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    Anusha Enigalla
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    20 views73 pages

    Unit 1 PSP

    Uploaded by

    Anusha Enigalla

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 73
    | UIT? 1 “ Chreutt Breaker +- A device capable of mmabag, | breaking an elecbife cineutl unoler nétmal anol Labnéimel Conch tions Auch as hort cme the anche of a Cikeutt braker is to rsedte the Faulty port 4 the Powe Sealero ‘fn cate 4 abniimal coneli tions. Ar protestive relay cekch alndimal Conoltfiont ancl Aenc a Buipping i gfoncl do the cient? Braden. Ally esieving the al, the chraut breaker fsobrtes the cfauly ‘Auto San mip 9d : ‘past of the Power Syilem -% eg coded won'd wane’ Apr ctrutt breaker He Ee has 2 tontech —a Gea! he ofa Coitact ancl a mevfng fa: Seperchion a ‘the vlad, |Contact. Unden nétmal concbchion oF Civauit break es thete two confacts Stemaim tr clotecl position. Under abnoml condlhons do isolte the Raully Pest, the | moving conlad mover try tnlewupt the cirwit. On the Sepercten of the Conlads, the low of seen “a Intooup kel, rexulbing fn the Fgrmahin of are hetreen ase ie fy “ihe conteds | the tortads, 08 Shown Some | Placed Ree ed: chamhes econ ) cohich extinguishes the | {insulating medium Clepusel é gn | ane | Sledne Ate:- The elecdie axe fs % GE Sustefoest —olachosye af eleziesty befivcen eleabvodes fn gu & vopout which hos @ voltsge elrep cathoole of, the Stole 4 minimum foniging tential Ce a" & Vapour at gt minimum exciting p Arve Vettoge ¢- Below Pig use Shows the wave Shape f one voltage - ye wltoqe shot Civeuit Gunert Higa: chat Chrouil Gument onl ome voltege The voltage drop acsors the oxc fs Called ane Voltoge.. ots the axe Path ‘s porely yeristve, the ore voltage phate with the axe Ceeent. The mrognituale of. ane watioge 16 vey few My 0 dw perce of td real value, ay be 3% of rebeof voltage Voltege- Ota ae fs im a) | | A thoctudion.s - The lif fenent civunits of power Syélem | vis tranamission Lines, obitibiten, Jeresting Slalions ee axe Heayuived tv be 0 cel uneley both nétmal band abnéimal — Conchdront- whenever any foult occu Somewhere fn the Syilem, (t mut be ‘mmedliafely elelec! anef oltconnecteal Prom the System. Th is necemaay Stree ft ensurer fess doy de the faulted apparcts ancl the Rule fs not Spreadl frto the Syster Ake qutck Fe covery of fault vesutts fn lew Frterruption ¢ Seavie to the Consumens. Previously the Punction + Susitching on and off of the Povser Sytem elemeats voas accompht hee with the help af switch and Pure which is placea! fy Series with the circuit. Bt fh suffers some Aifbicultie, Such ow replacement of fue takes a | long time. So Supply to the Consumes will he , Sestred after long time. The another, Itenttettion. fg thet fb will not be able to Po Rrsupt sucastully tthe heavy fault cwoserts. Due to these , wal ai | dtscdvaritages the use of Soikch ard fue Unit iS vesbrled Lo the low yollege anal Smal Capacity Ciruuk whee Fresjuent operations axe not | Porfomecdt. klith the —olevelipmert th power System the tronamissron hiner andl Vosiowa eauipmests operae ot very high vottages caroyfng Aatge cworerte The Switch anol Pure avsengementi will fail db Serve [the levine! imation fh igh capacity etteuits. i The use oy CBs can foctlitate the opentng and) closing 4, heavy cherie cirasits smosthly Onc) ef Beiently. “Ye etreit breaker con wake ot break & Civwut either manually a1 autometieslly neler noload All look A shatt civeuib Conclitfons” Thus A ftms | Senpettant element fn ong protective Scheme | ste feirnakion s- Under uly Conebittions heowy cworent |-Houn ‘thragh the conlacs of cB bere ‘they xe opened. AS Adon OK the wrth Short Seperutling ithe of contact Ves which will Pse the Govent lencity a ise emperstise The meotium hehween the an ' al a | Contac of civeit breaker roy he of] ot aut The heat tshich & produced fh the meclium t's | SafB vent enough to fontse a of ofl whieh will jack as tnduder. Thus an ore 4s Shuck belieer the nba. The pol betueen the contac the Citeit fs Savl bb be unfntestupled: eaRERREmIEGES The Crssrent Plowing hefiseen the contack epencls on the orc reaittence: With noreate fn ake yeristance the Cusert Plowing will be Smaller. The ase rerishince alepercl on -hllowing Factors, Cod Depes of fonisakions— Jf there are let namber Ob fonised parities beticcen the conlack then the e onc resistance — Frutecter. | Pength of kei The ane Hesitinee is x Bachow lg Aergth ef are which ia nothing buf Seperation betieen the Cnrlacd. Mete the length, mee is the ore — yexis fance 1c) Cross-Section of anes df the ahea 4H 10s -Sechon Of the ame i lem then ate Heristance iS less y cn om afterall faa 8 Suclden Sphose Sher Figs: Cussrent ard shoving fault ck. CRemin 0 | Generally the ae Cistouit breakers erp ) Bro potat inleouption technig ve. dat ws Contieler an alfeundlor on no lone to vthich a cfrouik breakew 12 connecteol as Shown bgt The circuit preakey 18 fm Open pasition with its other stale Short civewileel . hthen the votege ef phase'B wort neutral rs geste, the civeuit breakey fs closecl | Unde this conol'tion the phate ‘8: cweent will hae maximum ke Componestt and its cussent wovefim will be unegromedica about niftimal ger? ais. This ts shown in Pys A the alleimafoe is on no load the Curent is zero befte t=0. off feo Shot cireuit as applied and cusdent inotecues “E voy beh value Creasly toto Q5 timer Pill loaf cusetent) olesing Rist quorter cycle: The pet f Bak cuoment loop ‘on! fs traximuns frctantoneous + cossrent essing Shét circuit This peak value & collec! “waking Cussent” exprerce os ka peak ia! coll ae | After few cycles civeuit breaker conlach P : ev Seperate whreh ore taken by seloy ane! i 5 opersting mechaniene 2 Pee a tT, conte thet cireatl ot | cB Sepoufe, the ¥m Value thet — fnsten’ of Contact Seperction is Cusorert™ phen He contact Stat Spring ome Arak behisceen them ancl the xe cusorent Voxies SFaugoreltly fy bo yla MG the ore i frbectuphef % the dielecbic Arength of ote Space buills sufbiccently This wll avotd the Conltnuiton of ote Thus the axe will be — extinguithesl- the voltage wavefim Shown fn bys before t=0, te Cortack, oe closed So the voltege, beeen them is Zoo- Ht 9, G@ntach Seperate voltages cross them Slats his voHoye 48 nething bit chop acrox the frexeasing anc. ‘The Oxsient arel the veleye aerots Ye oe oe pee ee ts veistive- Que fo Frorenseal 26 yesistance the voHege across cowtact fy the net ycks Finally af tthe ex Pirgche: {notes ac 4 - A‘ high. frequeny Atans*ent vohoge appears atsass the contac whieh Super Pp seal on power | | (5) Erespuenty voltage hts high Prey ueny voltege, Anes s vitthe the oc Heme rb & calleel "reibvibing voltoye” cb "Premsient Lecowoy voltage’. This is ‘the voltoe which appears actos cirew't breaker coftact which re responsible ds weit hing Fr The power — frepueny Aysm voltage, behven the chrewt breaker Contac offer atc extinction. | calleel Resonery voltoge: The prospective cassrent Shown tn the wavedAn mey be defined as the cusent thet woulf flow fr the cieutt rf efreurt byeakeou were veplacecd by Sol'el Conduetor Vronsient Revovorry Voltoge oc The tronstent Recovery voltage, hor effect on the behavioust 4, Greuit breaker . This voltore, apps bélween |-the certeck Frnmectichly afley find ane Falernaphion. GE this chlecthic Shergth a the medium hefueen sthe contacts does not build up facky than the rate . 4 | i¢ wie gf the Fev then the breakelown ‘take, | Place which will came vei vileing of ave: Thus At ‘mpdttnt that the diclechne streayth the Certect Space must bul very voptilly thet wate of Wee of TRV so thet sa “the Intoouption a Cusnen bg the CR takes place, Succenpally The verte 4 Bise ¢ this Erons ent voltoge clepencts on the Creuit Pap paramctns arel the typed the Suitehy duty trvolved. The vote af balding wp oh the che exp Strength depends on the Hhectie cbeben t “the tnkesapies ene ey sell and the circuit breakey, HO i deuives to freak the Cumerts — ushile fs Very Capautive, opening the Capacity hanks, there my Appeay a high voltage, Gers the contact Pe con Cowe Teigition f the are Her inches ase extinction. Thea tf the contact Space breaks oxan Sithin @ [Posed one doutth dg SY From fal axe | | extinction the phenomenon fg calkeg Cetatct ten | the Rigfaben fs in “EY net honky ic prere eatee as i} fe cath not leod to ay Ovex Voltages beyond Permissible mits. dh the breakdown eeeusa offer one fousith of a cyde, the phenomenen fs calles! Beifeike: Ehfek of Different ameteus on TEV/— ea ree ee dyonsiest voltege Appesta across the civeust breaker | paler sohich Is Supeymposea on paren Preyuency syskm ly Iteg d bia to gerbe the ore Ths voltoge | voltege an . ee lost dt few bens oe hunal reds 4 microseconds Ee The Shape 4 TRV cm be osci lady , non- os cil\chay BA a Combirekion r tuso Ae perching pow |-the choracleristia ¢ the civeuit anal the CB- baer RH | ae ts 4 woltoge | eo at v brontierl volte | Fro Lhepe 4 -bronsient Resor vollege | his vooye has a, asciltetony Component i$ clue “te | frduclance — anel Capotane fy the Cieu't. The power vo Hoge This | syste v0 Frequency Component fs due te the “se won fa ow Ogi: ht Shan fo below See art fs a — oto i see fos qwoent ° ano eS] pro fat Vo [tages Ales Final cwerend G0 Aaits fon evo The transient oxcilly Components mfowseconals offe which power Pireguency the -tronaient Com ponent has Frequency given by voltage, yemank. 1 f° Gap thexe fy Frey 4 bronsiest yecovery voltage, Ls Syafvolent Gneluctance - e73 Bui veent Capositonce shbet of Natural Prepreny ow TEV2— path — froveare fn the natural Frequency the rate a yee 4 THY at omrent Zero {neveacs. This "3 shown in Oye < = % rate, + rise of, trangient Teconny voltage, | ry | Ab Tyrescrtecl by lopes 4 tangents to the thre warefrms clravn at obifferent frequencies. Rate gf rhe FEV comes voltoge strewn on the covtect gap cohich wfll continue the one. Showing Te Fae. Ethedt at Frequency of TRV df the bepucoy fs treveatesf then relatively Smelt time 4b available fr buildiy Gf dielectiie Shrength, fF contact Grp. thence Muteare fn Frey couses grt Strenes. The tate 4 vee of TRV OS relate crth the breabing copauty a a circuit breaker Ruy Th obo means tose 4 Vise of tev iis tperclent On nabisel firey ¢ Tev. *w Frmpseny Troteater “the breaking Capacity yeblucet- | Elted 4 power face | | | on TRVe~ at the faitant of Ral assent Zero the velt¥e avoss the CB contosk fs offectect by the pe | Appescting | ca the Gxvtent- At casorent pero dhe ome 1S eortingslahad | After this Pew Freqpseny voltee appears acs the ot wsotedt | cB The Ins tamlanecus vollue a the volteqe | geo lpech ow phase angle between the covert ¥ volte be unily pe load ax Shoon in O44. both voltage ond cusorent ake fo Phare ard ote 50 ot j the Same tne fant- gen’ | | Biya onihy power fader pout Sader Crores the peak gf we Congidlet Sere on the Uvewh breaker contazs | yoltege Epox (S — fmpremest | at the cworerd Jeo fatlant o fnvtantaneous vallege gives rnvte Tranilent aref provide vale of rise of ev Heme tf the pf is low Inbemupting of Such coustent 26 olif Paalt aorly Fao. gsio power Facto Recony Volbage ¢ — dt is the whose having nétmal power Preyenny tohich appears offer the transhent voltage bette ¢ feacknee Drop on Peveveny voltege )- Botre fou fs tabing phce Jet us Consider thot ae | the voltege opposing across on 13 ‘y> AS the foult eusstent — froveates, the voltae chop th readline oto j fostease After faalk nad the voltoge Sppesriog beg ‘a fs shally les than Ys The Sytem takes Some time to Tegan the Bipinal Value | Seockion fn alternators . Thus the | pose s— | Peortion 0% Pecos a 1a) Sffedt of