Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BOOST RECOVERY
BEST RACES
THIS MONTH p94
Prevent
Post-Run
HOW TO ENRICH Soreness
YOUR RUNS –
AND YOUR LIFE p48 LIVE LONGER
WITH TWO
Moves For WORKOUTS
PAIN-FREE A WEEK p11
Knees p17
The Secret To
EASY DIARY HACKS Spring Marathon
FOR BUSY ATHLETES Success
56
P H OTO G R A P H Y: JAC K AT K I N S O N / K N OWJAC K M E D I A . * S H OT AS PA R T O F M E R R E L L’ S
A THAI HIGH
T R A I L S O F E U R O P E P R O J E C T; M E R R E L L .CO M / U K / E N _G B/ T R A I L S- O F - E U R O P E
ON THE P11 Live Longer With Two P48 Find Your Joy How to enrich P71 Easy Diary Hacks For Busy
Workouts A Week Turns out your runs – and your life! Athletes Coach Cory has some
COVER you can be a weekend warrior great ideas for finding time to run
Photograph: P66 Prevent Post-Run Soreness
Alexis Berg P17 4 Moves For Pain-Free Knees Coach Tom Craggs on how to P78 Best Gear To Boost Recovery
Runner: Protect those precious joints defeat the dreaded DOMS Gadgets and top tech to get you
Titouan Galland*
ready for tomorrow’s session
P18 The Former Child Soldier Who P68 The Secret To Spring Marathon
Found Peace On The Run Now Success It’s all about building P94 14 Best Races This Month
Victor wants to help others a solid training foundation Events for every kind of runner
FIRST FOR
NEW GEAR
For news and reviews
on the latest shoes,
tech, apparel and
accessories, visit
runnersworld.com/uk.
72
Here’s what’s hot on
the site right now
ROOT TO SUCCESS
Hearty fare that
scrubs up well
REGULARS FEATURES
P06 Rave Run Schwangau, Germany P28 Follow The River Kieran Alger
Sc
frontman Leee John on the P36 Sacred Vow To save a mountain
The best running
importance of a running mantra that was holy to them, the
gloves to keep
Apache began to run
your hands
WARM-UPS toasty on those
P44 Block Capital We celebrate
challenging
the plant-based powerhouse
winter runs.
P09 The Mother Of All Runs that is tofu (recipes included)
Study shows women are hitting
PBs after having children P56 Thai And Mighty James Poole
heads to the roof of Thailand to
P13 Go-Faster Carbs The low-GI tackle the 168km DOI Inthanon
option is the way forward Don’t be alarmed
about losing pre-
race sleep, p15 COACH
P15 Tat’s Not A Problem Getting
ink won’t make you sweat less
P70 Ask Jo RW’s resident Olympian,
Jo Pavey, on gauging your fitness SUPPORT GROUP an
m e!
Sc
HUMAN RACE
P72 Winter Warmers Four delicious Our pick of sports
P20 Step By Step Green Runners root vegetable dishes bras to keep you
is a group that hopes to inspire comfortable as you
us all to do our bit for the planet P75 One Size Doesn’t Fit All Making clock up the miles,
sense of nutritional guidelines and how to choose
P21 Murphy’s Lore Sam finally the one for you.
embraces the darkness by That has the ring of
heading out for a night run
truth about it, p78 GEAR
P22 By The Numbers Rob P84 Shoe View We take a long look
Pope ran across Ireland at the Brooks Launch GTS 9
in under 24 hours
SCHWANGAU,
GERMANY
THE LOCATION
Offering views of the
fairy-tale castles of
Hohenschwangau and
Neuschwanstein (pictured
here), the 120 kilometres
of well-maintained and
breathtakingly beautiful
Alpine trails in Schwangau,
south-west Bavaria, are
a trail runner’s paradise.
THE RUN
Starting at the village of
Hohenschwangau, the trail
propels you steeply up the
spine of Tegelberg Kopf
mountain, with views down
to Neuschwanstein castle
and the surrounding
landscape. The descent
winds its way through the
Täfelessattel hiking area
on to wide pistes popular
with winter skiers, before
heading back through
Alpine meadows to the
start point, where a cold
pilsner awaits. Check out
the seven-mile route with
its challenging 826m of
ascent mapped out by
Merrell’s trail team as part
of their Trails of Europe
project at merrell.com/uk/
en_gb/toe-neuschwanstein.
RUNNER
Alex Dautel
PHOTOGRAPHER
Christoph Jorda
DECEMBER 2022 RUNNERSWORLD.COM/UK 007
Andy Dixon
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF EDITOR’S
EDITORIAL
JOE MACKIE Deputy Editor
RICK PEARSON Senior Editor
CONSUMER SALES & MARKETING
REID HOLLAND Chief Commercial Revenue Officer
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LETTER
BEN HOBSON Executive Editor, Digital JUSTINE BOUCHER Head of Subscriptions,
JENNY BOZON Deputy Digital Editor Marketing & Circulation IT'S EARLY AFTERNOON as
KATE CARTER Acting Commissioning Editor SEEMA KUMARI Digital Marketing & CRM Director I write this in the RW office,
and my mind is starting to
GROUP EDITORIAL PRODUCTION COMMUNICATIONS think about my lunchtime
CARLY LEVY Workflow Director BEN BOLTON Head of PR & Communications
VICTORIA RUDLAND Group Chief Sub Editor/ CALUM FORBES PR & Communications run. It’ll probably be along
Production Editor Manager, Health and Wellness my regular route – a five-mile
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KIRTEY VERMA Sub Editor
SHOWS & EVENTS up Constitution Hill, into Hyde
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Park, around the Serpentine and back. I’ve done it
ART Director hundreds of times before, but it never gets boring.
DECLAN FAHY Creative Director ALICE MATTHEWS Events Partnership Manager The light, the trees and the people are all different
WILL JACK Art Director CONNIE FFITCH Events Partnership Manager
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depending on the season. Today will be pale autumn
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PRODUCTION
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children paddling in the Diana fountain, escaping
SOPHIE BROWN Designer
FLORENCE OGRAM Designer HEARST MAGAZINES the heat of summer. I’ve done everything from
INTERNATIONAL hard marathon long runs to mellow meditative
JONATHAN WRIGHT President, Hearst
PICTURES miles and everything in between. The thought of
Magazines International
RACHAEL CLARK Photographic Director returning to this route, and others nearer home,
KIM ST CLAIR BODDEN SVP/Global Editorial
EMILY MURPHY Photographic Director
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& Brand Director time after time, was prompted by the fascinating
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RW INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS
SALLY PRICE Picture Researcher runners have a deep and meaningful connection to
Australia, China, France, Germany, Hungary,
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a little too late for him.
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Visit hearstmagazines.co.uk/managemyaccount to entire 1,800-mile length to tell the story of The
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Blue Wander on p28. Holy Mountain on p36.
WARM-UPS
The TIPS YOU NEED to GET UP to SPEED
Fruits
of your
labour
Why many women will run their
best marathon after having a kid
Concurrent
MUCK IN
Cram miles or
spread them out
training
Cardio and strength training
– you choose
are both crucial to faster, more
consistent running. Concurrent
training combines these two
elements (for example, a run
followed by a weights session),
but what order should you do
them in? It depends on your goals,
say the experts over at tonal.com.
Here’s a table to help you decide.
EXERCISE ORDER
BASED ON GOAL
Goal Sequence
Strength →
Strength
cardio
Cardio Cardio →
endurance strength
Cardio →
Power
strength
Focus on
General
exercise
fitness
you enjoy
What a
difference
In praise of the a day makes
WO R D S : R I C K P E A R S O N . P H OTO G R A P H Y: S T U D I O 33. I L L U S T R AT I O N : B E N M O U N S E Y-WO O D
Breakfast
Two poached eggs on
wholemeal toast
SHOE PASTRY?
Actually, it’s more
of a bread winner
Lunch
Chicken salad
Micromanagement Eight small steps to a total fuelling plan, courtesy of
sports nutritionist Nancy Clark (nancyclarkrd.com)
01. Acknowledge based meals on a which food and fluids 07. Ensure you drink
the power and regular schedule. you prefer to take in enough fluids.
importance of during exercise. Monitor your urine.
being well fuelled. 03. Create a feeding It should be light-
Snack
You will perform better plan that works 05. Good nutrition coloured and you
Peanut butter and banana
by eating well, avoiding during exercise. starts in the should be peeing every
diets and getting the A good target is 240 to supermarket. two to four hours.
right fuel for you. 360 calories of carbs You’ll eat better if you
per hour (60g to 90g have the right foods 08. Be flexible
02. Optimise your carbs per hour). ready and waiting for during events.
daily training diet. you at all times. Tastes change during
The goal is to fuel up 04. Practise your prolonged exercise.
before workouts and event-day fuelling. 06. Plan rest days. In a race, worry more
Dinner refuel afterwards by During training These also allow you about finishing than
Lentil and coconut curry eating carbohydrate- sessions, determine time to buy good food. getting ideal nutrition.
