RESEARCH METHOD (MGT648)

ASSIGNMENT 1 : LITERATURE ON DENGUE FEVER PREVENTION

PREPARED BY

NAME AND STUDENT ID : MUHAMAD NORAZMIL MOHAMAD 2019472062

MOKHTAR
: EFFANDI ABDULLAH 2019615314

FACULTY & : BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS.)

PROGRAMME HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
(BA243)
SEMESTER : ABA243 7A

PREPARED FOR
DR. MOHAMMAD NASIR BIN ABDULLAH

SUBMISSION DATE
29th OCTOBER 2022

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

JOURNAL 1.....................................................................................................3

JOURNAL 2.....................................................................................................6

JOURNAL 3.....................................................................................................9

JOURNAL 4...................................................................................................12

JOURNAL 5...................................................................................................14

JOURNAL 6...................................................................................................17

JOURNAL 7...................................................................................................19

JOURNAL 8...................................................................................................23

JOURNAL 9...................................................................................................27

JOURNAL 10.................................................................................................30

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 JOURNAL 5

Factors affecting dengue fever knowledge, attitudes and practices among selected urban,
semi-urban and rural communities in malaysia

Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai1,2, Kurubaran Ganasegeran1, Mohanad Rahman Alwan1 Mustafa
Ahmed Alshagga3 and Riyadh Saif-Ali4 1Department of Community Medicine, International Medical
School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor; 2Department of Community
Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur; 3Newcastle University Medicine
Malaysia, Nusajaya, Johor; 4Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University,
Sana’a, Yemen

DESCRIPTION ANSWER
What is dengue fever? Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection
found in most tropical and subtropical areas of the
world. The incidence of dengue has grown dramati-
cally in recent decades.
Prevalence of dengue fever in world, asian It was surprising to observe that although 97.7% of
countries, especially in tropical countries, and respondents in our study mentioned mosquito as a cause
Malaysia country of dengue, only 72.0% believed that this disease spreads
by mosquito bites. This finding was consistent with a
previous study conducted by Acharya et al (2005),
which observed that although 68.0% of respondents
mentioned mosquito bite as a cause of dengue, only
38.0% of them believed that the disease could spread by
mosquito bites..
What is knowledge levels among participants? Knowledge about dengue fever was assessed by 15
questions. Response options included ‘yes’ or ‘no’
and it included questions on dengue fever
transmission, vector, clinical manifestations, and
the management and control of dengue fever..

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What is attitude levels among participants?
What is practice levels among participants?
What is objective of study?
What is the sample sized used?
What is sampling technique used?
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The third part assessed attitudes towards dengue
fever prevention, such as the role of municipal
councils, health care staff, and the public towards
dengue control.
The fourth part addressed practices of dengue
prevention was assessed by 11 questions, and the
response options included ‘yes’ or ‘no’, and it
included questions, such as the use of mosquito
repellent, fogging, covering water tanks, and
community based activities.
This study aimed to assess factors affecting
knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding
dengue fever among a selected population in
Malaysia.
We added 5% of the calculated
sample size (14) to compensate for missing data or
non-responses (the sample size
became 303). Convenience sampling was
used to select the participants from the
three areas. Residents aged 18 years or
more and who lived for at least one year
in these localities were included in this
study. Respondents were approached at
shopping malls and major streets of the
selected residential areas.
The sampling method used in this study may be
imprecise; therefore, this may result in selection bias
because of a sample that was not representative of the
overall population.
 JOURNAL 6

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue fever among adults of high and low
socioeconomic groups

Madiha Syed, Aga Khan University, Taimur Saleem, Aga Khan University, Umme-Rubab Syeda,
Aga Khan University, Manal Habib, Aga Khan University, Rehan Zahid, Aga Khan University, Atif
Bashir, Aga Khan University, Madiha Rabbani, Aga Khan University, Madiha Khalid, Aga Khan
University, Asif Iqbal, Aga Khan University, Ehsen Zawwar Rao, Aga Khan University, Shujja-ur-
Rehman, Aga Khan University, Sarah Saleem, Aga Khan University

