right and Left Bronchia.
16. Fibrous Partition over which the Pleura' are re-
20. The Heart enclosed in the Pericardium.
flected. 21. Upper Portion of the Diaphragm on which it

17. The Trachea. rests.

18. Thyroid Gland. I
22. Section of the CEsophncrus.
19. Anterior Portion of the Thyroid Cartilage. >
23. Section of the Aorta.
20. Primitive Carotid Artery. 24. Arteria Innominata.

21. Subclavian Vein. 25. Primitive Carotid Arteries.

22. Internal Jugular Vein. 26. The Subclavian Arteries.

23. Brachio-Cephalic Vein. 27. Internal Jugular Veins.

24. Abdominal Aorta. 28. Second Cervical Vertebra.

29. Fourth Lumbar.
25. Xyphoid Cartilage.
Page 13
 FIG. 429. FIG. 430.

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION.
FIG. 429. FIG. 430.

The Larynx, Trachea and Bronchia, de- A View Bronchia and Blood-Vessels
of the
prived of their Fibrous Covering, and with of the Lungs as shown by Dissection, as
the outline of the lungs. well as the relative Position of the
1.1. Outline of the Upper Lobes of the Lungs. Lungs to the Heart.
2. Outline of the Middle Lobe of the Right 1. End of the Left Auricle of the Heart.
Lung. 2. The Right Auricle.
3.3. Outline of the Inferior Lobes of both Lungs. 3. The Left Ventricle with its Vessels.
4. Outline of the 9th Dorsal Vertebra, show- 4. The Right Ventricle with its Vessels.
ing its relation to the Lungs and the Ver-
5. The Pulmonary Artery.
tebral Column. 6. Arch of the Aorta.
5. Thyroid Cartilage.
7. Superior Vena Cava.
t>. Cricoid Cartilage.
8. Arteria Innominata.
7. Trachea.
9. Left Primitive Carotid Artery.
8. Right Bronchus.
10. Left Sub-Clavian Artery.
9. Left Bronchus.
11. The Trachea.
10. Orico-Thyroid Ligament.
12. The Larynx.
11.12. Rings of the Trachea.
13. First Ring of the Trachea.
13. Upper Lobe of the Right Lunff.
14. Last Ring of the Trachea, which is Corset- 14. Upper Lobe of the Left Lung.
shaped. 15. Trunk of the Right Pulmonary Artery.
15. 10. A complete Bronchial Cartilaginous Ring. 1G. Lower Lobes of the Lungs.

17. One which is Bifurcated.

The Distribution of the Bronchia and of the
18. Double Bifurcated Bronchial Rings.
Arteries and Veins, as well as some of the Air-
19.19. Smaller Bronchial Rings.
20. Depressions for the Course of the large |
Cells of the Lungs, are also shown in this dis-

Blood-Vessels. \ section.

137.
 FIG. 432.

FIG. 431.

ffl
W
FIG. 433. FIG. 434.

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.

FIG. 431. FIG. 434.

First appearance of Blood- Vessels in the Particles of Frog's Blood, magnified about
Vascular Layer of the Germinal Mem- 500 Diameters.
brane of a Fowl at the thirty-sixth Hour
after Incubation. 1. 1. Their Flattened Face.
2. A Particle turned Edgeways.
FIG. 432. 3. A Lymph Globule.
A View of the Termination of the Arteries 4. Blood Corpuscles altered by dilute Acetic
inthe Veins as shown in the Web of a Acid.
—
Frog's Foot Magnified 3 Diameters.
1.1. The Veins.
FIG. 435.
2.2. The Arteries.

\
Corpuscles ofHuman Blood, magnified about
FIG. 433. \ 500 Diameters.
A Magnified View of the Capillary Circu-
lation in the Web of a Frog's Foot Mag- — j
(I). Single Particles.

nified 110 Diameters.

1.1. Their Flattened Face.
2. A Particle seen Edgeways.
1. Trunk of a Vein.
2.2. Its Branches. ;
(2). Aggregation of Particles in a Columnar
3.3. Pigment Tells. \ Form.
Page 138.
 FIG. 436. FIG. 437.

FIG 439. FIG. 438. FIG. 440.

!• 1(1
BivTfc

THE LUNGS AND HEART,

FIG. 436. 26. Section of the (Esophagus. 8. Right Ventricle.
27. Section of the Thoracic Aorta. 9. Right Auricle.
An Outline of a Transverse Sec-
The space between Figures 12 and 10. Left Ventricle.
tion of the Chest, showing- the 18 and the two 16's is the Anterior
relative Position of the Pleu- Mediastinum, and the space which FIG. 439.
rae to the Thorax and its Con- contains 26 and 27 is the Posterior
An Anterior View of the Heart
tents.
Mediastinum. These spaces are in a Vertical Position with its
formed by the Reflections of the
Vessels injected.
1. The Skin on the Front of the Pleurae.
1. Right Auricle.
Chest drawn up by a Hook.
2. Left Auricle.
2. The Skin on the Sides of the FIG. 437. 3. Right Ventricle.
Chest.
3. That on the Back.
A Magnified View of a Section 4. Left Ventricle.
of the Lung, showing the Ar- 5. Descending Vena Cava.
4. The Sub- Cutaneous Fat and rangement OF SOME OF THE Lo- 6. Aorta.
Muscles on the ouiside of the
bules, the communication of 7. Left Pulmonary Artery.
Thorax.
5. Section of the Muscles in the
the Air-Cells in one Lobule 8. The Arteria Innominata.
and their Separation from 9. Left Primitive Carotid.
Vertebral Gutter.
those of the adjoining Lobule. 10. Left Sub-Clavian Artery.
6. Section of the 5th Dorsal Verte-
bra.
The Ramifications of the 11. Anterior Cardiac Vessels in the
Blood- Vessels in the Texture Vertical Fissure.
7. The Spinal Canal. of the Lung and their Course 12. Posterior Vessels from the Trans-
8. Spinous Process. I
through the Air - Cells are verse Fissure.
9.9. > Sections of the Ribs and In-
ALSO SEEN. 13. Main Trunk of the Pulmonary
10.10.5 tercostal Muscles.
1.1. Branches of the Pulmonary Artery.
11. Their Cartilages. f

12. The Sternum.

Veins.
13. The Division of the Pulmonary
2.2. Branches of the Pulmonary FIG. 440.
Artery.
Artery. A Posterior View of the Heart
14. The Exterior Surface of the in a Vertical Position and with
Lungs. FIG. 433. its Vessels injected.
15. Posterior Face of the Lungs. An Anterior View of the Heart 1. Right Auricle.
16. Anterior Face of the Lungs. in Situ, the Pericardium eeing 2. Left Auricle.
17. Inner Face of the Lungs. i divided and drawn back. 3. Right Ventricle.
18. Anterior Face of the Heart co- 1. The Greater Muscle of the Dia- 4. Left Ventricle.
vered by the Pericardium. phragm. Ascending Vena Cava.
19. Pulmonary Artery. 2. The Xyphoid Cartilage. 6. Right Posterior Pulmonary Vein.
;
I
20. 1 Its Division into Right and Left 3. Tendinous Centre of the Dia- 7. Left Posterior Pulmonary Vein.
J

21.3 Branches. phragm. 8. End of the Left Auricle.

J

22. Portion of the Right Auricle. ) 4.4. Section of the Pericardium 9- Great Coronary Vein.
I

23. Descending Cava cut off at the drawn off from the Heart. no. Posterior Cardiac Vessels in the
Right Auricle. 5. The Aorta. Vertical Fissure.
24. Section of the Left Bronchus. 6. Descending Vena Cava. The same in the Transverse Fis-
25. Section of the Right Bronchus. 7. The Pulmonary Arterv.
39.
 FIG. 445

THE HEART,
FIG. 441. 4. Thickness at the commencement of the Pul-
monary Artery.
An Anterior View of the External Muscu- 5. Anterior Fold of the Tricuspid Valve.
lar Layer ok the Heart after the remo- 6. A Portion of the Right Ventricle untouched.
val of its Serous Coat, &c. 7.8. Columnae Carneae of the Right Ventricle with
their Cordaa Tendineae.
1. Right Auricle. 9. The Right Side of the Ventricular Septum.
2. Descending Vena Cava. 10.11. Cavities between the Bases of the Columnae
3. Right Anterior Pulmonary Vein. Carneaj.
4. AHorizontal Band of Fibres passing across 12. The Depression leading to the Pulmonary Ar-
the Base of the Auricles. tery.
5. Left Anterior Pulmonary Vein. of the Pulmonary Artery. Two of the
13. Interior
(i. Muscular Fibres between the Auricles.
Sigmoid Valves are seen, the third has been
7. The Fringed or Ring-shaped Bands of Fibres removed.
at the Extremity of the Left Auricle.
8. The Muscular Fibres at the Base of the
Right
Auricle. FIG. 444.
Section of the Pulmonary Artery, showing
9. A Three-Quarter View of the Left Ventri-
the Semi-Lunar Valves. cle after the removal of its Anterior PA-
10.11. The Anterior Bis Ventricular Muscular Fibres.
RIETES.
12.13. Their Continuation on to the Left Ventricle.
1. Outer Side of the Left Ventricle.
2. Outer Side of the Right Ventricle.
FIG. 442. 3. Thickness of its Outer Parietes.
4. Thickness of a Section near the Side of the
A Posterior View of hie same. Right Ventricle.
1. Right Auricle. 5. The
Mitral Valve.
2. Descending Vena Cava. 6.7. Two
of the Columnae Carneae with their Cordae
3. Right Posterior Pulmonary Vein. Tendineae as attached to the Valve.
8. Thickness of the Ventricular Parietes at the
4. Muscular Fibres of the Left Auricle.
Left Posterior Pulmonary Vein.
5.
Origin of the Aorta.
9. Cavity of the Aorta.
The Arrangement of the Muscular Fibres at
6.7.
the end of the Left Auricle. 10.10. Section of the Superior Surface of the Right
Ventricle, showing the Ostium Venosum and
8. Orifice of the Great Coronary Vein.
Tricuspid Valve from above.
9. Band of Fibres between the two Venae Cavae.
11. Tricuspid Valve.
10. The Orifice of the Ascending Vena Cava ; the
Eustachian Valve is at the end of the Line. 12. Semilunar Valves of the Aorta.

11.12. Muscular Fibres at the Base of the Auricle.

13.14. Muscular Fibres in the Ventricles. FIG. 445.
A View of the Mitral Valve of the size of
FIG. 443. life.

of the Interior of the Right Ven- The Drawing shows two Folds, Cordae Ten-
A View its its
dineae arising from the Columnae Carneae and those
tricle. The rest of it has been removed, j
coming from the other Columnae of the Ventricle.
but the Left Ventricle is entire. The lower part of the Figure is the portion of the Left
1. Section of the Purictes of the Right Ventricle. Ventricle from which the main Columnae arise the ;

2 Left Ventricle. upper portion is the Left Auiiculo Ventricular Septum

•

Thickness of the Parietes ol the Right ^ entricle. around the Left Ostium Venosum.
UO.
 FIG. 446. FIG. 447.

3 ST !* 8

FIG. 44&

THE HEART AND ARTERIES.

FIG. 446. 12. The Mitral Valve.
13. Ventricular Opening of the Aorta.
A Vertical View of the Auriculo-Ventricu-
14.15. Columnae Carneae of the Mitral Valve.
lar and Arterial Valves, as given by a
Section of the Heart at the Ostium Ve-
nosum and of the Arteries at their Valves. FIG. 448.

1. Depression in the Left Auricle at the Left Ostium A View of the Arteries of the Chest and
Venosum. Neck.
2. Depression in the Right Auricle at the Right Os- 1. The Aorta at its Exit from the Heart.
tium Venosum. 2. Ascending Portion of its Arch. One of the
3.3. Section of the Parietes of the Left Auricle. Coronary Arteries is just below the Line.
4. Superior or Auricular Face of the two Folds of Arch of
3. the Aorta.
the Mitral Valve. 4. Arteria Innominata.
5. Section of the Greater Coronary Vein. 5. Left Subclavian Artery.
6.6. Section of the Parietes at the Base of the Right 6. Bronchial and Thymic Arteries, which are
Auricle.
here not from the Aorta but from the Sub-Cla-
7. Auricular Face of the three Folds of the Tricus- vian Artery.
pate Valve. External Mammary Arteries.
7.
8. The Orifice of the Greater Coronary Vein. 8. The Superior Phrenic Arteries, branches of
9. Septum of the Auricles. the last.
10. A Section of the Aorta to show its Sigmoid Valves. 9. The Vertebral Artery.
11. The Pulmonary Artery with its Valves. 10. The Superior Scapular Artery on the Right
;

it goes to the Fossa Supra Spinata, and on the

FIG. 447. Left it is lost in the Trapezius Muscle.
Transverse Cervical.
A Transverse Section of the Top of the Ven- 11.
12. Inferior Thyroid Artery seen on the Body of
tricles just below the Base of the Auricles. the Gland.
l.l. Section of the Right Ventricle. 13. The Cervicalis Ascendens.
2. Right Auriculo- Ventricular Opening or Ostium 14. Primitive Carotid on the Neck.
Venosum. 15. Internal Carotid.
3. The Fold of the Tricuspate Valve.
largest 16. External Carotid.
4. Depression to direct the Blood to the Pulmonary 17. Superior Thyroid Artery.
Artery. 18. Arteria Facialis.
5. Funnel-shaped enlargement near the Pulmo- 19. Arteria Axillaris.
nary Artery. 20. Superior Thoracic, which furnishes the Acro-
6. Section of one of the Columnae Carneae attached mial.
by the Cordas Tendiueae to the Tricuspate Valve. 21. Trunk of the Anterior Circumflex and Inferior
7.8. Other Columnae Carneae. Thoracic.
9. Section of the External Parietes of the Left 22. Posterior Circumflex.
Ventricle. 23. Thoracic Aorta.
10. Section showing the thickness of the Ventricu 24.24. Intercostal Arteries.
lar Septum. 25. Distribution of the Phrenic Arteries upon the
11 Left Ostium Venosum Diaphragm.
lVge 141.
 FIG. 449.

30 29 ' ^ -'<-'
31

THE CAROTID ARTEUY AND ITS BRANCHES.

FIG. 449. IG. Posterior Auricular Artery.

A View of the Arteries of the Neck and 17. A Branch cut off, which goes to the Parotid

Gland.
Shoulder.
18. Origin of the Internal Maxillary Artery.
1. Primitive Carotid Artery.
19. Origin of the Temporal Artery.
2. Internal Carotid Artery.
20. Origin of the Anterior Auricular.
3. External Carotid Artery. 21. The Sub-Clavian.
4. The Superior Thyroid Artery. 22. Origin of the Internal Mammary.
5. Branches to the Muscles. 23. Trunk of the Inferior Thyroid, from which
6. Main Branch to the Gland. arise in this subject the Anterior and Poste-
7. Inferior Pharyngeal Artery. rior Cervical Arteries.
8. Lingual Artery. 21. Branch of the Inferior Thyroid going to the

9. Facial Artery. Thyroid Gland.

10. Its Branches to the Sub-Maxillary Gland. 25. Anterior Cervical going up the Neck.
11. Sub-Mental Branch. 2G. Posterior or Transverse Cervical.

12. Principal Branch of the Facial as it goes 27. Branches to the Scaleni and Levator Scapula 1

over the Jaw. Muscles.

13. Occipital Artery. 28. The Superior Scapular Artery.

11. Branches to the Muscles on the hack of the 29. TheThoracica Superior of the Axillary Artery.
Neck. 30. A Branch to the Deltoid.

15. Main Trunk to the Occiput. 31. Recurrent Branches of the Interccstals.

142.
 FIG. 450. FIG. 451.

THE CAROTID ARTERY AND ITS BRANCH,

FIG. 450. FIG. 451.
A View of the External Carotid Artery A Front View of the Arteries of the Heap
and its Branches. and Neck.
1.Left Primitive Carotid Artery, seen through a 1. Primitive Carotid Artery.
.Section of the Sterno-Cleido Mastoid Muscle. 2. Superior Thyroid Artery.
2. Internal Carotid Artery. 3. Its Muscular Branches.
3. External Carotid Artery. 4. Its Main Branch to the Gland.
4. Superior Thyroid Artery. 5. External Carotid Artery.
5. A Branch to the Sterno-Cleido Muscle. 6. Facial Artery passing over the Jaw.
6. Lingual Artery. 7. Inferior Coronary Artery.
7. Origin of the Facial Artery. 8.Superior Coronary Artery.
8. Sub-Mental Branch. 9. Buccalis Ascendens.
!). Branch to the Sub-Maxillary Gland. 10. Anastomosis of the Facial with the Ophthal-
10. Facial Artery passing over the Jaw. mic Artery.
11. Inferior Coronary Artery. 11. Branches of the External Carotid to the
12. Superior Coronary. Masseter Muscle.
13. Branch to anastomose with the Infra-Orbitar. 12. Temporal Artery where it divides.
11. Branch to the Ala? Nasi. 13. Anterior Temporal Artery.
15. Anastomosis of Facial with Ophthalmic. 14.
16. Nasal Branch of Ophthalmic. 15. Its principal Branches.
17. Its Frontal Branch. \
16.
18. Branch to the Orbicularis Palpebrarum Muscle. I 17. Nasal Branch of the Ophthalmic Artery.
19. Origin of the Occipital Artery. > 18. A Branch to the Forehead.
20. Point where it passes under the Splenitis Muscle. 19. Supra-Orbitar Artery.
21. Posterior Auricular Artery. 20. Temporal Artery.
22. Origin of the Internal Maxillary. 21. Infra-Orbitar Artery.
23. Temporal Artery. I 22. Beep Temporal Artery.
24. Transverse Facial. I 23. Anterior Cervical Artery.
25. Point of Division of the Temporal Artery. \
24. Sub-Clavian Artery.
26. Anterior Temporal Artery. 25. Vertebral Artery.
27. Middle Temporal Artery. 26. Transverse Cervical.
28. Posterior Temporal Artery. \ 27. Inferior Thyroid Artery.
29. Internal Mammary Artery. 28. Anterior Cervical.
30. Inferior Thyroid Artery. 29. Superior Scapular.
31. Trnnsversalis Cervicis Arterv. 30. Internal Mammary.
Page 1-13.
 FI G. 454.

W
THE CAROTID AND SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES.
FIG. 452. i
18. Deep-seated Anterior Tem- a common Trunk with the
A View of the Internal Max- poral Artery. Facial.
illary Artery, as given by 19. Buccal Arteries. 13. Internal Carotid.
Sections of the Bones of 20. Infra-Orbital. 14. Origin of the Aorta.
the Head and Face. 21. Posterior Palatine.

Primitive Carotid Artery.

1.
22. Origin of the Pterygoid Ar- FIG 454.
tery.
External Carotid.
2. The Axillary and Brachial
23. Origin of the Sphenopala-
3. Internal Carotid. Arteries with their Branches
tine.
4. Section of the Superior Thy- 1. The Deltoid Muscle.
roid Artery. «. The Biceps.
5. Point where the Facial Artery
FIG. 453.
.

3. The Tendinous Process from

crosses the Lower Jaw. A View of the Vertebral Ar- \

the Tendon of the Biceps.