TAT’LL DO
Your skin
to that
Don’t sweat the tattoos
– they won’t make you
perspire less on the run
ALTHOUGH AN OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD
on first dates, our ability to
sweat is a fine thing. It’s one
Don’t
of the reasons we were once
able to run down our dinner:
lose
homo sapiens can cool
themselves on the move;
sleep
delicious deer cannot.
But such derring-do
over it
came before the advent By now, you probably
of the modern tattoo. know of the many
WO R D S : R I C K P E A R S O N . P H OTO G R A P H Y: G E T T Y I M AG E S ; S T U D I O 33. I L LU S T R AT I O N : S A M I S L A N D. * S O U R C E : B R I T I S H J O U R N A L O F S P O RT S M E D I C I N E
Breaking
patellar tendinopathy (pain exercises, recommended by physiotherapist
just below the kneecap) Luke Murray (physio-network.com).
news
Female ultrarunners more
likely to have bone injuries
According to a new study*,
which looked at people who
completed the 2022 Western
States 100-miler in California,
female ultrarunners are more
likely than male competitors
to suffer bone-related injuries.
The study looked at 123 runners
(83 men and 40 women, with
01/ ISOMETRIC LOADING 02/ ISOTONIC LOADING
a mean age of 46.2 and 41.8
An example of this is the well-known Try some squats and lunges. Do body-
respectively) and found that
wall sit exercise. See if you can do 2 mins. weight versions and then add weight.
women showed consistently
higher risks for bone-related
injuries. Here are three of
the areas discussed:
WO R D S : R I C K P E A R S O N . I L L U S T R AT I O N S : H A R V E Y S Y M O N S . P H OTO G R A P H Y: O L I V E R B U R S TO N ; K AT H RY N W I R S I N G .
Key
Female:
* S O U R C E S : C L I N I CAL J O U R NAL O F S P O RT S M E D I C I N E ; M E D I C I N E & S C I E N C E I N S P O RT S & E X E R C I S E
Male:
DISORDERED EATING
62.5%
03/ HEAVY AND MODERATE 04/ SLOW RESISTANCE TRAINING
44.5% RESISTANCE TRAINING With a chair behind you at knee height, squat
Leg press and leg extension machines are on one leg until your bum kisses the chair.
advised. Start with a moderate resistance. Return to the start. Do 10 reps on each leg.
LOW VITAMIN D
58%
HUMAN( )RACE
NEWS, VIEWS, TRENDS and ORDINARY RUNNERS doing EXTRAORDINARY THINGS
‘RUNNING
IS MY SAFE
PLACE’
The trauma of being a child soldier
leaves scars inside and out.
When Victor Macauley feels
overwhelmed, he runs
WO R D S : DAV I D S M Y T H
LIVING
ON THE
PLEDGE
An example of
a pledge by a
Green Runner
‘I pledge to
travel by land
SOCIAL
and sea, and
NT only by air if
MOVEME thegreenrunners.com and, for the cost necessary. I’ll
of £2.50, you can make a pledge. This walk, run or
can cover everything from reducing cycle instead
GREEN GIANTS
travel and/or meat consumption to of using the car,
repairing kit to maximise its lifespan. and use public
You’ll then have the chance to receive transport for
a Green Runners badge from ReRun long journeys.
How a community of runners is looking to Clothing, a company that specialise I’ll repair kit
to maximise
make our sport kinder on the planet in remaking old running kit, to wear
its lifespan. I’ll
proudly at your next race.
You’ll be in fine company. ‘I’ve reduce my meat
THE GREEN RUNNERS is a When it comes to kitting up, The stepped away from any ambassadorship consumption
community trying to make the Green Runners want to encourage for any company,’ says Paris, who was and spread the
planet fitter. Founded by a handful of people to repair, reuse and recycle. previously sponsored by Inov-8. ‘I word about
ultrarunners – including Jasmin Paris, ‘The most sustainable kit is the one raced the UTMB in August for The living a more
Damian Hall and Dan Lawson – it’s you’re wearing,’ says Darren Evans, Green Runners. That was a way of sustainable life.’
aiming to inspire runners from around another of the founders. ‘For example, maintaining independence. It’s
the world to make personal changes to you can repair any rips to the uppers difficult to be in the thick of it as a
help the environment. These are based of your trainers by using RockTape sponsored athlete and maintain that
WO R D S : R I C K P E A R S O N . P H OTO G R A P H Y: S A M H I L L ; S T UA R T M A R C H P H OTO G R A P H Y
around four pillars: how you move, kit and a glue called Fantastic Elastic. integrity. It was important for me to
up, eat and speak out. If we can reduce the overconsumption step away from it.’ Talk about living
‘How you move is about looking we’ve been guilty of in the past, it your values. But with an issue as
at how you travel to races,’ says Paris. will make a big difference.’ important as climate change, maybe
‘If the race is abroad, can you go by A lot of The Green Runners are we should all start voting with our feet.
means other than flying? On a local vegetarian or vegan, but they’re not
level, can you take public transport?’ asking that everyone who joins gives
thegreenrunners.com
To help with this, The Green Runners up meat and dairy. It’s about making
is encouraging race organisers to small changes, such as going meat-free
change start times of certain races to for a day or two a week. For Paris,
make them more accessible via public who was already vegetarian, it was
transport. If you do have to fly – as about reducing dairy. ‘I used to eat
Edinburgh-based Paris did when she a fair amount of cheese and milk,’
competed in the Barkley Marathons she says. ‘Just switching to oat milk
in Tennessee, US, earlier this year – almost halved my dairy consumption
you could look to offset it or make as I drink a lot of tea. The important
other compromises. ‘I didn’t apply for thing is to try to make some change
Hardrock 100 because I’d travelled to – make a pledge and make it
the Barkley Marathons and couldn’t meaningful so you stick with it.’
justify flying to the US twice in a Which brings us to the fourth
year,’ she says. pillar: speaking out. Visit the website,
HELLO DARKNESS,
MY NEW FRIEND
I’ve often struggled during the
winter months. It can feel as if each
day is a race against time – the barely
visible sun drawing a shallow arc
across the sky before giving way to
darkness once more. Night running
has taken away that imprisoned
feeling – extending the boundaries
of what’s possible.
THE There’s something deliciously
TAKEAWAY… subversive about it, too. Everyone
else is bathed in electric light and
Running in heat behind closed doors and you’re
the dark is an out there in the dark, treading the
acquired taste thin line between thrill and fright.
and a personal In The Living Mountain, an
decision; this ode to the Cairngorm mountains
column isn’t an in Scotland (written in the 1940s),
invitation to try author Nan Shepherd observes how
it. If you do, use walking in the dark can ‘reveal new
paths and trails knowledge’ about places we think
that you already we know. ‘It astonished me that
know and feel my memory was so much in the eye
hroughout our long, hot summer, I’d wait until the sun comfortable on and so little in the feet,’ she writes,
sank, exhausted by its own fury, before stepping outside to in daylight hours. on walking a familiar path at night
run. The air would be still and cooling, like boiled water Let someone and finding it anything but.
left in a pan. The road would feel tacky from the day’s heat, know where I’ve experienced the same thing.
the grass crunchy under my feet as I crossed the parched you’re going and I would have wagered that I could
and toasted fields. I would run as the sky turned from pink when you expect navigate these local trails with my
to orange and then to a stagey dark blue that illuminated to be back – or eyes closed, but one night, running
rather than extinguished my surroundings. It felt as if run with others. confidently towards a grey gap
the light – and summer itself – were endless. I always carry between black trees that I expected
I think of all this as I put on a high-vis gilet and head torch to venture out a head torch, to be a stile, I found myself at a
into the November night, creating clouds of breath and breaking the silence though I don’t barbed-wire fence instead and had to
with the swish of my jacket and the beat of my feet. always switch recalibrate my mental map. Another
I say night, but it’s only teatime, really. It just feels later with the sky so black it on. Nothing time, I almost stumbled upon a badger,
and the road so quiet, with cars garaged and curtains tightly pulled. A security beats a giving us both the shock of our lives.
