MID-TERM TRAINING

BHARTI AIRTEL
SUBMITTED BY:
SANDHYA KUMARI (UE165101)
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. GURPREET KAUR
CONTENTS

 Introduction to AIRTEL
 AIRTEL INDIA
 AIRTEL NOC
 Various technologies in Airtel network
 SDH
 OTN
 MPLS
 B2B
 PROBLEM MANAGEMENT
Bharti Airtel Limited, also known as Airtel, is an Indian global
telecommunications services company based in Delhi,India.It
operates in 18 countries across South Asia and Africa,and also in
the channel islands.

Airtel provides-
GSM
3G
4G LTE
4G+ mobile services
fixed line broadband and voice services
DTH
AIRTEL INDIA
Airtel India is the third largest provider after Jio Communications and
Vodafone Idea Ltd of mobile telephony and second largest provider
of fixed telephony in India, and
is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services
 TELEMEDIA

 DIGITAL TELEVISION

 MOBILE DATA SERVICES

 BUSINESS
AIRTEL NOC( NETWORK OPERATION CENTER)
Airtel NOC is a network operations centre where airtel handles all its
network
across PAN INDIA. In NOC, airtel works in various verticals and gives its
customers
24*7 service. NOC works 24*7 and works in bestest technology to secure
its
network.
NOC consists of various verticals including:
 Transport NOC
 CM(Change Management)/B2B NOC
 Core NOC
 Performance NOC
 DTH NOC
Transport NOC

It is a basic layer of OSI model which handles the airtel

network physically. All the BTS (towers) across PAN India are
handled by this team which handles by using NMS(Network
Management System) of various vendors using NMS(Network
Management System) of various vendors like Alcatel(NOKIA),
HUAWEI, Ciena, ECI.
Core NOC

It works in its own wayapart from CM or Transport NOC. It handles its core
network i.e., how to handle various faults if occur in NOC.

Performance NOC
It handles performance of overall Airtel Network. It helps in increasing
efficiency and data rates of Airtel Network.

DTH NOC
It is different from all above NOCs which works in digitzation i.e., handles
various DTH networks all across India.

 
 VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY IN AIRTEL NETWORK
 SDH(SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY)

 A New Digital Hierarchy

 155.52 Mb/s, 622.08 Mb/s, 2488.32 Mb/s, 9953.28 Mb/s,

39813.120Mb/s

 Existing PDH and future ATM signals are carried over the SDH
system.
Multiplex low bit rate digital signals to higher bit rate and
transmit large information efficiently.
 FEATURES OF SDH TECHNOLOGY
• Synchronous Network
 Basically, all network elements work on a single clock
source.
 Abundant Overhead Bits
 To carry large information for Network Management.

• Unified Interface and Multiplexing Specifications

 Common to all countries.
 Standardized optical interfaces
 Benifits of overhaed bits in SDH
 Realization of highly advanced Network Management System for:
• Fault management

• Configuration management

• Performance management

• Security management

• Accounting management
 Benifits of unified interface in SDH

 Multi-vendor Environment

 International Connection
PATH AND SECTION
 Multiplexing Processes

Multiplexing is composed of various processes:

• Mapping –Tributaries adapted into Virtual Containers (VC) by

adding stuffing and POH

• Aligning –Pointer is added to locate the VC inside an AU or TU

• Multiplexing –Interleaving the bytes of multiple paths

• Stuffing –Adding up the fixed stuff bits to compensate for
frequency variances
STM-N frame
 SDH Rates
• SDH is a transport hierarchy based on multiples of 155.52 Mbit/s.

The basic unit of SDH is STM-1:

STM-1 = 155.52 Mbit/s
STM-4 = 622.08 Mbit/s
STM-16 = 2588.32 Mbit/s
STM-64 = 9953.28 Mbit/s

• Each rate is an exact multiple of the lower rate therefore the hierarchy
is synchronous.
Frame Structures for Each Common
Hierarchy Level
Mapping Hierarchy
 STM-1 Frame Structure and SOH
9 bytes 261 b ytes

RSO H

AU PTR
9 row s

STM-1 PAYLOAD

MSOH

}
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0
B1 E1 F1 RSO H
Section O verhead D1 D2 D 3
A U P o in te r ( s )
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2

}
D 4 D5 D 6
D 7 D8 D 9 M SO H
D10 D 11 D 12
S1 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 M 1 E2

: bytes reserved for national use

 SDH ALARMS
RS ALARMS

RS alarms are those, which can be reported even by a pure

Regenerator
• LOS (Loss of Signal)->based on whole RSOH
• LOF (Loss of Frame)-> based on A1, A2 bytes