G. Inferior Coronary Artery. tery, Carotid and Arch of 4. Brachialis Internns Muscle.
\

7. Superior Coronary Artery. the Aorta, as given by a \ 5. The Supinator Longus.

8. Point of anastomosis of Fa- Vertical Section of the > G. The Coraco-Brachialis.
cial with the Nasal Branch Neck. 7. The Middle Portion of
[ the
of Ophthalmic. 1. Commencement of the Tho- Triceps Muscle.
9. The Occipital Artery. racic Aorta. 8. Its Inner Head.
10. Posterior Auricular. 2. The Innominataatits Origin. 9. The Axillary Artery.
1 1. Temporal Artery. 3. The Left Sub-Clavian. 10. The Brachial Artery.
12. Origin of the Internal Maxil- 4. The Internal Mammary Ar- 11. The Thoracica Acromialis
lary Artery. tery. Artery.
13. Meningea Magna of the Dura The Artery of the Right Side.
5. 12. The Superior and Inferior
Mater ramifying over its Sur- 6. The Inferior Thyroid. Thoracic Arteries.
face. 7. The Vertebral in the Trans- 13. The Serratus Magnus Muscle.
14. Inferior Dental Artery in the verse Processes of the Cer- 14. The Subscapular Artery.
Alveolar Processes of the vical Vertebrae. 15. The Profunda Major Artery.
Lower Jaw. 8. Superior Inter-Costal Artery. IG. The Profunda Minor.
15. The Pterygoid Arteries. 9. Left Primitive Carotid. 17. The Anastomotica.
lf>. The Masseter Arteries. 10. External Carotid Artery. 18. The Profunda Major inoscu-
17. Deep-seated Posterior Tem- 11. Superior Thyroid. lating with the Radial Re-
poral Artery. 12. The Lingual, which has here current Artery.

Page 144.
 FIG. 455.

FIG. 456.

FIG. 457

THE AXILLARY AND BRACHIAL ARTERIES.

FIG. 455. i 2. The Radial Artery.
Recurrens Radialis.
A View op the Arteries on the Anterior I 3.
4. The Ulnar Artery.
Portion of the Arm and Shoulder. I 5. Recurrens Ulnaris.
1. Axillary Artery. ;
6. Interosseous Anterior Artery.
2. Thoracica Acromialis Artery. \
7. Interosseous Posterior Artery.
3. Thoracica Superior.
4. Sub-Scapularis Branch.
5. Inferior Scapulae.
6.7. Branches to the Teres and Sub-Scapularis Muscles.
FIG. 457.
8. Anterior Circumflex.
9. Brachial Artery.
A View of one of the Anomalies in the Ar-
10. Profunda Major Humeri. rangement of the Brachial Artery.
11. Posterior Circumflex.
12. Main Trunk of the Profunda Major.
13. Muscular Branches of the Brachial to the Biceps 1. Termination of the Axillary Artery.
Muscle. 2. The
Brachial Artery.
14. Branches to the Brachialis Interims. 3.3. Radial Artery.
15. Recurrens Ulnaris anastomosing with the Anas- 4.4. Ulnar Artery.
tomotica of the Brachial. 5. A
Recurrent Branch.
6. Anterior Interosseous Artery.
FIG. 456. 7. Superficial Palmar Arch formed bv the Ulnar Ar-
tery.
The Anterior Surface of the Elbow-Joint
8. Deep-Seated Palmar Arch.
with ns Vessels. 9. The Anastomosis of the two Arteries, much en-
1. The Brachial Artery. larged.

Page 145.
 THE RADIAL AND ULNAR ARTERIES.
FIG. 458. 2. Inter-Muscular Aponeurosis. 12.12. Digito- Radial Branches of
3. Recurrens Radialis. the Arcus Sublimis.
A View of the Arteries of the 4. Division of the Brachial into the 13.13. Digito-Ulnar Branches ofthe
Lower Portion of the Su- Radial and Ulnar, as usually same.
perior Extremity, as seen seen. 14.14. Anastomosis and Capillary
after the removal of the 5. Recurrens Ulnaris. Terminations of these Arte-
6. Ulnar Artery. riesin the Pulps ofthe Fingers.
Integuments.
7. Radial Artery. 15. The Radial Artery.
1. Lower part of the Brachial Ar- 8. Interosseous Anterior Artery. 16. Point where it passes to the
tery. 9. Dorsalis Carpi Artery. back and outside ofthe Hand
2. Arteria Anastomotica. 10. Magna Pollicis Artery. under the Extensor Tendons
3. Aponeurotic Expansion of the 11. Arcus Profundus formed by the of the Thumb.
Tendon of the Biceps. Palmaris Profundus and anas- 17. Last Branch of the Radial
4. Recurrens Radialis Artery. tomosing with a Branch from Artery, called Radialis Indicis.
5. Radial Artery. the Arcus Sublimis. IS. End of the Arcus Profundus
6. Muscular Branches. 12. The Digital Arteries. on the Ulnar side ofthe Hand.
7. Superficialis Volae giving off a 19.20. Superficial MuscularBranches
Branch to the Arcus Sublimis. of the Radial at the Wrist.
8. The Tendons passing under the FIG. 460. 21.22. Superficialis Volae and Branch-
Annular Ligament ofthe Wrist- es to the Ball of the Thumb.
Joint. (I.) A View of the minute Di-
9. Branch ofthe Superficialis Vote visions of the Arcus Sub- The minute Divisions of
(2.)
on the Ball ofthe Thumb.
limis and its Branches. the Akcus Profundus and
10. Points to the Palmaris Pro-
funda. 1. The Ulnar Artery at the its Branches.
11. Magna Pollicis Artery. lower portion of the Fore-
12. Radialis Indicis. Arm. 1. Point where the Radial comes
13. Cubito-Muscular Arteries. 2. Point where it passes between Palm ofthe Hand.
into the
14. Lower part of the Ulnar Artery. the Anterior Annular Liga- 2. Anastomosing Branch to give
15. Branches to the Palm and Mus- ment and the Aponeurosis off.

cles of the Little Finger. Palmaris. 3. A Branch on the side of the

16. The Arcus Sublimus. 3. Point where it reaches the Thumb.
17. Branches running to supply the Palm ofthe Hand. 4. A Branch to the Fore-Finger.
Fingers. 4.5 The Digital Branches which 5. Anastomosis of theArcus Pro-
18. The Digital Arteries. 6 it gives off in the Palm of the fundus and a Digital Branch
8.9
.9. J Hand. of the Ulnar.
FIG. 459. 10 Point of Anastomosis of its 6. The Magna Pollicis Artery.

The Arteries of the Fore-

branch No. 8 with the brancli 7. 1 A succession of Interosseous
from the Arcus Profundus. 8. I Branches which anastomose
Arm AFTER THE REMOVAL OF j
The termination ofthe Radial 9. I with the Digital Branches of
A I'ORTION OF 1HE MUSCLES. J
Artery in sending a branch 10. I the Ulnar before their bifur-
1. Lower part of the Brachial Ar- to the Thumb and Fore-Fin- ] 1. |
cations to each finger. The
tery. (
ger. 12. J Anastomoses are in Arches
 FIG. 462.

THE ABDOMINAL AORTA,

FIG. 401. 19. (Esophageal Arteries. FIG. 4G2.
A View 20. Phrenic Arterits, here coining
op the Aorta in its A View of the Arteries op
off from the Celiac.
whole length, and op its the Stomach and Liver.
21. Remains of the Diaphragm and
Branches, as given by a sec- 1.1. Crura of the Diaphragm.
commencement of the Cceliac
tion of the Anterior Parie- 2. The Liver turned upwards.
Artery. 3. Its Left Lobe.
tes op the Trunk. 22. Tripod of Haller, or Division of 4. Its Right Lobe.
1. Commencement and Arch of the the Cceliac, into Hepatic, Gastric
5. Lobulus Spigelii.
6. Portse of the Liver.
Aoria. and Splenic Arteries. 7. Ductus Choledocus.
2. Thoracic Aorta. 23. Superior Mesenteric, cut off. 8. Vena Portarum.
3. Abdominal Aorta. 9.10.11. The Stomach.
24. Emulgent Arteries.
4. Arteria Innominata. 12. The Duodenum.
25. Inferior Mesenteric.
5. Right Primitive Carotid. 13. The Spleen.
26. Division of the Aorta into Iliacs. 14. The Pancreas.
6. Superior Thyroid.
27. Middle Sacral— last Branch of 15. The Great Omentum.
7. Right Sub-CIavian. 16. The Small Intestines.
the Aorta.
8. Vertebral. 17. Tripod of Haller.
9. Inferior Thyroid.
28. Primitive Iliacs. 18. Abdominal Aorta.
29. External Iliacs. 19. Phrenic Arteries.
10. Anterior Cervical.
20. Coronary Artery of the Stomach.
30. Epigastric Artery.
11. Transverse Cervical. 21. Splenic Artery.
12. Superior Scapular. 31. Circumflex Ilii.
22. Gastric Artery.
13. Superior Intercostal. 32. Internal Iliac Artery. 23. Hepatic Artery.

14. Section of Internal Mammary. 33. Ileo-Lumbar. 24. Right Gastro-Epiploic Ariery.
25. Branches to the Greater Curva-
15. Left Primitive Carotid. 34. Lateral Sacral.
ture of the Stomach.
16. Left Sub-CIavian. 35. Gluteal. 26. Branches to the Omentum Ma-
17. A small Artery to the Superior 36. Vesical Arteries. jus.
Mediastinum. 37. Obturator.
27. Main Trunk of the Hepatic
dividing into Right and Left
18. Some of the Upper Intercostal 38. Ischiatic. Branches, and giving off the
Arteries. 39. Internal Pudic. Cystic Artery.

Fage 147.
 FIG. 463. FIG. 464.

THE MESENTERIC ARTERIES.

FIG. 463. FIG. 464.

A View of the Distribution of the Superior The Distribution of the Inferior Mesente-
Mesenteric Artery. ric Artery.

1. Descending portion of the Duodenum. 1. Superior Mesenteric, with its Branches to the

'2. The Transverse portion. small Intestines turned back.

3. The Pancreas. 2. The Ccecum.
4. The Jejunum. 3. Ascending Colon.
5. The Ileum. 4. Transverse Colon.
6. The Ccecum. 5. Descending Colon.
7. The Ascending Colon. 6. Sigmoid Flexure.
8. The Transverse Colon. 7. The Rectum.
9. The commencement of the Descending Colon. J 8. The Aorta.

10. The Superior Mesenteric Artery. 9. The Inferior Mesenteric Artery.

11. The Colica Media. 10. Colica Sinistra.

j

12. Anastomosis with the Colica Sinistra. 11. Colica Media anastomosing with the latter.

13. Anastomosis with thePancreatico-Duodenalis. 12. Branches of the Inferior Mesenteric to the
\

1 I. Colica Dextra Artery. Sigmoid Flexure.

15. Ileo-Colic Artery. > 13. Superior Hemorrhoidal.
It;. Branches of the Superior Mesenteric to the 5 14. The Pancreas.

small Intestines. i 15. Descending portion of the Duodenum.

Pnge 14«.
 FIG 4G5. FIG. 406.

THE AORTA AND FEMORAL ARTERIES.

FIG. 4G5. FIG. 4C6
A View of the Abdominal Aorta and its A Front View of the Femoral Artery, as
Branches. well as of the external and primitive
Iliacs of the Right Side.
1.1. The Diaphragm. 1. Primitive Iliac Artpry.
2. Foramen Quadratum and Section of the
2. Internal Iliac Artery.
Ascending Vena Cava.
3. Foramen CEsophageum and Section of the 3. External Iliac Artery.
Oesophagus. 4. Epigastric Artery.
4. Foramen Aorticum in the Crura of the 5. Circumflex Ilii Artery.
Diaphragm. The Phrenic Arteries are 6. Arteria Ad Cutem Abdominis.
seen going to the Diaphragm.
7. Commencement of the Femoral just un-
5. Capsular Renales.
{J. The Kidneys. der the Crural Arch.
7. Abdominal Aorta. 8. Point where it passes the Vastus Internus
8. Phrenic Arteries. Muscle.
9. Coeliac —
giving off. 9. Point where it leaves the Front of the
10. The Splenic. Thigh become
to Popliteal.
1 1. The Gastric.
10. Muscular Branch to the Psoas and Iliacus.
12. The Hepatic.
13. Section of Superior Mesenteric. 11. External Pudio Artery cut off.

14. Emulgent Arteries. 12. Origin of the Internal Circumflex.

15. Spermatic Arteries. 13. Profunda Femoris.
1(>. Inferior Mesenteric. 14. Muscular Branch.
17.17. Lumbar Arteries.
15. 1G. Artery to the Vastus Externus Muscle.
18. Division of the Abdominal Aorta.
19. Its last —
Branch the Middle Sacral. 17. Artery to the Pectinous and Adductors.
18. First Perforating Artery.
20. Primitive Iliacs.
21. Ureters — in their Position to the Arteries. 19.19. Muscular Arteries.
22. Internal Iliacs. 20.21. Anastomotica.
23. Fxternal Iliacs.
22. Superior External Articular.
21. Circumflex Ilii.
23. Middle Articular.
25. Distribution of the Epigastric.
2ii. Bladder distended with Urine. The Ve- 24. Inferior External Articular.
sical Arteries are seen near it. 25. Inferior Internal Articular.

Page 149.
 F I C. 4G7. FIG. 4GS.

ARTERIES OF THE PERINEUM AND GROIN.

FIG. 467. ',
2. Section of this Muscle.
The Arteries in the Perineum of the Male \ 3. Its Tendon turned off and upwards.
On the Right Side they a he seen directly $
4. Its Tendon turned downwards and expos-
under the Fascia, but on the Left Side are \
ing the Inguinal Canal.
under the muscles. 5.6.7. Sub-Cutaneous Arteries.
1. Internal Pudic Artery between the twoSacro- 8. A Branch of the Ad Cutem Abdominis.
Sciatic Ligaments. 9. Surface of the Obliquus Internus Muscle.

2. The same Artery between the Transversus 10. Surface of the Transversalis Muscle.

Perinei and Erector Penis Muscles. 11. Section of the Fascia Transversalis.

3. Inferior Hemorrhoidal Artery. 12. Branch of the Epigastric.

4. Superficial Arteries to the Fat around the 13. Epigastric Artery.

Anus. 14. Muscular Arteries, Branches from the Epi-

5. The Perineal Artery. gastric and Circumflex Ilii.

C.G. Urethro-Bulbar Artery. 15. Lower Edge of the Transversalis Muscle,

7.7. Branches of the same to the Corpus Spon- giving off Fibres to form the Cremaster.
giosum. 16. Section of the Linea Alba.
8.9. Branches to the Scrotum and Dartos. 17. Rectus Abdominis Muscle.
10. Cavernous Artery. 18. Spermatic Cord, entire.

11. Ramus Superficialis Dorsi Penis. 19. An Arteriole from the Epigastric.

20. Another to the Fascia.

FIG. 468. 21. End of the External Iliac Artery.

A View of the Arteries in the Groin of the 22. The Femoral Artery.

Left Side in their relative Positions, the 23. The Profunda Femoris.
Inguinal Canal being opened. 24. External Circumflex.

1. Aponeurosis of the Obliquus Externus Mus- ) 25. A Branch to the Fascia Lata.
cle. 26. External Pudic Artery.

Pa?M 150,
 FIG. 469. FIG. 470. FIG. 471.

THE FEMORAL ARTERY.

FIG. 469. 29. Superior Internal Articular Ar- tribution to the head of the
tery. Biceps and Semi-Tendinous
The Arteries of the Pelvis 30. Inferior Internal Articular Ar- Muscles, as well as its Branches
and Thigh, as seen prom the tery. to the Gemini, Piriformis, and
31. Anastomosis of these with Anas- Quadratus Femoris Muscles.
Inner Side, bv a Vertical |

tomotica. > 8. Termination and distribution of

Section. |
Iniernal Circumflex.

1. Inferior Extremity of the Abdo- FIG. 470. |

9. Profunda Femoris seen in the
' thickness of the Adductors.
minal Aorta, just where it di- A View of the Femoral Ar- 10. A Branch to Adductor Longus
vides into the Iliac Arteries. tery, as it emerges from
J

and Brevis.
2. Right Primitive Tliac.
3. Right External Iliac.
Poupart's Ligament. 11. First Perforating Artery, going
to Vastus Externus.
4. Origin of Epigastric Artery. 1. Adductor Brevis Muscle.
Adductor Magnus. 12. Second Perforating Artery.
5. Circumflex Ilii. 2.
Obturator Externus Muscle. 13. Third Perforating Artery.
Hypogastric or Internal Iliac 3.
4. Femoral Artery. 14. Termination of Profunda Fe
Artery.
Profunda Femoris. moris in the Biceps Muscle.
Ileo Lumbar. 5.
Gluteal. 6. External Circumflex Artery. 15. A Branch to the short Head ol
the Biceps.
Obturator. 7. Origin of Internal Circumflex
Artery.
16. Popliteal Artery.
Lateral Sacral.
17.18.19. Its Muscular Branches.
Vesical Arteries cut off. 8. First Perforating Artery.
Branch Ad- 20.21. Gastrocnemial Arteries.
Middle Hemorrhoidal. 9. Another to the
Internal Pudic. ductor Muscles.
Ischiatic. 10. The Obturator Artery. FIG. 472.
Origin of the Femoral Artery
at theCrural Arch. FIG. 471.
A View of the distribution of
Point where it passes through the deep-seated external
theAdductor Muscles. A View of the Arteries on Branches of the Ischiatic
Profunda Major. the back of the Thigh Artery.
Internal Circumflex. and Buttock, as well as
First Perforatory Artery. 1. Gluteus Minimus Muscle.
on the back of the Ham. 2. Pyriformis.
Second Perforatory Artery.
Third Perforatory Artery. 1. Gluteal Artery as it escapes 3. Lower one of the Gemini Mus-
Another Perforatory Artery. from the Pelvis. cles.

Femoral, seen in the Adductors. 2.3.4. Branches which it furnishes 4. Quadratus Femoris.
The Anastomoticaof the Femo- to the Gluteus Medius and 5.6. Ischiatic Artery in its course
ral. Gluteus Minimus Muscles. outside the Pelvis to the Ro-
A Branch to the Sartorius Mus- 5. Small Cutaneous Arteries given tator Muscles.
cle. off by the posterior Branches 7. A Branch to the Capsular Liga-
Popliteal Artery. of the Sacral Arteries. ment.
8. Internal Pudic just after it leaves
The same Artery behind the 6.6. Internal Pudic from its exit from
Knee-joint under the Soleus the Pelvis to the root of the the Pelvis.
Muscle. Penis. 9. Its position on the Ramus ol

28. A Supernumerary Articular Ar- 7.7.

Ischiatic Artery as it escapes the Ischium.
tery. from the Pelvis to its dis- 10. Internal Circumflex Artery.

Page 151.
 FIG. 174. FIG. 475.

FIG. 473.

ARTERIES OF THE LEG.

FIG. 473. FIG. 475.