Pormohure ae se | qhe Short civeuita ore af Aegging pew shying oH | dogg edi have % olema gn Ay ie ee Ee $ | dlecreases fo Mego the aiginal vole (S Heads e ee hua the per Prepuency the Ntmal » | this emf takes Some time 7 is | n | component $ secoveyy volkege as |e | value f System volbege- | Stile frequen Qranfent i- prea cue L nies | This Cirusk produces the a2 | Stile Frey ueny eregink C) oe ie seit blag veltaye branuiedt Te acted fereny An gf osailakon fs gen ba EE a (re | Deperting upon the values of Land e', the Frey ueney | Yonges From tala, “te toby The Chroust confusion | fy achiad power Sytters &s Complicated and A on oli tribute Capacilance ord — Facluctanees - Jn Such | Cire the Thy has Sewral Component of Peyvenses ae w F aohieh 6 Shown Ie FYE the wciliy wate cuevert Fira Double Prepueny TPrangent $- Ly | Sn Stigle requency ™ | Bansient we have | contfelerest — C- &in a0 ° ‘ Ui ancl e! ony on one aa Sicbe + C8 But mnoy be on Figs both Siler cB This i¢ Shown in Ayes: The ponte Vane! 3" one ie | eqipskntial pot belne | cleaning the fault: But t— offer the ox extnekoa there” Fave. wih be two cireutts | cohfeh. may occillcde af their own | netiet Preguensis ard ths a Composite afouble Frey acof Aransient appear aden 68 Shoryp Ce bm | | ae TS ‘The Ctyeutk Confipaadion the type f foul and the type gp neckel caithig axe the Impeitnt datos ahi will cleaide the Freyueny, rate of The and Peak value 4, the Rv: | The TEV wae is dedinecf by Speatfyng the | peak value and time veguived to reach the Same of ft con be SpeaPreal by detining the Segment of lbines toch enclose “the TEV coovefennn- | Denivehion of Rate of Rise of TEVI- The trargient vo Hoge thet appears actors the CB cafads at the fruit of are extindlion (5 collecf Redtbing voltage. The rile $ rise of veil’ b fag voltage Reev fs nothing but pate vobtch ig exprened fn volts (Per mivio-sesond. This will vepiesent the rate act whi jMonient rerowry voltye (5 Somccaing. The ratte of [wise of TRV + eperclen? on Sjilem Poroumetens | With 'e' as the war ibing voltoge fo volks then. | PERV = de volts [Agee | The max fimum fritantaneous Value ottfaines by te ! : cihihiyy vettege fs called “the peak Teil ng voltae, | 5) u th the given Spenfrcsttont of Tev the circuit “| breaker mut be able do indernuyt the Shot civewtl ! | breaking Curent The peak value of TEV, time to Tench |the Peok frequency of gev ancl fnitial rate of rise coe Some af the Fmpettiut properties + TEV which ose | Sipifront: | Consfdex a Stropled detrn a an equivalent oft Shown below. (1 tole! thductinee betwen om 2S ee a CB and Sowsue TT mp AAA C> Capactane to eatth ¢ cout . shat max a | the cbt: Z : | Cfreuit Petidanee is Teg lead is wt shett civeut as apphizal obrecthy of the Termine $ Civeuit breaker, yemete from Source. anit 4 ClKeurt breaker is closed) and af thet time Cwoent Flossing through, aT? En : Tar Oe Cat 90") (- eo | Ta Sat th : | | a ae foe vallge 4 Fn Bult, ste the effet de’ can be neglected ax ft at shor? civeaifee/ | by the breaker Swekh- hlhen cB +8 openeel, then if cosorent to be | fntomupteo! this con be Strulited by antaming a concealing | cusenf equal av oppte b arial cusment, being _ tnjected of cite't breaker . The vellage necetarty to cause this curtent ts then voltage that appears acier \o8 covdacts — Fromectefely affer trfewnuption Eooking af civeuit fron the breaker Lerminal | ‘Lane ‘ce’ appear fn pasate! are! the equelion t cancelling content 48 a 4 edt rece ey) h 2 ae voltage aso breaker termina rioting but veetribing valtege dhitherentiaSing yO The swhdtion ail! thus okperc! on the coment arel re frlerruption takes pice at custernt geno "& when p=0 then e fe Sino > a and often opening ef. cB, o | di. bin dt wok | Se TM. wom = st of B= ZL Substituting this In eye) | Fm cat = = te ode L he This fs Standesol eg” and Lefichion 4 thas eguakion wy | Ths tam Expression A reitri bing veblage ta which | Ein Peak value of esoveny | wlloge phase h | neibel fm vole. t 3 time th Acc _o Inckiclance ‘n hensies © > Capacitance fy forecks e7 reitriking voltage “ TS AN Expretiion fev Maximum value Ca Lestriting volloge «, 1 | and catrerpanching time try) Sf zy | dE B's to be masimam ca (2) =-) phere t-4, | Nous 1. G¥me at which moxiinum Setting voltage occu a Ard Deak value af reshibing vollege [2m= 26m] phere Gn & egual to achive eave ultoge Cie, Kaela len emer j Value of Tecorany voltage at auyent Zero) | Exprenion Pe PREV orel Mexcimum LLRV- ae eres) | PERV = Em oo t (ke [le oo oe [Porton Peev = Em — 7 B/ when Sit _, yLe tg ot (ke a = /t- ake fv Mars 2eeY Freysency 4 osellletion 4 Bering Voltage Cranutrt) ay ase | L. Nex bev = £0 2 a7, Gn | (ke Moximum BBV = irEmd, | Resibing Yolloye unelex Vasious Conch'Hions :— The reiting volloge ‘e’ urcler vasious corchtions \ be e= 4 /'- 4fé 7) phere Vay clive Teroveny wlige ie) the frfantineas Value of Tesorey veltge at auctent geno arc var can he voyttlen as Yor = by Aa Ay Ey \ Hee E& —> Pook value of Syefero volleye m b> frelon which oaker file accouits feet 4 __” Ee / | | ciraut pt andl A> Sag | gone bel by > feel which aecourch effest f win clune | genthion on — Heeoveny vollage -, > Phase fac a brst pole to chy facht - Fring pole ty clea fadbo ¢— frslee pole th _ bas valtage between healthy phase clea face — ancl faulty Phase Phase to rethal voltaye with fault removed. 