UNIT-3 Elebromagnete Aref dilte Relays 3 Ele romaynekc Aivaction Pelays Athadled Atmelire, Balanced Beam, Iroluctsen Diss frclu ction cup relays > Relays claeiftechon: fnslanlaneous, DMT, FOMT Types > Applicshen of relays: unde voltege | over cusstent rls Dirediont, oLffnental, 1 ht ferertial Pelags > Unicel Fegue Eysateon — > Distane Rebys: Jmpeclnce, Reatane, Mho , offset ho felays. —> charactmita of Distance Relays Compassion ey Slabee Lebys Venues Elecbiowagnste Fetays. haUNIT-3 Te cbromesneti & Stake Kebys E lechomenzhe Alfradion Palage dh thew whys, ‘thee 4% cofl which encrgges Qn chdhomay nat Kthen “the opersing Cossrent becomes fell produceel by on ek rornngnt A athack the ormate of plunger, the tip Ciresit tontachs: These darge, ‘the — waynedie ® jw bah Ahet making Contad wit axe Splat types ef veleys The varvous type - clechomagnele attraction type rely ore, 09 Atvosted asimetione relay @ Solenod anel ployer type velay (3) Bolanced Beam 7 wrAtcaded erwnehure ope “iy any Theye are choo Hypa of Sbruthat cvnilble ft attyadteef osmekore “type rehoy which one 0 “Hinged, ctunadine type i) pol ssiced moving fron ‘type The two types of attioutel cométute type relays ose| Sho , | tn ‘odhoo & 0 £0 oly tt N 3} E F | | ref wostn cal Ly A © | et : 4 by Aradted — armature type, there exists a lamnincheo! chediomagmet which — cateieg a wil “The coil is Kreagigedl by the operating quantity uhh fe properbond to the cir voltege dt Gesent- The eomakine oY a Ymoving ivon is Subjeded do the mognele Mee Produced by the opetuiting quantity. “The dine prochuecf TS prepettions! to ‘the syne of casorert hence “these relays can be uot for ae as uell as che. “The spring as ued te produce redleaining free. When dhe Gasient “Veo uth Wil treventes, beyond the hinit Under fault nchitiont, — otmatiaye geh — chracheot . Due do this tt makes Contt with contady of a» ip Céruut, whieh rebut fn an opening of a Grusst breaker The minimum Guvtert of shiek a ctveclal ty close the “tip. Gras te called prkup Gusiert 2 atmature get Senvully the numher Oa “tappings ce provi ole? on the ely coil usith cohich the tome com be Seleded as por the requirement This 1S ubeol te ccljut | the set value of an opsrsling quently of hick relay thowll — oparate Am fenpettint aclvantage of Such reyes the high menting Low operating Speedl. dn moclean g ae rebys an op exating hme ab ds Small af 0-Smseee 1S ss | ut | possible - The Gssent - tme ot \ aor chasoclenistes of Such wt \ : lee yeloys is ype bolic ak Shon oo 800 toe Come in &4 Giant: | atime of ankekt bedMSole Solenoid cmd phanger ‘Wype Relay Shows the Scherrahe orstan gement A Solenoid Phirgey type Yeloy which usetks ce ohthowaeretc oie Cle ckrowespret Fig ont on “the prinuple Memes, Be— opring St consiets da doknoiet drrrahich ts nating bed = an okedkro rognet dt also Congitk o} a movi\ "g lron Plunge Uneler — netned eeatbes Gonclitvons , He Spr holds the plnyer fr the Conrat make a Peston Such thet pt Contad — With trip Grusit — Conteals Under fault tondlrtions when the Goweat orough rela wil freveates, cthe Solencicl oftaur the Plenges uproot. Due te this f+ eke contad with the ‘hip Urcuit cnfads, biel, Yel fo an apening a cB: a_i” Operudry Prtmuple of Ekdromemste ttioction Pebays 2~ force produced due te opestting gpucontetiy which fe exesited on cannntette: pe OVO Yon ot placger is prropertrona! fo the Suen” Sp Gln jin “TM Or gS “Thus neglecting the Caltvakon ctfet, the ferce prepattonal do the opercthing Custent — frerce Such relays The clecbromasnahic Sapuone ¢ the one ubefud fr we ard che hoth fy ale spustion c= ds she Spnctin , “he ehethowagnekc Feue 16 Conslert phen “this Gace exceeds the vastratoing Gace, the relay operas row, fe = ho phere cleromagneke bree k > Conitant TL —> eperting ussrent in a wil ard Fo by phe Fy — Lesliining Fire due Te Sprig irelrclig frchion b> ConStaaton the verge of gee, operating, ckiboragncke pote is Juth equal to the dethaining ce: kot = by ee f= ie > G@nstant k, Thes fs the Coment of whieh rey operates fo Case ¢ che operation Frac opexetion 5— Gn are elecbiomey nebe vebyc, the ckdbomageke fre + prop Horal oe Aquacte ¢ the cuserert bit PH te not Contant ff & given by . . 