light pings on as I steal along an alley between houses that gives way to fields. moonlight I’m never consciously aware of
I know this place intimately, but darkness transforms it into an enticingly shadow… the slight tension that accompanies
unfamiliar landscape. I move slowly while my eyes adjust – skirting the dense each night run until I feel it dissipate
pool of moon shadow cast by a mighty oak with an involuntary shiver. in the glow of the porch light. It’s as
I L L U S T R AT I O N : P I E TA R I P O S T I
The arrival of winter used to spell the end of trail running for me (save at if, each time, I’ve had to rediscover
weekends) until the clocks sprang forwards. But last winter, on a run that had whether I can handle the enveloping
begun in daylight, I ‘rode the dusk’, as naturalist Nick Baker has described it, darkness. Knowing that I can creates
witnessing day slowly melting into the pool of night. its own glow, which guides me on
Padding through the fields under a star-scattered sky wasn’t scary or through the winter months.
frustrating, as I’d anticipated, but meditative and empowering. Sure, I had to
slow down a little, but gradually, just as your eyes acclimatise – turning what
is initially blanket blackness into shades of grey – so does your mindset. sam-murphy.co.uk
ROB
POPE
44, LIVERPOOL, RAN ACROSS IRELAND IN A DAY
215km
PRE-RUN PINTS OF
GUINNESS – TWO
WHILE WATCHING
THE LIVERPOOL
GAME IN DUBLIN
THE NIGHT BEFORE,
ONE AT THE START
AT MONROE’S
IN GALWAY TOTAL DISTANCE COVERED
Number of minutes
Rob rested along the way.
‘I decided I just wanted
to keep on moving,’ he
said, and therefore did
10
BANANAS, WHICH
ROB SAYS IS HIS
203
U2 songs listened to along the
way. Rob played their entire
discography in chronological
most of his eating while ‘BANANA RECORD’ order. We can only hope he found
taking walking breaks FOR A SINGLE DAY what he was looking for in there FUNDS RAISED FOR THE WWF
woods, you’ll be fine.’ Off I go. I stay by the road, keeping a close eye on the trees. fear end? I need to do something.
I hear a rustling, a weird high-pitched clicking (bears sharpening their teeth?). Take control. I reach down, pick up
There’s a change in atmosphere as I stop; something wild is here. Then, in front a few rocks, take a breath and run.
of me, I see two chipmunks. I yelp and run on, almost breathless from panic.
My imagination is out of control. I watch too many films – The Revenant, that
one with Anthony Hopkins, the Werner Herzog documentary that ends with Paul is a stand-up comedian and co-host
the fella eaten by a bear. Then there’s that old joke that you don’t have to outrun of the Running Commentary podcast. His
the bear; you just have to outrun the people with you. I’m fairly convinced I can book 26.2 Miles To Happiness is out now
r
You
COMEBACK KING later, I finally made it a few
Having run for many years, weeks ago. My family
I have found that the most commissioned a medal for the
annoying thing is pedestrians occasion. With me all the way
who make stupid remarks. has been my monthly fix of
I know one runner who gave Runner’s World. I particularly
‘Very worn pair of Nike 4%. Almost ‘My London Marathon shoes.’
600 miles but I still get them out for Peter Edwards
some speedwork.’ Paul Jones
‘My new Brooks Ghost 14s! They ‘Vaporfly V1. Smashed every PB in
will take me round the Malaga half these last year. Just don’t have the
‘My shin splints and the
‘Being late for the start marathon in December.’ Julia David heart to get rid of them.’ Kevin Main
worry that I won’t be
of a race.’
able to run again.’
Clare Crocker
Susan McGeown
AN EVEN SPLIT A POSITIVE SPLIT
‘Has to be if a fart goes ‘Any running injury.’
wrong in the latter stages Praksha Swinnerton POLL
WO R D S : R I C K P E A R S O N . I L L U S T R AT I O N : L U K E W I L S O N
WHEN YOU
of a half/full marathon.’
*Based on a Twitter poll with 193 votes
Colin Goss
RAN YOUR
24%
‘I had knee surgery two
MARATHON
years ago and am scared
‘Unseen potholes. And it’ll go again when I run.’
46%
dogs. Both of which appear
out of nowhere with the
Jason Gardner
PB, DID 30%
potential to cause injuries.’
Frances Iwaschkin ‘Since I ran the Athens YOU RUN…
Marathon without stopping
or walking, I fear nothing!’
Savva Constantinou
A NEGATIVE SPLIT
to walk, let alone run, is a huge privilege. Graham and I never imagined that his
mesothelioma would spread to his brain and make walking just a few steps very
difficult. He was determined to stay active, however, and so even in the last few Lisa is the author of two bestselling
weeks of his life he would shuffle unsteadily along the pavement outside our running books, Running Made Easy
Croydon home clutching Nordic walking poles to stop him from falling over and and Your Pace or Mine? Her latest books
wearing a cycling helmet to protect against head injuries. – Travel Seekness and Travel Agents –
Graham’s experience is why I feel saddened when I hear a runner berating both contain chapters about running
themselves for not achieving a time they hoped for. While I understand the and have been released as audiobooks
E
IN 2008, I HAD
COFFEE WITH
TWO FRIENDS
IN VIENNA,
OVERLOOKING
THE MAJESTIC
DANUBE.
My Austrian friend joked to my Serbian
friend, ‘If I throw a message in a bottle into
the river, you can fish it out a week later
01
in Belgrade.’ That flippant remark became
the inspiration for a world-first run to
raise money for poverty-impacted children canoed, walked, even swum, but no runner
worldwide. I couldn’t shake the thought had conquered the Danube. It was a chance
of this mighty river flowing through a to write a piece of running history.
continent, connecting 10 countries, four Coming out of the pandemic during the
capital cities, millions of people and many summer of 2021, I set a date and route-
cultures. Searching for an epic running planned using the mapping tool Komoot.
challenge years later, I tapped, ‘How long is I hit the gym to get lean and strong; put in
the Danube?’ into Google. I got the answer, long, slow mileage and ran with a weighted
2,850km (1,771 miles), and did the maths. It vest to mimic the 10kg pack that would hold
would take a marathon a day for 67 days to everything I’d need to be self-sufficient.
run the length of Europe’s second-longest In reality, though, my ‘training’ started
river. Very ambitious, but not impossible. a decade earlier. Everything I’d done as
I’d done dozens of city marathons and a runner in the past 13 years gave me the
ultras, including the Marathon des Sables mental, physical and practical foundations
and a 100-miler, run 31 half marathons in for a run of this magnitude.
31 days and also covered the Thames from During my preparation, I ran seven
source to sea – 190 miles – in three days. marathons in seven days to see how my body
I wanted an adventure further outside my would handle the strain. Surviving that gave
comfort zone and loved the idea of running me confidence. But it’s one thing running
through so many countries with so much locally with home comforts to sustain you.
history and so many stories to tell. I’d visited It’s another covering 10 times the distance
many places on the Danube, so I could also solo across Europe, carrying all your gear
connect some dots from my past. It felt and navigating unfamiliar environments
magical, romantic, powerful and personal. while finding places to eat, sleep and recover.
The Danube is popular for boat cruises I had no idea how my body would cope and
and cycle tourists, with well-established feared early injury would send me home with
infrastructure on large stretches, including my tail between my legs. So I made getting
a mapped EuroVelo cycling route roughly to the start my first measure of success.
following its course. That eased the logistics Whatever happened after that was a bonus.
of navigation, camping, accommodation and Framing it like this relieved some pressure.
finding food and water. What sealed the deal, But there were other pressures: leaving
though, was that I couldn’t find a record of my wife as breadwinner and sole parent
04
anyone running the river before. It had been meant my window was narrow. I left home
DAYS, I RUN
from the Danube’s source in Friar’s Balsam to clean them.
Germany to Romania, where I plaster my enraged heels,
wrap the pesky toe and hope.