A View or the Arteries in the Popliteal A View Back or the

of the Arteries on the
Space. Leg. The Muscles have been removed so
Popliteal Artery.
as to display the Vessels in their whole
1.
2. Internal Gastrocnemial Artery.
LENGTH.
3. External Gastrocnemial Artery. 1. The Popliteal Artery, cut off so as to
4.5. Division of these Arteries in the Substance
show the Articular Arteries.
of the Muscle. 2. Lower End of the same Artery on the
Popliteus Muscle.
FIG, 474. 3. Point of Bifurcation into the Posterior
Tibial and Peroneal.
A View or the Anterior Tibial Artery and
4. Superior Internal Articular Artery.
its Bkanches. 5. Superior External Articular Artery.
1.1, The remains of the Extensor Proprius Polli- 6. Middle Articular Artery.
cis Pedis Muscle and Tendon. 7. Inferior Internal Articular Artery.
2.2. Superficial Branches from the Popliteal Ar- R. Inferior External Articular Artery.
tery, known as Articular Arteries. 9. Branch to the Head of the Soleus Mus-
3, Anterior Tibial Artery, as it comes through cle.
the Interosseous Ligament. 10. Origin of the Anterior Tibial Artery.
The same Artery, on the middle of the Leg. 11. Origin of the Posterior Tibial Artery.
Point where it passes under the Extensor 12. Point where it passes behind the Annu-
Proprius Tendon and the Annular Ligament. lar Ligament to become the Plantar.
Recurrent Branch. .14.15. Muscular Branches.
Branch to the Extensor Communis, Soleus 16. Origin of the Peroneal Artery.
and Peroneus Longus Muscles. .17. Muscular Branches.
Other Muscular Branches. .18. Anastomosis of the Posterior Tibial and
Pedal Artery, or continuation of the Ante- Peroneal Arteries nrar the Heel.
rior Tibial on the Foot. 19. Muscular Branch from the Anterior Ti-
External Malleolar Artery. bial.

Fage 152.
 FIG. 476.

FIG. 477. FIG. 478. FIG. 479.

BRANCHES OF THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR- TIBIAL ARTERIES.

*
FIG. 476. 10. Superior Branches of the Meta-
j
8. Posterior Inferior Branch of
Tarsal Artery. the Peroneal.
The Superficial Arteries on 11. Interosseal Arteries. j

the top op the Foot. 12. Posterior Perforating Branches

FIG.
!

of the Meta-Tarsal. 479.

1. Tibialis Anticus Muscle.
13. Plantar Interosseous Arteries, !

The Deep-seated Branches of

2. Extensor Proprius Pollicis Pedis.
seen through the Meta-Tarstis.
3. Extensor Communis Tendon, cut
Anterior Perforating Branches
j
the Arteries on the Sole
:> 14.
of the Foot.
;

off.
of the Meta-Tarsal.
4. Extensor Brevis Digitorum Pe- '

Posterior Tibial Artery by the

15. Bifurcation of the Interosseal to 1.
dis.
give the Digital of the Toes. side of the Astragalus.
Anterior Tibial Artery, between
;

5.
16. Dorsalis Hallucis. 2. Branches to the Calcis.
the Extensor Tendons.
17. A Branch to the inside of the 3. Branch of the Posterior Peroneal
Some of its Muscular Branches.
!

6.
Great Toe. Artery.
7. Internal Malleolar Artery. Bifurcation of the Posterior Ti-
18. Bifurcation of the Dorsalis Hal- 4.
8. Lower portion of the Anterior lucis. bial into the Internal and Exter-
Tibial Artery. nal Plantar.
19. Its Perforating Branch.
9. Point where it sinks to anasto- 5. Origin of the External Plantar
20.21.22. Distribution of the Digit-
mose with the Plantar. als of the Toes. Artery.
10.11. Two Malleolar Arteries.
23. Section of the Posterior Tibial. 6. Point where
it forms the Plantar
12.13. Muscular Branches of the Arch.
24. Branch of the Posterior Pero-
Anterior Tibial on the Foot. Anastomosis of the Anterior Ti-
neal Artery. 7.
14. Meta-Tarsal Artery. bial with the Plantar Arch.
15.16.17. Its Interosseal Branches 8.9.10. Muscular Branches of the
and their distribution. FIG. 478. External Plantar Artery.
A View of the Arteries on 11. Anastomosis of
this Artery with
THE BACK OF THE LEG AND the Meta-Tarsal.
FIG. 477.
12.13. External Digital of the Little
THEIR continuation on to
The Deep-seated Arteries on the Sole of the Foot.
Toe.
the top of the foot. 14. Digital Arteries of the otherToes.
1.1. Tendons of the Flexor Com- 15.15. Their distribution on the Toes.
1. Point where the Anterior Tibial munis and Flexor Longus Pol- 16. Origin of the Internal Plantar
comes on to the Foot. licis Pedis. Artery.
2. The same Artery on the Tarsal 2. Tendon of the Peroneus Lon- 17. Its anastomosis with the Arcus
Bones. gus. Plantaris.
3. Point where it dips to the Plan- 3. Posterior Tibial Artery at the 18.19.20. Muscular Branches of the
tar Arteries. Ankle. Internal Plantar Artery.
4. Internal Malleolar Artery. 4.4. External and Internal Plantar 21. Digital of theBig Toe, as formed
5. External Malleolar Artery. Arteries. by the anastomosis of the Inter-
6. A Branch to the Extensor Brevis 5. Point where it dips to form the nal Plantar and Arcus Plantaris.
Muscle. Arcus Plantaris. 22. Sub- Articular Branch of the
7. Branches of the Tarsal Artery. 6. Peroneal Artery. Great Toe.
S. Branches to the Ligaments. 7. A Branch to anastomose with 23. Anastomosis in the Pulp of the
9. Meta-Tarsal Artery. the Posterior Tibial. Toe.
Page 153.
 FIG. 480.

ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK,

FIG. 480. \
9. Zygomatic Branch of the Facial Artery.
10. Nasal Branch of the Facial Vein.
\ Front View op the relative Positions of j

11. Anastomosis of the Facial Artery and

the Veins and Arteries of the Face and
Vein with the Ophthalmic Artery.
Neck. On the Right Side the Superficial i

12. Venous Arch above the Nose.

Vessels are seen, and the Deep-seated
13. Frontal Vein.
ones on the Left.
14. Temporal Vein.
1. Primitive Carotid Arteries.
15. Temporal Artery.
2. Superior Thyroid Arteries. Branches of the Temporal Artery
16. Frontal
3. Internal Jugular Veins. and Vein.
1. External Jugular Veins. 17. Infra-Orbitar Vessels.
j

5. A Branch known as the Anterior Jugular >

1R. Sub-Aponeurotic Branch of the Temporal
Vein, Vein.
(j. Superior Thyroid Veins. 19, 20. Venous Anastomosis around the Eye-Lids.

7. Facial Arteries. 21. Frontal Branches of the Ophthalmic Ves-

8. Facial Veins. 5
sels of Willis.

Page 154,
 FIG. 481. FIG. 482.

THE VESSELS OF THE HEAD AND NECK.

FIG. 481. FIG. 482.
A View of the Heart, with the Great Ves- A Side View of the Superficial Arteries
sels op the Neck in Situ. and Veins of the Face and Neck.
Right Ventricle of the Heart. External Jugular Vein, seen under the
Right Auricle. Platysma Myodes Muscle.
Left Ventricle. Anastomosing Branch from the Cephalic
Left Auricle. Vein of the Arm to the External Jugular.
External Jugular after the removal of the
Pulmonary Artery.
Platysma Muscle.
Arch of the Aorta.
Communication of the External and Inter-
Descending Vena Cava at its entrance
nal Jugulars by means of the Facial Vein.
into the Right Auricle.
Occipital Vein and Branches.
Ascending Vena Cava. Occipital Artery.
o. Thoracic Aorta. Posterior Auricular Artery and Vein.
10. Arteria Innominata. Point where the External Jugular is formed
n. Right Brachio-Cephalic Vein. by the union of the Temporal and Internal
12. Left Brachio-Cephalic Vein. Maxillary Veins.
13. Section of the Sub-Clavian Artery. Temporal Artery and Parietal Vein.
14. Section of the Sub-Clavian Vein. Frontal Branches of the same on the
:

15.15. Primitive Carotid Arteries. top of the Head are seen the Anastomoses
16.16. Internal Jugular Veins. of these Vessels with the Occipital.
17.17. External Jugular Veins. Between these 11, Internal Jugular Vein.
Veins is seen the Section of the Sterno- 12, Superior Thyroid Artery and Vein.
13, Lingual Artery and Vein.
Cleido-Mastoid Muscle.
14, Facial Artery.
18. The Trunk formed by the Superficial Cer-
15. Point of its Anastomosis with the Nasal
vical Veins, known sometimes as the An-
Branch of the Ophthalmic.
terior Jugular Vein.
16. Facial Vein separated from the Artery, ex-
19. A Branch from it to the Facial. cept at its Origin and Termination.
20. Main Trunk from the Inferior Thyroid 17. Inferior Coronary Artery and Vein.
Veins. 18. Superior Coronary Artery and Vein.
21. Superior Thyroid Vein. in. Ascending Nasal Vein.
22. Transverse Cervical Artery and Vein. 20. Nasal Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery
23. Lingual Artery and Vein. and Vein.
21. Facial Artery and Vein. 21.22, Frontal Vein.

huge 165.
 FIG. 484. FIG. 483. FIG. 495.

THE VERTEBRAL SINUSES.

FIG. 483. 1.1. A
succession of Sinuses, commencing in-
A Longitudinal Section of the Skull and Canal.
feriorly in the Sacral

Spinal Column to show their Sinuses. 2.2. Circles formed throughout the Canal by the
Veins which come out of the Vertebne.
1.1.1. The Vertebral Sinus inits whole length.
3.3. Venous Branches which form the commu-
2.2. Venous Trunks from the Bodies of the nication of the Internal and External Veins
Vertebrae, opening into the Vertebral Sinus. of the Spinal Column by the Posterior Fo-
3.3. Foramen for the Vessels which connect the ramina of the Sacrum, or by openings be-
Internal and External Veins of the Spine. tween adjacent Vertebrae.
4, Anastomosis of the Petrous and Trans-
verse Sinuses with the Vertebral.
5. Superior Longitudinal Sinus of the Cere-
FIG. 485.
brum. An Anterior View of the Vertebral Sinus-
6. Inferior Longitudinal Sinus. es,as shown by a Section of the Spinal
7. Sinus Quartus, or Rectus. Column, and the removal of the Bodies
8. Torcular Hierophili. of the Vertebra, and also of the Spinal
9. Sub-Clavian Artery. Marrow.
10. Sub-Clavian Vein.
1.1. The Veins on the Posterior portions of the
11. Internal Mammary Artery between its
Vertebrae.
two Veins.
2. The Transverse Veins of each individual
12. Inter-Costal Veins.
Vertebra running to empty into
13. Lumbar Veins. The Main Trunks or Sinuses.
3.3.
14. External Iliac Artery and Vein.
4.4.5. The Openings of the Veins from the Fo-
15. Epigastric Artery and Vein.
ramina on the Posterior Faces of the Ver-
1G. Circumflex Iliac Artery and Vein.
tebrae and the Plexuses of each Vertebra.
6. The Sacral Veins.
FIG. 484. 7. The Aorta.
The Vertebral Sinuses seen in the whole 8. The Sub-Clavian Artery and Vein.
LENGTH OFTHE SpiNAL CaNAL, BY CUTTING OFF 9. The Carotid Artery.
the Spinous Processes of the VertebrjE. 10. The Descending Vena Cava.
Page 156.
 FIG. 486.

FIG. 487. FIG. 488.

THE VEINS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY.

FIG. 486. 5. The Trunk formed by their union.
6. The Basilic Vein piercing the deep Fascia at 7.
The Superficial Veins on the Front of the 8. The Median Vein.
Upper Extremity. 9. A communicating Branch between the deep Veins
of the Fore-Arm and the upper part of the Median
1. Axillary Artery.
Vein.
2. Axillary Vein.
10. The Median Cephalic Vein.
3. Basilic Vein where enters the Axillary.
it
11. The Median Basilic.
4.4. Portion of the Basilic Vein which passes under
the Brachial Fascia —
a portion of the Vein is freed
12. A
slight convexity of the deep Fascia, formed by
the Brachial Artery.
from the Fascia.
13. The process of Fascia derived from the Tendon of
5. Point where the Median Basilic joins the Basilic
the Biceps, and separating the Median-Basilic
Vein.
Vein from the Brachial Artery.
6. Points to the Posterior Basilic Vein.
14. The External Cutaneous Nerve piercing the deep
8. Anterior Basilic Vein.
Fascia.
9. Point where the Cephalic enters the Axillary Vein.
15. The Internal Cutaneous Nerve dividing into
10. A portion of the same Vein as seen under the
Branches which pass in front of the Median-
Fascia ; the rest is freed from it.
Basilic Vein.
11. Point where the Median Cephalic enters the Ce-
16. The Musculo-Cutaneous Nerve.
phalic Vein.
12. Lower Portion of the Cephalic Vein.
17. The Spiral Cutaneous Nerve, a Branch of the
Musculo-Spiral.
13. Median Cephalic Vein.
14. Median Vein.
15. Anastomosing Branch of the Deep and Superficial FIG. 488.
Veins of the Arm.
16. Cephalica-Pollicis Vein. The Superficial Arch and Veins of the
17. Sub-Cutaneous Veins of the Fingers. Hand.
18. Sub-Cutaneous Palmar Veins. 1. Cephalic Vein of the Thumb.
2. The Anastomosis whence it comes.
of Veins,
3. A Branch of the Anastomosis of the Roots of the
FIG. 487. Cephalic Vein with those of the Hand.
The Veins of the Fore-Arm and bend of the 4. Superficial Veins from the Palmar Aponeurosis.
5. Ulnar Artery, with its Vena; Satellites.
Elbow.
6.7. Its Vena; Satellites in the Superficial Arch.
1. Lower
part of Cephalic Vein. 8. Digital Branches both of Arteries and Veins to
2. part of Cephalic Vein.
Upper the Fingers.
3. Anterior Basilic Vein. 9. Superficial Veins forming a net- work on the Fingers.
4. Posterior Basilic Vein. 10.11. Main Digital Vessels formed by their junction.

Page 157.
 FIG. 490.

Ws&Si

THE VEINS OF THE TRUNK.

FIG. 489. 2. The Descending Vena Cava, cut off at
An Anterior View op the Great Veins of the Heart
the Trunk. 3. Arteria Innominata. The Right Brachio-
cephalic Vein is seen near it.
1. Descending or Superior Vena Cava.
4. Right Primitive Carotid.
2. Right and Left Brachio-Cephalic Veins.
5. Right Internal Jugular Vein.
3. Sub-Clavian Veins.
6. Right External Jugular Vein.
4. Internal Jugular Veins.
7. Occipital Artery and Vein.
5. External Jugular Veins.
8. Sub-Clavian Artery and Vein.
6. Inferior Thyroid Vein.
9. Vertebral Artery and Vein.
7. Primitive Carotid Arteries, cut off below.
10. Axillary Artery and Vein.
8. Vena Azygos receiving the ten Intercostal
11. Humeral Artery and Vein.
Veins.
12. Cephalic Vein of the Arm.
9. Anastomosis of the Vena Azygos with the
13. Sub-Scapular Artery and Vein.
Ascending Vena Cava.
14. External Mammary Artery and Vein.
10. Vena Hemi-Azygos.
15. Scapular Artery and Vein.
11. Trunk of the Vena Azygos after the junction
16. Great Vena Azygos.
of the Vena Hemi-Azygos above this it
;
17. Smaller Vena Azygos, or Hemi-Azygos.
empties into the Descending Vena Cava.
18. Opening or Origin of the Vena Azygos in
12. Superior Inter-Costal Veins emptying into the
the Ascending Vena Cava.
Vena Azygos and the Brachio-Cephalic Vein.
19. Point where the Vena Azygos enters the
13. Lumbar Arteries and Veins.
Descending Vena Cava.
14. Ascending Vena Cava.
20.20. Inter-Costal Arteries and Veins.
15. Emulgent Veins.
21. Lumbar Arteries and Veins.
16. Primitive Iliac Veins.
22. Anastomosing Branch of the Lumbar
17. Internal Iliac Veins.
Vena Azygos and the Primitive Iliac
18. External Iliac Veins.
Veins.
19. External Iliac Arteries cut off.
23. Lowerportion of the Thoracic Aorta.
24. Emulgent Artery and Vein.
FIG. 490.
25. Primitive Iliac Artery and Vein.
A Posterior View of the Arteries and 26. Middle Sacral Artery and Vein.
Veins of the Trunk, showing their rela- 27. Gluteal Artery and Vein.
tive Positions. ,

28. Lateral Sacral Artery and Vein.

1. The Aorta, cut off at its origin in the Heart. !
29. Internal Pudic Artery and Vein.

Fage 158.
 FIG. 491. FIG. 493.

VENJE CAVJE AND VEINS OF THE LEG.

FIG. 491. 7. The Descending Portion of the Duodenum.
A View of the Veins of the Trunk and Neck. 8. Transverse Portion.
Its
9. The Vena Portarum.
1. The Descending Vena Cava.
10. The Hepatic Artery.
2. The Left Vena Innominata.
3. The Right Vena Innominata. 11. The Ductus Communis Choledochus.
4. The Right Sub-Clavian Vein. 12. The Divisions of the Duct and Vessels at
the Transverse Fissure of the Liver.
5. The Internal Jugular Vein.
6. The External Jugular. 13. The Cystic Duct.
7. The Anterior Jugular.
8. The Inferior Vena Cava. FIG. 493.
9. The External Iliac Vein.
10. The Internal Iliac Vein. The Arteries and Deep-seated Veins on the
11. The Primitive Iliac Veins. Back of the Leo.
12.12. Lumbar Veins. 1. Popliteal Vein.
13. The Right Spermatic Vein. 2. Popliteal Artery. *
14. The Left Spermatic Vein. 3.4. Vein and Artery in their relative Position on
15. The Right Emulgent Vein. the Back of the Knee-Joint.
16. The Trunk of the Hepatic Veins. 5. Popliteal Vein on the inner side of the joint.
17. The Vena Azygos. 6. Popliteal Artery without and beneath it.
18. The Hemi-Azygos. 7. Extremity of Saphena Minor Vein.
19. Abranch communicating with the Left 8.9. Internal Articular Vessels, both Arteries and
Renal Vein. Veins.
20. The Termination of the Hemi-Azygos in 10.1 1. External Articular Vessels, both Arteries
the Vena Azygos. and Veins.
21. The Superior Inter-Costal Vein. 12. Junction of the Peroneal and PosteriorTibial
Veins.
13. A Venous Branch from the Anterior Tibial
FIG. 492.
Vein.
An Enlarged View of the Vena Portarum. 14. A Vein from the Gastrocnemius.
1. The Inferior Mesenteric Vein. 15. Anterior Tibial Artery coming through the
2. The Pancreas. Interosseous Ligament.
3. The Splenic Vein. 16. Posterior Tibial Artery.
4. The Spleen. 17. Its two Venae Comites.
5. The Gastric Veins, opening into the Splenic 18. Peroneal Artery.
Vein. 19. Its two Vena? Comites.
6. The Superior Mesenteric Vein. 20. Vessels on the Heel.

Page 159.
 FIG. I'M.

7 IS 12 16
- ._

FIG. 496 FIG. 495. FIG. 497.

VEINS OF THE EXTREMITIES.

