02 Huawei WDM OTN Principle Introduction

HCPA-Transmission&Access Series
WDM OTN Principle Introduction
May, 2020
HUAWEI.COM
Security Level:
Training Objective
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the concepts, transmission modes and structure of WDM/OTN;
 Outline the key technologies of WDM/OTN system;
 List the technical specifications for WDM/OTN system.
2 Huawei Confidential
Contents
1 Overview
2 System Components and Node Model
3 Basic concepts
4 System Specifications of a WDM Equipment
What is WDM？
 Recall back the physics class material: Newton's prism experiment
Dispersion Spectrum
The phenomenon where prism separates the white light
Red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple
into a variety of monochromatic light is called as
color arrangement are called spectrum.
dispersion (definition: Color dispersed)
Optical reversibility
• White light (also known as gray light / white light) can be decomposed into different colors of monochromatic light;
• Monochromatic lights can be combined into white light;
How to separate white light?

Colored lights refracted at different angles respectively, this will result in separated color spectrum.
The wavelength related with the refractive index. The refractive index is different at the different wavelength .
Why WDM is so Important?
High Wavelength Number: 32/40  80/96 120…

capacity  Line Rate: 2.5G/10G  40G  100G400G/1T
Transparent
WDM Low cost
Transmit
Transparent Transmission
High efficiency Using OLA station to replace REG
One for All & All in One
 WDM is the only high-capacity long-haul transmission solution

 WDM signals can achieve "transparent" transmission
 Low-cost OLA station is used to replace REG station
Development of Optical Transport Technology
Control plane ASON (The control protocol is GMPLS)
MSTP
PDH SDH PTN
Electrical-layer
MS-OTN OTN+
OTN
WDM
Optical-layer
 SDH and WDM are the most widely used technologies in the transport network.
 OTN integrates the advantages of SDH and WDM, and is the mainstream technology and evolution direction in the
current transport field.
PDH: plesiochronous digital hierarchy SDH: synchronous digital hierarchy
OTN: optical transport network PTN: packet transport network
ASON: automatically switched optical network GMPLS: generalized multi-protocol label switching
MSTP: multi-service transmission platform MS-OTN: multi-service optical transport network
What is WDM System？
WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing), a technology that utilizes the characteristics of broad bandwidth and low
attenuation of optical fiber, uses multiple wavelengths as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit simultaneously
in a single fiber.
WDM System is Similar with the Highway
Gas Station • Freeway: Fiber

• Patrol Car: Supervisory Signal
• Gas Station: Optical Relay
Free Way • Gray Car: Client Service

• Colored Car: Service in different
channels (wavelength)
• Driveway: Optical Wavelength
Patrol Car
What is OTN?
OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Based on WDM, OTN integrates some advantages of SDH, such as various OAM overheads, flexible
service grooming, and perfect protection modes. It provides more fine-grained service management and
grooming than WDM wavelengths.
Advantages of OTN Compared with SDH

• Larger bandwidth, larger granularity, and more
channels
• Transparent transmission of all signals
OTN supports
• Stronger FEC capability and long transmission
electrical-layer Advantages of OTN Compared with WDM
distance + optical layer. • The electrical-layer grooming is added, which is more
flexible.
• The electrical-layer protection is added to improve reliability.
• Powerful overhead and easy maintenance
What is OTN?
STM-n
E1 VC12
ODUk
Small Granule(CBR) E3 VC3
E1/T1, E3/T3, STM-n, … STM-1 VC4
FC1/2/4/8/10 ODUflex
HO ODUk
Large Granule(CBR)
OTM-n
GE, 10GE, 40GE, 100GE, …. 10GE ODU2
OTUk
OCH
GE ODU0
Ethernet
E-LAN VLAN
ODUk
Packet Service(CBR/VBR) E-Line MPLS
E-Line/E-Lan/E-Tree, …
E-LAN MPLS
E-Line
• Flexible bandwidth assignment, different services are safely separated through ODUk(0/1/2/3/4/flex).
• High quality transmission for OTN/SDH traffic
• Supply QoS guarantee for Packet traffic through priority, different QoS is provided to different priority level.
What is MS-OTN?
MS-OTN（Multi-Service Optical Transport Network）
Traditional Mode Universal Mode