INTO THE
it meets the Black Sea, but
with less established routes, It pays off. After a week,
aggressive stray dogs and everything dries out, toughens
long distances between
potential campsites, Romania UNKNOWN’ up and settles down. The body
recalibrates, accepting that
moving 20 to 40 miles a day is the new
would be the toughest section. So, I flipped
the route to run upstream from sea to source, normal. The blisters don’t return.
starting in Romania and Bulgaria, and It takes two and a half weeks to cross
01/ Plodding the lonely
saving the ‘easier’ Austrian and German Romania and Bulgaria. I run a mixture of
roads of Bulgaria, pepper stages for my exhausted later miles. That wild, remote dyke trails and busy main
spray and dog audio quickly proved a smart decision… roads, rarely seeing the river, which is either
deterrent at the ready far from the road or hidden by trees. Any
02/ Armies of
glimpse of the glistening waters is a treat.
sunflowers in the Mad dogs and an
P H OTO G R A P H Y: D I M I TA R T Z A N KOV
chased often, attacked seriously twice A runner reborn sign to show you’re
following the right river
and narrowly avoid being bitten. SERBIA AND CROATIA: 410 MILES, 15 DAYS 08/ Some river path
It’s mentally and emotionally draining I enter Serbia tense, hopeful that the worst art putting a brave
and I wonder if this is how women often feel of the dogs are now behind me. At the border, face on it
running alone. The danger also forces me I’m met by Bojan, who owns a camping refuge
to ditch wild camping for the sanctuary of in the town of Negotin, and Igor, a local
hostels, guest houses, cheap hotels and restaurant owner and fellow Marathon des
rooms offered by friendly locals. Sables finisher. They’ve come to accompany
Dimitar is used to the threat and calms me on bikes back to Bojan’s Base Camp for
my nerves. Eventually, with his support, Adventurers. En route, Igor and I share
after 17 days and 500 miles, I reach the desert tales over pizza and coffee in his
07
Austria Budapest
Hungary
Romania
SOURCE Belgrade
The Donauquelle
in Donaueschingen, Croatia
Germany where
the Danube rises Serbia SEA
The Black Sea at
Sulina, Danube
Delta, Romania
Bulgaria
08
Saucony Endorphin
Speed 3
£165, saucony.com
I ran the first 860 miles in the
Endorphin Speed 2 before
swapping to the Speed 3, using
two pairs over the next 638 and
372 miles. They provided the
perfect balance
06
of cushioning,
protection and
response.
steady, controlled’ and that ‘I am strong
enough and I have everything I need’.
At the end of one longer stage along harsh Instinct XX 20-24L
tarmac, I can barely put my foot on the floor. £219.95, xmiles.co.uk
This multi-day ultra pack’s
Each step burns but I dig deep, knowing
compartments made it easy
every mile moves me closer to my family. to stash and access essential
And by the time I get to hug them in a small kit. The vest-style harness
town 100 miles from Belgrade, I’m already and triple chest
a different runner. Freer, more relaxed, more straps created
confident and in control. With my family by a bounce-free fit
my side, the journey to Belgrade is easier. that made me feel
Reaching the first of the four capitals is also I was carrying
a huge milestone. Though, when I plod on to less weight.
the city streets after three weeks in the wild,
I feel out of place, ill-equipped for urban life. Cimalp Aoste
Belgrade is also where my family leaves French H Shorts
restaurant. It’s a first taste of the incredible me. And I’m not ready for that. I’m in bits as £64.90, cimalp.co.uk
hospitality I encounter across Serbia. I hug my son goodbye in front of the gleaming These brilliantly comfortable
At Bojan’s Base Camp, I meet cyclists dome of St Sava Church. That day, I run the trail shorts come with
built-in base-layer shorts,
who warn me that the dogs in Serbia are final 20 of 38 miles in 41°C. It’s the toughest
an integrated
still pretty bad. I call my wife to tell her day yet, but surviving it makes me stronger. storage belt with
I want to quit. She books flights to meet me I know I won’t face many tougher. four stretch mesh
in five days with my son and crew me into By the time I cross into Croatia, I’m well pockets plus two
Belgrade. It’s enough to keep me moving. recovered. Croatia feels much like Serbia big zippered
Serbia serves up the most spectacular with gleaming churches, brilliant bakeries on-thigh pockets.
scenery I’ve experienced yet, with trails and dogs mainly behind gates. There are just
right on the river and mind-blowing views a lot more hills. I clock more elevation in 2Toms Sportshield
through the famous Iron Gates – a two days than I did in the whole of Romania, £14.95,
spectacular gorge in the Djerdap National but somehow it’s a pleasant gear change. ultramarathonrunningstore.com
Park where the Danube shrinks to its Crossing back into Serbia, I’m greeted by Unwashed kit increases chafe
narrowest but deepest. As the scenery Milos, a 17-year-old runner who’s offered his risk – a nightmare on multi-
improves, the dog threat diminishes. I run support on social media. Milos becomes my day runs. This single
application, silicone-
lots of main roads, battling cars and trucks, local guide, his family take me into their
based 2Toms sportshield
but for the first time I start to relax. home, feed me, wash my kit and give me roll-on was the easiest,
All the tendons in my lower limbs take somewhere to sleep. It’s another example most effective,
it in turns to grumble. I ease my pace and of the unbelievable generosity of the Serbian lightweight and portable
nine times out of 10 the niggles pass. My people that means I leave this beautiful way to keep my soft
mantras on loop remind me to run ‘sensible, country a runner reborn. bits protected. E
DESTINED
another five. Adam calls his number of touring ebikers
physio, who advises a day’s swells. Signposted routes,
perfect cyle paths and tourist
TO FINISH
rest. Failing that, he suggests
breaking my runs into shorter infrastructure make
chunks with bigger breaks, to everything feel more familiar
let the muscle recuperate.
I choose the latter. THIS’ and tame. In Romania,
Bulgaria and Serbia, I’d flag
The following day, I cautiously move 10 down rare passing cycle tourists for some
miles, take a 30-minute break, then another human interaction. That camaraderie is
10 miles. After 25 miles along deserted dyke gone. There are still few runners outside FUEL STEAM AHEAD
roads, a cyclist appears out of nowhere, pulls the cities, but I’m just one of many
With space and weight at
alongside and says my name. Marian tells me Danube adventurers.
he’s been following my journey online and In the 60 miles from Bratislava to Vienna, a premium, I selected a
has cycled from Bratislava to offer support. I run through pristine rural towns and handful of fuelling essentials
His backpack is full of foods he’s seen me picture-perfect villages. Rising green hills to power my runs and
eat over the past month. I’m blown away. and rolling farmland replace the flatlands recovery. I collected regular
For the next two days, Marian crews of the dykes. I’m finally running the routes
resupply packages, but
Adam and me. It’s a game changer. I’m able I pictured back in London and there’s a sense
to run without my pack, break down the everything will be easier now. But a poorly also relied on what I could
planned distances into more even chunks planned route into the final big city, Vienna, find – water, fruit, juice,
and, crucially, stop the moment my quad sends me on to busy dual carriageways and pastries – in local shops
33fuel Elite Meal 33fuel Ultimate Daily Precision Hydration PF 30 Chews Veloforte
Replacement Shakes Greens + Amino 1000 and 1500 £7.49, Recovery Shakes
£26.99, 33fuel.com Work Capacity Electrolyte Tabs precisionhydration.com £19.54 for 10,
My go-to pre-run Advanced Formula £8.99, With 30g of carbs veloforte.com
breakfast was a 70g shake £29.99, 33fuel.com; £39, precisionhydration.com in a tiny two-chew Packing the optimum 3:1
packed with good fats, prpsupplements.co.uk Running in 25°C+ requires pack, these running carbs-to-protein ratio, plus
protein and carbs from 33 I supplemented smart hydration. I used belt-friendly cubes BCAAs to support muscle
superfood ingredients, my morning Precision’s 1500 offer a great recovery,
including shake with a strength energy-to- these were
blueberries, powdered mix electrolyte tabs space-and- the basis of
almonds, of supergreens before and after weight ratio. my post-run
walnuts, and full-chain running, and And they don’t nutrition.
chia and amino acids to 1000 strength squash or melt They taste
flax seeds. aid muscle repair. tabs on the run. in the heat. great, too.
W H E N T H E VAT I C A N
WA N T E D T O B U I L D
A N O B S E R VAT O R Y
ON SACRED LAND,
TRIBAL MEMBERS
PROTESTED BY
TA P P I N G I N T O
AN ANCIENT
TRADITION: THEY
S TA R T E D T O R U N
WORDS:
ANNET TE
McGIVNEY
MOUNT GRAHAM IS A MASS OF ROCK AND The resolution was sent to the Catholic Church and the
US Forest Service. The project moved forwards anyway.