FIG. 494. FIG. 495. 4. Internal Saphena at the Middle
of the Calf of the Leg.
The Deep-seated Veins on the A View of the Superficial Veins i
5. Origin of the Saphena Vein at
Front of the Upper Extremity of the Thigh, as seen on its <
the Ankle-Joint.
in their relations to the ar-
inner Side. 6. Anastomosing Branch of the Sa-

TERIES. 1. Great Saphena Vein. phena Major and Minor.

Point where it traverses the Fas-
2. \
7. Branches on the back of the Leg.
Axillary Artery.
cia to enter the Femoral Vein. <
8. The Great Internal Vein of the
Axillary Vein. Foot.
3. Lower Femoral portion of the
Humeral Vein. Saphena in its whole course it
;
|
{
9. The Arch of Veins on the Meta-
Basilic Vein. is on the inner edge of the Sar- S
Tarsal Bones.
Brachial Artery. torius Muscle. I
10. A Branch from the Heel.
The same Artery at the bend of 4. A
Collateral Branch of the Sa- {
1 1 Branches on the Sole of the Foot.
the Arm. phena.
Median Basilic Vein. 5.6. Anastomosing Branches. FIG. 497.
. Cephalic Vein. 7. An Anastomosis which receives The Superficial Veins of the
Median Cephalic Vein. the Veins of the Leg just below Front of the Leg.
the Knee. Saphena Major above the Leg.
Radial Artery. 1.

two Venae Satellites.

Its 2. The same Vein on the inner Side
12. Ulnar Artery.
of the Leg.
FIG. 496. 3. A Transverse Branch below the
Its two Venoe Satellites.
The Superficial Veins on the Knee which receives all the Ve-
Recurrens Radialis Artery and
inner Side of the Legs. nous Branches from the Front of
Vein.
the Leg.
Recurrens Ulnaris Artery and 1. The Saphena Major at the inside A Branch which Anastomoses
Vein. of the Knee. with the Deep-seated Veins.
Interosseal Arteries and Veins. 2. A Collateral Branch of the Sa- 5. The Great Vein on the inner Side
Falmar Arch and Digital Ves- phena Major on the Leg. of ihe Foot.
sels, of which there is an en- 3. The Anastomosis of the Veins G. The Arch formed by the Veins
larged View in Fig. 488. just below the Knee. from the Meta-Tarsus.
^age 160.
 FIG. 498.

THE LYMPHATICS.
FIG. 498. 2. The Axillary Vein. FIG. 500.
The Superficial Lymphatic Ves- 3. The Brachial Artery.
4. The Brachial Vein. A Front View of the Femoral
sels of the Upper Extremity. Iliac and Aortic Lymphatic
1. Median Vein.
5. The Primitive Carotid Artery.
6. The Internal Jugular Vein. Vessels and Glands.
2. Cephalic Vein.
3. Posterior Basilic Vein. 7. The Sub-Cutaneous Lympha- 1. Saphena Magna Vein.
of the Arm at its Upper
'

tics
4. Median Cephalic. 2. External Iliac Artery and Vein.
Part.
5. Cephalic Vein high up the Arm. 3. Primitive Iliac Artery and Vein.
6. Median Basilic Vein. 8. Two or three of the most Infe-
4. The Aorta.
rior and Superficial Glands into
7. Superficial Lymphatics of the 5. Ascending Vena Cava.
Hand. which the Superficial Lympha-
empty.
tics 6.7. Lymphatics which are alongside
8. Lymphatic Trunks from the in-
9. The Deep-seated Lymphatics of the Saphena Vein on the
side of the Hand. !

which accompany the Brachial Thigh.

9.9. Principal Fasciculusof Lympha-
Artery. 8. Lower Set of Inguinal Lympha-
tics from the Front and Back of \

10. The Lymphatics and Glands tic Glands which receive these
the Fore-Arm.
which accompany
the Infra- Vessels.
10. A Branch from the Superficial Superior Set of Inguinal Lym-
to the Deep Lymphatics of the Scapular Blood- Vessels. 9.
11. The Glands and Lymphatics ac- phatic Glands which receive
Fore-Arm.
companying the Thoracica Lon- these Vessels.
1 1 An accidental Lymphatic Gland. I

ga Artery. 10. The Chain of Lymphatics in

12. Superficial Lymphatics which
dipdown with the Basilic Vein. 12. Deeper-seated Lymphatics. Front of the External Iliac Ves-
13. The Lymphatic Glands of the 13. The Axillary Chain of Glands. sels.

Axilla, which receive the Lym- 14. The Acromial Branches of the 11. Lymphatics which accompany
phatic Vessels of the Arm. Lymphatics. the Circumflex Iliac Vessels.
15. The Jugular Lymphatics and 12. Lumbar and Aortic Lymphatics.
Glands. 13. Afferent Trunks of the Lumbar
'
FIG. 499.
16.17. The Lymphatics which emp- Glands, forming the Origin of
A View of the Vessels and Lym- ty into the Sub-Clavian Vein the Thoracic Duct.
phatic Glands of the Axilla. near its junction with the Right 14. Thoracic Duct at its commence-
1. The Axillary Artery. Internal Jugular Vein. ment.

Page 161.
 FIG. 501.

FIG. 502
FIG. 504.

THE LYMPHATICS.
FIG. 501. veral Lymphatic Trunks are 7. The Efferent Trunks from this
seen opening into it. Gland they become Deep-seated
;

A View of the Lymphatics of the 13. The Thoracic Duct dividing, and accompany the Femoral Ar-
Small, Intestines of a Man dead opposite the Middle Dorsal Ver- tery.
from Ascites. tebra, into two branches, which 8. One of the more External Lym-
1. Thoracic Duct. soon re-unite the course of the
; phatic Glands of the Groin.
2. Section of the Aorta. Duct behind the Arch of the 9. A Chain of four or five Inguinal
3. Glands around the Aorta which Aorta and Left Sub-Clavian Ar- Glands, which receive the Lym-
receive the Lymphatics from the tery is shown by a Dotted Line. phatics from the Genitals, Abdo-
Intestine and give off Vessels to 14. The Duct making its turn at the men, and External Portion of the
the Thoracic Duct. Root of the Neck and receiving Thigh.
4. Superficial Lymphatics on the several Lymphatic Trunks pre-
Intestine. vious to terminating in the Pos-
5.5. More Lymphatic Glands receiv- terior Angle of the Junction
FIG. 504.
ing Vessels from the Intestine. of the Internal Jugular and Sub- A View of the Superficial Lym-
6.7. Lymphatics of the Intestine and Clavian Veins. phatics of the Thigh.
Mesentery. 15. The Termination of the Trunk
of the Lymphatics of the Upper 1. The External or Saphena Minor
Extremity. Vein.
FIG. 502. 2. The Venous Anastomosis be-
low the Patella.
A View of the Course and Ter- FIG. 503.
3. Femoral Portion of the Saphena
mination of the Thoracic Duct. The Lymphatic Vessels and Major.
1. Arch of the Aorta. Glands of the Groin of the 4. Point where it enters the Femo-
2. Thoracic Aorta. Right Side. ralVein.
3. Abdominal Aorta. 1. Saphena Magna Vein. 5. The Great Chain of Superficial
4. Arteria Innominata. 2. Veins on the Surface of the Ab- Lymphatics on the inner side
5. Left Carotid. domen. of the Thigh.
6. Left Sub-Clavian. 3. External Pudic Vein. 6.6. A Chain of three or four Paral-
7. Superior Cava. 4. The Lymphatic Vessels collected lel Trunks, which accompany
8. The two Venae Innominata?. in Fasciculi and accompanying the Saphena-Maior Vein.
9. The Internal Jugular and Sub- the SaphenaVein on its inner side. 7. Branches from the Front of the
Clavian Vein at each side. 5. The External Trunks of the same Thigh.
10. The Vena Azygos. set of Vessels. 8. Branches from the Posterior
11. The Termination of the Vena 6. The Lymphatic Gland which re- Part.
Hemi- Azygos in the Vena Azy- ceives all these Vessels. It is 9.9. The Inguinal Glands into which
gos. placed on the Termination of the the Superficial Lymphatics of
12. The Receptaculum Chyli: se- Saphena Vein. the Lower Extremity enter.

Page 162.
 FIG. 505.

THE LYMPHATICS.
FIG. 505. 11. Lymphatics of the External Cir- 8. Branches of Lymphatics from the
A View of the Lymphatics cumflex Vessels. Front and Outside of the Leg.
of the j j 2 Lymphatics on the outer side of
Jejunum and Mesentery, inject- '
9. Branches from the Posterior and
ed the Arteries are also in- the Femoral Vessels. Internal side of theCalf of the Leg.
:

JECTED.
i i
A Lymphatic Gland always
found outside of the Vessels. FIG7~508.
1. Section of the Jejunum. 14. A collection of Vessels and The Deep-seated Lymphatic Ves-
2. Section of the Mesentery. Glands from the Internal Iliac sels and Glands on the back of
3. Branch of the Superior Mesenteric Vessels. the Leg.
Artery. 15. The Lymphatics of the Primi- 1. Popliteal Artery.
4. Branch of the Superior Mesenteric > tive Iliac Vessels.
2. Popliteal Vein.
Vein.
3. Posterior Tibial Vessels : the
5. Mesenteric Glands receiving the
Artery is between its two Veins.
Lymphatics of this Intestine. FIG. 507. 4. Peroneal Artery and Veins.
;
The Superficial Lymphatics of 5. Lymphatic Vessels from the
FIG. the inner side of the Foot and Front of the Leg, coming through
506.
Leg. the Opening in the Interosseous
A Front View of the D eep-seated Ligament.
Lymphatics of the Thigh. 1. The Venous Anastomosis on the 6. Deep-seated Lymphatic Vessels
Phalangial Ends of the Meta- which arise in the Sole of the Foot
1. Lower End of the Aorta. Tarsal Bones.
2. Primitive Iliac Vein. and accompany the Blood- Ves-
2. The Saphena Magna Vein. sels.
3.4. External Iliac Artery and Vein. 3. Lymphatics on the back of the
5. Femoral Artery. 7. Anastomosis of the Superficial
Leg. and Deep-seated Lymphatics.
6. Section of the Femoral Vein. 4. The same Vessels on the lower
7. Vena Saphena on the Leg. 8.9. Uniting Branches of Posterior
part of the Thigh.
8. Lymphatics near the Knee. Tibial Lymphatics.
5.5. Lymphatics coming from the 10.10. Popliteal Ganglions which re-
9. Lymphatics accompanying the Sole of the Foot.
Femoral Vessels. ceive the Deep Lymphatics of
6.6 Lymphatics from the Dorsal the Leg and Foot.
10. Deep Lymphatics going from Surface of the Foot.
11.11. Efferent Popliteal Trunks
the inside of the Thigh to the 7. The Lymphatics which accoin- which accompany the Blood- Ves-
Glands in the Groin. pany the Saphena Vein. \

\ sels to the Femoral Ganglions.

Page 163.
 PART FIFTH.

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

AND

THE SENSES:
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIX FIGURES.
 FIG. 509. FIG. 511. F I G. 510.

THE MEDULLA SPINALIS.

FIG. 509. !
15. ThatonthesidesoftheCranium. 7. The Motor Occuli Nerves.
An Anterior View 16.17.18. Three Branches of the 8. The Pons Varolii.
of the Exter- I

nal Surface of the Dura Ma- !

5th Pair of Nerves piercing the 9. The Fourth Pair of Nerves.
Dura Mater. 10. The lower portion of the Me-
ter of the Spinal Marrow and |

;
19. The Facial and Auditory Nerves dulla Oblongata.
Brain. |

passing through their Canal. 11.11. The Medulla Spinalis in its

1. The portion of the Dura Mater 20. Enlargement for the Internal whole length.
Cerebri which is attached to the Jugular Vein. 12.12. The Spinal Nerves.
Crista Galli. 21. Glosso- Pharyngeal Nerve. 13. The Cauda Equinae.
2. The part covering the Anterior 22. Pneumo-Gastric Nerve piercing
Fossae of the Cranium. the Dura Mater in front of the
A series of little Canals that it
FIG. 511.
3. Enlargement for the Jugular
furnishes to the Olfactory Nerves. Vein. An Anterior View of the Spinal
4. The Fibrous Sheath of the Optic 23.23. The Fibrous Sheaths fur-
Marrow, Medulla Oblongata,
Nerves. nished to the Spinal Nerves by &c, of a new-born Infant.
5. The Eye-Ball. the Dura Mater of the Medulla 1. The Pituitary Gland.
6. The Dura-Mater at the Superior Spinalis. 2. The Infundibulum.
Face of the Sphenoid Bone. 24. The Bones of the Coccyx with 3. The Optic Nerves.
7. The same at the Sella Turcica. the Processes of the Dura Mater 4. The Corpora Albicantia.
8. The portion which covers the inserted into them. 5. Crura Cerebri.
Basilar Gutter. 25. The Anterior Face of the Dura 6. The triangular space between
9. The part which passes through Mater of the Medulla Spinalis. the Crura.
the Foramen Magnum to be 7. Corpus Geniculatum Internum.
continued on to that of the Me- 8. Corpus Geniculatum Externum.
dulla Spinalis.
FIG. 510.
9. Posterior portion of the Thalami
10. The Dura Mater at the Foramen An Anterior View of the Brain Nervi Optici.
Lacerum of the Sphenoid Bone. and Spinal Marrow, as ex- 10. Pons Varolii.
11. The 3d, 4th and 6th Pairs of tracted FROM THEIR OSSEOUS 11. Its Prolongation into the Crus
Nerves, piercing the Dnra Ma- Cavities. Cerebelli.
ter to pass out of the Foramen 1.1. The Hemispheres of the Cere- 12. Emminentia Olivaria.
Sphenoidale. brum. 13. Corpora Pyramidalia.
12. The Dura Mater below the Ca- 2. The Great Middle Fissure. 14. Corpus Restiforme.
vernous Sinus. 3. The Cerebrum. 15. Anterior Middle Fissure of the
13. The Carotid Artery. 4. The Olfactory Nerves. Spinal Marrow.
14. The Dura Mater at the Tempo- 5. The Optic Nerves. 16. Enlargement for the Origin of
ral Fossa. 6. The Corpora Albicantia. the Lumbar Nerves.
166.
 FIG. 51:2 FIG. 514. FIG. 513.

VfTTWa

F I G. 515.

THE MEDULLA SPINALIS.

FIG. 512. Fasciculi of the Corpora 13. The enlargement for the Axil-
Restiformia cut off from lary Nerves.
A Lateral View op the Spi- The enlargement for the Lum-
each side of the Calamus 14. bar
nal Marrow, &c, op a new- Nerves.
Scriptorius.
born Infant, to show the
Lateral Fasciculus, which From the top of this section as far FIG. 514.
j

as the Lumbar portion of the Me-

is then more Apparent.
dulla Spinalis these posterior Fas- An Anterior View of the Me-
1. Crura Cerebri. ciculi have been dissected out dulla Oblongata and of the
2.3.4.One of ihe Hemispheres of down to the Axis of the Medulla. Termination of the Decus-
the Cerebellum. 1. The Pineal Gland. sation of Mitischelli.
5. External Fasciculus of the Crus 2. The Tubercula Quadrigemina.
Cerebelli. 3. Origin of the 4th Pair of Nerves. 1. The Pons Varolii.
6. Lobulus Amygdaloides and 4. The Valve of the Vieussens 2. The Emminentia Olivaria.
Nervi Pneumogastrici. turned up a little. 3. The Corpus Pyramidale.
7. Point where the Lateral Column 5. Posterior portion of the Crus
4. The Corpus Restiforme.
of the Spinal Marrow enters Cerebri.
5. The Decussation of Mitischelli.
the Cerebellum. 6. Section of the Crus Cerebelli.
6. The Anterior Columns of the
Spinal Marrow.
8. Pons Varolii. 7. Anterior portion of the Crus
9.10.11. Continuation of 7, or of the Cerebri. 7. The Lateral Columns.
Lateral Fasciculus all the way 8. Section of the Corpus Resti-
down the Spinal Marrow. In forme on one side. FIG. 515.
the new-born Infant it is very 9. The Corpus Restiforme un-
nearly white, whilst the matter touched on the other side. A View of a small portion ov
around is of a light grey. 10. A prominent Lateral Fasciculus the Spinal Marrow, show-
12. Emminentia Olivaria. on the Floor of the Calamus ing the Origins of some of
13. Corpora Pyramidalia. Scriptorius.
Point of the Calamus. From
the Spinal Nerves.
14. Corpus Restiforme. 11.
its Point to the End of the 1. The Anterior or Motor Root of a
Medulla Spinalis are seen the Spinal Nerve.
FIG. 513. junctions of the Fasciculi of 2. The Posterior or Sensory Root
each side, which make the Axis of a Spinal Nerve.
A Posterior View of the Me- of the Medulla Spinalis. 3. The Ganglion connected with the
dulla Spinalis, with the 12. The Lateral Fasciculus. latter.

Page 167.
 FIG. 516. FIG. 517.

„J

THE MEDULLA SPINALIS.

FIG. 516. FIG. 518.
An Anterior View or the Spinal Marrow, \ A View of the Cervical Nerves of a Child
seen in its whole length, after removal of four Years of age, showing the Ante-
from the Spinal Canal. rior Fissure laid open and the Suture-like
1. Lines indicating the Corpora Pyramidalia. appearance of the Anterior Commissure.
2. Eminentia Olivaria.
3. Face of the Spinal Marrow.
Anterior
1. The Sides of the Anterior Middle Fissure.
4. Roots of the Cervical .Spinal Nerves.
Anterior 2. The union of the two Halves, or the Anterior Com-
5. Roots of the Dorsal Nerves.
Anterior missure of the Spinal Marrow.
6. Roots of the Lumbar Nerves.
Anterior
7. Roots of the Sacral Nerves.
Anterior
8.9.10.11. The Anterior and Posterior Roots of the
FIG. 519.
Spinal Nerves, united to pass out of the Dura Ma- A View of the Posterior Commissure of the
ter. same Subject.
12. Dura Mater of the Medulla Spinalis.
13. Ganglia onthe Cervical Nerves. 1. The Sides or Borders of the Posterior Fissure.
14. Ganglia on the Dorsal Nerves. 2. The union of the two Sides at the bottom of the
15. Ganglia onthe Lumbar Nerves. Fissure, or the Posterior Commissure. This is seen
If). Ganglia onthe Sacral Nerves. to be formed by Longitudinal Fibres, whilst the
17. Cauda Equince. Anterior is by Transverse.
18. Sub-Occipital Nerve.
19. Ligamentum Denticulatum.
FIG. 520.

FIG. 517. A Transverse Section of the Spinal Mar-

A row.
Posterior View of the same Spinal Mar-
row. 1.1. The two Halves of the Spinal Marrow.
1. Inferior Extremity of the Medulla Oblongata. 2. The Anterior Middle Fissure.
2. The Calamus Scriptorius. 3. The Posterior Middle Fissure.
3. The Posterior Face of the Spinal Marrow, with 4. The position of the Cineritous Matter to each
the Middle Fissure. Half of the Spinal Marrow.
4.5.6.7. The Posterior Roots of the Cervical, Dorsal, 5. The Origin of one of the Anterior Roots of a
Lumbar and Sacral Nerves. The other parts of Spinal Nerve.
this cut are the same as in Fig. 516. 6. The Origin of one of the Posterior Roots.
Page 168.
%
 PIG. 522. FIG. 521.

FIG. 523. FIG. 524.