5 b> bi*s $A4,- Leo, cos Qust there Dre Moxirnum value of te 9 Casopent be Conslant dt Ahowt the! the oe Prue Conessh 7 dwo Components0) Corafent Inddeperdent of Hime CD Plating at oleble the frepuensy of apphedl volege- The feel free hes pulder of buble tle frpueny, v J the retharning free Fy eshich Prodwed by the Spring is Condland then the ormestite % Teles wit be preked up ot Hime t, ard chops SE of ined! asd abe ta. bolo — iT > co. Pot- Fe £ cuntent wares Tha ceorabne sehy pabiss ad dose dreamy ha cae the vely to hum ond produce a rote. ft may couse clmage to the ae) contack « To aercome “Hes chtfratty, the ary Rp Hax producing on clechamesmete fete as clivieled! filo ctwoo Faxes diy, Symuttancouly pap ch lering fn time phase Ts tug Tetulting Shem neke—— ewe to be ahhcoys post five ae this [s alongs Greater ‘thon teifrainieg force Fy, then atimabisve sill not yibrde the phate log bekixen “the tose Comnypone lt 4 flex con be ceuily Proclured fag shacking fo a relay. tte flux “through the Shedd pole. lags behind “the Flux “Tyosgh the Unshadal pat Ahoy of Eldon, Reig > Con be wed fr both Oe ond die ss They have aot operation ancl fast reset SS thee ate almost frslanlaneous - Though fritan tine tthe epencing ime —Vodties voith Guuwent Lith otra astnan gemesls Uke doshpst , copper ning ke: slow cperctin ancl yesetting “hmes Con be obtarnec! > High cpertting Speed with wperating time in dew williserorch allo Can be achieved > The pickup con be ax high an 90-95% hy ole 0 peradion —> Medern Fela axe Compact, Single , Tebable aref whut| Rhocl vorcboget ye Clahomogreke Relays )- > The — clirectione! Fahne is absent: > Rue te fost cpetion he wothing Gn be ofected by the “transients Ak shansienls cartain obe a& wel of porting Comporenty Uncle Hench, pote volue tes than set vole, the relay can opsiacking olsiing tyongients Applications a Clectromagpeti. Peloas:- = Prdedion of Vettions arc arel de Sqrip ments 3 the arenf under Gvttent and over/uncler volege, Protection gd vores ac Orel abe eyuipments sgn the obvile Dime by coxx curert arch earth Poult protection, adorg votth keRaite Time low oven Cuserent yey — Fel the alitfexcn mal profection 3 Used a4 auvillosy yelnys fo the Conta Syifeme fl pote kve. selosing schemes,(SBolonad Bam type Rye Belos Byure shour the bavic cooian gereri of bolenceal beam type Tebow de Gongeh of an en a pager’ armative faidered 1o a belone beam Uncle néimel opercling conalitions, fhe Cement thrveh the real wil 5 Auch ‘thet the beom fs hell fo the hSipoctal Postion by “the Sprig. frou, when a fark ccasy, the werent through “the reloy oil heromes recor Stan the pick-up value and tthe beam ic Stra ted to close, tthe. Asip Grau. This faua he Opening of the Civaut freakey to ‘slate “the Rctty Gruitdapdiches. Relays: “SleAvomagnetic Troludton relays operate on Fe Prindple 4 indludhion rotor and oe wildy orel fr prilestng relying pape inaling ax pustbbis cre not ted fet he puaritier OND to the eprinuple of operation An Trelection Roby ekentally — consict hg piel afuminium dis placed fr “use obfeneting mopnhe Goll, 4 the Lame frepueny | bub claplaced io Re and Spaces The ttgue 4 produced tm the duc by the (al@acken of ome 4 Re wegnele Fiekle with the cuss induced tr “he chte by the cherTo detled “Re producton of ttgue in an Seduchon relay, refer tu the chmecang ten yemer Shea i fe cis the too oe fluxes f, od 4 ote fesing fo phate by an argle WY inofae emf's ‘othe re and cour “the Grudefion of edly cote’ ant Teapciely Thee user lay bebird Reir Tepestive — ePluves by 40 Referring te Ry) where the tuo ae flees and —irbied ecwnrerls ote Shown Spiel fer lent let p Ss Smear Sort $y obra Site) 4. 3 iastanfaneout valu q- Plares arct dg leach 4, by on onyle vo suming thd the patty in which the mifoy torten) dow — have ney gible self - induince , tthe Seto will be in phefe with they votteges. 