4, tree phete Ayitems if’ fault lor mot imwhe the earth, the voltage aexous the ¢B poe Fixd to char is |S tines the phase voltage - | Ate Indecuption; There ase two metheuls a ane frlesnuption a thigh Yerigtance dntemuphon 0) Cusetent ero datewrption Tigh Rerislance dalesruption:- 5, this me'thed at we fahssruphon , is resistance is Protease’ So as to recluce the Cument tb a Value tsuffeient te Maritan the axe: The are Yesistance Can he fnerearecl by cooling , lengthening , Coons training and sp keting the oe. Ahen Cuvient fg int conugtest the energy oouctest Field Appeass in the rim of eke troslake enegy. Hh high vol ge Gpyveans — acess the Corlach g the ca. df this voltage as wey high and mete than the woithatendling capacity 4 the av between the Covtads, the one will Atike apain. Thurefire this meted se net Auielle dr a Aasge cusxent | fntevuption This con be employect for low Power ae arf ole cia? breakers voith tts magnetic | \ | Cunt Zoro Jrbvsuption :— (fow Pacrtince Jpeouphon) “This methed 1S appleable only fr case of ac cas. Jn coe of ac Ayply, tthe cuxnent wove Parser through, a zexo point, too times pee Aeconel at the Apply fregueny gg roth This eotine ef ac 18 ua seal fr are tnfeouyition - not frifexrupteol at ony point The Cuorent 48 frstant, othesoise than ‘the geno cussent will oceus acxoss the not allowesf t rise other a high Transient volege Confect gp The Gusent 48 | Agate after a 3x0 cwsment occ. | de Antesrepdion Theses :— | Theme axe two main thesuie, Zo exphiin zero | cusrent frlosuption g the ose 0 Recong Rate thearty ot sMeprarts theory | (id Frey Belence Thety & Codsic's Thedy | Blepian's Thesey ;- Lkpion olsaribest the prown a4 a race helveen | the — abrelectiie stength and reth ing voltage - A ———— | Apten every (Ney Causseent 5exo, thee is a column i vekiclel oniseal ge Ney the axe. The ma [Gass the see ty eb cpr bay checepng | Necetary Heidi king volloge anced this vologe Atrens Lis AubSetent ty oletich chetront ot of thesy afomic atbrts which yefeates Gret heat. Ao tn this thesry rete ot which posh forms ancl electrons = recombfne to Aim neubtl moleutes is Composed with rate of nie of verti bing voltage. Due to Yecombinetion cliefeetir’ trength gap gah wemoved. So whe of remy of cbielertere strength fs compacted waith rele of ‘rise of vettribing Voltage 3p the weihribing voltae Tisek more vapilly thon the electric Shength, gap Space breaks chon and ote Strikes Ajain and peut from the Fyomers). Cr Rate of obielerbr'e Arength mote than Stet kin y ve Wee Jes thaw ote Ch) Rote ts clickshie strength is pry vise yodribiog vo llege : o Ce d of ay gl emt | he au ptiow mode % La eb, Oe oe ts thet the restr thing vo llege and vise Niele Liuie Abrergth. axe Compeserble gqrucntitics which akan quite cect. Sigs: The Seconel cltawhack fs cthet the thesty clon not —> time Consider the enesgy welations fn the ore extinction. te coving as ‘ts nat covsnedl by ths they So “Lig Inomplele- Cassie's Thesry te Altemndive explaination 4 above Procen 4s afte! by — Camie's thesty a abo calle! Enexgy bokance they. Caw ie Suggertedl thet the veedtabl shment ‘of ome tnterorpcion a an axe both axe energy balance proces: dF the eneny Ip to an 05) Conkinues fo rorense, the ase Heihikes ane not, ade jh inleouyitect The they rmabes te Filo sing edturnpions: (Ae Connie a % — eylneritad olan having | Unifeln demperattare ot fs vs Aechon- The energy bitrrhutel In the column 48 Unido. ly The Femperatine remalns conetant he tow section gf the ome colts Hhsclf ty actomeclite the o%e cussent- PD Power ohisipeion 48 propettfonal to ures Aectonal atien gy ake Cohemn. The energy equation as expreneal by amie is Gen by alg =~ > FI-N alt Whete §§ Energy Content / hength Ff one fo em € — volb/em La thal As ent N > Teel Power ets Jem Breakoloun cccuns iP Ponee Lf wy the ome As ws ymdte than poure Ao: the theby 4s true fe hgh cwrenB Iromechiately offer cusnent BHO? conlact ol there Pre hos Apace Corafns foniseal eee an a Cintte past Zero Hredfsfance plow there visthy eifrihing volboge Ths vi Shing revi be tng voltage Catuues cussrent bh Glow Actuen the tonticts. Due to this oa clisfpaleel a4 heat of ctheutt breaker. current flow, ‘Power ‘the Conlaot Aprce i Vae ; a4: bavefine a; ac abe | nibiadly when, Seite bing voltage % geno wd mot: 2 aa c cussent and hence Pow & gero- Ob f . : fs iv geso when the Space ba b a ecome Fully clefonice [and verittene behucen the contech fe tn vey Laie dn beteeen there boo extveme ftmrts, power | dlissipatecl ts tp a moxtmum. Jf the beat 40 | grote exceeds the ste at which heat Con be semovedl frm orlact pace, fonisalion vor ll Pet and breakclron will occusk, gtutng on ene fy another hal caele- © Coasert choppy ( frtevnugtion of sow magn diving Cornent) There oe ceilain Cirveunstancers like diswonnedting tyomsfimens on v0 Loacl fin chick fb is necetany 0 inkestupt Srabl fnoluclive coren. The no-load connert fo transfrmer fe almat ot gro Power excl baying. This cuect ts tmeller than the name! Cusent Vating 4 the dreokes Irfernypting Such Cuter Caer Aesve, AA, on the co. his phenomenon fs called ‘Lusstent chopping! Mhrle Fhe uphing dow frchilve cussens the vapiel defonizction of confact Space arel blaiP effect may cawe the Cwwent +9 reduce abruptly ty Zero wel befre the Nahraf Cussrerc Sexo SS Cussent chepping cuir — | | og Ses fous voltage oscillabions & | ae \ e-E ginal ©) a Lous! Ng iid Craik Dy “a vew Showing Prikeoruptvon, of rdichve Casters Covent & Aine = Netsal Cuctend pero Rivet chop ——y # 1 Seconep ee Pevst Resheik a Fa 1408) av) | Let He ore conert be 1” then ih as chopped! clown to gexo value. The feted enegy fr the frchucter Pohick AE L* asfll be abchasigeel tr to the capacitance So thed the Capacitey fs Chong eof ty a prospectie voltoge, Vi Suck that +h. bev 2 V= Wipe volts This Prospective vrttoge is etemely high a4 Compesiect b the ntwral Syston voltage - The FPrgueny of neckurel osctllafion, Gren by- et anfre This voltae wrt Oppesx across the circuit breakex favemertire + 1 )a0 1. Mis Cptes'+ Leth GO s oe v [ele Slee) See EB) : as Ga) #4. o i. , las * ke ze ~ (zee) EO = ¥pL- _ os CWT? Cm OT | Taking fnvexse Aephece traufm bib = c [i- ot (nsyer g sine) The natinal requeny of asain, 4& ge by 4-2 + ft anf le “yegr dt can be heen thet with the value of the rerubince 2’ epual to cr tes than LT, the os cilaliny nature of the Beanslent will not be there cnol ERY wf! be within Permissrble Limits ¢ cB: ry crit feel ohmping 2-26 c y | | Cons en obkPfenent values of fe, the ascillakions Obseyvesl ase Shown bellows, | Bz oe pr4Jé pe fb Lm [~ [~~ Fig al. Innis! Sem “ 1D Ate Vollsge His dhe vollge thal APPeoAA ocspes the Corbet ef the Civeuit breaker hong ste ey period. WS eon as the Contacts Pa te cB Acperale , an = fimecl The vetiage thet appeass across ‘the costa olisuing being Ponocl 1s cabled the ade volege. jd value flow except fw the Poried the fault Costent Vie of al fee cosoent Print. AL cworent Zero, the are Nittoye tises rapidly to Peak value crcl this peak Voltage jer 4 maint, “the cussent flow in the §m of re Whang Nblleyes- $+ i the trans voltage that | opp auress the coitoc at #1 mea Cussient gex0 joking ae Perrod be of e AT Gomer Zeno, high : peor] Pequerey brensient voltage Oppeois gn ies voto ye | [across the confi ais pp | ee eee J yopid o ' eno instant i | chetytbutton of enengy beboeen, Eg veag the wognetic and eleda’e Gel atoucled cath fhe —— \ ea and “tfemarmission lines of te eee The | transient volloge is known a8 sett bing yellage- “The | | Cesstent — inleruption im the cht lepend eipon this vollege | | tii) Recoveny Votteges- dt 48 the rémal Presuercy (0M) [rms valtoge thd appear auiors fhe Contac F the | 7 PP | cca breaker often Kral ade. extinchon . Hf 4 approxi ie tely yah to the Aygkm voltae; | > a fo yd, 34 alternate with grounded necbiall her frndluctance tbmH/é and is conneded to | babes throug ly a ce The Capacitance de easith befian the alfeunebor and ch & d-coxuf per phate: The ca opeus when Tms volue of owsient — ¢9007- Delemine | cinalyHeally the dallooing a) Max PRY (@) Time A Nox. BERV (3) freyueney oa osclafions Neglect Ast pole Pp feos facto xt & oy requeny af acdllafons /s qpen by 1) Re ad voller G= TxAwL = 380 volbs res: Ems (ax&. = 530 Bestr bing veltege , e= Em (i- oe) = 5340 (J- cot ( Fon) (2) Max. RRPV oceusn = echen ae, tt” when t={4e- A 2 3.4G4-4ee re 2 a a1) Mex: prey As gen by Fm © 5340 _ gyaovwoltr ¥gec vee aan? J Max LREV = 2k Bosca Dime dar Max Pppy = J-4GH- dee grey of asulletiom = 42,400 els is A sf altemator has He bne vollye of iby. The Connected! “fh a ©B- The Mnchchve Heackance | Jere is Ise the ch 4% S.n/ph. the kutilbutecl Caparitance upto CB belween phate g neihel % 9°4E. De forming | te Alling : Negled fist Pole clear factyr CD Peak Reatifking voltoge aums the cf. eer | wo frequeny ob resin bing voltege transient | B) aheroge rele of taki bg volteye %pl prob | rechibieg Volfoge. | &) Max. PPRN- is | fer aneL = an al= 0.01594 | | Vee Nev Yphe de = 635 Meng | | Emax = Fax b 35 = akv | restribeing Voltage ,e= Fm -(I o =) | - oo a ) = a(! [oroisaxorn) 15 * | A. on mst) | a) Peak. restriking Voltoqe = BX EG, = IK 4K= akV Time fA peak rest bing voltoge >. | irr t= 30 5A- 400 Ga) A veeye of realli voltoge = Grex 8 ng sb kv |4-dee tm Br @) wo Preyer OL cilationt | al acho 2 12, 634 cP | ©) Max PREV = Em | = (> do a Aychm the rms wage a erev, Letom ce o-eams. Deldimine the avnage rhe f vie Rastribing ve ltoge , when the cB Pens = tly [ARs 1 gal? sh Rea tri Hig Voltoge e = (A xt Ce ene ) nat (oa) Pime be each mar. Lestribing witege = affle > eee Ae dee Cmee ote = Ok kv renoye vole f ise of reat Thing velloye e, gia Senco = (2a6v[A-dAec: | tm ete > In a Shott cirast Verh ona 8 the fallowing reodings obbteined 07% Prey rency tranatent ee a) Wme fo rach the peak reifribing volfoge 1 | Fo 4- dec @> the peak pevtri bing voltege, tookY | @) Calulete the average yale of Me of Yet bing voHage: and te necks! pryseny a} the cht Sol” as renaye yete fhe 4 rettrihing vollige = peak retfribing vo ttoye Cm) time do veoch the peak (tm) 3 =) je0le = Wesov | Y-dee fo Nefiraf Frequeny a pe by Sn = 0 chee Ltr fn = to® 1 eel ey adet lp mene? Fie 3Ke|Gec [ 1 Shey — In tes dn a dhort Giveut Tet ona 3 pole cB pret fede ab fault toe Pe, the Tesovery vwHoye was 0-95 Hma full Ane value “The breaking oussientt Hook Spremebvod The Freyuency of oscillaitins % resfribing j volteye war [5,000cle. Exhimate He avenge tate of nse of redrbing Voltage. The neitbad 1 grounchel | By jand fault favolvet cash. Neglect dict pale 1 ckay | facet Kine - Vine Veltege 4s No bv se | Vy, = Ilo Mp, = 19 by, | “Pp Ts Tms | peak era get xJ2 = Fokv | 3 | given pet soy | heme pf angle O= 6640 Sind = 0-92 Recovery witoge 44 0°95 bins Peak vilue drom ey frilanlineous value of reinveny voltoge a E> b Emax ke hy thy hy phere he imal pling facto} clue fo power farce angle = GinOe 0-92 fa = multiplying filet clue to ‘yclrs velloye 0-95 hy dudoy dep encls on cht Can obhons =) InBrs | cose Sine the dault fnwher coup be kik = vee ee osxqo = Fe95 bY Cine toitonenut ) 1 Dime te rach the rst peak a reli bing volley con be OHlimetec! rom fy = _10* where fin kclktec xt foe 1 Fy fn efsec tin i to 2 0:33yl0 See dé = see, tm? = nett 2X15, 000 = 033 xi Asee renege FLV = Pinay 2x4 et 9-33 x)0> 33 = 48 kv /A- sec: > dna Ayrlim # 22kev, the cbt phase do grand Capacitance is o-o1Ht#, He sees Mrclichne & 64- coluete the Voltoye Sp Peering aurors the pole 7¢- a cB ft a magneising went of fof 1% Catevrupke/ | Cing tawtaneont)- Coludcte the value of teristine de ie Used aviots Contact Spate do elimindle te eth eing Vo loge “>. (Ss S 3 \ tbr + cow ’ ve | Mogaituole af veris fone “7 fi Neistance Aaitehing 4 EE FS 1DAS kL om Ve 245, oo0y | Civuatt Breaker Fabiogs & Speciation: a the ‘valings pa 8 gor to the oo Chenackesicte veluc that define the wad Qacktions fe thik the civeutt breaker 55 des neel ard — built cek rout be capable f- Covering | Conbinuoms te full loo Crsent, whHodt excesive | femperiture rise 1 Od should be capable af “STHstanding the cestioct nami, Pues p LE Speidichon 56-1 (IT) and rhmeitean Sfandeook , an