This is how things had nearly always played out for the
FOREST RISING FROM ARIZONA’S DESERT Apache since European immigrants began colonising their
territory. The colonisers would behave as if they were
FLOOR AND REACHING MORE THAN A MILE entitled to anywhere they decided had value, whether it was
for minerals or timber or water. Now they wanted the sacred
Baase prove a point or achieve a physical feat, but because social structure of the Apache people evolved around
Pike and running was the only way to tap into the physical and territorial bands that occupied defined areas where they
Wendsler
spiritual power that defined the Apache before they were foraged for seasonal plants and wild game, and farmed
Nosie on the
San Carlos exiled from so much of their homeland. native crops such as corn and squash. The bands were
reservation further divided into extended family groups that often lived
in February miles apart from each other.
2022. Their
The Nosie family and most other members of today’s
arm gestures
are a symbol Following in the footsteps San Carlos tribe are descended from a handful of bands
of support Nosie would go on to become tribal chairman of the San collectively called Western Apache, along with a smaller
for Apache Carlos reservation and he continued to run in the years after number of members who are descended from Yavapai
Stronghold
his first journey up Dzil Nchaa Si’an, every step connecting and Chiricahua Apache bands. The traditional homeland
and the fight
to protect him physically and spiritually to the territory of his of these Apache spanned more than 17,000 square miles,
Oak Flat, ancestors. Unlike the flat desert tableland where most San stretching from northern Mexico into upland portions of
another site Carlos people lived, the original home of Nosie’s ancestors is central and eastern Arizona. Running was one crucial way
sacred to the
a rippling landscape of rugged mountain rock, deep canyons that the Apache stayed in contact with their relatives.
Apache
and hidden springs. Young men were trained to be superior distance runners and
Sometimes Nosie would run with his brother Tommy and would often cover 80 to 100 miles a day delivering
sometimes with his children. But often he was alone, essential information about matters such as food, threats,
accompanied only by the spirits that animate the Apache and tribal ceremonies. Consequently, every Apache band
belief system, where humans and the environment are one. made it a priority to ensure that they had elite runners in
The Apache word for land, ‘ni’, is also the word for mind. their communities.
‘It helps you understand how God created the world,’ ‘[It] was one of the first things taught to us,’ says Ramon
Nosie says about how those early runs shaped him, referring Riley, a member of the White Mountain Apache tribe and its
to ‘Usen’, the Apache word for creator. As he travelled across longtime cultural resource director. Children were told to
vast mountainous terrain, he also learned what it meant to run up a mountain and back with a mouthful of water. ‘If you
be truly free, as his ancestors had been. The traditional swallowed that water, that meant you needed a lot of E
land to miners, loggers and Mormon settlers. Mount Graham, is finally able to choose [the Apache way], but it may be Running
has helped
which had been part of the reservation, was handed over to too late to go back to the things we used to practise.’ generations
the Forest Service; it was then heavily logged and thoroughly It is as if the Apache living on the reservations today of the Nosie
plumbed to deliver water to non-Apache communities. are still captive. But Nosie wants his fellow tribal family and
By 1897, after the Apache wars were over, the US members to know that they can literally run off the other tribal
members
government allowed those confined to Camp San Carlos to reservation if they choose to do so. They can transcend connect to a
relocate to Arizona reservations. The Western Apache were the barbed wire of historical trauma and reach Apache lost identity.
consolidated by the government into three recognised holy places. It is what Nosie calls ‘going home’. Above, two
tribes, with reservations in eastern and central Arizona: San of Nosie’s
grand-
Carlos Apache, White Mountain Apache and Yavapai daughters,
Apache, all of whom descended from those confined at Wendslyn
Camp San Carlos. Strong bonds Hooke
The confinement has had lasting effects. Stevens, who Vanessa Nosie remembers what it was like growing up in (eight), left,
and Naelyn
has lived his entire life on the San Carlos reservation, says it a family of runners. Now 42, she is Nosie’s eldest daughter. Pike (22), run
changed the Apache people and the trauma his ancestors In the late afternoon, when the desert heat finally together at
experienced is still evident today. ‘Diabetes is rampant, so is subsided, the extended family would set out together on San Carlos
alcoholism,’ he says. ‘Drug use is getting worse. Suicide rates the dusty dirt roads, over sandy hills covered with prickly in February
are high.’ He also worries about the loss of the Apache pear and creosote bushes. When people saw the group
language: nearly everyone in his grandparents’ generation cresting a hill on foot, they would joke that the family
spoke fluent Apache, but among his grandchildren’s looked like a herd of deer.
generation, he says, it is less than 1%. ‘There were teachings in those runs about our history,
Stevens is involved in a language preservation our people,’ she says. ‘It tied us to our ancestors who gave
programme for the San Carlos Apache tribe, which he says is the same teachings to their kids.’
central to perpetuating the culture. Because of the Nosie attributes his family’s emphasis on running to
restrictions placed on them, ‘my parents’ and grandparents’ his mother, Elvera Nosie, who wanted to reclaim her
generations had it the hardest’, says Stevens. ‘My generation Apache traditions and pass them on to her children. When E
Spiritual path
There is a big difference between what is required for
running up Mount Graham with a western world view
versus running up Dzil Nchaa Si’an the Apache way. ‘One Wendsler ability to practise their religion. Unlike the Mount Graham
thing I’ve learned about going to Mount Graham is you have Nosie’s fight, however, this one was supported by Christian
grand-
to be ready,’ says Metzger. ‘I haven’t always been ready in my daughter
organisations that endorse Apache Stronghold’s quest to
heart and my mind. That’s something you can’t train.’ Baase Pike have Native American spirituality treated the same as other
The relay, which covers the 100 miles from the historic runs across religious traditions. Law students from the Catholic University
site of old San Carlos to the top of Dzil Nchaa Si’an, is not a a bridge into of Notre Dame in Indiana submitted legal arguments to the
San Carlos
race. It’s a communal ritual, with runners riding in a pickup during this
courts in support of the Apache’s right to religious liberty.
truck waiting their turn to carry an eagle feather staff up a year’s Run to Students from Brophy College Preparatory, a Jesuit high
steep, switchbacking road. A sweat lodge is often held the Oak Flat on school in Phoenix, Arizona, ran 188 miles to Oak Flat in
day before the run. Prayers are said nearly continuously. 22 February February 2022 to raise awareness. Apache Stronghold also
‘We didn’t stop all the telescopes on Mount Graham,’ holds annual March runs from San Carlos to Oak Flat.
says Metzger. ‘But it is the most beautiful victory to see Despite that, on 24 June 2022, the Ninth Circuit Court of
generations of Apache since 1988 growing and coming back Appeals ruled that while Chí’chil Bildagoteel is ‘sacred
to it every year in bigger numbers.’ ground’, tribal beliefs are not ‘sufficient to overturn the land
The cultural implications have been significant. In 2013, swap’. Apache Stronghold is planning to appeal to the US
Vanessa Nosie’s daughter Naelyn held her coming-of-age Supreme Court.
ceremony in a meadow high on Dzil Nchaa Si’an. It was the Nosie, who is now 62, sits at a picnic table at Oak Flat
first time the ceremony had taken place on Mount Graham campground with his brother Tommy (67), his daughter
in more than 150 years. The ritual requires the girl to run Vanessa and granddaughters Naelyn (22) and Baase (17).
every morning for four days. ‘When I think about running Nosie recalls passing the campground while travelling with
Mount Graham, I imagine my ancestors running behind me,’ his mother as a boy: ‘My mother used to stop here at Oak Flat
says Naelyn, who ran 10 miles each day. ‘It was as if their real quick to pick up acorns and to pray.’
spirits were with me because they wanted to go home, too.’ Times are different now. The younger generation of
On a crisp afternoon in October 2021, three generations Apache are not afraid of the colonisers. The Mount Graham
of Nosies sit under a centuries-old oak tree at a place Wendsler Sacred Run and the Oak Flat fight have broken barriers for
Nosie calls the holy ground. It’s the site of the latest, and them, says Nosie, pointing to Naelyn and Baase. Running has
arguably the biggest, Apache battle of the 21st century. brought us back to who we were before the reservation, he says.
Chí’chil Bildagoteel, or Oak Flat, with its grove of ancient In November 2019, Nosie decided to relocate from the
emory oak trees, is sacred to the Apache, a place where their San Carlos reservation to his ancestral home at Oak Flat. He
ancestors performed ceremonies and gathered food and would live at the campground to protect the sacred site. And
medicinal plants. But the land is also the site of one of the he would get there on foot. His granddaughter Baase, then
largest untapped copper ore deposits in the world. In 2014, 15 and a member of her high school cross-country team,
the US government agreed to turn over Oak Flat to an insisted on running with him. Nosie says he never would
international mining conglomerate as part of a land swap. have made it without her.