1. a df dt cusses. tw) The ares rthe (Praer angie a mei ‘ ee AL Ch meySnud) at Clima | < Pinay Aut | ta.ee’ Ad, peeks a Ce Alow, Fie di and fa X45 Byan shows thd the 9 bees atte: In oppeaihion 1. het dice of That tnilent is con gialered 0% Fx Af a 4h, ~ bla € hppa (4D Ye pul ~ Hmaf ed Brag o Ymey Somer [Sin(whes) connd— sinatean (sd +4] x Ch nay Gamay Sine xb 4Sinw where 4.6: ate the rms values of the flores tthe Flowing fois may be nofed from Bei ca) The — greder the Pheter angle! heltcen “ReFuca, “the greater is the net poce apphed te tthe hue abriowly 1 the maximum force oil be Produced wahen the “tum fluxes ose 90 od of phate. ® the ned dice i he Same cd eveny inifeel: This fod dees not depend pea ‘the aMumptions rode fo sari of xpi) 1 The — cbivechon ef nel fitce ond hene the olireckon + wetion of. the ahs. eperats upon which Flux 's hocking The Folleing thes types of Struckue, ase Commonly wed fr taining tthe phate cLfferne 'n the Phaxes onc! hene he eperaling toque in fecluchon relays) Ny Shacled — pole Shuckwve WW Hott hous; - medley off oleuble ‘indeg Hite OS drluzton Cup Structine 0) Shaded —Pole Slfuckine 2— The real axstargement Bi Abraleol —onle Biche ts thew fr Pipe Ut Gosh oo pivshd clam, thc ee ae the rap doy clechomagnemw | | 4. eS Jo adualing we Sy . ; wt FL, apathy Jooee ui One hilt a cach ple gf The magnet fg Suomrouralel the abtemoting by copper bard tnaen as Heeling ving flug ¢g in the shuled patton of the poles will, o8ing Jag the reothon of the csotent incluced! inthe ting, lay behind te Flix dy tn the Uncheded pation op an angle W)thae ‘two are 6 a5A- thot votth above ewsorert sling , the dalog will aca lly than opercte Pro toby torl cursient equal roter 6-854 she — Cwerent phy Gellings, tral by Henge Pom t0/. to Seo]. fn Shp gf asd det overcwwerent relays and Woh qe Hoh fn Steps gf Wh fy och Rakoge telhys the desSrel cassiert setting ts abtained by frsciltng a plsg hefscen he faur of a bridle Hpe Sacked ct the Tap Value regauivecl. Gib phy Stag Matiplen cps), H ts the rebto of fault casorent fr rely cof] te the pick-up Gustrent te, Fault aestent fn relay carl SM = Pick -up seent= Fault Covent fn rely cil oe ee ee ated Aeionchy Gartent oTx current setting Fa example , Suppose thd a relay i connecke! “ 4 hoofs TranPrimen and set ok igo Mith @ primotiy fale comet of Sit, he phy tag map or be colulaled as Prk vp value = Pattee Secondhsy Cased ger seatey x Goorent = ONG = FGA “Fault Cavsrert fn rely cor =a4ooxS_ = If 400 fe ps = aofe-5 24 vy) “me - Shing Muthiplien — a” Alay és grey provided with tortie! “to adja the “time of spotakon “This adljufnect 7s brown an ime setting maltipliey The time Selling ohial 4 colthrated fom ool (n steps f 0-05 ke- These dyaues aye multtpkeu fo le uted te comet ‘the time olenvealFron: Hive 'fpsty. Cadle’ Bite Whe sift peasy time. thu ft the Time Satting ( O-1 anol the Time Obtainect fiom -the time | psy cave cusive fg aseonok, then ohually relay operating time = 30+] = 0-3 Seuoncds- Cobudition of Belay opereclig ne do tte, to calutete “the actual relay opsatig ‘hime, the Aillaaing things mut be known: Cs) Tmelp s-rt Cune, Cb) Quwrent sng ©) Ne séttig CG) Fault curent ©) Casyent Tranefimen Banfi Procectute be cabudettog the hy plot opsating dime £) Conved Full Sustent Tato a tor! Gover by ting o-T refie ) Sxpren reby cece ox a multple Gswent selting Te, Colulafe fhe pom 8) Fram the Time [ps cove af the rey rod He -time of penction fot he caleba psn. yy Deleimive the adksal tne opto by much = 5 tte abwe time of the rely by Hime ~sehing muttipliey fa use.Franckonel Beday Types Most } the relays fn Operate on the prtnaple, of eledxonagmeti cHracton ektboweyneke trhudion, Fat efempe 1 # roby wohich Keaqnie wettoded fr a Guat Gea anted yroke ‘than thet wahich can be -olersted!) are) Mrittctes cormedtie rneatunes Would be Teme! aban ovreunent velay (tepedtive of the relay bein Similarly an ovtnvoltove relay fs one which eagnyses Ovenvo Hoyer fa a Craut arc frrffates the corteive measures Althouy ere ake Seenal types $ Special Ainihion. vrolays Only the éaletng Impertint per of relays whl be hi cuseof 8 Andutton type onvesved rly senvice on powey Site tooley oY Wi drchabron, type revenue pouet 4 lags Gi) Distince elas (%) — Didberential relays ” Tranalag Schence,Dibdeveatial Relay Mot of te rhs ticuted shy rebel ov ie i thes opesalon, Such relays ve because they Cannot make Coord cubrction baficen heavy lac! conditions avcl minth out cordihons - Jn dtoley to ovetcane this chi faulty, obit ferential Helays axe ured. Hh beyential relay 4 one taf opesictes cohen. the vedtey ob forene of two or mere ehthical quant bes exceech a pre- delerminect value