arc Cruuit bsreakey Thee te flog veh I Gadeol Vroltoge , yated) Covent Baked fropseny 2. Rp Breaking Smpacitin | Syrm: & obymmn: + Rated maf! GF pauls 4 | 5 Gated short-time Curent oH rated wor imum \ Austafion f Shit ciyuu't- 6. Reted operttig uty | Cinonst Breaper Kabir > owe ag Chr exit breaker raey be calle “por do operste all Conclivons- Hour, maser aches FHC mnposed) thee 4% 4 Ault on the ' unclen upp cond: Ans on the Cire breaker when tig ConnecTecl Uncler he Syglem fp cohich yeol to pedo Be Allowing a Cveut breaker 16 ey three Aches 0) ft mutt be capable of opening he “bully ChrauP | anol breaking the fault samen i) mutt be Capoble ea being close on a fault: | (ir) or mush be capable 4g ennng fault Guscrert fr a Aded time while anoth in “4 | a hy a ey cBC. henre) 48 chasing CoPoresporching do the aha erhoned tales, | the cieut breaker haw thiee rehings viz. 0 rreabing Copecity i) making Copa ane! Gi) sborh- ti city. | me Capa ty | 0 Breaking Copacity 5- Gt 4s te Courent (rm that | . a Ciret breakert howe Hree cpectings 1 48 capable | of breaking at ffien Hecovely voltage and undet Apeuidreat Conditions (eg Paxey fautey, rate Pa rise oe ! settrrking volfoye): the breaking Cnterent Capauily 46 abanys AeHecl as te rms Value of Ault Cusent ot the Snitnt of Contact Aepeation. iden, gout Sa ies 48 loot Conticdera ble Abyrometey ‘n of welect eh? The fault cuter clue the Preéene of aw obc om ponent: The che Component obit away aoe aprlly, a Ypical clecremend dy ep o-gper Yele. ere Lv Redewing~e Br the cntack ob Seperatea! ot Da! at this Aifnce, te ult cunt has ) value of arc Com ponent ' Component Agr ead breahin, X= May. Ye ole Cuxsent =rmMs value + ac Component = x a Aig rmbt cal breabing axsinent =rms vale of Bal Geoent 1 of 4s a common pritice do expen che breaking pacity | fo HVA by taking foto account He rteol breaking Cusurent and rele! fenvice voltage. Thus if F is the | Haheal breaking Qourent tn amperes and Vv V ts the _ radecd Sexvice line vltoge in volt, then fay @ 3- phate | civeuit | Breaking Gpacity = [ax vxTax10 “VA iD) Making Capacity 5 | There is ahoays a possibilty of being ot making | the cveuit andlor shod Ciresit Conch'fions. the \ Capauhy of a breakey do “make” Cusnert leperoh upon fs ability to withstand, and close Auceestpully auainst the ects pf chcroragnoke fro These does axe propothoras do he Aguene fp mexinum fuilontineoun esvrerd on closing, horebte raehing Copauty is sated fm Teme of a peak value cxsrent — Snttead gt rms value The = peak Value Ea cosnent ( tackling de Component) Aasing the brat tyke cussrerf Have ofey the cbooure of civeuit breake 1s brown oh omahig Capacty.” dn other cook, He vembing Cooret #4 Squall to the asin Value ef aby rmeBuiad Gosren Fo Grd thie value ue rnusf roubtiply Ayrnmeliicuk breaking Gsned by [a do eomett this from Tres bd ped, ard then by 18 P Inchde the ooublng ped 4 yroxs rou aby mncby the total rmeltiplretion Padey besomes. JEx18=2°5 L [proking Gpautty = 255% bymmibiial breaking pay] y cr Abel. Be Yeting O «% Re PHiod fey | whieh He veut bresker 1 able do assy Boule | | cwetert — uhrle Acmaining closeah, | Aométtne a hut on de Aythem ig of very Tempted, | natesve J endl parcel fA ina Aewonds afte chek the fault is Alonetially — cleosedd . da the ink! of Continul Supply , tthe brealey Shoukl not up Th duck, Gnditiod & Liduations This meant the cos thal be able do Coby high Cworent Sobely fr some -SpeuReof | Poise! while remaining closeal hey they Ahoull have Pproen short tme tading Howey if the Soult: Pesisict fu a hacton lenges then the Specidred dime himit , Hee breaches will trip, chs connecting tthe Seay Section | The het — hime Yeing ofa cp olepench “Ypen he abikhy db orth stand 0) the ch dbowag nee fue feck ane) (by tthe Term peratire Nee. | | Atmel Cassron! Racing + % the rms vahe of. | Cusseat — whieh the op a : | S$ Opable of woryying | Cooh'nuously of veces Prey venuy Conclitions. The only limitation fn this cose ‘The femperdteve nse of Coemtent - Cooeuing poor Ss oh ch As rafef a6 1509f; looomvA, 33kv, | B-hecon! S-phase ofl ca. Pnecl i’) sabe neural | ewstent — () breabing opacity Qu) rafeol Ayrom chucol breaking cosorerd 1) shel raking consent (0 tha ime ring mn) Aeted sewrce yolteye: sh ht | 0 Refeef netmaf Gusrent = 1500 4 (wy Breaking opacity = [000 Mvp CW) Badeol Ayminehrinal breabing Cussienst = Lovo xteh ga ge Ord) | JV3x3 x10? QD Rasen! mabing Gseent > 255x449, = Aebp A Peak) WO rhvt-hime rebing > [496A fri Seconch Vy fake AeHvice Wikeye = 2aky (rms) UNIT-2 Chneu't Breakers 2 Clasifiestion of GHeuit Breakers s- There ane Lewral hg ¢ clanifyng the cnet breaker However, the most genet tony 4 clauifection 1s on the bass of mecbin utes) fr axe extindton . The mestium utes Ar ore ertincbon 1s usually oi], a bulphe Hera Flousice (5%) # Vacuvn ectclingly Circuit break may be clawibecl sto (iy off cirast Breakers hich emphy Some Cotideting oil Ce dransddmor oil) fr we extinction ty) glee Blact Creuit Brokers fo chick high prone ain bad & used BH tig wathing the ote F3) alphas Hera Plowice Greuit Breakers fr thik sm gas dbeol for ane ertinchon Gv) \acaum Giraut Qreakeu in which Vocuum 1 ured Ea ote Grtincton Don ofl & Mnimum off Cxuut Prrenkons o- — a C S Teg Chanter J = ice Areather SS Ol Circuit Pheakens ane of boo dypes iz) Bulk orf cae 0) Ayes of] ck I; Cul aT Bh the alba pen de deco | fnathy + ah o& on one quenching nl | desonelly A SInbulates the ie pasits prom east. fp jas been dune thet only a mall prrcestoge of ofl \4b ach dbeot fpr oc extinction while the major ‘fot is cthuect for insubchion purpose. For his reason, He quanti of off tn bulk oi) craut Breakers reaches la voy hiyh dyure as the Ayjlem voltage Invreases. ofp froteasa fre vith ancl maiilanance problems: dh fot Hat Only a mall porceitage of ofl abou ror) of hte) fn the bulk