FACULTY: CENTRE FOR EDITION:

1
DIPLOMA STUDIES
LABORATORY: FLUID
REVISION NO: 0
MECHANICS

EFFECTIVE DATE: 4/9/2015

EXPERIMENT: HEAD LOSS
THROUGH FITTINGS AMENDMENT
7/9/2015
DATE:

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DIPLOMA OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE DAK 12403

EXPERIMENT CODE EXPERIMENT 5

EXPERIMENT TITLE HEAD LOSS THROUGH FITTINGS

DATE 26/11/2019

STUDENT NAME & MUHAMMAD MUAZ BIN MUHAMMAD AZMIN

MATRIC NO. AA 191814

INSTRUCTOR EN. MISBAHUL MUNEER BIN ABD RAHMAN

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION 4/12/2019

MARKS: ATTENDANCE/DISCIPLINE: /5%

RESULTS: /25%

DATA ANALYSIS: /25%

DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: /35%

REFERENCE: /10%

TOTAL: /100%

EXAMINER COMMENTS: RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP:

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 FACULTY: CENTRE FOR EDITION:
1
DIPLOMA STUDIES
LABORATORY: FLUID
REVISION NO: 0
MECHANICS

EFFECTIVE DATE: 4/9/2015

EXPERIMENT: HEAD LOSS
THROUGH FITTINGS AMENDMENT
KOD ETIKA PELAJAR DATE:
7/9/2015

(KEP)
JABATAN SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA

Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa saya telah menyediakan laporan ini dengan daya

usaha saya sendiri. Saya juga mengaku tidak menerima atau memberi sebarang

bantuan dalam menyediakan laporan ini dan membuat ikrar ini dengan kepercayaan

bahawa apa-apa yang tersebut di dalamnya adalah benar.

Ketua Nama: MUHAMMAD MUAZ BIN

Kumpulan MUHAMMAD AZMIN
(Tandatangan)
No. Matriks: AA 191814

Ahli 1 Nama: MUHAMMAD MUAZ BIN

MUHAMMAD AZMIN
(Tandatangan)
No. Matriks: AA 191814

Ahli 2 Nama: MUHAMMAD FAIRUL IZWAN BIN

MOHD FAZIL
(Tandatangan)
No. Matriks: AA 190599

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 FACULTY: CENTRE FOR EDITION:
1
DIPLOMA STUDIES
LABORATORY: FLUID
REVISION NO: 0
MECHANICS

EFFECTIVE DATE: 4/9/2015

EXPERIMENT: HEAD LOSS
THROUGH FITTINGS AMENDMENT
7/9/2015
DATE:

1.0 INTRODUCTION / THEORY

Pipe friction is one of the classic laboratory experiments and has always found a place in the practical teaching of fluid mechanics.
The results and underlying principles are of the greatest importance to engineers in the aeronautical, civil, mechanical, marine,
agricultural and hydraulic fields.

The head loss of a pipe, tube or duct system, is the same as that produced in a straight pipe or duct whose
length is equal to the pipes of the original systems plus the sum of the equivalent lengths of all the
components in the system. This can be expressed as:

hloss = Σ hmajor_losses + Σ hminor_losses                                           (1)

where
hloss = total head loss in the pipe or duct system
hmajor_losses = major loss due to friction in the pipe or duct system (or due to pipe length)
hminor_losses = minor loss due to the components in the piping system (such as valves, bends, tees)

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 FACULTY: CENTRE FOR EDITION:
1
DIPLOMA STUDIES
LABORATORY: FLUID
REVISION NO: 0
MECHANICS

EFFECTIVE DATE: 4/9/2015

EXPERIMENT: HEAD LOSS
THROUGH FITTINGS AMENDMENT
7/9/2015
DATE:

3.0 PROCEDURE

3.1 Experiment Head Loss Through Fittings

4
Test Section:

a. A 90º bend
b. A 90º elbow (theoretical value of K = 0.9)
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DIPLOMA STUDIES
LABORATORY: FLUID
REVISION NO: 0
MECHANICS

EFFECTIVE DATE: 4/9/2015

EXPERIMENT: HEAD LOSS
THROUGH FITTINGS AMENDMENT
7/9/2015
DATE:

4.0 DISCUSSIONS:

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 FACULTY: CENTRE FOR EDITION:
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DIPLOMA STUDIES
LABORATORY: FLUID
REVISION NO: 0
MECHANICS

EFFECTIVE DATE: 4/9/2015

EXPERIMENT: HEAD LOSS
THROUGH FITTINGS AMENDMENT
7/9/2015
DATE:

1. Based on our experiment, the K always changing due to flowrates and fittings. So each K aslo not
to be same to another.
2. Due to our observation, our values of k and head loss of fittinngs does not same to actual values.
It because maybe about unproper apparatus and human error that lead to unprecises values.
3. Actually it is impossible we can get the values same to the theorical K value. It because the
theorical value was proven by mathematics equation but in real life was not really worked like that.
So we assuming it may from the apparatus and human error.

5.0 CONCLUSIONS:

1. For my opinion, based on previous experiment of major head loss. The major head losses are in
hundreds. So major head loss values are very big compared to minor head loss value. The minor
head loss values are in decimal which is to small. So it is not significant to add with major head
loss because the changing values are not very big enough. So it will not affect the experiment.
2. The benefit we assume the minor head loss is 0 because it will safe our time tu calculate the total
head loss of system. The minor head loss does not affect much the total head loss of system. The
other benefit is when we assuming minor head loss is 0 so we the actual pressure always below to
tatal pressure we give it. So it may be save because we do not give an overload pressure to any
system.

Type of fitting: GATE VALVE

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 FACULTY: CENTRE FOR EDITION:
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DIPLOMA STUDIES
LABORATORY: FLUID
REVISION NO: 0
MECHANICS

EFFECTIVE DATE: 4/9/2015

EXPERIMENT: HEAD LOSS
THROUGH FITTINGS AMENDMENT
7/9/2015
DATE:

Velocity Head, hv
Velocity, u (m/s) K value
Flowrate, Q (m3/s) Pipe Dia., d (mH2O)
= 4Q
Q (LPM) ÷ 60000 (m) v2
d2 (K = h/hv )
2g

0.00083 0.0254 1.164 0.0416 2.82

0.001 0.0254 1.97 0.399 2.02

Type of fitting: 90º ELBOW

Velocity Head, hv
Velocity, u (m/s) K value
Flowrate, Q (m3/s) Pipe Dia., d (mH2O)
= 4Q
Q (LPM) ÷ 60000 (m) v2
d2 (K = h/hv )
2g

0.00083 0.0254 1.164 0.293 4.24

0.001 0.0254 1.97 0.222 1.12

Type of fitting: GLOBE VALVE

Velocity Head, hv
Velocity, u (m/s) K value
Flowrate, Q (m3/s) Pipe Dia., d (mH2O)
= 4Q
Q (LPM) ÷ 60000 (m) v2
d2 (K = h/hv )
2g

0.00083 0.0254 1.164 0.787 3.98

0.001 0.0254 1.97 1.822 9.21