The Nosies and other Apache activists have been waging It was a three-day, 40-plus-mile journey. They ran
a war to stop the mine. Through an organisation they founded through sleet and camped in snow. They stopped at each
called Apache Stronghold, they filed a lawsuit against the spiritual corridor to pray and ask for permission to proceed.
Forest Service. As with the lawsuit over Mount Graham, The saguaro told the agave they were coming. The agave told
Apache Stronghold maintains that having the sacred Chí’chil the juniper. And the juniper told the ancient emory oak. It had
Bildagoteel obliterated by a mine is an infringement of their been a long time since Apache had lived under that tree.
Tofu is a plant-based
powerhouse packed with
protein to boost recovery,
plus nutrients to aid energy
production and strengthen
bones. Here’s how to prep it
01
Chocolate-
sesame
pudding
TOTAL: 11⁄2 HRS
SERVES: 4
INGREDIENTS
• 140g Medjool dates, pitted
• 450g silken tofu, drained
• 2 tsp vanilla extract
• 80g tahini
• 30g unsweetened
cocoa powder
• 1 tsp sesame seeds,
toasted
• 1½ tsp cacao nibs
MAKE IT
1 / Microwave the dates until
warm (about 30 secs), and
place in a blender. Add half
the tofu along with the
vanilla extract and 1⁄4 tsp salt.
Puree, scraping down the
sides as necessary, until
the mixture is as smooth
as possible.
2 / Add the tahini, cocoa
powder and remaining tofu,
then puree until everything
is incorporated.
3 / Now divide the mixture
between four small ramekins
or bowls, jiggling slightly if
you prefer a smooth surface.
Refrigerate until set, about
1 to 1½ hours. 02
• 450g mixed cherry 3 / Halve your tofu into
4 / Top with sesame seeds
tomatoes, halved triangles. Dip each slice
and cacao nibs just before
you’re ready to serve.
Crispy • 70g watercress in the flour first, then in the
parmesan MAKE IT
egg (let the excess drip off)
and then in the parmesan,
tofu cutlets 1 / Heat the oven to 200°C. pressing it gently. Place
Cut the tofu into 8 slices (1cm your triangles on the baking
TOTAL: 45 MINS
Creamy and thick). Place on a chopping sheet (add the remaining
SERVES: 4
dreamy board between paper towels; parmesan to the bowl as
Silken tofu boasts a, well, INGREDIENTS top with a baking tray and needed). Roast until
silky texture, plus a high • 400g extra-firm tofu, large cans. Leave for 10 mins. golden-brown, about
moisture content, so it doubles drained 2 / Line a baking tray with 12 to 18 mins per side.
well for dairy in many a vegan • 2 tbsp olive oil parchment and rub with 4 / Whisk together the
dessert. To prep, avoid
• 2 large eggs 1 tbsp oil. In a shallow bowl, lemon juice, the remaining
pressing – it’s fragile and will
• 3 garlic cloves, grated whisk together the eggs, oil and garlic, and ½ tsp
fall apart. Instead, scoop
or cut into cubes. • 75g parmesan, grated 2 grated garlic cloves and salt and pepper. Toss with
• 30g plain flour ½ tsp salt and pepper. Put the basil and tomatoes.
• 1½ tbsp lemon juice half of the parmesan in a Just before serving, add
• 10g basil, roughly second shallow bowl and the watercress, then plate
chopped the flour in a third bowl. up with your tofu cutlets. E
04
‘French
toast’ with
raspberries
and almonds
TOTAL: 51⁄2 HRS
SERVES: 6
INGREDIENTS
• 800g firm tofu, drained,
sliced about 1cm thick
• 4 large eggs
• 11⁄2 tsp almond extract
• 60g sliced almonds
• 165ml maple syrup
• 2 tsp ghee or butter
• 450g raspberries, to serve
MAKE IT
1 / Freeze the tofu on
a parchment-lined baking
tray until solid (at least
3 hrs or overnight).
Hybrid hero 2 / To defrost, leave at
Extra-firm silken tofu has room temperature until fully
a lower moisture content
thawed, about 1½ hrs. Drain
than other silken varieties
and holds its shape better excess liquid and squeeze
when cut (just like those each piece to extract as
tender cubes in your miso much liquid as possible,
soup). It’s a prime pick. then pat dry.
3 / In a shallow bowl, whisk
together the eggs, 1⁄4 tsp
salt and 1 tsp almond
extract. Transfer the
mixture to a large baking
tray. Add the tofu and flip
to coat. Put in the fridge
for 15 mins per side.
03 • 3 tbsp reduced-salt 3 / In a bowl, toss the 4 / Heat the oven to 180°C.
soya sauce cucumber, vinegar and Spread the almonds on
Sticky tofu • 1⁄2 tbsp dark brown sugar
• 1⁄2 tsp chilli-garlic sauce
1⁄4 tsp salt. Set aside.
4 / In a medium bowl, toss
a baking tray and bake
until golden-brown, about
bowl • Sliced spring onions, the mushrooms with the 5 to 7 mins.
sesame seeds and remaining 2 tbsp oil, scatter 5 / Lower the oven heat
TOTAL: 25 MINS
coriander, to serve over the tofu, then gently to 90°C. Mix the maple
SERVES: 4
mix everything to combine. syrup with the remaining
INGREDIENTS MAKE IT Roast until golden-brown almond extract.
• 190g rice 1 / Heat the oven to 230°C. and crisp, about 8 to 10 6 / Place a large non-stick
• 340g extra-firm Cook the rice according mins more. frying pan on a medium-high
silken tofu to the packet instructions. 5 / In the same bowl, whisk heat. Add 1 tsp ghee, then
• 4 tbsp oil 2 / Gently pat the tofu together the soya sauce, half the tofu. Cook for about
• 1 tsp Chinese five-spice dry with kitchen roll. On sugar and chilli-garlic sauce. 3 mins per side, adjusting
powder a lined baking tray, break Pour over the tofu mixture; the heat as necessary,
• 1 small cucumber, the tofu into small pieces. roast for 2 mins more. then transfer to the oven
thinly sliced Drizzle with 2 tbsp oil, then 6 / Serve the tofu and to keep warm. Repeat
• 11⁄2 tbsp rice vinegar season with the five-spice mushrooms over the rice, with the remaining ghee
• 230g shiitake mushrooms, powder and 1⁄4 tsp salt. along with the cucumber, and tofu. Serve with the
stemmed and cut into Toss to combine. Arrange spring onions, sesame maple syrup mixture,
1⁄2cm pieces evenly and roast for 10 mins. seeds and coriander. almonds and raspberries.
PRO Pressing
Place your tofu block on
Freezing
Cut the tofu as needed, then
PREP
For extra-crisp
a chopping board between
paper towels. Top with a
toss into an airtight container
and freeze. The water inside
baking tray and a few cans. turns to ice crystals, resulting
tofu, remove
Leave for at least 10 minutes in a sponge-like structure.
as much water
to remove excess moisture. Once thawed and gently
as possible. Here
are two methods Then cut the tofu into cubes squeezed, you’ll be left with
to master or slices for a crunchy texture a sturdier piece that’s primed
once cooked. to absorb sauces.
E
JUST SEE
interactive connection with the
environment that motivates movement
WITH OUR
and enrichens the experience. ‘On our
regular routes, we get to know every
EYES, BUT
stone or root on the path, creating a kind
of attachment to place,’ she says. It’s
something she’s experienced herself as a
WITH OUR runner. ‘Near my home, there’s a patch of
grass that is particularly mossy and spongy.
WHOLE I love the three or four strides that it takes
me to run across it.’
BODIES’ Given that feet are our sole (pun intended)
contact with the earth when we run, it’s no
surprise that they turn into something of
a primary sensory organ – as discerning
of the experience as our eyes and ears.
My feet seek out pleasure on rabbit-
cropped grass, on pillows of fallen leaves
and loamy trail. They prefer tarmac to
concrete (the former being a little more
yielding, the latter providing a metallic
bounce). They are frustrated by hidden
holes, deeply rutted tracks and slicks of
mud that skew ankles and interrupt flow.
They respond to every nuance in texture,
traction and undulation.
‘Anyone moving through the landscape
is having a conversation with the terrain,’
says Dr Brown. ‘You change the intensity
of the relationship through pace, gradient
and roughness of surface.’
MOTION AS THERAPY
WHEN PEOPLE TALK ABOUT the mental
health benefits of exercise, it’s often
about low-key activities, such as
walking, which allow the mind to
wander and ponder. But when I’m
dancing over tree roots or tackling
a slippery descent, what I’m not doing
is thinking about spreadsheets
or nursing homes or climate change.