THE CEREBRAL SINUSES AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

FIG. 521. 4. Posterior Extremity of the Su- ! 16. The Cavernous Sinus.
A View of the Dura Mater of the perior Longitudinal Sinus. ! 17. The Circular Sinus around the
Cranium and part of the Spi- 5. Portions of the Lateral Sinuses. 2 Sella Turcica and opening into
nal Canal, with their Sinuses. 6. Outline of the Lower Occipital < the Cavernous Sinus.
Sinus.
1.2.3. A Section of the Bones com- The Torcular Hierophili.
\

posing the Vault of the Cranium,

7. FIG. 524.
8.9. The Openings into the Torcu- A Posterior Superior View of
showing the arched attachment \
lar Hierophili.
of the Falx Major. the Pons Varolii, the Cere-
4. Anterior portion of the Superior bellum, and the Medulla Ob-
Longitudinal Sinus. longata and Spinalis.
FIG. 523.
5. Its Middle Portion. 1.1. The Crura Cerebri.
6. Its Inferior Portion the outer
;
A Horizontal Section of the 2. The Pons Varolii or Tuber-
table of the Cranium is removed.
;

'.,
Cranium to show the Sinuses Annularis.
7. Commencement of the Inferior !
at its Base: those on the Right 3. Its middle Fossa.
Longitudinal Sinus. Side are injected, those on the 4. An Oblique Band of Medullary
8. Its Termination in the Straight !
Left are empty. Matter seen passing from its
Sinus. 1. The Fossae for the Anterior side.
9. The Sinus Quartus or Rectus. \
Lobes of the Brain. 5. The External Surface of the
10. The VenEe Galeni. 2. The Fossae for the Middle Lobes. Crus Cerebelli in its natural
11. One of the Lateral Sinuses. > 3. The Fossee for the Posterior state.
12. The Torcular Hierophili. Lobes. 6. The same portion deprived of
13. The Sinus of the Falx Cerebelli. 4. The Basilar Gutter lined by the outer layer.
j
14. The Internal Jugular Vein. I Dura Mater. 7. The Nervous Matter which
15. The Dura Mater of the Spinal 5. The Optic Nerves. united it to 4.
Marrow. 6. The Infundibulum. 8. The Trigeminus or Fifth Pair
16. The Tentorium Cerebelli. 7. A
Section of the Superior Lon- of Nerves.
17.17. The Falx Cerebri. gitudinal Sinus. 9. Portion of the Auditory Nerve.
8. The Torcular Hierophili. The white Neurine is seen
9. The Middle part of the Lateral
FIG. 522. passing from the Oblique Band
Sinuses. which comes from the Corpus
The Junction of the Sinuses of >
10. The same Sinus at the Poste- Restiforme to the Trigeminus
the Dura Mater, seen from be- rior Foramen Lacerum. Nerve in front, and the Auditory
j
HIND AND LAID OPEN. One of the Occipital Sinuses.
11. Nerve behind.
1.1. Aportion of the Dura Mater of < 12. The Superior Petrous Sinus. 10.11. The Superior portion of the
the Superior Occipital Fossa. 13. Its Anterior Extremity opening Hemispheres of the Cerebellum.
2.2. Portion of the Dura Mater of {
into the Cavernous Sinus. 12. Lobulus Amygdaloides.
the Inferior Occipital Fossa. \
14. The Inferior Petrous Sinus. 13. Corpus Olivare.
3. The Dura Mater from the Fo- 15. The Sella Turcica of the Sphe- 14. Corpus Pvramidale.
ramen Magnum. noid Bone. 15. Medulla Spinalis.
I i
 FIG. 525. FIG. 526.

FIG. 527. FIG. 528.

THE CEREBELLUM.
FTG. 525. 2. Canal for the Corpus Pyra- I 3 Its Inferior Surface,and also
A View of the Superior Face of midale. the Arbor Vita?. In the Trunk
the Cerebellum. 3. Canal for the Emminentia of the Arbor Vitse are seen
1.1. The Circumference of the Olivaria. three Fasciculi running up to
Cerebellum. 4. Canal for the Fasciculi of the Tubercula Quadrigemina.
2. The Space between its He- the Corpus Restiforme. The most internal of these is
mispheres behind. 5. The Seventh Pair of Nerves. A Fibrous Layer in which are
3. One of the Hemispheres of 6. The Auditory Nerve. collected the Filaments
all

the Cerebellum, showing the 7. The Roots of these Nerves which pass from the Parietes
Laminae which compose it. united to the Floor of the 4th of the Aqueduct of Sylvius to
4. The Vermis Superior. Ventricle. the Vermis Inferior.
8. Medullary Layer to unite the Is the Fasciculus outside of
5. The Tubercula Quadrige-
mina.
j
Auditory Nerves to the Lo- the preceding, which runs
Section of the Crura Cerebri. bulus Amygdaloides. from the Trunk of the Arbor
6.
9. These Lobules.
j
Vitse behind the Tubercula
10. Medullary Matter by which Quadrigemina.
FIG. 526.
the Auditory Nerves are con- Is that from which all the
A View of the Inferior Surface s

nected with the Vermis In-

of the Cerebellum and a for- >
Fasciculi of the Vermis Su-
tion of the MedullaOblongata. i
ferior. perior pass to the Tubercula
The Circumference of the
11. The Vermis Inferior. Quadrigemina.
1.1.
Cerebellum.
j
12. The Striae running to the A very delicate Medullary
\
Lobulus Amygdaloides. Layer, which passes from
2.2. The two Hemispheres of
13. Posterior Face of the Left the Anterior Surface of the
the Cerebellum.
Crus Cerebelli. Crus Cerebelli under the Ci-
3. Lobulus Amygdaloides.
14. External face of this Crus. neritious Matter of the Cere-
4. The Vermis Inferior.
5. Lobulus Nervi Pneumogas-
15.15. The Expansion of the Fi- brum.
\
bres of the Crus Cerebelli.
trici. The Anterior Extremity of the
16. Left Corpus Rhomboideum
6. The Calamus Scriptorius. Fourth Ventricle, drawn back
laid open ; on the other side
7. Its Point. and leading to the Aqueduct
untouched.
it is
8. Section of the Medulla Ob- of Sylvius.
17. The Fissure between the He-
longata. \ 9, Middle Furrow on the Floor
mispheres of the Cerebellum.
9. Points to the Origin of the of the Fourth Ventricle.
Pneumo<rastric Nerve. 10 Tracts of Nervous Matter Tun-
FIG. 528. ning to the Auditory Nerve.
FIG. 527.
A View of the Arbor VitjE and 11 Elevated portion of the same
A View of the under side of the the Fundamental Portion of on the Floor of the Fourth
Cerebellum. The Pons Varolii the Cerebellum, together Ventricle.
isat the top of the Cut, and with the Floor of the Fourth 12 Middle Fissure in the Cala-
the Fasciculi of the SriNAL Ventricle.
Marrow which ran on to the mus Scriptorius.
Pons have been carefully de- 1. TheTuberculaQuadrigemina.j 13 Corpora Restiformia.
,

tached. 2. The Superior Surface of the; 14 , Lateral portion of the Spinal

1. Pons Varolii. Cerebellum. Marrow.
Fage l"ii.
 FIG. 529 FIG. 530.

FIG. 531. FIG. 532.

THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA AND CEHEBELLUM.

FIG. 529. FIG. 530. FIG. 531.
A Posterior View of the Me-
j
! A View of the Prolongation of
In this Figure the External
the Anterior Fasciculus of
:

dulla Oblongata, as split '

PORTION OF THE CrUS CeRE-

the Crus Cerebelli into the
open vertically on the mid- Fibres of the Lobulus Amyg- belli has been removed so
DLE Line. daloides, &c, given by a Ver- as to show the deeper-seat-
At the bottom of the Fissure is a tical Section of the Cerebel- ed parts, as the prolonga-
succession of Fasciculi which inter- i lum, and turning it back. TION of the Auditory and
lock and cross from Right to Left. The Arbor Vitae of the Vermis
i 1.
Trigeminus Nerves into the
The Cerebellum has also been cut Superior.
off from its Crura with great care, 2. The Medullary Matter which Fundamental portion of
so as to show plainly the three prin- passes from the Cortical sub- the Cerebellum.
cipal elements in its composition. stance of the Cerebellum to the 1. Expanding Fibres of the Crus Ce-
1. The Thalami Nervi Optici slight- Tubercula Quadrigemina. rebri.
ly separated. 3. Section of the Lobulus Amyg- Posterior Surface
2. of the Crus
daloides and Nervi Pneumogas- Cerebri.
2. The Corpora Geniculata. trici.
3. The Tubercula Quadrigemina. 3. Trigeminus Nerve.
4. The Internal Fasciculus of the
4. Its Prolongation to the centre of
4. The Pineal Gland divided in the Anterior portion of the Crus
the Cerebellum.
middle. Cerebelli.
5. Its Prolongation to the Corpus
5. Prolongations of this Fasciculus
5. The Aqueduct of Sylvius laid Restiforme.
into theLobulus Amygdaloides
open. 6. Auditory Nerve.
and Nervi Pneumogastrici.
The Fasciculated portion of the 7. Medullary Matter going from this
6. 6. The Root of the Auditory
Nerve to the Trigeminus.
Crura Cerebelli. Nerve which forms with the
preceding parts a system of Fi- 8. Doubling of the Fibres of the
7.8.9. The Internal, Middle and Ex-
bres which envelope the Inter-
Laminae of the Cerebellum and
ternal Fasciculi of the Crura their continuation to Fig. 7.
Cerebellar Prolongations of the
Cerebelli.
Corpus Restiforme. All these 9. Emminentia Olivaria.
10. Root of the Auditory Nerve. Fibres form the Parietes of the
11. Corpus Restiforme. 4th Ventricle and the Aqueduct
12. Posterior portion of the Corpus of Sylvius. FIG. 532.
7. The Testes.
Pyramidale.
8. Anterior extremity of the 4th A View of the Appearance of
13. Posterior Middle Fissure of the Ventricle the Medullary streak
;
the Convolutions of one
SpinalMarrow. just above the Line is the Valve Side of the Cerebrum, as
14. Point of the Calamus Scripto- of the Brain. seen from above.
9. The nervous tracts on the Ca-
rius.
lamus Scriptorius. 1. The Anterior Lobe of the Cere-
Between these Figures is seen
15. 1 5. 10. Lower portion of the Calamus. brum.
the interlocking of the two 11.12. The Medulla Oblongata and J 2. Its Posterior Lobe.
halves of the MedullaOblongata. Spinalis. *
3. The Middle Lobe.
Page 171
 FIG. 533.

THE CEREBRUM.
FIG. 533. i 18 Superior part of the Medulla Spinalis.
A View of the Base of the Cerebrum and i* Middle Fissure of the Medulla Oblongata.
Cerebellum, together with their Nerves. 20, The Corpus Pyramidale.
1. AnteriorExtremity of the Fissure of the j
21 The Corpus Restifcrme.
Hemispheres of the Brain. 22 The Corpus Olivare.
2. Posterior Extremity of the same Fissure. j
23 The Olfactory Nerve.
3. The Anterior Lobes of the Cerebrum. 21 , Its Bulb.
4. Its Middle Lobe. 25 Its External Root.
5. The Fissure of Sylvius. 26 Its Middle Root.
6. The Posterior Lobe of the Cerebrum. 27 Its Internal Root.
7. The Point of the Infundibulum. 28 The Optic Nerve beyond the Chiasm.
8. Its Body. 29, The Optic Nerve before the Chiasm.
9. The Corpora Albicantia.
?A) The Motor Occuli, or Third Pair of Nerves.
10. Cineritous Matter.
31 The Fourth Pair, or Pathetic Nerves.
11. The Crura Cerebri.
12. The Pons Varolii. 32 The Fifth Pair, or Trigeminus Nerves.
13. The top of the Medulla Oblongata. 33 The Sixth Pair, or Motor Externus.
14. Posterior Prolongation of the Pons Varolii. 34, The Facial Nerve.
15. Middle of the Cerebellum. —
The Auditory the two making the Seventh
16. Anterior part of the Cerebellum. Pair.
17. Its Posterior part and the Fissure of its He- ; 36 37.38. The Eighth Pair of Nerves. (The
mispheres. Ninth Pair are not here seen).
Page
 FIG. 534. FIG 535.

THE CEREBRUM.
FIG. 534. I 15. Its External Root coming from the Posterior

A View of the Base of the Cerebrum after Margin of the Anterior Lobe of the Cerebrum.

the removal of its mlddle and posterior 16. The Bulb of the Olfactory Nerve.

Lobes, as well as of the Cerebellum. 17. The Great Middle Fissure of the Cerebrum.
18. The Anterior Lobes of the Cerebrum.
1. Superficial Intercrossing of the Anterior Cords
19. The Middle Lobes of the Cerebrum. The
of the Spinal Marrow.
rest of the Brain is wanting.
2. Corpora Pyramidalia.
3. Emminentia Olivaria.
FIG. 535.
4. Corpora Restiformia.
A View of the extent and shape of the Cor-
5. External Surface of the Crura Cerehelli. pus Callosum as seen from above. On its
6. Oblique Bands extending from the Corpora outer side are seen the convergence of the
Restiformia alongside of the Pons Varolii. Fibres of the Hemispheres.

7. The Pons Varolii. 1. The Cerebellum.

The Crura
2.3.4. The Convolutions on the inner side of the
8. Cerebri.
Hemispheres.
9. The Emminentia Mammillares.
5. The Median Tract, or Raphe of the Corpus
10. The Tract of the Optic Nerves.
Callosum.
11.12. A perforated space near the Roots of the
6. Its Transverse Fibres.
Optic Nerves, and diverging from these Nerves
7. The Fibres curved inwards upon its outside.
near their Chiasm.
8. The Converging Fibres of the Hemispheres.
13. The Anterior Commissure shown by the rup-
9. The Concave Surface of the Hemispheres
ture of the Cineritious Matter; this is formed which overlaps the sides of the Corpus Cal-
by the union of the Roots of these Nerves. losum.
14. The Internal Root of the Olfactory Nerve. 10.10. Its Posterior Extremities.

173.
 FIG. 536.

THE CEREBRUM.
FIG. 536. 10. External Face of the Cineritious Layer
which envelopes the Corpora Striata.
A View op the Connexions of the Cerebral
11. Marks the continuation of the Medullary
Centre with the Hemispheres, in the Ex-
Matter of 7, in the Corpus Striatum, into
pansion op the Diverging Fibres.
that of the Cerebral Hemisphere.
The Cerebrum is lying upon its Convex or Up- 12. The Medullary Matter of the Cerebrum, seen
per Surface, and has been divided Transversely as continued from 11.
throughout its substance, by a cut which.starting 13. Shows the Intercrossing of the Fibres of the

from the Base of the Olfactory Nerves, runs up- Fibrous Layer of the Corpus Callosum with

wards to the superior part of the Cerebrum at

that of the Hemispheres.

the Coronal Suture.

14.15. Show the continuation of the Medullary
and Cineritious Striae of the Corpora Striata
1.1. The Medullary Matter of a Section of the with that of the Hemispheres.
Corpus Callosum. 16. Section of the Optic Nerves and their Ante-
2.2. Medullary Matter on the outer side of the rior Gray Root.
Corpora Striata. 17. Portion of the Convolutions of the Cerebrum
3.3. Medullary Matter running to the Septum Lu- adjacent and above the Corpus Callosum.
cidum. 18. The Fissure of Sylvius.
|

4. The Point where this Matter unites to form 19. Chiasm of the Optic Nerves.
the Septum. To the right and left of this \
20. The Infundibulum.
is a black Crescent, marking the Cavity of \
21. The Optic Nerves.
the Lateral Ventricles. 22. Tuber Cinerium.
5. The 5th Ventricle between the Layers of the 23. Emminentia Mammillares.
Septum Lucid urn. 24. Crura Cerebri.
(i. The Ventricular side of the Corpora Striata. \
25. Temporal portion of the Middle Lobes of the
7.8. Medullary and Cineritious Fibres in the Cor- Cerebrum.
pora Striata. \ 26. Pons Varolii with the Oblique Fasciculi com-
9. The Superior Face of the Corpus Callosum. ^
ing from the Corpora Restiformia.

Page 174.
 FIG. 537.
FIG. 538.

THE CEREBRUM.
FIG. 537. 3. Anterior Column of the Fornix. i rius. The Space between 10
4. Section of the Anterior Com- and 12 is the Foramen Coin-
A Section of the Head to show
missure. Another Figure 4 is
1

mune Posterius.
the Falx Major, Tentorium |

seen in the convex Surface of 13. The Corpora Quadrigemina.

and other farts, found under {

The Pineal Gland.

the Thalami Nervi Optici. 14.
the Median Line of the Head. \

The Aqueduct of Sylvius.

5. The Thickness or Central Sub- ;
15.
1. Vertical Section of the Head. stance of the Thalamus. ; 16. The Fourth Ventricle.
2. The Frontal Sinus. 6. The Aqueduct of Sylvius. '
17. The Pons Varolii, through which
3. The Falx Major Cerebri. 7. The Pineal Gland. are seen passing the Diverging
4. Its Origin from the Crista Galli. 8. A Medullary Band running Fibres of the Corpora Pyrami-
5. Its Attachment along the Sagit- from the Pineal Gland to the dalia.
tal Suture. Anterior Commissure. 18. The Crus Cerebri.
6. The lower or concave Edge of 9. Section of the Crus Cerebri. 19. The Tuber Cinereum, from
the Falx. 10. One of the Corpora A lbicantia. which projectsthelnfundibulum,
7. Its continuation to the Tento- 11. The Tuber Cinereum. having the Pituitary Gland ap-
rium. 12. Section of the Chiasm of the pended to its extremity.
8. The Tentorium. Optic Nerves. 20. One of the Optic Nerves.
9. Its Attachment to the Petrous 13. The Optic Nerve beyond the 21. The Left Olfactory Nerve.
portion of the Temporal Bone. Chiasm.
10. The free Edge of the same part. 14. The Olfactory Nerve.
11. The Convolutions of the Right 15. Anterior Surface of the Hemi- FIG. 540.
Anterior Lobe of the Cerebrum.
The Anterior Extremity of the
sphere. A View of the Course of the An-
12. 16. The Fissure between the Pos- terior Columns of the Spinal
Corpus Callosum. terior and Middle Lobes of the Marrow to their Termination
13. The Septum Lucidum. Cerebrum. in the Hemispherical Ganglia
14. Section of the Anterior Com-
of the Cerebrum —
after the
missure. FIG.
539. Dissections of Gall.
15. Anterior Crus of the Fornix.
16. Middle of the Fornix.
The Mesial Surface of a Longi- ("The Motor Tract traced out
tudinal Section of the Brain. 1.1. fiom the Anterior Columns of
17. Its Posterior Extremity joining i

1. The Inner Surface of the Left 1.1.1 the Spinal Cord to the Hemi-
the Corpus Callosum.
18. Internal side of the Thalami Hemisphere. spherical Ganglion.
2. The Divided Surface of the Ce- 2. Corpus Pyramidale.
Nervi Optici.
19. Section of the Corpora Striata. rebellum, showing the Arbor 3. Emminentia Olivaria.
20. Lateral Parietes of the 3d Ven- Vitse. 4. Pons Varolii.
tricle. 3. The Medulla Oblongata. 5. Crus Cerebri.
21. A portion of the Dura Mater 4. The Corpus Callosum. 6. Corpus Striatum.
turned off. 5
5. The Fornix. 7. Hemispherical Ganglion or Cine-
22. Section of the Internal Carotid 6. One of the Crura of the Fornix. ritious Neurine of the Cerebrum.