• TIM (Trace Identifier Mismatch)->based on J0 byte

• SF (Signal Fail)->based on B1 byte

• SD (Signal Degrade)->based on B1 byte

 MS ALARMS

MS alarms are those, which can be reported by a Add-Drop

Multiplexer, irrespective of cross-connect configuration
• AIS (Alarm Indication Signal)->reported based on K2 byte
-- bits 6,7,8
• SF (Signal Fail)->based on B2 bytes
• SD (Signal Degrade)->based on B2 bytes

• RDI (Remote Defect Indication)->based on K2 byte -- bits

6,7,8
 Protection in SDH
 Point-to-Point Links
 1+1 protection
 1:1 protection
 1:N protection

 Ring interconnection
 Dual homing
 Point-to-Point Links
 1:1 protection
 Traffic transmitted over only the working fiber
 If the working fiber is cut, the source and destination both
switch over to the protection fiber
 An APS protocol is required
 Not as fast as 1+1 protection

 Advantages over 1+1 protection

 Under normal operation, the protection fiber can be used to
transmit lower-priority traffic
 Can extend to 1: N protection where N working fibers share a
single protection fiber
 Ring Interconnection
 Simple way: connect the drop sides of two ADMs on different
rings back to back
 The interconnection is broken if one of the ADMs fails or the
link between the two ADMs fails
 Solution: dual homing
 Use two hub nodes to perform interconnection
 Connections are setup between the originating node and both
the hub nodes using the drop-and-continue feature in the
ADMs
OTN

Optical transport network (OTN)  An OTN network is

composed of a set of optical NEs connected by optical fiber

links. These NEs are able to provide functions such as

transport, multiplexing, routing, management, supervision,

and protection (survivability) of client signals.

FEATURES OF OTN

Compared with SDH and SONET networks, an OTN network has the

following features:

• Ultra capacity with high accuracy, T-bit/second per fiber over DWDM lines

• Service transparency for client signals

• Asynchronous mapping, powerful FEC function, simplified network design,

and reduced costs

OTN NETWORK LAYERS AND PORT STRUCTURE
OPUk: optical channel payload unit-k
ODUk: optical channel data unit-k
OTUk: completely standardized optical channel transport unit-k
OTUkV: functionally standardized Optical channel transport unit-k
OCh: optical channel with full functionality
OChr: optical channel with reduced functionality
OMS: optical multiplex section
OTS: optical transmission section
OPS: optical physical section
OTM: optical transport module
 MPLS
 MPLS——Multi-Protocol Label Switching
 Multi-Protocol: supports multiple L3 protocols, such as IP, IPv6 and
IPX. These protocols are located between L2 and L3, so they are also
called L2.5 protocols.
 Label: is a short, equal-length, processable information content with
partial meaning only, topology information excluded.
 Switching: MPLS packet switching and forwarding are based on labels.
For an IP service, when IP packets enter in the MPLS network, the router
in the entrance analyzes the contents of the IP packet and chooses proper
labels for these IP packets. All nodes in the MPLS network then depend
on these simple labels for forwarding. When the IP packets leave the
MPLS network, these labels are separated by the edge router on the exit.
 Origin: to Combine IP and ATM

IP MPLS ATM
Connectionle Connectionle Connection-
ss-oriented ss-oriented orientedcontr
control plane control plane ol plane

Connectionle Connection-
Connection-
ss-oriented oriented
oriented
forward forward plane
forward
plane plane
A Technology Combining Advantages of ATM and IP

Layer 3 routing: expandability and flexibility

Layer 2 switching: high reliability and traffic
engineering management
Basic Concepts of MPLS
Encapsulation Formats and Labels of MPLS

 0 19 22 23 31
 Label  COS  S  TTL  32 bits

 L2 Header
 MPLS Header
 IP Header  Data

The MPLS packet header consists of 32 bits (four bytes):

20 bits are used as labels.

Three bits are Experimental, often used as class of service (CoS),

but unspecified in the protocol.

One bit is S, used to nest labels and identify whether it is stack

bottom or not. In this case, the label can be expanded infinitely.

Eight bits are TTL.
 MPLS Label Forwarding
 The MPLS forwarding
B2B(Business to Business)

It provides its private and goverment sector customers voice ,data and wired

lines .It helps to connect branches of its offices across the globe. Airtel gives

enterprises intelligent connectivity ,enterprise mobility,collaboration solutions

,cloud and managed services and provide voice solution and also digital media
Problem Management Team
 Problem management team assures

• Uniterrupted connectivityand
• Enterprise mobility
• Stability of media
 Work flow of problem management team

Analysis POI Execution

 ANALYSIS
We look for the last 3 months reported incident alarms .
Details of alarms are recorded using BMC tool(keeps record of various
alarms repored and various information related to it),ECRM tool(keeps
record of SR(service request)),Metasolve tool(M6).

 POI(Plan of action)
By looking causes of alarms which can be->
->Ring failure
->Node isolation
->Equipment fault
->Card fault and many more
Plans such as->creation of MSPW,Shifting to the new technolgy,consulting
field engineers to tackle fiber cut problem.
THANK YOU