Thus a Casrect obtfererlial eby openites sober te phew — obbeniace on the seault of Compasciston betxca, the phase angle anal magnihdes the csetertls enteulng anel faving the System to be profectesl- Orchen ntimal Conekifions, He “hoo cuswrenh ane eyes phate and magnitle hence relay fs freperative. Bid uncler -faul's Coralitions, this conditons, this Conchition 70 longer exch. The relay i comedtee! fa Sucks Avene that HE obffnence between Curcrent enlefng ancl Cavvrent leaving Flows through she operating a. gt this difference Cusaent Sxceeds a presef cojl-Velue ten othe tela operat arol opens the Circuit presk en. Almost ang type relay when Comedted In 9 Codtatn can be mock to opoute olfferental Helay. Typ of Differential Relayos- The voowous typ of differetad neleys os 0) Gawrent —obitHetentd ely: @) Peued beam relay percentage. clibferertial rey. @) Volare bolance ottfaentnl relay MCurrenf Didfererbee) Peles ooh Most of Be citfoventad relays ome + . cocking oli fferentinl tYPe ga 7 sa a ete pO aa, “ty — wooo. mosaZ | | oo DiFerentul Reby v | the two Sevordisty Gussie ds Throwsh cTk ane not qua| : Consider an ove ounfenct welny tomeded om the urast Se ad te opeuife ao He cumrent obtforentiol relay - his fs shown fn Figune GFwo cured Treusdotnied ose waech having Sarde sito ane, toned on He ether Sele of the Gechion fo be prdeded The Seandovis caer Hantbemed od usr ere so they way Poh th ‘fe Same dlirestion fet twtied & 4 Hlowtng tthrovgh ‘the primey of Casarent rcnabrmens Foronich the exteunal Fault. oe he csuod tovsAimes be ichketical, Me Serondamies of ted ara frmere voll sy eyual Comedtion of rely) 70 cused vill ane — Conneded fr Suticn, cusoech. Due to the flow Hroughs the operiting worl fa the sreloy Herne rely safll yematn, tropwiltve - $0 Helay — conndt opel: there fs an Cileunal fault Constdlet now ‘teat on frférna) faust cca af port at choun tn bebo Fyenre. rhe tusmert flows Hgh “He foutt fiom bet sefa. she two Se-ondosy Guscreds “Hrowgh cTk ome net eval| Th. cused Hovofng +throvgh the Yelay tof] f% Now | TyxSy- this high tastient —caurer relay to openite ot iagatcleh witadiny do be probe te of ot OTH TTAN e 4 a - nH v 4d ai Srtinned | da ult | | [pe | 2) ub aD i dal q e ——-- -+— Drei Palau dt Ghoul be noted that He lt Coed need flow wo the Putt from beth Siefes + not ohmys one Side only dt een some cusoyent lowing flow 7 od of one gle while o laye Gawied entering He they Grek can Cawe olf feuential relay do operate Thus He amouct of Gusorent Hovsieg throwgh & relay cot d 4 fe bes yo ape ter Behn oe 5, wity we > Brated) Beane Relay ce Peceitage Differential elaye- The binted bean, why fs Bigned 4s Hetperal to the tbretal Gaserd ty fume 4th factors tdchon +o the Gower! Housing Uhroweh he profecked sedion the belac Fray shou “he Schenthe aitangemed Fon biated beam Holy. te sin be pr Je be Pr rrr tr —— fF» -—- te Biased atone, jt oe aedal, an Oren Gorend balanced fog delay type with an addtional Nifraincg ceil. The Pitradning wil produces a bias ce Fn “the oppsile divilion ty the opexalng Pace Unley nétmal ane! Through load — Conebrhonn, tthe bax dice due th Tehrani wil & grote THthan the operating dee. “Therefe the relay Yemasagut ‘Atovab wie etd a" hom | = eee oT er | _. || 7 Sheff | | 5 ‘F, Ay Simple rd 0 ; = | te cbt & hinted yess! f | bean Leloy ays fakes / He pap btewelind Peleg” P paotisg coil fnopenative When an fitemal fault ocuurry che operating fotee exceeds “the bier Face: tonteguertly 1 The “hep Gilad: ase closed = gen the Civusit byeaken. The bias fence can be adjuskil by vestying “the number fun, on “the mebainicg Gl. he eguivalend Crust} of a bisteal beam relay fs Shown tw by The ob flesreritind Coser tr the pouting coil is pmpathons +0 52-1, and “the Cprivaled Cowerd fr the thaining Ctl is prpottional to (i+%)/2 Sine the opening Gol fs conneded dy the nied -po'a q fe VEhainvg coil Gt fs hay “the grater he Gastierd Pocing “Prinegh the Aethining coil) the higher The Value of Carre Yeguired in the peratlg void to trip the relay thus, Undex heavy load, 4 dJrester obiffererctal Cased! ‘Hercoph the relay apes” | wil repaid fa cporation than Undloy light load Grdiions. this relag i called poreenfage relay because “the Spensling Goved Heyurres Trip can