‘This is why it’s therapeutic,’ explains
Dr Brown. ‘When we’re so deeply
engaged with the terrain, we can’t
think about the other stuff.’ In this
way, the landscape becomes more than
a backdrop to running; it is woven into
the experience itself, connecting us
to where we run in a unique way.
‘I like to think of running
with places, not through them,’
says Dr Cook. ‘Running can’t be
accomplished without place. Not only
because we need a surface to push off
from, but because the run is affected by
the environment it takes place in.’
We don’t often think about what makes
us choose one route over another. We just E
IMMERSE YOURSELF
PROFESSOR PRETTY POINTS OUT that any
movement – from tai chi to dancing –
can yield benefits. But I’d argue that
there’s something special about
running. Its physicality demands
your attention; there’s no drifting
off into daydreams or scrolling
through your phone – it’s too
visceral for that. The very
contact with the earth is
attention-grabbing – a
metronomic collision with
the ground at a force equal
to three times your body
weight is hard to ignore.
‘I’m attracted to running
because it reminds me
there is a physical body here,
with limits, and it’s good to
test them sometimes,’ says Dr Cook.
Also, running is the purest, most
unencumbered way to move through
an environment. Your clothing is light,
you carry nothing – no flask of tea, no
binoculars, no rucksack or just-in-case
raincoat. You are fully immersed in
the act of responding to the spaces
and places you pass through.
This kind of immersive, sensory
running, however, does require a certain
approach and mindset. If you clamp on
a pair of headphones, often look at your
phone or have your eyes permanently glued
to your minutes per mile, you close yourself
off to the opportunities and experiences
the run offers. Even green exercise can
be rendered mindless if it's performed
without attention and awareness. It’s what E
WITH THE
into your body – and where that might
a role. A recent of the two, combine
lead – these expert tips will help you
German study the distance-
PLACES WE
develop a psychojographer’s mindset
found that walking, running body
enjoyable as it can with the distance-
Go green
be, does not meet
the minimum RUN THROUGH’ running mind,
making such
‘Urban environments require
too much attention,’ believes
threshold of experiences fully
Cregan-Reid. In natural environments,
intensity required embodied,’ he
we experience ‘soft fascination’, a form of
to trigger such euphoria. writes. This embodiment is what elevates
undirected attention that requires no effort
something that can appear mundane and
and is mentally rejuvenating. Any green
repetitive to outsiders to something we feel
space has merit – from a park or forest
to be far greater and more meaningful.
trail to a towpath or the countryside.
TIME AND PLACE Becoming more attuned to your
UNPICKING THESE interrelationships environment and feeling more connected
Follow your nose
between body and mind, memory to it isn’t just good for you; it’s good for the
‘Let your internal compass
and place has led me to contemplate that environment, too. ‘When we run, we form
guide you,’ advises Dr Cook.
every time we break into a run, we are an emotional connection with the places we
‘Be attentive to what your body knows. You
connecting not just to who we are but to run through – which makes us more likely
might want to reflect on why you chose a
who our ancestors were. to care about them. That, in turn, increases
route and what it says about your link to a
I was amazed to find this observation the likelihood of those places surviving,’
place – or you might just go with the flow.’
in one of the earliest popular texts on says Cregan-Reid.
running, by Jim Fixx (the butt of many Studies show that what’s known as
Pay close attention
jokes, as he died of a heart attack after ‘nature connectedness’ – an individual’s
Focusing on your senses can put
endorsing lacing up your trainers in sense of connection and kinship with the
you in the right frame of mind for
midlife). In the conclusion to his 1977 rest of the natural world – drives greater
an attentive run, says Professor Pretty. Try
bestseller, The Complete Book of environmental awareness, making you
his ‘10-sounds meditation’: Stand still, close
Running, he wrote: ‘As runners, I think about the choices you make in every
your eyes, listen and count 10 sounds in
think we reach directly back along area of your life and how they affect nature
your environment. ‘You don’t have to know
the endless chain of history. […] and the environment. Timely, when you
exactly what they are – you aren’t judging,
We are reasserting, as modern consider that the planet is under such threat
just noticing, creating a sound map of
man seldom does, our kinship from climate change and biodiversity loss.
where you are,’ says Professor Pretty.
with ancient man and even with For Professor Pretty, the physical and
Or pick up a nature find – a leaf, berry or
the wild beasts that preceded him.’ mental health benefits of exercise – and of
twig – and run with it for a little while. The
While running isn’t an essential contact with nature – don’t necessarily have
physicality of having it in your hand can
for our survival these days (though to come as a package. ‘It’s a lot better than
help embed you in your environment.
I know many runners who’d zero to go to the gym or run on a treadmill,’
disagree!), it has the potential to he points out. Equally, it’s better to get
Embrace the rough
be so much more than just putting outside and sit on a bench – or even look
and tumble
one foot in front of the other. ‘We can make at natural scenes on a screen or through a
For Dr Brown, the way to avert
running much more than sport or exercise window – than to be completely detached
monotony in running is to seek out terrain
– more than endurance, more than strength from nature. ‘The synergistic benefit
that is absorbing. ‘Don’t avoid the mucky
or speed,’ believes Cregan-Reid. doesn’t mean that either one on its own
section or go round the puddles,’ she says.
And when we do, there’s so much more is not also of value,’ he adds.
‘Ask yourself if you want to live a life in
to be gained from it. ‘Running offers a more I agree. I love my encounters with nature
which you always have clean trainers!’
multifaceted way of looking at a landscape, that don’t involve running, just as I relish
engaging all your senses and honing mental urban running and, sometimes, intense
skills such as spatial awareness and effort
Go tech-free
racing. For me, though, running in natural
At the very least, don’t listen
judgement,’ says Dr Brown. ‘That builds surroundings offers the ultimate way to
to audio, which will inevitably
you as a body, as a mind, as a person.’ deepen my connection to place and to myself
distract you from your environment. If you
In a study published in the journal – and to facilitate the exploration of both.
can also leave your watch at home, that’s
Qualitative Research In Sport, Exercise And ‘Running has laid down a long, open road
all to the good. ‘Running becomes less
Health, John Hockey analysed observations ahead of me,’ writes Cregan-Reid. Exactly so.
restorative when you get too hung up
about measurement,’ says Cregan-Reid.
Chinese athlete
Jiaju Zhao leads
the 168km race
‘ELITE!
ELITE!
ELEEETE!’
the runner in front of me screamed, diving left into the jungle
undergrowth. Despite my protestations that I was neither ‘elite’
nor moving very fast, a conga line of runners hurled themselves
left and right as I careered madly down the impossibly steep
final run to the finish line. Over 30 hours after starting, I was
just minutes away from finishing Thailand by UTMB (now
called Doi Inthanon Thailand by UTMB).
My journey to get here had actually begun several years ago.
Like many runners, I had signed up for this race before the
pandemic and after a series of false starts, I had been told only
three weeks earlier that the Kingdom would finally be open
again for tourists – albeit with several restrictions, including
double vaccinations and a 24-hour quarantine period.
With those logistical boxes ticked, I lined up for the start
and it was worth the wait – firstly, fireworks and smoke filled
the air around us, which was a far cry from often muted UK
start lines, where someone in a fluoro bib shouts ‘Go!’. One by
one, a small group of foreign runners was called to the front
and introduced to the crowd. I sheepishly joined some of the
biggest names in ultrarunning, awkwardly feeling the pressure
of the thousands of eyes smiling at me.
Seconds later, we were off at a startling pace. Having signed
up for Inthanon 6 (known as Summit 160 in 2022), the longest
of the races – 168km and with a dizzying 9,000m of vertical gain almost maniacal frenzy, reminded once 01 / Magnificent temple
– I knew I was in for a long day. And night. more just how much I love this sport. views await trail
Well-stocked aid stations and more runners in Thailand
SUMMITS UP 2,500m
DOI INTHANON
BY UTMB 2022
The course for the 2022 event has been
altered, but the route still takes in
largely the same area in the stunning
Doi Inathon park in northern Thailand
Laos
Doi Inthanon
2565 m
Thailand
Cambodia
Gulf of
02 Thailand
16.3km 10.3km 10.8km 13.2km 9.7km 9.5km 6.1km 9.7km 14.6km 5.1km
06
SWEATING
THE
DETAILS
Where is the race?