Artery.
^
7. One of the Corpora Albicantia. 8. The Cerebellum.
8. The Septum Lucidum. 9. The Olfactory Nerve.
9. The Velum Interpositum. 10. The Optic Nerve.
FTG. 538.
10. The Middle Commissure. 11. The 4th Pair of Nerves.
A Vertical Section of the Cor- 11. The Anterior Commissure. 12. The Sensory Root of the 5th
pus Callosum through its mid- \
12. The Posterior Commissure; the Pair.
dle. The Left Internal Side >
Commissure is somewhat above 1 3. The 7th and 8th Pairs of Nerves.
of the Cerebrum is also shown, j
and to the left of the Number. 14. The Anterior Commissure.
1.1. SectionoftheCorpusCallosum. \
The Space between 10 and 11 is 15. Emminentia Mammillare.
2. The Septum Lucidum.
the Foramen Commune Ante- 16. Corpus Geniculatum.
Fagp 17 5.
 FIG. 541. FKi. 542

FIG. 543.
FIG 514. »

THE VENTRICLES OF THE ERA1N

FIG. 541. Limit of the Corpus Striatum and 14. The Fifth Ventricle.
A View of the Connexions of the all the convexity of the Hemisphere 15. The Fornix.
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN has there been cut away, so as to 16. Its Posterior Crura.
EY MEANS OF THE COMMISSURES —
\

'
open the Ventricle outwardly. 17. The Plexus Choroides.
AS GIVEN BY A VERTICAL SECTION. 1.1. 1 1s the whole Cavity of the 18. The Ergot or Hippocampus
\

2.2.5 V,
2 Ventricle. Minor.
1. The Great Transverse Commis- ;

19. Posterior Crura of the Lateral

3.3 Convolutions on the under side
sure or Corpus Callosum divided Ventricle.
or Base of the Brain.
on its Middle Line.
4. Points to the opening of the
2. The Commissura Mollis.
3. The Anterior Commissure. Fissure of Sylvius. FIG. 544.
5.5. The External Circumference
A Transverse Section of the
4. The Thalamus. of the Hemisphere.
5. Section of the Crus Cerebri. Brain on a level with the La-
6. The Fissure separating the Pos- teral Ventricles, in order to
6. The Cineritious Matter in the terior from the Middle Lobes
Crus. show the Fifth Ventricle and
of the Cerebrum.
7. The commencing Fibres of the that portion of the Fornix
7. The bottom of this Fissure to- known as the Lyra.
Inferior Longitudinal Commis- ^
wards the Ventricle.
sure or Fornix. 1. Section of the Os Frontis.
8. The bottom of the Fissure of
8. Corpus Mammillare. Sylvius. 2. Section of the Ossa Parietalia.
9. The remains of the Corpus Stri- The Plexus Choroides. 3. Section of the Os Occipitis.
—
atum the rest of it has been
9.
10. The Large Extremity of the 4. Anterior Lobesof theCerebrum.
scraped away. 5. Its Posterior Lobes.
Cornu Ammonis.
10. The Septum Lucidum. 6. Anterior Extremity of the Great
11. Body of the Fornix or Centre Middle Fissure.
of the Commissure.
FIG. 543.
7. Its Posterior Extremity.
12. Taenia Hippocampi or Descend- A View of the Superior Part of 8. The Centrum Ovale, or Medul-
ing Fibres of the Inferior Lon- the Lateral Ventricles, Cor- lary Matter of the Cerebrum.
fitudinal Commissure, pora Striata, Septum Lucidum, 9. The Cortical or Cineritious Mat-
ibres covering the Hippocam- Fornix, &c, as given by a ter.
pus Major. Transverse Section of the Ce- 10. Section of the Anterior portion
14. Fibres covering the Pes Hippo- rebrum. of the Corpus Callosum.
campi. 1. Section of the Os Fronfis. 11. Anterior Extremities of the La-
15. Fibres covering the Hippocam- 2. Section of the Os Occipitis. teral Ventricles.
'

pus Minor. 3. Section of the Ossa Parietalia. 12. Corpora Striata.

be thus seen that the different
It will 4.5. Anterior and Posterior Extre- ;
13. The Sides of the Septum Luci-
portions of the Convoluted Surface mities of the Middle Fissure of: dum.
of the Brain are connected together the Cerebrum. 14. The Cavity between its sides, or
by this Inferior Longitudinal Com- 6. Anterior Extremity of the Cor- ;
the 5th Ventricle.
missure, called the Fornix. pus Callosum. 15. The Thalami Nervi Optici.
7. Its Posterior Extremity joining 16. The Taenia Striata.
the Fornix. Section of the Anterior Crura
FIG. 542.
8.8. Points to where the Corpus Cal-
17.
of the Fornix, which is here
A View of the Lateral Ventri- losum joins the Lateral Medul- turned backwards.
cles of the Brain. lary Matter of the Cerebrum. 18. Cavity of the 3d Ventricle.
The Hemisphere has been divided 9. Its Place of junction Anteriorly. 19. Lateral Portion of the Fornix.
Vertically so as to lay open the La- 10. Posterior point of union. 20. Its Posterior Crura.
teral Ventricle in its greatest extent. 11. Middle portion of the Corpora 21. The Striae on its under Surface
Another Section passing from the Striata (Lateral Ventricle). known as the Lyra.
Kissure of Sylvius has opened the 12. Taenia ^iriata. 22. Posterior Cornu of the Lateral
Lateral Ventricle on the External 13. The Scutum Lucidum. Ventricle.
Page 176.
 FIG. 51: FIG. 546.

FIG. 547.

THE CEREBRUM.
FIG. 545. FIG. 546. <20, The Tubercula Quadrigemina.
J21. The Valve of Vieussens divided
The Lateral Ventricles of A View of the Ventricles of and turned on each side.
the Cerebrum. the Brain, as given by a \ 22, Section of the Cerebellum and
1.1. The two Hemispheres cut down
Transverse Section of the \
Arbor Vitae.

to a level with the Corpus Callo- Cerebrum just above the i

23, The 4th Ventricle.— The dark
sum, so as to show the Cen- top of the Lateral Ven- middle Fissure which leads from
trum Ovale Majus. The Sur- j the Fourth to the Third Ventri-
tricles and a Perpendicu- I
cle under the Valve of Vieus-
face studded with the small
is
lar Section of the Cere- sens is the Aqueduct of Syl-
Puncta Vasculosa.
2. A small portion of the Anterior bellum. vius.

Extremity of the Corpus Callo- 1. Section of the Os Frontis. k Lower portion of the Calamus
Scriptorius.
sum. 2. Its Orbitar Plate.
3. Its Posterior Boundary ; the in- 3. Anterior Lobes of the Cere- >. Extremity of the Medulla Spi-
nalis.
termediate portion, forming the brum.
Roof of the Lateral Ventricles, 4. Its Posterior Lobes.
has been removed so as to com- 5. The Medullary or White Mat-
pletely expose these Cavities. ter of the Cerebrum.
FIG. 547.
4. A part of the Septum Lucidum, 6. TheCineritiousor Grey Matter. View of a Section of the
showing a space between its 7. Anterior portion of the Middle
Brain, showing the Motor
Layers which is the 5th Ven- Fissure of the Cerebrum.
tricle. 8. Section of the Anterior portion Origin of the Fifth Pair of
5. The Anterior Cornu of one side. of the Corpus Callosum. Nerves and the Origin of
6. The commencement of the Mid- 9. The curved portion of the An- the Fourth Pair, with the
dle Cornu. terior part of the Corpus Callo-
Position of their Commis-
7. The Posterior Cornu. sum placed between the Cor-
8. The Corpus Striatum of one pora Striata. sure.
Ventricle. 10. Anterior portion of the Corpora The Pineal Gland lying on the
9. TheTaenia Striata. Striata.
Tubercula Quadrigemina, just
10. A
small part of the Thalamus 11. Their Posterior Extremity. above the Nates.
Opticus. 12. The Thalami Nervi Optici. The Superior of the Tubercula
11. The Plexus Choroides. 13. The Taenia Striata. Quadrigemina, or the Nates.
12. The Fornix. 14. Section of the Anterior Crura
The Inferior or Testes.
13. The commencement of the Hip- of the Fornix.
pocampus Major in the Middle 15. Anterior Extremity of the 3d
The Motor Root of the 5th Pair
of Nerves.
Cornu. The Rounded Oblong Ventricle.
Body in the Posterior Cornu of 16. Its Posterior Extremity. The Thalamus Nervi Optici.
the Lateral Ventricle, directly 17. The Commissura Mollis. The Sensory Root of the 5th
behind the Figure 13, is the Hip- 18. The Peduncles of the Pineal Pair.
pocampus Minor. A Bristle is Gland. The 4th Pair of Nerves.
seen in the Foramen of Munro. 19. The Pineal Gland. The 5th Pair of Nerves.

Pa «e 177.
 FIG. 548

FIG. 551.

THE ORGAN OF SMELLING.

FIG. 548. Opening of the Right Nostril. 3. TheLateral Cartilage.
A View of the Circle of Wil- The Lips. 4. TheExternal portion of the
Ala of the Nose. Cartilage of the Ala Nasi.
lis.
The Side of the Nose and its 5. The Internal portion of the
1. The Vertebral Arteries. same Cartilage.
Follicles.
2. The two Anterior Spinal 6. The Three small Cartilages
The same on its Front.
Branches.
which support the Ala Nasi.
3. One of the Posterior Spinal
7. The Fibrous Tissue that holds
Arteries. FIG. 550.
them together.
4. The Posterior Meningeal Ar- A View of the Cartilages of
tery. the Nose.
5. The Inferior Cerebelli Artery. FIG. 552.
1. The Nasal Bones.
G. The Basilar Artery. An External View of the Na-
2. The Cartilaginous Septum.
7. The Superior Cerebelli Artery. sal Cartilages around the
3. The Lateral Cartilages.
8. The Posterior Cerebelli. Nostril.
4. The Alar Cartilages.
9. The Posterior Communicans. The Outer Plate of one of the
5. The Central portions of the 1.
10. The Internal Carotid. Oval Cartilages.
Alar Cartilages which con-
11. The Ophthalmic Artery. 2. Its Inner Plate.
stitute the Columns.
12. The Middle Cerebral Artery. The Columns Nasi.
13. The Anterior Cerebri. 6. The Appendices of the Alar 3.

Cartilage. 4. The small Cartilages of the

11. The Anterior Communicans. Ala Nasi.
7. The Nostrils.

FIG. 549.
FIG. 551. FIG. 553.
A Side View of the Nose de-
prived of its Epidermis in A Side View of the Bones and a portion of the pltuitary
order to show the Sebace- Cartilages of the Nose, Membrane of the Nasal
ous Follicles of the Skin. seen on the Right Side. Septum, Magnified 9 times,
1. Lower part of the Forehead. 1.1. An outline of the thickness and showing the number,
2. Root of the Nose. of the Integuments. Sizes and Arrangement of
3. Its Point. 2. The Nasal Bone. the Mucous Crypts.
Fage 178.
 FIG. 555.

FIG. 553. FIG. 557.

THE ORGAN OF SMELLING.

FIG. 554. FIG. 556.

A View op the External Parietes of the A portion of the Pituitary Membrane with
Left Nostril, as given by the removal of its Arteries and Veins injected — magni-
fied 15 Diameters.
the Septum.
The natural size of this piece is seen at the
1.2. Sections of the Cartilage of the Nose. bottom of the Cut.
3. The Hollow on the Inner Side of the Ala 1. 1.1. The Orifices of Three Mucous Crypts sur-
Nasi, with the Hairs and Mucous Follicles rounded by Veins and Arteries.
there found.
4. The rounded Prominence where the Skin and
FIG. 557.

Mucous Membrane unite. A Vertical Section of the Middle part of

the Nasal Fossje, giving a Posterior View
5. The Inferior Spongy Bone. of the Arrangement of the Ethmoidal
6. The Middle Spongy Bone. Cells, &c.
7. The Superior Spongy Bone. 1. Anterior Fossae of the Cranium.
8. An Excavation giving the appearance of a 2. The same covered by the Dura Mater.
fourth Spongy Bone. 3. The Dura Mater turned up.

9. The Inferior Meatus of the Nose. 4. The Crista Galli of the Ethmoid Bone.
5. Its Cribiform Plate.
10. The Middle Meatus.
6. Its Nasal Lamella.
11. The Superior Meatus. 7. The Middle Spongy Bones.
12. An Elongated Projection which separates the 8. The Ethmoidal Cells.
Nose from the Pharynx. 9. The Os Planum.
13. The opening of the Eustachian Tube. 10. Inferior Spongy Bone.
11. The Vomer.
14. Left half of the Velum Pendulum Palati.
12. Superior Maxillary Bone.
£
13. Its union with the Ethmoid.
FIG. 555. i 14. Anterior Parietes of the Antrum Highmoria-
\ num, covered by its Membrane.
The Arteries of the Left Side of the Nasal '/
15. Its Fibrous Layer.
Septum. 16. Its Mucous Membrane.
I

1. ThePosterior Ethmoidal Artery. \ 17. Palatine Process of the Superior Maxillary

2. TheAnterior Ethmoidal Artery. / Bone.
3. Branches of the Spheno-Palatine Artery. : 18. Roof of the Mouth, covered by the Mucous
4.5.6. The minute Anastomoses of the Branches > Membrane.
of the Spheno-Palatine with the Ethmoidal Ar- > 19. Section of this Membrane. A Bristle is seen
tery, showing the Vascularity of this Surface. ! in the Orifice of the Antrum Highmorianum.

r^ae 179.
 FIH. 559.

%<;K^

FIG. 560. FIG. 561.

THE EYE.
FIG. 558. 3. The Lachrymal Gland.
A Front View of the Left Eye — moderately 4. Its Ducts opening in the Upper Lid.
Opened. 5. The Conjunctiva covering- the Lids.
1. The Super Cilia. 6. The Puncta Lachrymalia.
2. The Ciliae of each Eye-Lid. 7. The Lachrymal Caruncle as seen from behind.
The Inferior Palpebra.
The Internal Canthus.
The External Canthus. FIG. 561.

The Caruncula Lachrymalis. A Posterior View of the Eye-Lids—as been

The Plica Semilunaris. undertheMicroscope.soastoshow clearly
The Eye-Ball. the Glandule Palpebrarum.
The Pupil.
1.1. The Orbicularis Palpebrarum Muscle.
FIG. 559. 2. The opening of the Lids, through which are
seen the Ciliae of the Upper Lid.
A Side View of the same Eye, showing that
the Cilije of the Upper Lid are Concave 3. The Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle.

upwards, and those of the lower lld con- 4. The openings of the Ducts of the Lachry-

CAVE DOWNWARDS. The GENERAL CONVEXITY mal Gland.

of the Eye-Ball is also seen. 5. The Conjunctiva of the Eye-Lids.
G. The Conjunctiva turned back so as to show
FIG. 560. the Glands which are beneath it.

A Posterior View of the Eye-Lids and Lach- 7. The Meibomian Glands of the Upper Eye-

rymal Gland. Lid, seen through the Conjunctiva.

1.1. The Orbicularis Palpebrarum Muscle. 8. The same Glands of the Lower Lid.
'2. The Borders of the Luis. 9. The Puncta Lachrymalia.
Fage 160.
 FIG. 562. FIG. 563.

FIG. 565.

FIG. 564.

THE EYE.
FIG. 562. FIG. 564.
A View op the Shape and Position op the •
A Side View of the Eve-Ball — entire.
Lachrymal Canals.
1. The Middle of the Cornea.
The PuncIaLachrymalia or openings of the Lachry-
!

1.

mal Canals in the Lids. 2. Its union with the Sclerotic Coat.
2. The Cul de Sac at the Orbital end of the Canal. 3. The Sclerotica.
3. The course of each Canal to the Saccus Lachrymalis. 4.5.6. The Tendons of the Recti Muscles, losing
4.5. The Saccus Lachrymalis. themselves in the Sclerotic Coat.
6. The Lower part of the Ductus ad Nasum.
7. Point where the Optic Nerve penetrates the Coals
of the Eye-Ball.
FIG. 563. 8. The Optic Nerve.
A View op the Muscles of the Eve-Ball,
taken from the Outer Side op the Right
Orbit. FIG. 565.

1. A small Fragment of the Sphenoid Bone around A Longitudinal Section of the Globe of the
the entrance of the Optic Nerve into the Orbit. Eye.
2. The Optic Nerve.
3. The Globe of the Eye. 1. The Sclerotic Coat.
4. The Levator Palpebral Muscle. 2. The Cornea.
5. The Superior Oblique Muscle. 3. The Choroid Coat.
6. Its Cartilaginous Pulley. 4. The Ciliary Ligament.
7. Its Reflected Tendon. 5. The Ciliary Processes.
8. The InferiorOblique Muscle ; a piece of its Bony 6. The Iris.
Origin is broken off. 7. The Pupil.
9. The Superior Rectus Muscle. 8. The Retina.
10. The Internal Rectus almost concealed by the Op- 9. The Canal of Petit, which encircles the Lens.
tic Nerve. 10. The Anterior Chamber of the Eye, containing the
11. Part of the External Rectus showing s two Heads. Aqueous Humour.
12. The Extremity of the External Rectus at its In- 11. The Posterior Chamber.
sertion ; the intermediate portion of the Muscle 12. The Lens enclosed in its proper Capsule.
having been removed. 13. The Vitreous Humour enclosed in the Hyaloid
13. The Inferior Rectus Muscle. Membrane.
14. The Sclerotic Coat.
14. A Tabular Sheath of the Hyaloid Membrane.
A View of the Tensor Tarsi, or Muscle of Ilorncr, 15. The Neurilema of the Optic Nerve.
has been already given — see Figure 172. 16. The Arteria Centralis Retina.

Page 181.
 FIG. 566.

/* 4Z
ft

THE EYE-BALL.
FIG. 566. 10, lC. Ciliary Body, consisting of j
cular Layer is indicated by a
A Horizontal Section (Itf) a Pars non-Fimbriata, and ) Dotted Line.
of the
(10) a Pars Fimbriata formed by j
21, Central Transparent Point of the
Eye-Ball. the Ciliary Process. Retina.
1. Sclerotic Coat. 11. OraSerrataof the Ciliary Body. 22, Vitreous Humour.
2. Sheath of the Optic Nerve, orCa- 12. Iris. 23, The Hyaloid Membrane.
nal of Fontana. 13. Pupil. \
24, Canalis Hyaloideus.
3. Circular Venous Sinus of the Iris. 14. Membrane of the Pigment. 5 25. Zonula Ciliaris. In the Plate,
4. Proper Substance of the Cornea. 15. Delicate Membrane lining the > none of its Fimbriated part is
5. Arachnoidea Oculi. PosteriorChamber of the Aque- j
seen, being concealed by the Ci-
6. Membrane of the Anterior Cham- ous Humour. liary Processes.
ber of the Aqueous Humour. Of! 16. Membrane of Jacob. ; 26, Canal of Petit.
the Two
Dotted Lines one points 17. The Optic Nerve surrounded by 27, Crystalline Lens.
to thesupposed Membrane of De- its Neurilema. j
28. Anterior Wall of the Capsule
scemet, the other to the supposed 17'. The Fibres of the Optic Nerve < of the Lens.
continuation of that Membrane consisting of Fasciculi of Pnmi- I 29, Posterior Wall of the Capsule
over the Anterior Surface of the tive Tubules. of the Lens.
Iris. 18. Central Artery of the Retina, j 30. Posterior Chamber of the Aque-
7. Choroid Coat. 19. Papilla Conica of the Optic ous Humour.
8. Annulus Albidus. Nerve. 31. Anterior Chamber of the Aque-
9. Ciliary Ligament. 20. Retina. The situation of its Vas- i ous Humour.