DESCRIPTION ANSWER
What is dengue fever? Dengue virus infection is a escalating health
problem throughout the world because of increasing
mortality and morbidity and is currently endemic in
over 100 countries.1,2
The rapid geographic expansion of both the virus
and the mosquito, regularity of epidemics, and the
increasing occurrence of Dengue Haemorrhagic
Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
are all causes for great concern;3 particularly for
Pakistan where an increased frequency of the
infection has been observed in recent years.

Prevalence of dengue fever in world, asian This study reports a slightly lower prevalence of
countries, especially in tropical countries, and knowledge scores which can probably be
Malaysia country attributed to the difference in the study setting. This
survey was conducted in the community setting
whereas the prior study focused on patients
encountered in two tertiary care
hospitals of Karachi.

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What is knowledge levels among participants?
What is attitude levels among participants?
What is practice levels among participants?
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The majority of the respondents in this study had
previously heard about dengue fever; the
distribution being similar in the high and low
socioeconomic groups (96.5%, 88%). A large
portion of the sample population could identify
the vector as a mosquito but little was known about
the species, breeding and feeding habits of this
vector.
The attitudes of the respondents were assessed
using a set of questions regarding perceptions of
severity of illness, need for treatment and
hospitalization, and responsibility of controlling
mosquito breeding. Seventy seven percent
respondents in the high socioeconomic group and
71.6% in the low socioeconomic group thought that
it is possible to eradicate mosquitoes that cause
dengue fever. Attitude towards the severity of the
disease in their respective areas was assessed using
an ordinal scale of 1 to 4 (1=not serious,
4=very severe).
The practices section of the questionnaire contained
questions that assessed the usage of preventive
interventions as well as a milieu conducive for
breeding of mosquitoes.
Among the people who reported the presence of
open water storage containers in or around their
house, people belonging to the high SES changed
the water in these items more
frequently than people of low SES (once a week
versus twice a month).
What is objective of study?
What is the sample sized used?
What is sampling technique used?
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To ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and practices
of selected adult population in Pakistan regarding
Dengue Fever.
A sample size of 440 adults (aged 18 years and
above) were interviewed using a pre-tested
questionnaire regarding their knowledge, attitude
and practices about dengue fever. A composite
scoring system, based on the answers given in the
questionnaire, was used to establish the level of
awareness in the population. The division of the
higher and lower socio-economic groups was based
on their
income and locality; both these variables were
determined as a part of our survey.
A cross sectional survey was conducted among selected
communities with different socio-economic backgrounds
in Karachi, Pakistan.
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 JOURNAL 7

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dengue virus infection among inhabitants of
Aceh, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Harapan Harapan, Yogambigai Rajamoorthy, Samsul Anwar, Aslam Bustamam, Arsil Radiansyah, Pradiba Angraini,
Riny Fasli, Salwiyadi Salwiyadi, Reza Akbar Bastian, Ade Oktiviyari, Imaduddin Akmal, Muhammad Iqbalamin,
Jamalul Adil, Fenni Henrizal, Darmayanti Darmayanti, Rovy Pratama, Abdul Malik Setiawan, Mudatsir Mudatsir,
Panji Fortuna Hadisoemarto, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Ulrich Kuch, David Alexander Groneberg, Allison Imrie,
Meghnath Dhimal and Ruth Müller.

DESCRIPTION ANSWER
What is dengue fever? Dengue fever (DF), caused by infection with any of
the four-dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, has
become the most important mosquito-borne viral
disease in humans. Dengue fever is associated with
significant morbidity, mortality, and economic cost,
particularly in developing
Countries.