be exprened ma percentage of loud Custer Voltage Balace Ditlsenial Pelee Below Sigure Shows the a5san gered | of vo Howe balance Proledkon Arowates troy f° ts petit feof os vo Frege bolence ad oneal Rei Jn this Scheme of prifeckon , too Similoy Cussyertt rans Rimes ote Conneded at eithey @ndf af the ehmed to fhe poked (ey an alfemaly nsirohtag) by means of pilot asfren The Seconchawieg of wurtent Bavaftrners aye connected fo Seung wrth a rehy fa Suh « tony tht uncler nolmal Conelidions,their trdveed emP_ ove fh oppesihon. Undot heathy Corcitons Cyual aussierch Cf, =12) flow tm both Primoty toting Therefve the Seordehy Voltaye of he hoy ~howfimes atte balunect agent Coch other and no ewuied will Plow Hrrough tHe Telay operating totl Inher a cfautt occas fh the Prleded gone, the Gissiemh fn “the tuo porimostics wrt! olidfer Bom ore onothey Cie, J #42) anel thei Serondany Vologes will no longer be fn balance. This voHoye dlddorence will came ao cuted fo flog “trough the opstctiny Coil tthe relay hich closes the trip Gyeaif- “Dad ventas r The Volto balance Sqifem Suffers from ‘the Allowing hravo backs ist Toh -4ap chamdetmer Covsly uckon fs Yequiree! to achieve the accurafe balance beeen Cuwureat “Tau fomey patrs Gi) he System is suitable fa prilechon ef cables of= Yelatvely short lenuthe alue +o the Capauitonce ‘i , pilet wives. Ok Ly Cables, the cha ging caren may be suffuent ch opate the even fo d P PeyPod balance of Cuatierd Hravd formeny is attained she abo. btad vartages hove been over tong Pa Tramilay Cmock hed) palanced volhge SytemUnive iy o Mad Jol ue Saucon : M e lst ¢ “th protection elogs tonics of Some astrang emer 1k Aedeoron nels with asmatwie — # froluchon clite, ahi caro coslads The relays ako casry — fhe. closing cH gpeni 4 confack conbo! akerices Ike “Wip cotle of Civeuit breaker. The elechaomagne have cured, volloge 4 both the apes of wrnalings Gusarefl ‘though wtncbings Produce wagnche Phaxcs and Teyse % dewlopest by The frlbaskon behscen dhe flues f Same naiaigs SH behicen The fluver of beth the enn t lWinckinge Jn Jerctal the Fripve produced by Gaorent botncling fs propettions th Sucre 4 the Guorect the tig ue proclucect by veloge, Oindling “6 proportion te Spore af he voltove, and the ‘Itgve produced! by bok the winclig & propathond prakd § 5 arc! the Gute” Maftiemsteally we con wrile, n Idiyue procluced by Gener coil =k. The Proctuceel ty voter, els hve‘Tat que produied by both che coils = kui wo-1 thote fy ky and by = Constind 9 = Awol bofveen Vv tinct‘ Ge Marimum Hgue agle ‘Taqve preducecl by Control Spring = hy “the — Gano! Springs aye used ab tettiai nieg clemerils - df all Re clememls are praed fn 4 reloy sthen ctetal chaque produce by all He Came cn be Cxpretied by a general eyathon os Te bdr bgv rks YS Gonl0-7) + be This eyueston tS calles! Univeral roby tyue cyber Re term Fy con be a Sifraining sty we clue to prings tH rouly amy ning — osihve, Ane neg ah ve. Signs co % Certain Constants and les other Constanh to be geno ond Sometimes hy aching Similey other Terma, “the oponcking chanaclenisbes epochon + all the types an be Oobkined from aniveigal f profedive reloysey nakon 2) Fer exam, f oer asoeat rehy ky = ks =0 andl tthe Spring trque fs negative So ne gt [T= bt™ by fr He Aeckonal rehy b= byr0 and the Spring thaue aS repative SB we gt Drihace Rebyss- dn ‘the relays lit Guedt opti] neo, ‘fhe opcraleon of. the eh is ok penchot on the rmognituale ¢ the costed & volege of the Grau} do be probed: Jn Aikence relays the operation olepenclesd on the yal‘o 4 the voltese ancl aunent which 14 expyenerf fatesint of an fempecfonce: the fmpeclance is nothing bel an clecrical meuuye of obiliine bony a Trantmnisgvar Ihre The velo opesles then the recho vit j-e, frnpeelanee is len ten a — predeldimines value athe rahio vip‘offec, — o ore she an “thse relays, the seg V! ond 'r! thee ote eal a . whieh ane vee types of obataace relays " Inpecone Relay tohich sb 1's basecl on mecuremed of fa a " ao fey which ‘Ss a readunce x! 5 Adhindtoace Palay gt Mho veloy whieh is bate! on meakutemendt of Gompened 4 aclmittonce'y' Sn shot, clivkence relay fs one whose Per formance ts benef on the measurement af impedance, yeodance ef adlmittance 4 Kine belaxe a. the location, G