Page 182.
 FIG. 591. FIG. 592. FIG. 593.

FIG. 591. FIG. 590. FIG. 595.

FIG. 596. FIG. 597.

THE BONES OF THE EAE.

FIG. 590. FIG. 591. FIG. 594.
A View of the Laeyrinth and A full View of the Malleus. A Front View of the Stapes.
Tympanum of the Ear, with the 1.2. The Head of the Stapes with
1. Processus Longus.
Bones in Situjhighly magnified. its Articulating Face placed
2. Processus Brevis. Obliquely.
1. Processus Longus of the Mal- 3. The Manubrium. 3. Its Neck.
leus. 4. The Neck. 4. Its Anterior Crus.
2. Its Processus Brevis. The Head of the Malleus near
5. ;
5. Its Posterior Crus more curved
3. Its Manubrium. the Figure seen a small Arti-
is than the other.
4. Its Neck.
culating Face for the Incus. 6. Its Base, the part which co-
5. Its Head.
vers the Fenestra Ovalis.
6. Body of the Incus.
7. Its Processus Brevis.
8.8. Its Processus Longus, with the FIG. 592. FIG. 595.
little head for articulating with
the Stapes. A View of the Incus. A Magnified View of the Stapes
9. The Head of the Stapes.
FROM AEOVE, SHOWING THE Fe-
1. ItsBody, with the Articular nestrum in its Base.
10. Its Anterior Crus.
Face for the Convex Head of Cartilaginous Articular Face,
11. Its Posterior Cms. the Malleus.
1.

12. Its Base. with the Orbiculare attached

Short or Horizontal Process.
2. Its
13.14.15. The first turn of the Coch- to it.

lea.
3. Its Long or Perpendicular Pro- Anterior Crus.
2. Its
cess. Posterior Crus.
3. Its
16.17.18. Its second turn.
19. Its half turn. 4.4. The Head of this Process for 4.4. Its Base slightly open.
20.The Cupola. articulating with the Head of
21. The Fenestra Rotunda. the Stapes. It is also called
22.23. The Vestibule. the Orbiculaie.
FIG. 596.
24.25.26. Anterior Semicircular Ca- A Magnified View of the Cellu-
nal. lar Structure in the Centre
27. Its junction with the Posterior FIG. 593. of the Incus.
Canal.
28.29.30.31. The Posterior Semicir- A View of the Malleus, showing FIG. 597.
cular Canal. itsProcessus Brevis and the
32.33.34.35. The External Semicir- Articulating Face for the In- A Magnified View of the Inter-
cular Canal. The Enlargements cus.
nal or Cellular Structure of
on these Canals arc called Am- the Malleus on the side of its
pulla. \ 1. The Processus Brevis. Processus Brevis.
L87.
 FIG. 567.

FIG. 570.

FIG. 568.

FIG. 571. F1 G. 572.

THE EYE-BALL.
FIG. 5(37. :
5. A Fold of the Retina, which ge- FIG. 571.
nerally obscures the Foramen of
The Anterior Segment of a Trans- Soemmering after the Eye has An Anterior View of the Iris
verse Section of the Globe of been opened. as Attached to the Cho-
the Eye, seen from within. roid Coat.
1. The divided Edge of the Three
Coats —
the Sclerotic, Choroid FIG. 569. 1.

2.3.
The Choroid Coat.
The Ciliary Ligament.
and Retina. A View of the Choroid Coat i

2. The Pupil. 4. The Great Circumference of

the surface presented
with its Vessels injected. I

the Iris.
3. The Iris ;

to view in this Section being the 1. The Optic Nerve. ; 5. The Anterior Face of the Iris.

Uvea. 2. Posterior portion of the Sclero- ! 6. Its Lesser Circumference.

4. The Ciliary Processes. tica, cut off circularly. 7. Shows the Striated or Ray-like
5. The Anterior Border of the Re- 3.4. The Ciliary Ligament. appearance of the Iris.
tina. 5. The Iris. 8. The Pupil.
6. Ciliary Nerves. 9. The Ciliary Nerves dividing as
7. Long and Short Arteries of they penetrate the Ciliary Liga-
FIG. 568. the Choroid Coat. ment.
Long Internal Ciliary Arteries 10.11. The Ciliary Blood- Vessels.
The Posterior Segment of a 8.

Transverse Section of the of the Choroid Coat.

Globe of the Eye, seen from 9.10. Vasa Vorticosa.
within. FIG. 572.
1. Thedivided Edge of the Three FIG. 570.
—
Coats the Membrane covering A Front View of the Retina,
the whole Internal Surface is the A View of the Veins of the with the Lens in its Cap-
Retina. Choroid Coat, as distend- SULE.
2. The Entrance of the Optic Nerve
;

ed by Blood.
with the Arteria Centralis Retinae 1.1. TheRetina.
piercing its centre. 1. The Optic Nerve. 2.2. ItsAnterior Limits.
3.3. The Ramifications of the Arte- 2.3. Section of the Sclerotic Coat. 3.3. The Lens in its Capsule.
4.5. The Circumference of the Iris.
ria Centralis. 4. The Central Foramen of the
4. The Foramen of Soemmering; the 6. The Pupil.
Choroid Retina, seen through the Trans-
Shade from the sides of the Sec- 7. The Veins of the
Coat. parent Lens and Vitreous Hu-
tion obscures the Limbus Luteus
8.9. The Ciliary Nerves. mour.
which surrounds it.
Page 183.
 FIG. 575. FIG. 573. FTG. 570.

FIG. 574.

FIG. 577. FIG. 578. FIG. 579. FIG. 530.

THE EYE-BALL.
FIG. 573. FIG. 576. 3. Filaments which unite the Cir-
A Segment of the Anterior Face cumference of the Lens to the
The External Face of the Re-
of the Iris with its Vessels in- Ciliary Processes.
tina, with the Lens attached
to it. jected —
magnified 25 Diame- 4. The Hyaloid Membrane
rounding the Vitreous Humour.
sur-
ters.
1. The Retina. 5. The Reflexions of this Mem-
2. Its Central Foramen. 1.1. A portion of the Pupillary Cir-
brane at the back of the Eye
3. The Optic Nerve deprived of its cumference of the Iris.
Ball.
Sheath. 2.2. A part of its Greater Circumfe-
6. The Hyaloid Canal for the Ar-
4. The Ciliary Body. rence surrounded by a Branch j

tery to the Lens.

|
5. The distance of this Body from of the Long Ciliary Artery.
I 7. ItsPosterior Orifice by which the
the Lens. 3. Part of the Lesser Circle of the
> Posterior Artery enters.
The Lens Capsule. Iris.
6. in its I 8. The Canal of Petit around the
4.4. Part of its Greater Circle.
\ Lens.
5.5. Three Arteries which are larger >

than the others, and coming

FIG. 574.
from the Greater Circle are FIG. 578.
A View of the Left Eye of a Fce- lost in the Iris. > A Front View of the Ceystal-
tus of Six Months, magnified 2 6. Smaller Arteries arising from line Humour or Lens, in the
Diameters —
showing the Ves- these.
|

> Adult.
sels in the Conjunctiva. 7. Branches of the Larger Arte-
ries, which are lost in the Small-
1.2.3.4. The Internal, Superior, Ex-
er Circle of the Iris.
FIG. 579.
ternal and Inferior parts of the A Magnified View of the Lens
Eye-Ball, with the Blood- Vessels
Anoutline of the Natural Size >

of this piece is seen on the side of of a f(etus of 8 months, seen

injected.
the Figure between 3 and 7. on its Anterior Face, with the
5. The Transparent Cornea. marks of its division into the
Three Pieces that form it at
FIG. 577. that period.
FIG. 575.
A Side View of the Vitreous Hu-
a portion of the retina of an mour and Lens of a Fcetus at
Infant, with its Vessels inject- 8 Months, showing the Shape FIG. 580.
ed AND MAGNIFIED 25 DlAMETERS. and Direction of the Canal of A Side View of the Adult Lens.
An outline of the Natural Size of Petit. Anterior Face.
1. Its
this piece is seen just below the 1. The Lens. Posterior Face.
2. Its
main Cut. 2. Its Anterior Face. 3.3. Its Circumference.

Page 184.
 FIG. 581.

FIG. 582. FIG. 583.

THE EYE-BALL.
FIG. 581. )
4. Anterior Face of the Iris.

5. Extremities of the same Arteries, forming

Ax Anterior View of the Choroid, Iris and (

Arches between the two Layers of the Mem-

Membrana Pupillaris of a Farms of 7 j

Months, highly injected and magnified 4 >

brana Pupillaris.
6. The Centre of the Membrana Pupillaris,
Diameters.
usually free from Vessels, where the Mem-
1.2. The Choroid Coat.
brane ruptures spontaneously.
3. The Ciliary Ligament.
The Natural Size of this piece is seen on the
4. The Iris.
side of the Cut.
5. The Membrana Pupillaris with its Vessels
minutely injected.
6.6. The Long- Ciliary Arteries. FIG. 583.
7.7. The Vasa Vorticosa. A Posterior View of the same, also much
magnified, and with the Membrana Pupil-

FIG. 582. laris Ruptured.

An Anterior View of the Iris and Membra- 1.1. Long Ciliary Arteries.
na Pupillaris of an Infant of 6£ Months, 2. The Greater Arterial Circle of the Ins.
with their Vessels injected highly mag- — 3. The Posterior Face of the Iris covered with
nified. Pigmentum Nigrum.
4. Flaps formed by the remains of the Pupil-
1.1. The two Long Ciliary Arteries.
lary Membrane.
'2. The Circle around the Iris, formed by their
Anastomosing Branches. 5. The Centre of the Pupil.

3. Branches which arise from this Circle, and The Natural Size of the piece is seen on its

run in Front of the Iris. side.

Page
 FIG. 581 FIG. 5S5. FIG. 586.

FIG 589 FIG. 588.

THE EXTERNAL EAR.

FIG. 584. prived of its Skin and show- FIG. 588.
A View of the Left Ear in ingHOW MUCH THE SHAPE OF
its Natural State. the Ear due to the Car-
is
A View of the Inner Side of
tilaginous Plate. the Cartilage of the Ex-
1.2. The origin and termination of
the Helix. ternal Ear, or that next
3. The Anti-Helix.
1. A Fissure found in the lower front to the Cranium.
portion of the Helix.
4. The Anti- Tragus. 2. The Fissure found in the. Tragus. 1.2.3. The Transversus
r
>. The Tragus. Auriculae
.

3. The Fissure and Caudate Shape Muscle in its usual position.

(>. The Lobus of the External Ear. of the lower end of the Helix.
7. Points to the Scapha, and is on
the front and top of the Pinna. These Fissures favour the Flexion
8. The Concha. of the different portions of the Car- FIG. 589.
9. The Meatus Auditorius tilaginous Plate of the External
nus.
Exter-
Ear. An Anterior View of the Ex-
i ternal Ear, as well as of
the Meatus Auditorius, La-
FIG. 585. FIG. 587.
byrinth, &c.
A View of the Sebaceous Fol- The Cartilage of the Exter-
\
1. The Opening into the Ear at the
licles ofthe External Ear. \
na l Ear, with some of its bottom of the Concha.
They are rendered more ap- Muscles, 2. The Meatus Auditorius Externus
parent from Maceration, j 1.2. The Helicis Major Muscle on or Cartilaginous Canal.

\
the front of the Helix. 3. The Membrana Tympani stretch-
FIG. 58G. 3 4-
- The Helicis Minor Muscle. ed upon its Ring.
The The Malleus.
A View of the Cartilage
r
, ,-,
of
^""^ " r >
5-6 "
Tr; '« i<,,s
^
frontt surface otr the
us
^ °" «he
Tragus.
4.
5. The Stapes.
the External Ear,— de- ; 7.8. The Anti-Tragicus Muscle. 6. The Labyrinth.
Page 186.
 FIG. 598. FIG. 600.

F 1 G. 590. FIG. 601.

THE INTERNAL EAR.

FIG. 598. FIG. 599.

A View of the Labyrinth of the Left Ear An Outline, of the Natural Size, of Fig-
of a Foetus of 8 Months, as seen from ure 598.
above. — Magnified 4 Diameters.
1.2.3. The Cochlea. FIG. 600.

1.1. Its First Turn. A View of the Labyrinth of the Left Side
I

•2.2. Its Second Turn. laid open and showing its Contents.
3.3. Its Third or Half Turn, and Apex or Cupola.
This Figure has the same References as Fig.
4. The Foramen Rotund um. 598, and the same as
is it, except that the Ellip-
5. The Foramen Ovale.
tical Sacs and the Membranous Semicircular Ca-
6. The Groove around it.
nals, &c, are seen within the Bony Cavity as
7.7. The Vestibule.
shown in Fig;. 602.
8.9.10. The Inferior Semicircular Canal, with its

Ampulla at 8.

11.11. The Superior Semicircular Canal. FIG. 601.

12. The External Semicircular Canal. The Natural Size of Fig. 600.
Page 168,
 FIG. H02 '1G. 6C3

FIG. 604.

THE INTERNAL EAR.

FIG. 602. 15. The Ampulla of the Superior 9.9. The Superior Canal.
Canal. 10. Part of the Ampulla of the
A View op ihe Labyrinth of 16. The common Orifice of the Su- ;
External Canal.
the Left Side, laid open in perior and Inferior Canals. 11. The Union of the Superior
its whole extent so as to 17. The Ampulla of the External ',

and Inferior Canals.

show its Structure. These Canal.
figures are all magnified.
FIG. 604.
1 . The Thickness of the outer Co- FIG. 603.
vering of the Cochlea. The Labyrinth of the Left
A View of the Labyrinth in
2.2. The Scala Vestibuli or upper AN INVERTED POSITION, LAID
Side, laid open throughout
I, aver of the Lamina Spiralis. OPEN SO AS TO SHOW THE DIS-
3.3. The Scala Tympani or lower its whole extent, and show-
TRIBUTION of the Nerves.
Layer of the Lamina Spiralis. ING ON its lower Half, more
4. The Hamulus Cochlea?. plainly thanthe preceding 1.2.3. The Cochlea laid open in its
5. Centre of the Infundibulum. Figures, the Thickness of fullest extent, so as toshow
6. The Foramen Rotundum com- the Lamina Spiralis. The Fi-
its different paris.
municating with the Tympanum. gures are placed on the Two
7. The Thickness of the outer 1.2.3. The lower part of the Cochlea Turns and a Half.
Layer of the Vestibule. or the Scala Tympani. 4.5.6. The remains of the Parietes
8. The Foramen Rotundum. 1.1. The First Turn or Layer of the Cochlea.
9. The Fenestra Ovalis. 2.2. The Second Turn or Layer. 7.8. The Vestibule.
10. The Orifice of the Aqueduct of 3.3. The Half or Third Turn. ( 9.10. Superior Canal.
the Vestibule. 4.5. The Inferior Half of the Ves- 11.12. Inferior Canal.
1 1 The Inferior Semicircular Canal. tibule. 13 The External Canal.
12. The Superior do. do. 6. Is in the Fenestra Ovalis. 1
14.14. The Semicircular Membra-
13. The External do. do. 7. The External Canal opening nous Canals.
14. The Ampulla of the Inferior into the Vestibule. \ 15.16.17. The Auditory Nerve in its
Canal. 8.8. The Inferior Canal. ) course to the Labyrinth.

Page 189.
 FIG. 605. FIG. 606.

FIG. 607.

THE INTERNAL EAR.

FIG. 605. 9. The place where the Internal Se- I 2. The External Semicircular Tube.
A highly Magnified View of micircular Canal opens into the \ 3. The Inferior Semicircular Tube.
Sacculus Ellipticus of the Vesti- 4. The Tube of union of the Supe-
the External Face of the bule.
j

; rior and Inferior Canals.

Bony Labyrinth of the Left 10. The Sacculus Ellipticus contain- 5. The Sacculus Ellipticus.
J

Side, opened so as to expose ing the Otoconie of Bresehet, '

6. The Sacculus Sphericus.

the Vestibule and its Con- seen at 11.
7. The Portio Dura Nerve.
12. Sacculus Sphericus, containing !

tents, &c. 8. The Anterior Fasciculus of the

also some Otoconie, as seen at
The difference of Colour in the Auditory Nerve.
13.
shades of this Figure,is intended to 14.15.16.17.18. The expansions of the 9. The Nerve to the Sacculus Sphe-
assist in distinguishing theexternal ricus.
Auditory Nerve to the Membra-
trom the internal faces of the La- nous Canals and the Sacculus I
10.10. The Nervous Fasciculi to the
byrinth, and also thecavities supposed Ellipticus, and also to the Sphe- (
Superior and External Ampullae.
to be occupied by the Liquor of Co- ricus. 11. The Nerve to the Sacculus El-
tunnius. 19. The turns of the Lamina Spi- 5 lipticus.
1. The Ampulla of the Superior ralis. 12. The Posterior Fasciculus of the
Semicircular Canal. 20. The Scala Tympani. Auditory Nerve, furnishing
2. The Ampulla of the External 21. The Nervous expansion to the S
13. The filaments to the Sacculus
Canal. Posterior Ampulla. Sphericus, and
3. The Ampulla of the Inferior Ca- 22. The Scala Vestibuli. 14. The filaments to the Cochlea,
nal. 23. The Modiolus. cut off.
4. The Superior Membranous Se-
micircular Canal.
i. External Membranous Canal.
FIG. 606.
6. The Inferior Membranous Canal. The soft parts of the Ves- FIG. 607.
7. The Spaces between the Bony tibule TAKEN OUT OF THEIR The Ampulla of the Exter-
and Membranous Semicircular bony case, so as to show
Canals, thought to be occupied
nal Semicircular Membra-
the distribution of the nous Canal, showing the
by the Liquor Cotunnii.
8. The common Tube formed by Nerves in the Ampullje.
The Superior Semicircular Mem-
mode of termination of its
the union of the Superior and In- 1 .

ferior Membranous Canals. branous Canal or Tube. Nerve.

Fage 190.
 FIG. 60S.

FIG. 609.

THE COCHLEA.
FIG. 608. FIG. 603.

An imaginary Figure or Plan of the Coch- j

A View of the Axis of the Cochlea and the
Lamina Spiralis, showing thk Arrange-
LEA.
ment of the three Zones. The Osseous
This Figure is designed to show how the two Zone and the Membrane of the Vestibule
Scalae of the Cochlea communicate in its Summit. have been removed.
The Parietes of the Scala Vestibuli are supposed
1. The size of the parts.
natural The other
Figure greatly magnified.
is
to be removed.
2. Trunk of the Auditory Nerve.
1.1. The Osseous portion of the Lamina Spi- 3. The distribution of its Filaments in the Zona

ralis. Its small end is the Hamulus Cochleae. Ossea.