Prevalence of dengue fever in world, asian The Indonesian region of Aceh was the area most
countries, especially in tropical countries, and severely affected by the earthquake and tsunami of
Malaysia country 26 December 2004. Department of Health data
reveal an upward trend of dengue cases in Aceh
since the events of the tsunami. Despite the
increasing incidence of dengue in the region, there
is limited understanding of
dengue among the general population of Aceh. The
aim of this study was to assess the knowledge,
attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding dengue
among the people of Aceh, Indonesia in order to
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 design intervention strategies for an effective
dengue prevention program.

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What is knowledge levels among participants?
What is attitude levels among participants?
What is practice levels among participants?
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A statistically significant difference in the mean
knowledge score was identified between regencies (P <
0.001). The highest mean knowledge score was achieved
in Sabang and the lowest in Aceh Tengah (Table 1). Out
of total participants, 280 of them (45.9%) had a good
knowledge level. Factors associated with good
knowledge were high education level, working as a civil
servant, unmarried status, high monthly income, high
SES and living in the city (P < 0.05). Age group, sex and
religion had no association with participants’ knowledge
(Table 2).
The average score of attitude regarding DF
significantly differed among regencies (P < 0.001).
The highest mean score of the attitude was obtained
in Aceh Timur and the
lowest in Langsa, 63.6 and 28.1, respectively (Table
1). Although more than 45% of the participants had
good knowledge, only 32.1% (196 participants) had
a good attitude regarding DF, and this was
associated with education, occupation, SES and a
personal history of DF (Table 3). As expected,
having personally experienced DF was associated
with approximately two times greater odds of
having good attitude compared to participants who
had not. In the final model, none of explanatory
variable was associated with
attitude towards DF (Table 3).
In this study, 32.0% (195) of the participants had
good DF prevention practices, a proportion similar
to that of participants who had good attitude
regarding DF. Factors correlated with prevention
practice were education, occupation, SES and type
 of residence (Table 4). Participants who had a
diploma degree or graduated from university were
nine times more likely to have good DF prevention
practice compared to those who were illiterate. In
addition, participants who worked as civil servants,
were employed in the private sector, were
entrepreneurs or students also had
higher odds of having good practice compared to
farmers.

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What is objective of study?
What is the sample sized used?
What is sampling technique used?
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Despite the increasing incidence of DF in Aceh
there has been no study to assess the knowledge,
attitude and practice (KAP) of Aceh communities
regarding DENV transmission and its prevention.
Therefore, the aim of the
present study was to assess and compare the KAP
among community groups in Aceh, in order to
design intervention strategies for an effective
dengue prevention program.
So far no data related to the KAP towards dengue in
Aceh have been available. Therefore, to calculate a
representative sample size for the Aceh population
(4,791,924), we assumed that 50% of participants
would
have good KAP regarding dengue. With a 5%
margin of error and 95% confidence level, 385
participants were required to achieve the minimum
recommended sample size. To recruit the samples,
seven out of 18 regencies
and two out of five municipalities in Aceh were
selected randomly. The minimum number of
participants from each study site was 45. To
minimize study design effect and to obtain more
robust statistical power, a minimum
of 60 participants were required from each study
site. However, for regencies with a high population
density, a higher number of participants was
allocated (i.e. additional 10% to 50% number of
participants was allocated
compared to the regency with the low population
density)
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the
 province of Aceh, which is located in the
westernmost region of the Indonesian archipelago
and has a surface area of 57,956 km2. In 2014,
Aceh had a total population of
4,791,924 in 18 regencies and 5 municipalities [8].
This study included localities in the southwestern
(from 0 to 25 m above sea level), central (~ 1200 m
above sea level) and northern (25 to 100 m above
sea level) regions of Aceh (Fig. 1). The study was
conducted in seven regencies (Aceh Tengah, Aceh
Besar, Aceh Utara, Aceh Singkil, Aceh Timur,
Aceh Selatan and Aceh Tamiang) and two
municipalities (Langsa and Sabang) of Aceh.

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