Layer 1
OTN OTN OTN
OTN
Tributary Card Line Card
OTN
Tributary Card 0 100%
ODUk/VC PKT
ODU
Layer 2
TDM TDM TDM TDM VC
TDM
Tributary Card Line Card Tributary Card Packet
OTN/TDM
PKT
Layer 3 One Layer
PKT PKT PKT
PKT Tributary Card Line Card PKT Tributary Card
Hybrid transmission: Native SDH/OTN/Packet traffic come into hybrid line card, adapted to different
ODUk, unified encapsulated into one line card for unified transmission, realizing All in One & One for All
function at the same time.
What is OTN+?
Flexible Granularity Fragmentation Lower Network Latency
O O O O
T T O O O
V
T T
O O O D D D D U U
D V
V D D D U U U U U
C V
C T
C C
T C
80 * ODU0
4 U 4
100G 100G
4
C U U
40K * 2M
U U C 4 2 1 n
4 1
2 4 C n
n n
5-level OUD Multiplexing DTU Direct Mapping
10 Mbit/s start, 2 Mbit/s step, and 125x service links Multiplexing layers are reduced from 5 layers to 2 layers
Mapping simplified by 50%

Latency reduced by 80% (5μs->1μs)
Summary
Traditional WDM Switched OTN MS-OTN OTN+
No Switch OTN Switch Universal Switch Universal Switch
SDH Transponder SDH SDH

SDH
Eth. Transponder OTN OTN OTN
PKT
Other PKT
Other Transponder ODU VC ODU PKT OSU
• Excellent: Large-capacity/long- • Excellent: Flexible grooming • Unified switching • Simplified Encapsulation

haul transmission based on OTN • Universal line board • Hitless bandwidth adjustment
• Poor: Low bandwidth utilization • Poor: Smooth upgrade of SDH • More links
and flexibility inventory networks is not
supported.
Contents
1 Overview
3 Basic concepts
WDM Main Components
OTM A OLA OTM B
OTU OSC OSC OSC OTU
OTU F F OTU
O O O
MUX I I DEMUX
A A A
OTU U U OTU
OTU OTU
Site A OLA Site B
Optical Layer Electrical Electrical Optical Layer

at Client Side Layer Optical Layer at Line Side Layer at Client Side
• Optical Transport Unit (OTU)

• De-multiplexer / Multiplexer (DEMUX/MUX)
• Optical Amplifier (OA)
• Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)
• Fiber interface unit (FIU)
What is OTU?
• Optical Transport unit (OTU) Client side: 4*100G(QSFP28)
Gray light (client side) Colored Light (line side)

OTU
O-E/E-O
OTU Line side: 2*200G(CFP2)

MD02@DC908
An OTU (Optical Transponder Unit) board converts client-side services into standard optical signals after performing mapping,
convergence, and other procedures. The board also performs the reverse process.
Typical client side service Typical client side service

Service Category Service Type
• Standard DWDM wavelengths that
SDH STM-1/STM-4/STM-16/STM-64/STM-256…
comply with ITU-T G.694.1/G.694.2
SONET OC-3/OC-12/OC-48/OC-192/OC-768
• OTUk (k=0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4, C2, c4…)
Ethernet service FE/GE/10GE/40GE/100GE…
SAN service ETR/CLO/FDDI/ESCON/ISC 1G/FICON/FC/InfiniBand…
OTN service OTUk
Video service DVB-ASI/SDI/HD-SDI/3G-SDI/HD-SDIRBR/3G-SDIRBR
What is MUX/DEMUX?
• De-multiplexer / Multiplexer (DEMUX/MUX);
OUT1 OUT1
Fiber Fiber
OTU2 OTU2
… …
OTUn OTUn
M48v D48
MUX DEMUX
Optical multiplexer boards multiplex multiple optical signals into one ITU-T G.694-compliant optical signal.
Optical demultiplexer boards demultiplex one multiplexed optical signal into individual ITU-T G.694-compliant
optical signals.
What is OA?
• Optical Amplifier (OA)
OA
OA
Input optical signal Amplified optical signal
OAU1
OA: without optical - electricity - optical conversion, it’s a device that the optical signal can be directly amplified.
There are two commonly used amplifiers:

• Erbium-doped fiber OA (EDFA)
• Raman amplifier
What is OSC?
• Optical Supervisory Channel(OSC).
OSC OSC
F F
OTU1 I I 0 OTU1
OTU2 M U U 4 OTU2
OTU3 4 M OTU3
OTU4 0 OTU4
AST2
OSC boards transmit optical supervisory information between two NEs. OSC boards provide high reliability of network
monitoring because they transmit the OSC over a wavelength different from service wavelengths.
According to the ITU-T recommendation, DWDM optical supervisory channel system should be completely
independent of the main channel. In the transmission process, the OSC is not involved in amplification, but in each
site, it will be end and regenerated.
What is FIU?
• Fiber interface unit(FIU)
OSC
F
I
U
OA
FIU
As an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer unit, the FIU board multiplexes the main channel (service channel)
signal and the OSC signal onto a single communications channel. The FIU board also performs the reverse
process.
OTM Signal Flow
Optical Terminal Multiplexer (OTM):
λ1
OTU
M
MUX
4 OA
OTU 0
λ40 fiber
F
Client side I Line side
OSC
U
λ1
OTU
DEMUX
M
4 OA
OTU 0
λ40
• An OTM site adds service signals to the lines of the WDM system through the multiplexer unit. It also drops the
service signals from the lines of the WDM system through the demultiplexer unit.
• The OTM site has only one dimension. All optical signals in all directions are terminated here.
OLA Signal Flow
Optical Line Amplifier (OLA):
OA
F F
I OSC I
U U
OA
• An OLA site amplifies bi-directionally transmitted optical signals to extend the transmission distance.
• The optical amplifier node has no OEO/3R process, just a simple optical signal amplification and dispersion
compensation, so optical amplifier node has lower cost.
REG Signal Flow
Regenerator Station:
0 OTU
DEMUX
M
MUX
4
OA M 4 OA
F 0 F
OTU
I 0 OTU I
M
DEMUX
MUX
4
OA M 4 OA
U 0 U
OTU
OSC
In long-haul transmission, if one or more factors such as dispersion, optical power, noise, and nonlinear effects limit
line extension, an REG site can be configured to regenerate electrical signals, improving signal quality.
OADM Signal Flow
Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM):
F OA L OA F
FOADM
FOADM
I OA OA I
O O O O
U T T T T U
U U U U
OSC
• The main function of an OADM site is to add or drop one or more wavelengths from a multi-wavelength channel during transmission.
• There are two OADM sites available: fixed OADM (FOADM) and reconfigurable OADM (ROADM).
• Fixed optical add/drop multiplexer (FOADM) boards drop individual ITU-T G.694-compliant optical signals from a multiplexed signal
and send these optical signals to associated OTU boards. In addition, FOADM boards also add and multiplex individual ITU-T G.694-
compliant optical signals into one multiplexed signal.
Summary and an Example
Service signals A and B are transmitted from city A to cities E and D respectively.
1. The signals are added to a line at the OTM site.

2. The signals reach city B. Since the optical power weakens, the signals need to be amplified at the OLA site.
3. The signals reach city C. The signal quality seriously downgrades, and the signals need to be regenerated at the REG site.
4. The signals reach city D. Signal B reaches its destination and is dropped at the OADM site.
5. Signal A reaches city E and is dropped at the OTM site.
Contents
1 Overview
3 Basic concepts
Colored Light & Grey Light
The light in WDM systems is carried over different wavelengths
compliant with specific standards.
To distinguish wavelengths in different systems, the wavelengths in
WDM systems are called colored light whereas the wavelengths
in common optical systems are called grey light.
Avoid direct eye exposure to the optical ports, preventing the

laser from hurting your eyes.
Typical scenario
Client-side optical modules provide grey optical ports while WDM-side optical modules provide colored optical ports.
How to Distinguish Colored and Grey Optical Modules?