relay and the print whore fault occurs: G Jrmpeclance Belay o- The Fmpeciance wey woth Comeyporsling do the rahe of voltowe ‘Vv ane the = Guwiedd T” the Crranit fo be proteded Bere one dao elewech fn this Velo, he one procluces a fee propsthional the Goer lohile the other produces 0 tigue prepattional(1) Noltoge. the Wgue Produced by the dwovend clemedt fs balencec! against tthgue produced by the voltaye lemerd has the word elemend preclu ces oporeing 9 hue, prekup -HMyue which can be Safed oh be Positive Tigue- “the volloge clement prectues Aestwining Hye, Yuet Mgue which can be Said fo be ney ative Wyse. 40 this reloy 8 vole AaThained Overture relay Below Figure Shows +e bane oporhing priouiphe df an fmpeclaare relay. . a F 5 = ce -fi 5 = f+ fies f: 1 we Le | hi | | oT | peslovce ie | ps The Coed elemed is energized by Covent Through cT hile voltoge edemet is Energized by voltoge “throwh pT The Seiten as othe line is preted zone,rete nein Cndihions y the récho of wllege ve cinel cwent jy? + AB olenthed ot z, which as be pecla ace of tne tf relay 48 fhyperaticc Uncle His Conch’ iow Mhen the dat octuns af poi €' tn the proletedl gone ‘then ihe voltoye cbrops while Curyead Fnuteaten. “Thus tthe. I Tho vis ie the Impcalanee Tealuces charbeally fs the fimpeclanee hne béheen “ihe pot ot hich relay is Connected Grel the poind fof which foul occunk- So when He fimpecknce teeluces ‘than *. THs precl clemuined Value z,, 4 trips ane makes the this Grau} breaker open. Titque Eq vations. the Prsitive etque produced by the Csoient element (6 prowottiond t £7 while che neyathve degue | prostuced by the voltage elemed as Propattions fo v% tt — Contuo) Spring effect precduces a Comet! dengue of Hs.Fence the Wyus pusher boone en) Ts hes Vb, — thee tk, axe the conifai, while Varco t’ ome Tms values AT the balance Pring, when the relay 1S on He vege f protingy the ned detque 8 ZH hen we con wort, O= ka kv ks fav*= kph ky Divioking both siokes by bys @ A bs Ee ipa 2° Jaye = /a-)h b&b be bs” 15 = —2) Generally the Sprtag effet ts raged as its det 1s dominant ad low Gutei which generally do not y gt ctu in prackee se with b=e 2A | eee eat a ooOpenstins hunatteriste ¢- Ae sean trom the eyuaknier, can be Hehd thd the Impeclarce ely uw on the wre Y operating af @ fen — contfont rhlue the ratio of VIE which com be exprened as on Smpedaate. Fa patie fault Potipion, the tatio vire, Forpedome 13 Canthaat dH Changes it the Fault pob OX chenpet JP fault 4 reanew co lay, tht Take wl be fon nel an fault PeSiton moves anny doom the veh The recho bevemes hisher arch highen. Boi can be fridalled to penile fx the ‘ihlon be prokected ancl once (nifallecd anel ocbjiutedd fu pertutesy secton , id- ot Freptatie leyend Rt tron Opriatng cLasockivirks ane Shovon fa foone. f Atte ebfet J Spitg ! As cleminatng for te bones Valu, of Cosrert- Lt3s) Bat Be all practeal Porpeces, “the ete! line, soheh » “eee, contort value of 2! may be Concha! a4 on operating chanachenigtes Precleterminesd set — ¢ 2 Is gen hy 22 == __* ‘lope & cloracanites The relay fll prebup Fang combincken of V' one!’ Aepresertecs by ony paint oboe fe Ine fa the +H Pque Teyion de chet witch fr aay value f ! bu ‘Han the mitt value sepnereite! by He the ,the yeloy will opsate By odfustnerts the Slope f the clatwdfericter Con be chayed So that the ely wall reyporef de all the value ¢ imp eolance lex “fhan any clesjreal upper Menit Operating cRerachenteles a p-« Dingrane t- The — opeatng clasadfenvha ef an Tmpeclonce aelony Gan be, mois exnily sepsetertec! by a be gram colle! fex obagram. The chiog ram is chown tro phne Called! —£-* plane. ”y, myThe Fmpedance ‘z can be exprenedd as z= £xJx |z\ = Pax 2 = Pas] —-@ Ly O Mepwrexem Arde where “b ancl We! are weithcal and —hdvizortel Covolinate ancl megniticle op tnpelence Iz\ is the Tochiw a Cirle the cenbie of +this circle. A 25 hare “2 and &! Axe Malerter! each other tee) Figin: from <4"O stand “5 he numeniel veluer eb suckin “Vi cinel “E’ Givel feng of yackin vector =! Phate oaple ¥ between ~v' and 3 re te wad Pattkon op the vector “! JET! th phase HV hen 2 ber along p-oxs aa— Je whys vedoy “Vo then ‘vl os ncgahve white ref "i T beoch —veitot ‘V’ then I la pve Te cporthon of vey & tedepenkd of Pete