ail runt Breaker ety el Ar ote extinction: This each H the quetlion a a ahy ‘the vemainolex y te oil, thet 8 vot frome ckafely Aussrourching dhe clevice, should not be Omitteel with condequert Aoaving n | bull weight ond dive risk This kof fo the olvely — ment of minimum orl op. | ake 1 | | Constructon 5- | he etocs jeckovs of a Single ee ane <1W° of bud both Elteaf The above dy: shows Sf insmum ofl cP. Th seporcted from och ofh chembet 1'S Creat breaking, Supperting chambey. | Phase low oil Cormpasitmerts with oil the Upper chambet ancl cthe louey one 48 the the tee chambeun Me Seperececf rom porhhon So het te oil from one chamben 1s preveritect from inixtag with the other chamber. This orreangemen| Permits two oclvartages - Fiesty » the Cirauit breaking chambey reyurres a Small volume of etl whreh ts jet enough far cic ertnchon - Secondly , He amount of al te be rplaceal 1's rolueeol ea dhe el is the Suppétting themhmy lee cel get conta nected by tthe arc: & Soppottng chember— Jt & Porcelain chamber mounte! on a méflaf chamber fe i's filled! with orl which 1s Phy sreally Seported from the ailin the Cir wit breabing Compoxtnent: The oil Ingrele “the Suppstling Chamber and the annubh Space d&med beloeen the Porcelain ingueton and bake Kise] papet Is employed fo Fnsuleion Pusprse only. o he + : it i's Potcelam enclosuse ?P ‘the Supa : ppatling — Compantment | it is Gilled coith of and has the aes | CS Apper ancl lower Pred contch- | by moving contact | ©) Prbudedoy ti) Creit Breakey cham be mounted on [The moving conta ts hallow, and Inelucet 0. cy nce whreh roves clown oven Gxecf piston. the Finbuletor [is an anc Goiko device ancl har both axed and | Tooke vers. The axial vertling eruses tHe infoouption of ow ownterits whee ak Packt veriling helps in the inte sruplion f heow Cuvstente ay Top chambesg- dt ts 4 melt chambey and 1's “ nowrtes) on ‘the cirauit- breaking chamber a provicles | expansion Space fhe ail in The Cirast breo-bing Compasttinent- tthe “hp chamber 18 ato provicleal woth a Seperaler which preverils any loss af. oil by centrifugal adkon Caused! by cireit breaker opercition dusting fault conelikons: Operon Saat op vietling conehhons , the | ory daa engagedl with the “pp xed " ital 4 | contac cohen a foult ocusy, The aa “ome | Pulled clown by the ‘Tripping Springs ond on ase Is | chuck “The ane enegy vapétites he oil ancl Produces | gue unde hivh Prenuje. This achion conghaine the | to Pam Fhrowh a cembel hole fh ‘the movi | Contact ane Yeduly fa Freiny Seanies ef oil ‘through the | Tapedlive Pamages af che unbulstor The proces ca \tustbuliios is dtdely one, fn which the sechons } the ome ate Succetively quenched by the effect of Seperate — streams of ofl moving autos (ach section fm tisin ane Peostng atooy rk jue: Prelvantagaac- | dh reyurres lower Peankt, af oil > & repairs, Ameallen space | = There is yeohaceo! rth f dre ! > Mainkenane Problems He veolncech ' Di saclvanlayess- > Due to Snabler Graurk by x ol, He chgree of carbonischion gf 4 froteateal: > Thre uw a bf ulty f From the ntact Apa ng the jus | Le i hme. js The chelectyc trent 2 the ail defers ales | sta aa elue to high ckoree Cthonischion Maintenance of ol Crout Bi henge > chek the Cument eesery ing put ord obeing conlack df the busining tb Aevene, the corfach shoulof | he replaced > check the diekztc trent of the oil- df the oll boelly cbacolouied, 1+ shoubl be changeot ay necondlitionedd the oll fa goed! cOnek'Htoo Should wits bnel aoky fo one mindle In a Stanclrd o/l Tetfing cup with 4mm Sp hetiveen elect¥odes | 5 chek ‘the fnswlchoo fr posible chmage - Clean the | Surface ancl remove cotthon deposite wrth a Aone | and ay fabric 5 che ‘the oil level Vo heck closing ard Tipping mePoniem | \lacuum Ckaut Preokers(VeB)-- dn buch breakeu, Vacuum (lege of. Vauum being fy the ange fom 15%d010 tee) 4 wied) ab the rch ane quenching meolium. ince Vacuum hey, the highett frbuleing Bhength it has chon Supoih one quenchag Propeilies than any other meckum- Prtneeples- The preeludtion af aie fr a Vacuums crveuit breaker anol extindlion can be explained) o& follows: hihen the contacts xf she breaken ate opened fo voeuum (157 do 152) an atc 4b prrduces behicen the crlach by the lonikfoo of met vapowe 4 cenfacs. However, the ove vs quikly extinguished because the ‘refallic vapowe, elections ancl fons prodaad choting axe Tapilly — Conelente anche Sumas of The breaker corlacks, resting In quick recovery of clelechie Strength Salient dealue of Vacuum 's an se qpeerching oo A oe tthe ox 1S produced in Vacuum, it /S quickly exting uit heal clue 40 the ast, fe of rete of dielednie Strength in Vacuum: | Above Byte hows the pas 4 ° Apical vacalen Ciyuut Brecker ft consi af Sxed contact, moring | contac and — ake Shield mounted Insele a vacuum | chembor. The movable member is connetted to the | Control mechanism by Stoinlex | to ebiminele the ae | ceramic vemel 5 ted ox the The or shield Preven the infernal didkedaie Strength by Vepousa Salling on the Inside Surface of sleet bellow’. This ena le, (Abe permanent sealing of the vacuum chamby so od brake A% glam vevel 94 Octey ingulehe heal, : deteisaton of oe Prvedhing netaliie okey inswtasi Say Se reer Webbing 2 \edhen the breaker, opesifes , the moving | Coitad cepenatea from the dived comb ale | coe in tack cine the tony the preclackan of. one Is due b dhe fonisation of mete job andl ynuch Upon ‘the material OF contact. The | ole pencls very rele lic (ome A yuickly extinguished becawe the Vapors , electors ancl 'ons pooch ucedl dusiing che ote hibbased in a Shot me and Seized by the surfaces of moving ana xed membes and Shiella- \ Since Vacuum har veg fact Aacte ef Yerovery of delechic Abrenglh, the ote extingkon in VYacuum breaker occuss with a shett cntad Seperscon Ceay 0625 cm) PArclvandages t= ar They ove torn pact) reliable and have longest life. 3 here one neo &ve hazards . |S There is 90 genesthin of gad lsing omdl afte opel > They con intooupt ayy haul cosent: The ovdlirle cfeskne of & VeB is thet Tt con break any 7 heavy cfault cusent perfectly jut befre ‘the tonlech Teach the AeSnite open position. a 6) = They Yewuive little natn tenance ane one quite in oper stion > They Con Succendally —waithstane! kghining Seog | They have low odte enetyy. 