They can be distinguished by whether their specifications contain center wavelengths.
The transmit and receive wavelengths of colored optical modules have a nominal center frequency and center wavelength.
The transmit and receive wavelengths of grey optical modules have a wide range and do not have a center wavelength.
C Band and L Band
The fiber attenuation or loss is a very important feature which is constraint to the spread of optical signals. The loss of t he
fiber limits the transmission distance of optical signals. Different wavelengths, different loss.
Curve of Attenuation Variety (Attenuation Spectrum)
Band State Range (nm) Bandwidth (nm)
O original 1260~1360 100
E extend 1360~1460 100
S short wavelength 1460~1525 65
C conventional wavelength 1525~1565 40
L long wavelength 1565~1625 60
U ultra long wavelength 1625~1675 50
• ITU-T divides the band of fiber which is higher than 1260nm as O/E/S/C/L/U band;
• As we can see, the attenuation in C band and L band is the lowest. We choose C(1525nm-1565nm) and L(1565-1625nm) band
for DWDM system.
• SDH/PTN/Router use O band 1310nm when short distance transmission and use C band 1550nm when long distance transmission.
DWDM Standard: C Band 40/80 Channels
No. Center Center Wavelengt Center Center No. Center Center Waveleng Center Center
Frequenc Wavelengt h No. Frequency Wavelengt Frequenc Waveleng th No. Frequenc Waveleng
y (THz) h (nm) (THz) h (nm) y (THz) th (nm) y (THz) th (nm)
41 194.05 1544.92 61 193.05 1552.93
1 196.05 1529.16 21 195.05 1537.00
42 194.00 1545.32 62 193.00 1553.33
2 196.00 1529.55 22 195.00 1537.40
43 193.95 1545.72 63 192.95 1553.73
3 195.95 1529.94 23 194.95 1537.79
4 195.90 1530.33 24 194.90 1538.19 44 193.90 1546.12 64 192.90 1554.13
5 195.85 1530.72 25 194.85 1538.58 45 193.85 1546.52 65 192.85 1554.54
6 195.80 1531.12 26 194.80 1538.98 46 193.80 1546.92 66 192.80 1554.94
7 195.75 1531.51 27 194.75 1539.37 47 193.75 1547.32 67 192.75 1555.34
8 195.70 1531.90 28 194.70 1539.77 48 193.70 1547.72 68 192.70 1555.75
9 195.65 1532.29 29 194.65 1540.16 49 193.65 1548.11 69 192.65 1556.15
10 195.60 1532.68 30 194.60 1540.56 50 193.60 1548.51 70 192.60 1556.55
11 195.55 1533.07 31 194.55 1540.95 51 193.55 1548.91 71 192.55 1556.96
12 195.50 1533.47 32 194.50 1541.35 52 193.50 1549.32 72 192.50 1557.36
13 195.45 1533.86 33 194.45 1541.75 53 193.45 1549.72 73 192.45 1557.77
14 195.40 1534.25 34 194.40 1542.14 54 193.40 1550.12 74 192.40 1558.17
15 195.35 1534.64 35 194.35 1542.54 55 193.35 1550.52 75 192.35 1558.58
16 195.30 1535.04 36 194.30 1542.94 56 193.30 1550.92 76 192.30 1558.98
17 195.25 1535.43 37 194.25 1543.33 57 193.25 1551.32 77 192.25 1559.39
18 195.20 1535.82 38 194.20 1543.73 58 193.20 1551.72 78 192.20 1559.79
19 195.15 1536.22 39 194.15 1544.13 59 193.15 1552.12 79 192.15 1560.20
20 195.10 1536.61 40 194.10 1544.53 60 193.10 1552.52 80 192.10 1560.61
Transponder
N x low-speed client-side services to N x optical signals carried over ITU-T–compliant WDM wavelengths
Muxponder
N x low-speed client-side services to one high-speed optical signal carried over ITU-T–compliant WDM wavelengths
Client services are SDH, SONET, OTN, SAN, Ethernet, video, and other services.
OTN Tributary Boards
Function
OTN tributary boards are used mainly to locally add/drop client services from the WDM side. Specifically, an OTN tributary board receives a
client service, converts the service into an electrical signal, maps the signal into an appropriate ODUk signal, and sends the ODUk signal to
the cross-connect board.
Positions of OTN tributary boards in a WDM system
OTN Line Boards
Function : Positions of OTN line boards in a WDM system
 Allows for local add/drop of client services on the WDM
side by working with an OTN tributary board.
The OTN line board receives the ODUk signal from the cross-
connect board, it maps and multiplexes the signal and converts the
signal into an OTUk signal carried over an ITU-T G.694.1-compliant
DWDM wavelength. The reverse conversion is similar.
 Transparently transmits WDM-side services by working