4. The Nervous Anastomosis in the Zona Vesi-
2.2. The dark ground here represents the Mem- cularis.
branous portion of the Cochlea or the Zona 5. The Zona Membranacea.
Membranacea. G. The Osseous tissue of the Modiolus.
3. The commencement of the Scala Tympani. 7. The opening between the two Scalse.
4. Its External Edge.
5. Its Internal Edge.
FIG. 610.

6. Corresponds to the Modiolus around which The Auditory Nerve taken out of the
Cochlea.
the Lamina Spiralis is wound.
1.1.1. The Trunk of the Nerve.
7. Its Summit.
2.2. Its Filaments in the Zona Ossea of the
8. The point of communication of the two Lamina Spiralis.
Scala*. 3.3. Its Anastomoses in the Zona Vesicularis.

Page 191.
 FIG. fill.

^HH:

FIG 612. FIG. 613.

THE COCHLEA.
FIG. 611. 5.5. The doubling up of its external edge.
6.6. The Axis of the Cochlea.
a highly magnified vlew of a small piece of
7. The Modiolus.
the Lamina Spiralis, showing the Globu-
8.8. Exterior osseous parietes of the Cochlea.
lar Structure of the Nerves and the man-
9.9. The bony plates of the Lamina Spiralis.
ner in which they leave their Neurilemma
10. The Scala Tympani.
as they anastomose.
11. The Scala Vestibuli.
The natural size of the piece is seen on the 12. The Hamulus Cochlea.
side of the Figure. 13. The Infundibulnm.
1. Portion of the Auditory Nerve. 14. A Bristle passed through the course of the

2.2. Osseous Canals in the Zona Ossea of the Lamina Spiralis.

Lamina Spiralis.
3.3. Anastomoses Zona Mollis.
in the FIG. 613.

4.4. The Neurilemma leaving the Nervous Loops A Magnified View of the Veins in the Inte-
and interlocking to form the Layer of the rior of the Cochlea, as given by a Verti-
Zona Membranacea. cal Section. The Arteries accomfany
the Veins.
FIG. 612. 1.1. Veins accompanying the Auditory Nerve.
2. The First Anastomosis on a line with the
A Vertical Section of the Cochlea, highly
periphery of the Zona Ossea.
magnified to show the arrangement and a line with the
3. The Second Anastomosis on
Connexion of its parts. periphery of the Zona Coriaeea.
1.1. The Trunk of the Auditory Nerve. 4. The last Branches occupying the Zona Mem-
2.2. Filaments of it in the Zona Ossea. branacea.
3.3. Anastomoses in the Zona Vesicularis. 5. The Venous Sinus in the periphery of the
4.4. Zona Membranacea. Zona Membranacea.
i
 FIG. 614.

FIG. 615. FIG. 016.

THE NERVES.
FIG. 614. 3.4. The Crura Oerebelli of the Right Side.
5. The Eighth Pair of Nerves.
A Vertical Section of the Head and Neck 0. The Ninth Pair.
THROUGH THE MESIAL LlNE, IN ORDER TO 7. The Auditory Nerve distributed to the Coch-
SHOW THE OPENING OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE lea and Lahyrinth.
AND ITS RELATIONS TO THE PHARYNX. 8. The Sixth Pair of Nerves.
1. Section of the Os Frontis. 9. The Portio Dura of the Seventh Pair.
2. Section of the Os Ocr ipitis. 10. The Fourth Pair.
3. The Muscles on the back of the Neck. 11. The Fifth Pair.
4. The Integuments on the Chin.
5. The Frontal Sinus.
6. The Middle Spongy Bone. FIG. 616.
7. The Inferior Spongy Bone. A View of the First Pair or Olfactory
8. The Middle Meatus of the Nose. Nerves, with the Nasal Branches of the
9. The Inferior Meatus of the Nose. Fifth Pair.
10. Thickness of the Roof of the Mouth and
Floor of the Nostril. 1.Frontal Sinus.
11. Opening of the Eustachian Tube. A Cathe- •2.Sphenoidal Sinus.
3. Hard Palate.
ter is introduced in the Nostril and about to
enter the Tube. I 4. Bulb of the Olfactory Nerve.

19. Cartilaginous Nasal Septum. 5 Branches of the Olfactory Nerve on the Supe-
'

13. Genio-Glossus Muscle. rior and Middle Turbinated Bones.

14. The Soft Palate. 5 6, Spheno- Palatine Nerves from the Second
5 Branch of the Fifth Pair.
Internal Nasal Nerve from the first Branch
FIG. 615.
of the Fifth.
A View of the Origin and Distribution of Branches of 7 to the Schneiderian Membrane.
the Portio Mollis of the Seventh Pair Ganglion of Cloquet in the Foramen Incisi-
or Auditory Nerve. vum.
1. The Medulla Oblongata. 5 10 Anastomosis of the Branches of the Fifth
2. The Funs Varolii. Pair on the Inferior Turbinated Bone.

Page 193.
 FIG. 617. FIG. 619.

FIG. 618.

THE SECOND AND FIFTH PAIRS OF NERVES.

FIG. 617. |
the Eye except the Superior Ob- > 9. Frontal Branch, dividing into
A View of the Second Pair or |
lique and External Rectus. > External and Internal Frontal
Optic Nerves, with the origin |
4. The Fourth Pair, or Pathetici, Nerves.
of Seven other Pairs of Nerves. < going to the Superior Oblique 10. Lachrymal Branch of the Fifth
Muscle. Pair.
1.1. Globe of the Eye
I
the one on
;

the Left Hand is perfect, but |

5. One of the Branches of the Se- 11. Nasal Branch. Just under the
? venth Pair. Figure is the long Root of the
that on the Right has the Scle-
\ 6. The Sixth Pair, or Motor Exter- Lemicular or Ciliary Ganglion
rotic and Choroid Coats removed
\ nus, distributed to the External and a few of the Ciliary Nerves.
in order to show the Retina.
Rectus Muscle. 12. Internal Nasal Nerve, disappear-
2. The Chiasm of the OpticNerves. Spheno - Palatine Ganglion and ing through the Anterior Eth-
3. The Corpora Albicantia. Branches. moidal Foramen.
4. The Infundibulum.
Ciliary Nerves from the Lenticu- 13. External Nasal Nerve.
5. The Pons Varolii. lar Ganglion, the short Root of 14. External and Internal Frontal
fi. The Medulla Oblongata. which is seen to connect it with Nerve.
7. The Third Pair, Motores Oculi. the Third Pair. 15. Infra- Orbitary Nerve.
8. Fourth Pair, Pathetici.
16. Posterior Dental Branches.
9. Fifth Pair, Trigemini.
17. Middle Dental Branch.
10. Sixth Pair, Motor Externus.
18. Anterior Dental Nerve.
11. Seventh Pair, Auditory and Fa- FIG. 619. 19. Terminating Branches of the
cial.
A. View of the Distribution of Infra- Orbital Nerve, called the
12. Eighth Pneumogastric,
Pair,
Labial and Palpebral Nerves.
Spinal Accessory and Glosso- the Trifacial or Fifth Pair.
20. Subcutaneus Mate, or Orbitar
pharyngeal. Orbit.
1. Branch.
13. Ninth Pair, Hypoglossal. 2. Antrum Highmorianum. 21. Pterygoid, or Recurrent Nerve,
3. Tongue. from Meckel's Ganglion.
FIG. 618. 4. Lower Jaw-Bone. 22. Five Anterior Branches of the
5. Root of the Fifth Pair, forming Third Branch of the Fifth Pair.
A View of the Third, Fourth and the Ganglion of Gasser. 23. Lingual Branch of the Fifth,
Sixth Pairs of Nerves. 6. First Branch of the Fifth Pair, joined by the Chorda Tympani.
1. Ball of the Eye and Rectus Ex- or Ophthalmic. 24. Inferior Dental Nerve.
ternus Muscle. 7. Second Branch of the Fifth Pair, 25. Its Mental Branches.
2. The Superior Maxilla. or Superior Maxillary. 2G. Superficial Temporal Nerve.
3. The Third Pair, or Motores Oculi, 8. Third Branch of the Fifth Pair, 27. Auricular Branches.
distributed to all the Muscles of f or Inferior Maxillary. 28. Mylo-Hyoid Branch.

Pago 194.
 PIG. 620. Fin. 621.

THE FACIAL AND HYPO-QLOSoAL NERVES.

FIG. 620. FIG. 621.
The course and distribution of the Hypo-
A View of the Facial Nerve, together with
Glossal or Ninth Pair of Nerves. The
the Branches of the Cervical Plexus, &c. deep-seated nerves of the neck are also
SEEN.
1. The Portio Dura or Facial Nerve escaping
1. The Hypo-Glossal Nerve.
from the Stylo-Mastoid Foramen. The Pa- 2. Branches communicating with the Gustatory
rotid Gland has been removed in order to Nerve.
3. A Branch to the origin of the Hyoid Muscles.
show the Nerve more clearly.
4. The Descendens Noni Nerve.
2. Its Posterior Auricular Branch. 5. The Loop formed with the Branch from the
Cervical Nerves.
3. The Stylo-Hyoid Branch.
6. Muscular branches to the Depressor Muscles
4. The Pes Anserinus. of the Larynx.
5. Temporal Branches of the Facial Nerve. 7. A Filament from the Second Cervical Nerve,
and
G. Malar Branches.
8. A Filament from the Third Cervical, uniting
7. Cervico-Facial Branches. to form the communicating branch with the
8. Supra-Orbital Nerve. Loop from the Descendens Noni.
9. Sub-Cutaneus Malae, a branch of the Supe- 0. The Auricular Nerve.
10. The Inferior Dental Nerve.
rior Maxillary Nerve.
11. Its Mylo-Hyoidean Branch.
10. The Infra-Orbital Nerve. 12. The Gustatory Nerve.
11. Terminal Branches of the Inferior Dental 13. The Chorda-Tympani passing to the Gusta-
tory Nerve.
Nerve. leaving' the Gustatory
14. The Chorda-Tympani
12. Nervus Auricularis of the Cervical Plexus. Nerve Sub-Maxillary Ginglion.
to join the

13. The Superficialis Colli Nerve. 15. The Sub-Maxillary Ganglion.

16. Filaments of communication with the Lin-
11. 'Die Plexus formed between the Superlicialis
gual Nerve.
Colli and the branches of the Facial. 17. The Glosso-Pharyngeal Nerve.
15. The Occipalis Minor Branch, of the Cervical 18. The Pneumo-Gastric or Par Vagum Nerve.
19. The three upper Cervical Nerves.
Plexus.
20. The four inferior Cervical Nerves.
If). Descending branches of the Cervical Plexus. 21. The First Dorsal Nerve.
17. The Phrenic Nerve. 22.23. The Brachial Plexus.
24.25. The Phrenic Nerve.
IS. The Nervus Accessorius of the Eighth Pair
26. The Carotid Artery.
19. The Great or Posterior Occipital Nerve. 27. The Internal Jugular Vein.

Page 195
 FIG. 622. FIG. 623.

THE EIGHTH PAIR OF NERVES.

FIG. 622. FIG. 623.
A Plan of the origin and distribution of the A View of the distribution of the Glosso-
Eighth Pair of Nerves. pharyngeal Pneumo-Gastric and Spinal
1. The Corpus Pyramidale of one side. Accessory Nerves, or the Eighth Pair.
2. The Pons Varolii.
1. The Inferior Maxillary Nerve.
3. The Corpus Olivare. 2. The Gustatory Nerve.
4. The Corpus Restiforme. 3. The Chorda-Tympani.
5. The Facial Nerve. 4. The Auricular Nerve.
6. The origin of the Glosso-Pharyngeal Nerve. 5. Its communication with the Portio Dura.
6. The Facial Nerve coming out of the Stylo-Mas-
7. The Ganglionum Petrosurn. toid Foramen.
8. The Trunk of the Nerve. 7. The Glosso-Pharyngeal Nerve.
9. The Spinal Accessory Nerve. 8. Branches to the Stylo-Pharyngeus Muscle.
10. The Ganglion of the Pneumogastric Nerve. 9. The Pharyngeal Branch of the Pneumo-Gasinc
Nerve descending to form the Pharyngeal Plexus.
11. Its Plexiform Ganglion.
10. Branches of the Glosso-Pharyngeal to the Pha-
12. Its Trunk. ryngeal Plexus.
j

13. Its Pharyngeal Branch, forming (14) the Pharyn- i 11. The Pneumo-Gastric Nerve.
geal Plexus, assisted by a branch from the Glosso- 12. The Pharyngeal Plexus.
pharyngeal (8), and one from (15) the Superior La- \
13. The Superior Laryngeal Branch.
ryngeal Nerve. 14. Branches to the Pharyngeal Plexus.
lfi. Cardiac Branches. 15.15. Communication of the Superior and Inferior
Laryngeal Nerves.
17. Recurrent Laryngeal Branch.
16. Cardiac Branches.
18. Anterior Pulmonary Branches. 17. Cardiac Branches from the Right Pneumo-Gastric
19. Posterior Pulmonary Branches. Nerve.
20. Oesophageal Plexus. 18. The Left Cardiac Ganglion and Plexus.
19. The Recurrent or Inferior Laryngeal Nerve.
21. Gastric Branches.
20. Branches sent from the curve of the Recurrent
22. Origin of the Spinal Accessory Nerve. Nerve to the Pulmonary Plexus.
23. R ranches to the Sterno- Mastoid Muscle. 21. The Anterior Pulmonary Plexus.

:4. Branches to the Trapezius Muscle. 22.22. The (Esophageal Plexus.

Page 196.
 FIG. 624.

THE GP.EAT SYMPATHETIC NERVE

FIG. 624. 11. The Renal Plexus.
A View of the Great Sympathetic Nerve. 15. The Solar Plexus.
10. The Mesenteric Plexus.
1. The Plexus on the Carotid Artery in the Ca- 17. The Lumbar Ganglia.
rotid Foramen. 18. The Sacral Ganglia.
•2. Sixth Nerve (Motor Externus). 19. The Vesical Plexus.
3. First Branch of the Fifth or Ophthalmic Nerve. 20. The Rectal Plexus.
4. A Branch on the Septum Narium going to the 21. The Lumbar Plexus (Cerebro-Spinal).
Incisive Foramen. 22. The Rectum.
5. The Recurrent Branch or Vidian Nerve divid- 23. The Bladder.
ing into the Carotid and Petrosal Branches. 24. The Pubis.
6. Posterior Palatine Branches. 25. The Crest of the Ileum.
7. The Lingual Nervejoined by the Corda Tym- '26. The Kidney.

pani. 27. The Aorta.

8. The Portio Dura of the Seventh Pair or the 28. The Diaphragm.
Facial Nerve. 29. The Heart.
9. The Superior Cervical Ganglion. '•

30. The Larynx.

10. The Middle Cervical Ganglion. 31. The Sub-Maxillary Gland.
1 1. The Inferior Cervical Ganglion. 32. The Incisor Teeth.
12. The Roots of the Great Splanchnic Nerve 33. Nasal Septum.
arising from the Dorsal Ganglia. 34. Globe of the Eye.
13. The Lesser Splanchnic Nerve. 35.36. Cavity of the Cranium.

Page 197.
 FIG. 025.

FIG. 626

NERVES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY.

FIG. G25. 4. Division of the Median Nerve in the Palm to

A View of the Brachial Plexus of Nerves the Thumb, First, Second and Radial side of
and its Branches to the Arm. the Third Finger.
5. Division of the Ulnar Nerve to the Ulnar
1.1. The Scalenus Anticus Muscle.
side of the Third and both sides of the Fourth
2.2. The Median Nerve.
Finger.
3. The Ulnar Nerve.
4. The Branch to the Biceps Muscle.
5. The Thoracic Nerves. FIG. 627.
G. The Phrenic Nerve, from the Third and A View of the Nerves on the Back of the
Fourth Cervical. Fore-Arm and Hand.
1.1. The Ulnar Nerve.
FIG. 626. 2.2. The Ramus Profundus Dorsalis Nerve.
A View of the Nerves on the front of the l
3. Termination of the Nervus Cutaneus Hu-
Fore-Arm. I meri.
1. The Median Nerve. 4. The Dorsalis Carpi, a Branch of the Radial
2. Anterior Branch of the Musculo-Spiral or ) Nerve.
Radial Nerve. 5.5. A back view of the Digital Nerves.
3. The Ulnar Nerve. G. Dorsal Branch of the Ulnar Nerve.

Paye 198.
 FIG. 628.

FIG. 630.

FIG 629.

NERVES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY.

FIG. 023. FIG. G29.
A View op the Lumbar andIschiatic Plexuses A View of the Branches of the Ischiatic
and the Branches of the former. Plexus to the Hip and back of the Thigh.

1. The Lumbar Plexus. 1.1. Posterior Sacral Nerves.

2. The Isehiatic Plexus. 2. Nervi Glutei.

3.3. Abdomino-Crural Nerves.

3. The Internal Pudic Nerve.
4. The External Cutaneous Nerve (Inguino- 4. The Lesser Isehiatic Nerve, giving off the
Perineal Cutaneus, and
Cutaneous).
5. The Ramus Femoralis Cutaneus Posterior.
5.6.7. Cutaneous Branches from
6. Great Isehiatic Nerve.
The Anterior Crural Nerve.
8.

The Genito-Crural Nerve, or Spermaticus

9.
Kx tenuis.
FIG. 630.

10.10. The lower termination of the Great Sym-

A View of the Anterior Crural Nerve and
pathetic.
its Branches.
11. The Iliacus Internus Muscle. 1. Point where the Nerve comes out under Pou-
12. The three broad Muscles of the Abdomen. part's Ligament.
13. The Psoas-Magnus Muscle. 2. Division of the Nerve into its Branches.
I 1. Bodies of the Lumbar Vertebrae. 3. The Femoral Artery.
15. The Quadratns Lumborum Muscle. 4. The Femoral Vein.
16. The Diaphragm. 5. The Branches of the Obturator Nerve.
17. The Sartorius. \
6. The Nervus Saphenus.
199.
 FIG. G31. FIG. 632. FIG 6:33.

FIG. 631.

NERVES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY.

FIG. 631. FIG. 633.

A View of the Anterior Tibial Nerve.

A View of the Posterior Tibial Nerve, in
THE BACK OF THE LEG.
1. The Peroneal Nerve. 1.2. Indicate its course; the upper part of the

2.3. The Anterior Tibial Nerve accompanying the Peroneal Nerve being seen to the Right.
Artery of the same name.
FIG. 634.
A View of the termination of the Posterior
FIG. 632. Tibial Nerve in the Sole of the Foot.
1. Inside of the Foot.
A View of some of the Branches of the Pop- <

2. Outer side of the Foot.

liteal Nerve. 3. TheHeel.
4. Internal Plantar Nerve.
1. The Popliteal Nerve. 5. External Plantar Nerve.
2.3. Terminations of the Ramus Femoralis Cuta- 0. Branch to the Flexor Brevis Muscle.
7. Branch to the outside of the Little Toe.
neus Posterior. \

8. Branch to the space between the Fourth and

4.5. The Saphenous Nerve, Fifth Toes.
ti.fj. The External Saphenous or Communicans j 9.9.9. Digital Branches to the remaining Spaces.
Tibia?. I
10. Branch to the internal side of the Great Toe.

Page 200.
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