onde fond hence opsctny chewwochsutha és & Cirle sit Toki eynal to rognitvcle of iz whteb * precleforminest sel vale oat ang value ¢) Z len “than the rach of Urele, the relay operates Heme the entine person fnside the Urele @ te Hiyue yen Fe Operating Jegvin of the Yeby while the prition extouoy Ado the drcle +8 ave Tegue vr ion fey non operative repI0n, the on éhowon fn Ay: me 7 3° Sop i iy “es aa foul poi 2> SE value € dnp. < = Packing of circ, * Then Ay pez > Faby operas Bee a 72 > feby is inopothue vSuh 9 rely “% honclvertional ancl can operate Ar Fault on ether Sicha ¢ a prict wheve vehy + Prifaltect Pi Saelvartegeg ¢ plein dinpeclovare Relay: > de honclvectonal anol can opexcte Ay Fault on both — Sictey 4 oo poiat cohene: Helay 4% Conneiled/- Hente (Fr furl de valgcriminadle (efiea. ital ancl exten faults > When fault SCout, an ake exist. The are renflance 4 hne dou obec the peittmane of is reby. > pha lange area is Cored by He circle on each bele on gx plans, the Power Lotms allo can fed the porfomane of bn relay, The ron chirechoral ekmecd Can be mecle clivectional by aclelng & MrecLiont elemend ey the plain impectance lay.| (34) “Diredtionad dnpectce Peley. |The chreationed Clemed ton, 1 7 Moe § Sanu Sente “the diveckon ef a 8 ceri eens Poot oH cowed My Sosc~ 1 B¥ion Anal Telay Con gy a ap only it Re clvection of- opecleny Power Pow i t one ee Portela olirethon with retped hy “the poid whesre relay 1% (astallecs The chtadeiches ofa chvectoal ckmed i a Actlecd stroke fine patty throurk shinin. shown fncfy. The datled Fue Frektacles -the line of maximum ‘torque While “Re clottect prilon Shoun ahoe the hine Cmclrccchs the operating rerion of “the clrectonal chest New Such o pore alieconaf element a8 aclded do ‘the fmpeclance rehy, we yeh Re Sedultd chanocenriies biel is 0 tom binecteon 4 teykl Aine and a tirele q- Yechiys Jal: “Hus He verttat — chasiaihe ~sivhes is Shown fo below Fe)cheredoutbu bg he The Peby eps At the poth wohich atte within the Cirle ancl above te cbveckimal chasectonicher - The opersching Segion A jut a Zemicirde - The Shacled Poition Shown io Ayla) La tHe Tyne region /-6 te operating Hegion of ‘the Yeloy. Mock Ped cloracleutehes = By Supplying achlitional volye fr the volte cofls of an (rmpectance rely, He tigue °% te relay can be mocked The gdlifronal voltege Avypphe dk proposal fo the hne curtent anol collect The moch free doRgue y" ix cwtterdd _bfahk -Te AT= & (v4 3)~ where th T) = Whlaye dappled dy volhye cai Due do this askbrona/ cunend brat, the Cire Suprestile Fnpedame characterishy on P-x obvogram shits The sachin of cine remaist Same ar vif bud ts cere geh fel brom Sign ob shown in Ayls) By woittrelling awed bras the sbift of the inte can be crcl of ak por the reguiremerdGay 4) Reactane “Helou? coclai Hele: dn this relay the: opening Tague‘ dtained by Cased hile the steitraining “legue due doo cunend - clemeid deokps vo Hoge Aivectiona! Tay “the coves cwsote ct ‘the positive qv and olvedtonad nit poeluee negative dye Tthas the ackunce velay 48 an oven canrieced oly olivedonal nestraint with the tional element is 40 the clive dhigue angle is 90: designed thd the maximum Combruihow $~ sthe Strudixe used fo the — readlance ely con be af frclutbon OH ype: dt 8 a dar pole srucbre gt hos opereling wll, polarising tatl qd a restraining cil “he Sche make ostiongemerd aq wfls da the Headance shown in below by: Jeleg fe sthe custrent T Plows rom poles, Hrowsh hacking ty low pole 3 The wthdng fron cleptt ee 7 | 1 ellis — te possicing ta 4 = fn 2 YO rt | a | 3] Ay: Sdenah ened L on pole fs ad from voltage V! The pening sthyue fs produced by faterackon ¢ lures clue + the wind fags casey fag cuserernt copls. ie, Piterackon cf fluxes Produced by ple Wa ond 3 White the reifranng dAque fs ckeveloped alue 49 fnfznackon 8} fluxes due 4o He poles 3 onda: Hence He op train ctiyue + —PYopertional to the Spuatte the cwerent (5°) whtk the 2eilratniny Toque fs prepirtionel go the produ of Vand 2" (vE)- The dlesircol mmaximan ta ve angle is obtained with the helpfo Crab, shou tm dy. ‘T8que Cqua fon 2- The driving Tague fs propdlionsd to the Span 4 the Goer? hile the x rating dttyue 48 ‘Propattions! to othe Precud of ‘Vi ga tene he nd teqae. neg lading the chfed + Sprieg ts ger by . Te byt kgvt os (o- 7) a> the balane paint nd TRgue fs goto oF bat kavd lo-T) 1. kgh= kgvd (9-7) 1 By = ka coylo-T) & J, by = ky ts (o-7) Haag Capactor the feique onde 4s adljuilec! ob W. by = kg& Co (0-40) fy ky Z Sin wig Ai Sind = — a baConticler aw fmpectance ‘Waingle Shown fa Sypcho ZSino= X= Leactance 1 Zo = £ = Perisfance, Kg \% yo ro BK [x> 4 > Coniteret ke ‘thus the ely openatis on Re Heaclance only the Contant ‘x) meank a straiykd line posallel 0 ¥-ax's on £-x obog rane far the operition of the seboy, the reactance — 4€en by the reley should be Smalley than the Heactance ft which the yeley 4s clesigned, Operating shinactenltis c- a feqee _ve deni Fepron characdorietes ee e th 7 Reet aff Zshoe x= Ey ‘vegan 9 Fa — — i =A The operaihtng choracoricte of Such vehy isa ShriLive Porallel h cthe wrans fe Q-aris anf on Ben cbayram Al the fmpedance week tips \yleg on “the shavald line sgretetting Covitlend the seuitinee Component the Fmpedane the qeuten F Be why ak component f the Fmpedance AGpsrols only to he Acacfone the charadftrichie x thon fv alow fy the why perch Me below wottl epercte fet all che Sopedance’ whose r. oa chosattenistia , ae below of abore the Q-oxis Ditbaclvenksges fe thts relay con be Sen From che chowduits fo non direckional: veloy- shes wtf not be abk dhertminate line vohether “the “futt has when eel “tra nam fssron daten phe fp the selon tohene Telog os lated H fe fe not fas taken place fm the adjotnts Secon pessthe te we & clinectional Tehy of the “ype sel with basic lance veloy became fn thal case the why will opexate even Uncley nétinal loacl Conditions ftte ts oparaling at & nest unity pb CardktHons- 0s have “thein Neactance hor nv effect on Frey Systemq the tea dlance welay wtth dtrecBona| feature fs called whe veley HH admtthave relays Mho Raley ot teh fhonce Felge- Sb the Mnpestane Peloy “ depetale Mani (6 Teyniread to make 7 oftrezional while ‘the Same unit Canrof be uel hb male a Neafane why with Arehore extne the who by 1 wucle Gohenertly cbimctioral by delbing a roa: ceca Olled prleigincy nly: This roby writs oo the meatnemed of aalmittance yle. This Yelay isa eed angle Irnprcbnrne teby Contraction 2— Thes ako nm Sroluch: veky ko uses an /ndlucdion cup ‘type st H alte har an eprating Gil Polerigiog Co’! and setraining ail: The Schematic atangement ¥ all Yew t Shoon fn “he oy of) ; dn This Tela the 4gue is obtiuthes by Vand TF clemed while tHe reittaty fea fe ob tavned by a veHewe chet “Thus en apaTeley fs a voltage | Ailatned cbietional relay MY—$—_ jj — palaxi = wi Senids Tuning viii sl . “the Flues due the —tatadings cassie by fhe poles Wa ands. bile the dettrainieg Herque is prooluced hy “the frerastion of the Planes alue to woinalings costed hy the ple W3 fe thay the training HPyve fs popertoral do the 2 4 the veHoge (>) whi the sparing Pye, pet do Re proc of voltone f Goren (a) "5 adjusted! Uatog Sonics Paning arodt: fs “The fague oyeVague Eq akon = opeuthing mayer ee while Petting daque ve seme net cyie 1 gnen hy Te byl oa(o-D a ds Spring effect corteo) Pig Genel tril spring offed neg leche Ck, rel fo balance aot tye 1s ale gato oe kv i ws Co-T) ~Kav™ Fyvi (o- = Fas 1, k,t& Co-T) eke S J. By es (0-7) = kX Zs bt wien Ae his ts Re epuchen dq Urde Revving chiametey kiko Ponting “through dugin- Atel rts contlant filley tthe ohmic Sehting of sfhis meby, Dpewitng cRosadleniches 2 ZS owen from the tag ue cy", Te Karacken es ep fis velay Sa ehele Posing Phrovgh yh71 (a) with — oldemalor kalba tet i \ iamit . ae aziltry of TAO » Chinmelor » hy mie SULIY { Fa “the a opoals when ‘he frnpratance Se" hy the veluy als | » woifhin “We civdes Cotrde PN doo bine a0 ard ae aeuswart\ wer voith wabo wag locked ji K wel ee 4 , LK Yo \" od the prod 4 , A P ¥ , ‘jhe reby wil hs +b operate, dor Ke faults | wceuning f tthe sechon c | Ae oy ard vol fr Fe ck tn the archon AC vis Shows ead thas aeleli' oval telay Cs taherently divetkone! voifhesd onypelivestor) OCU A uart repaired athe ongle tt! can be ashi uiled Ho be 45% 60, AS, Rel go en This angle fy maxirnum debe ange “The gAlieg of 45 | tor hoyh voltege Caaat wey) “lieteinulion Rathy ThE ailing af be is wed fa 6 a ysaley lined while He Sthtog ¢ is & ded fl BAS and 4ookv linea -