with another OTN line board.
When receiving a west WDM-side service, this OTN line board
performs E/O conversion, demapping, and demultiplexing to convert
the service into an ODUk signal. Then this OTN line board sends the
ODUk signal to the cross-connect board for grooming. When the
other OTN line board receives the ODUk signal from the cross-
connect board, it converts the ODUk signal into an OTUk signal
carried over an ITU-T G.694.1-compliant DWDM wavelength by
performing mapping, multiplexing, and E/O conversion, and sends
the OTUk signal to the east. The reverse process is similar.
Why the tributary/line separated architecture is needed?
OTU architecture Tributary/Line separated architecture
As shown in the preceding figures, the major difference between the tributary/line separated architecture and the OTU architecture
lies that centralized cross-connect boards are introduced into the tributary/line separated architecture for grooming of ODUk
signals at different levels. To be specific, under the tributary/line separated architecture, client-side services are not encapsulated
into WDM-side services (OTUk) and added to the line side using one board.
This architecture improves electrical-layer grooming flexibility and bandwidth usage.
Optical and Electrical Subracks
Electrical Subrack
An electrical subrack houses only cross- connect boards, OTU boards, tributary boards, line boards, or protection boards. Electrical subracks
include universal platform subracks that house only OTU boards in non-regeneration mode, and optical/electrical hybrid subracks.
An electrical subrack converts

An optical subrack grooms and
client-side signals into
manages optical signals on an
standard-wavelength optical
OTN.
signals for grooming
implemented by an optical
subrack.
Optical Subrack
An optical subrack houses only OADM boards, multiplexer boards, demultiplexer boards, optical amplifier boards, OSC boards, optical
spectrum analyzer boards, OLP boards used for optical line protection, regeneration boards, or OTU boards in regeneration mode.
A subrack equipped with only protection boards is an optical subrack.

Electrical-Layer Grooming
Grooms electrical signals at a granularity of ODUk(k =1, 2(e), 3, 4, or flex).
The core unit for electrical-layer grooming is the cross-connect board.
 Services are transmitted to tributary boards and groomed to line boards through the cross-connect board, encapsulated and
mapped to OTU signals on the line boards, and then transmitted to the WDM side.
 Through electrical-layer grooming, services of different granularities are groomed and encapsulated into one wavelength and
output to the WDM side. This enables multiple services to share the bandwidth, greatly improving bandwidth utilization.
Optical-Layer Grooming
Grooms optical signals at a granularity of wavelength (λ) by flexibly selecting transmission paths.
The core unit for optical-layer grooming is the ROADM board.
• After receiving OTU optical signals, the ROADM board creates optical cross-connection paths internally and outputs the
signals to specified egresses. Each egress corresponds to a specific path.
• Operation personnel can remotely control the transmission paths of optical signals by creating and adjusting cross-
connection paths on the NMS.
• Optical-layer grooming used together with the ASON technology can implement automatic fault detection and line
adjustment to ensure normal transmission of services.
Questions
 Why do WDM systems select C Band and L Band wavelengths to

carry service signals?
 Which is the core unit for electrical-layer grooming?
 Why the tributary/line separated architecture is needed?
Contents
1 Overview
3 Basic Concepts
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity / Fiber = Rate/ Wavelength * Number of wavelengths
Typical single-wavelength rate: 10G/100G/400G/800G…
Typical mux number of wavelengths: 80λ/96λ/C120λ/C+L…
Integration
Capacity / slot
Capacity / U (1U=1.75 in.=44.45 mm)
Transport Distance
Distance between OTM A and OTM B, with out REG.
Switching capability
Similar to the bus station throughput, that is, the number of passengers that can be
accepted at the same time. If the equipment is regarded as a station and the information
is regarded as a passenger, the cross-connect capacity of the electrical layer determines
the amount of information that can be accepted by the equipment on the client side.
Different devices support different cross-connect capacities for different service types.
把数字世界带入每个人、每个家庭、
Thank you. 每个组织，构建万物互联的智能世界。
Bring digital to every person, home and
organization for a fully connected,
intelligent world.
Copyright©2019 Huaw ei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserv ed.
The information in this document may contain predictive