3 They have low inetha and hene yepuire Smaller Power for corsa) mechanism. vtpplrcalions ¢- : Feira couwhy tke dhol, shee chitencer arte anol accenssbildy to vemole areas oliffult ithe instellclion cf Buch oitlelosy,, maintenance free Giruut breakers Shoulel poe a definite aclvantage,. Ciyeuit breakes ate being employed! fn ranging from aakv t 6kv: Even sto loo NVA, they one yaite leauge | Vacuum oddest appliuttiont | with United ling of Sey 6 da a rmajanity of appheations in rural ovens. (Sh) Cirwit Breakers Suikeble | Sulphur trexa Elousiicle Jn Such breaker, Sh 9% 15 Useof o the ake medium: The SF, 'S an leche —neglive gos | quenchin uench i e a Ahrong Jendlenry to obserb free che cbrend ‘the caflich ae opened in a high prenune ofl and an one 18 Shuck belneen them | of Sh gs } eee | The conclu ching Gree eledhonw in the ase one | rapielly —capluved by ‘the gos ty fun Telatively fmmobile neyclive ‘ford This tors of Gorcluching electrons Lf the ae ytickly builds up enough Ingulaction strength do extinguish the hte. The Se cyosit breaken have found do be very effective fe hab Powet and) been high vo Hoye Sexvice: | Conshruction 2- The above Frese Shows the pases ge | typed she Ctraust breaker J concick of Raed ond tortach enckoseal in Chamber Coalled ade /rtenupho moving chamber) Confaining SA gas This chamber is Conneckd netesvoir. When the condack af brenker qo ike tages axe opened, tthe valve mechanism permit a ev Preame SFe gas fom the reservoy dr flow wo 7 % ” 7 infosruplion chamber. The ded @ hollow ceplinalr ical curmentt corvying Cotta ited with an attic hen The movirg cond i ako a hollow cy hinder cold, tecturg Sosy holes in the Siler to permit the Sf gas db let out thro these foles offey Flowing along and autos, the ame: The Tips ob Pxeal | cond » moving conlad ard) ting hotin ane — Coodec! coith | Copper ~ hangstten ane exifant wileal: Since Sf pes | ts cashly ois qecondlihoned and feclaimect by Suitable \ oftey each, operction 4 the breaker: | auxilleny sytem Wetbing go 4, the closed poston Cortech —Yerain Susoundled| ly Sf Y 4 abou aaky |er Lthen ‘the breaker opaodes , the Ymoving wrled 's pullecl op contac. The movement 4 the roving ronised with the openieg of a valve ges ol jickg Jere presue drom of the breake, the os af a premine at cna an ake fs struck petacen ‘the cored © — Sgnek which — pexmils Sf the reenvoiy to the The high premuse flow of 8, Aespielly abenkc the fee eledkons the ave path to dom ae fn feotuphon cham ben. a fromobrle neqelive font wohich oe fn efferkive 8 | change caSstiau The result 15 thal the meclium | béhseen tte — Conlads qpuickly costetens . The Yer At ak he bulls up hjh dllatire steggth and ee the extinehon of ane After the breaker | Operation Cre, offer ote ex}indtion), ‘the vole 4s | closed by the adkon of. a et Ee Apringe. Arelva tages (— ds the Supenist osc. quenching Propeity of Shi Gi, Such Crest breakers have many adlvaritages ot oi] a ot Civauit breakers - 5 Due ch the Supenion oe quenching properly of Shi» Such Crust breakew have very shatt areing dime. | Since the cieketic Hrength of se gos 4 ads chimes thet + aig, Auch breakers con snferuet | ynuch lomges sy erk ‘> th Sf Gru} breaker fives noiselers opewtion che + tts choseol gus cirait ane! no exhaust do almosphere unkke He at bla? oB- — ke the —chesed — gor endotune beeps ‘Tne fleniet Jug fo thed dhere 4% no moishane problero. | [> there i no AIR op fre Mme oh Ym a non ~ fn¢bmmable > there oe no Coston oleposits 50 sthod Thodktrg ' and Frsubillon robles oe eliminated ae Se breakens have !ow waintename Cost, hight | found ection reapaivernents and minimurn avai\losy \ eapai peat (sere breakew are totally endosd and healed rom atmosphere, they axe posticudenly Auitoble explesion hep onal exis °° wal wine where Dead vantigess- —> SF, breakew one Ske 9% —> Sine Sh, gar has dy be —reconchitvonedd afte, every operation of ‘the breaker, additional eyuipment Is repaired far this puspose: costly due ‘to high tot of ee oe ca - | A'pplrations fo tipleak SA drat hreatey Cansidt | of Plesor upler unit each capable of deading with | cussient: — upte Gok ane voltages fn te Tange 4 go-gokv. A number of unite one — connedkd fn Sevier acutely to the Ayton voltae: Sf cB have been dlevelped ft voltoyes SEV de BBOkV, pouey dadings toravél te 20rvA ard Clot upting ie len than 3 cycles Ain Blut Cirewit Bueokous— Deponaking upon the clxechon of az bla fo yeldtion fo the cin-blart ciyeit Brakes ane cbetified ab 0) Attil -hhat type so which the at-bat 15 oe uiectet odony che ane path ab shown in ole ) Cnn -blatt type: in which the ou blurt 14 Co eel Loto ase, i Anteded oat Jyyhtt angles db he hoon in diy 208) yoiguls an H fr) Loobel blot type fn which tthe abr— blast 8 lied haem % dx S080) aaa jing bor ned torteacl poving et ined jae ”) f) Arial - blat ais breaker ¢- & shown fo dy 1(h) the tential Com ponenst of ae Appica axial ~ blast | uw ciraut breaker The Pxeol and moving Contacts asie hell fa the closel Postion. by Spring premue lundet netmel Conditions. The ain reaenvoin 4 Connedhe to the astcing chambey “through an oH Valve. Vhis Valve vemainn olosecf unofey netinal helt ions but opens autho met ealty by sthe “Dipping iimpulad When a cfeult cceans on the Scfem- moe ae ok a rows Co —_ = eA a ; a— Ao ----- od ldtag 1, Clearance ea ani peat

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