statements including, without limitation, statements regarding
the future financial and operating results, future product
portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that
could cause actual results and developments to differ materially
from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements.
Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose
only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei
may change the information at any time without notice.
Huawei Confidential
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ASON: Automatically Switched Optical Network OSU: Optical Service Unit
DEMUX: De-multiplexer OTM: Optical Terminal Multiplexer
FIU: Fiber Interface Unit OTN: Optical Transport Network
GMPLS: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching OTU: Optical Transport Unit
MS-OTN: Multi-Service Optical Transport Network PDH: Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
MSTP: Multi-service Transmission Platform PDH: Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
MUX: Multiplexer PTN: Packet Transport Network
OA: Optical Amplifier QoS: Quality of Service
OADM: Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer REG: Regenerator
OLA: Optical Line Amplifier SDH: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
OSC: Optical Supervisory Channel WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Related ITU-T recommendations
 G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber cable

 G.655 Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted SMF
 G.661/G.662/G.663 Relevant recommendations of OA
 G.671 Characteristics of passive optical components
 G.957 Optical interfaces relating to SDH system
 G.691 Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64, STM-256 systems
and other SDH systems with OA
 G.692 Optical interfaces for multi-channel systems with OA
 G.709 Interfaces for the optical transport network (OTN)
 G.975 Forward error correction for submarine systems (FEC)
Mapping and multiplexing ODUk signals into OTUk signals

02 Huawei WDM OTN Principle Introduction

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HCPA-Transmission&Access Series

WDM OTN Principle Introduction

2 System Components and Node Model

4 System Specifications of a WDM Equipment

How to separate white light?

High Wavelength Number: 32/40  80/96 120…

 WDM is the only high-capacity long-haul transmission solution

Gas Station • Freeway: Fiber

Free Way • Gray Car: Client Service

Advantages of OTN Compared with SDH

Traditional Mode Universal Mode

Flexible Granularity Fragmentation Lower Network Latency

5-level OUD Multiplexing DTU Direct Mapping

Mapping simplified by 50%

Traditional WDM Switched OTN MS-OTN OTN+

No Switch OTN Switch Universal Switch Universal Switch

SDH Transponder SDH SDH

• Excellent: Large-capacity/long- • Excellent: Flexible grooming • Unified switching • Simplified Encapsulation

2 System Components and Node Model

4 System Specifications of a WDM Equipment

OTU OSC OSC OSC OTU

Optical Layer Electrical Electrical Optical Layer

• Optical Transport Unit (OTU)

Gray light (client side) Colored Light (line side)

OTU Line side: 2*200G(CFP2)

Typical client side service Typical client side service

There are two commonly used amplifiers:

1. The signals are added to a line at the OTM site.

2 System Components and Node Model

4 System Specifications of a WDM Equipment

Avoid direct eye exposure to the optical ports, preventing the

How to Distinguish Colored and Grey Optical Modules?

Curve of Attenuation Variety (Attenuation Spectrum)

Band State Range (nm) Bandwidth (nm)

O original 1260~1360 100

E extend 1360~1460 100

S short wavelength 1460~1525 65

C conventional wavelength 1525~1565 40

L long wavelength 1565~1625 60

U ultra long wavelength 1625~1675 50

Positions of OTN tributary boards in a WDM system

 Transparently transmits WDM-side services by working

This architecture improves electrical-layer grooming flexibility and bandwidth usage.

An electrical subrack converts

A subrack equipped with only protection boards is an optical subrack.

The core unit for electrical-layer grooming is the cross-connect board.

 Why do WDM systems select C Band and L Band wavelengths to

2 System Components and Node Model

4 System Specifications of a WDM Equipment

Capacity / Fiber = Rate/ Wavelength * Number of wavelengths

Typical single-wavelength rate: 10G/100G/400G/800G…

Typical mux number of wavelengths: 80λ/96λ/C120λ/C+L…

Distance between OTM A and OTM B, with out REG.

Copyright©2019 Huaw ei Technologies Co., Ltd.

The information in this document may contain predictive

 G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber cable

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