Doi Inthanon by UTMB is held
in the Doi Inthanon National
Park, approximately one hour’s
drive from the city of Chiang
Mai. Known as the ‘Roof of
Thailand’, it is the location
of the country’s highest
mountain, standing 2,565m
above sea level, and is famous
for waterfalls, remote villages
and evergreen cloud forests.
10
09
GEAR UP
All UTMB World Series events require runners to carry certain items. The kit list is fairly
comprehensive, but there are a few other key items that can make the difference between
an enjoyable race and a DNF. For Doi Inthanon by UTMB, I’d suggest adding the following:
11
08 / The highest point more than ‘sawadee khap/ka’ (hello) of more manageable bites. The old saying, ‘How do you eat an
in Thailand – the twin
and ‘kap kun khrap/ka’ (thank you) but elephant? One mouthful at a time,’ was a constant thought.
chedis of Phra Mahathat
Naphamethanidon I did my best to greet other runners as While the first night of any ultramarathon is one of my
and Naphaphon we passed each other. More often than favourite times, the second night is my least favourite. As the
Phumisiri not, the exchange of a smile and a look sun sets, the realisation that sleep has evaded me for two nights
09 / Filipino runner provided more connection than words always weighs heavy. And so, with the sun moving lower on the
John ‘Stingray’ Onifa in any language could. horizon below Doi Inthanon, I did the unthinkable: I lay down
comes into one of
the checkpoints
One false summit led to another and on the trail and closed my eyes. The late afternoon sun felt
10 / Hard-won
I began to think I’d never get to the temples. pleasant and warming. My aching limbs relaxed to make the
medals decorate The heat from the mid-afternoon sun bore experience all the more pleasurable. I was down, but I wasn’t
the race village down on my back and my speed-hiking out, I told myself. Fifteen minutes of sleep would be a welcome
11 / James finishes turned to a slow walk. Tiny bamboo fillip and I’d get going again, I thought in my drowsy haze.
the 168km race, shacks littered the climb, providing Alas, I didn’t get to find out how those 15 minutes would have
exhausted but elated
shelter for the local farmers who had rejuvenated me, as a well-meaning runner was soon checking if
more sense than to work the fields in I was okay. Despite my protestations, he helped me to my feet.
the heat. They looked at us in silence. I soldiered on, my new friend closely behind. The five minutes
By this stage, I had been running for of rest had given me renewed pep and I began to pass others.
around 28 hours and a combination of The trail had become increasingly crowded as we met with the
P H OTO G R A P H Y: K N OWJAC K M E D I A . M A P I L LU S T R AT I O N : W I K I P E D I A
jet lag, heat and fatigue had me moving tail end of Inthanon 3 – the 54km race that had begun at 6am
in a staccato fashion. I would make ‘deals’ that morning. These runners were battling the 14-hour cut-off
with myself to reach a certain tree or and as I passed them, many resembling extras from The Walking
structure before resting, breaking the Dead, I offered words of encouragement. ‘Nice work, nearly
seemingly endless climb into a series there,’ I said, not sure if the words were meant for them or me.
Finally, the twin temples, resplendent in gold and white,
appeared in front of me. I was exhausted but elated. The sun was
I LAY DOWN ON THE all but gone and the peaks of the temples cast long shadows
across the ground, but the climbing was over and all that
TRAIL AND CLOSED remained was 8km of single-track down to the finish line far
MY EYES. THE LATE beneath me. This marked that wonderful point in any ultra – the
moment you know you’re going to make it – and I was able to
AFTERNOON SUN savour every step to the finish of this unique, remarkable race.
FELT PLEASANT
AND WARMING Doi Inthanon Thailand by UTMB 2022 takes place on 8-11 December.
inthanon.utmb.world
72
ROOT FOR VEG
Warm those winter
nights with four hearty
vegetable dishes that
are bursting with the
nutrients you need
to power through
your runs
TRAINING
SORE POINTS
What causes post-workout muscle
soreness and what can you do to ease it?
IMAGINE going to the What is DOMS? day after the race was an enormous
ROLL POSITION
gym for the first time or It’s a term used for the stiffness and Many runners use challenge. This is because you had
after an extended break. discomfort you experience some foam rollers as a run further and at a higher intensity
Following a good warm-up time after completing exercise; it’s recovery tool, on race day than you had in your
though not usually
you go to the squat rack, load up the bar generally felt between 24 and 72 months of training.
on the track…
and crack on. ‘This doesn’t feel too bad,’ hours after the offending session.
you think. You complete your workout When we exercise, we create What causes it?
and head home with the afterglow of micro-trauma in our muscles. This DOMS is more likely to develop and
feeling fitter than you thought you were. might sound like something to avoid, is particularly uncomfortable after
That night, you dream of PBs to come. but it’s actually a necessary part of a running session or a race with lots
The next morning, you get ready training. Also known as myofibril of fast downhill running. This is
to spring from your bed with your tearing, this micro-level damage because running descents involves
new-found strength, but your legs triggers your body to go into repair an increase in what is known as
creak and your hamstrings feel like mode using its natural inflammatory eccentric muscle contractions.
P H OTO G R A P H Y: G E T T Y I M AG E S
a collection of old rubber bands. response. With adequate recovery, Imagine yourself doing a chin-up.
Welcome to delayed onset muscle this helps you to become stronger. If your body is hanging from the bar,
soreness (DOMS). Whether it’s from DOMS is likely to occur when you you squeeze the muscles in your
the gym or running on roads or trails, introduce something new to your arms, shoulders and back to pull
most runners will have experienced training regime or push beyond your your body up – this is known as a
DOMS at some point – but what’s current training limits. If you’re a concentric contraction. In this type
actually going on and is it something marathon runner, think back to your of contraction, a protein in your
to be concerned about? first one. Descending the stairs the muscles called myosin binds to another
HAVE EXPERIENCED
aids intended to reduce this
bet. In general, however, the best way to
might actually have a negative
recover well is to sleep well, eat well and
THAT BASE
excited feeling in my brain. I sat glued unless you want to feel deflated or get
to my TV screen as Shalane Flanagan injured as that big race approaches.
fought to defend her NYC title. When Base training takes place one to two
she crossed the finish line in third months before the four- to six-month
place (Mary Keitany was first), she marathon training plan begins. It’s
Lay the groundwork now to prep gave the huge crowd a wave and said, similar to a marathon training plan in
‘I love you.’ I saw all the runners – that it has shorter runs on weekdays
for spring marathon training, more than 52,000 finishers – looking and one long run on the weekend. It
says runner and writer Ali Nolan at once exhausted and gleeful. At first also incorporates strength training to
filled with envy, I was then struck build your muscles as you add mileage.
with marathon fever and promptly Experienced runners have the
signed up for a February marathon, muscle memory and cardiovascular
which was about 12 weeks away. preparedness to jump into a more
For months before this sudden urge structured training programme three
to do another 26.2, my running had or four months from the race, says
stagnated. A major house move, too running coach Erica Coviello. But
much CrossFit and an achy hamstring runners who don’t log many miles per
had left me logging 15 miles per week, week and who haven’t raced longer
KEEPING
distances need to prep their muscles, five sets to push the needle,’ he says.
VO2 max (the measurement of the ‘My athletes really notice strength
maximum oxygen delivery and benefits that can unlock performance
utilisation for cardiovascular
exercise), haemoglobin counts YOUR PACE improvements throughout the
remainder of the training cycle.’
SLOW IS
(a substance in red blood cells that Base training is also the best time
makes it possible for blood to carry to prime your fast-twitch muscles
oxygen around your body) and with plyometric strength moves, such
cardiac output (the amount of blood
your heart pumps each minute) to
safely make it to race day.
THE POINT as jumping lunges. This will help
increase speed and decrease the
chance of injury when you add race-
‘First-time marathoners who specific paces and speed workouts
haven’t been running high mileage to your marathon training.
for a long time don’t yet have the
physical adaptations necessary to for building mileage is the 10% rule – Fine-tune your schedule
meet the demands they’re about to take the number of miles you ran in Base training has huge physical
put on their bodies through marathon the last week and increase it by 10% benefits. Moreover, it gives you a
training,’ says Coviello. ‘More time for the current week. For instance, chance to work on your nutrition,
is required to give them a chance to if you ran 20 miles last week, it’s two establish a running routine and
better stress the musculoskeletal and more miles this week. Most of the identify any deficits that could
cardiovascular systems and recover extra distance will be in your long run. derail your marathon training.
from that stress to build a stronger This idea of gentle progression has ‘I also think it’s essential for
body, so they can achieve their goals.’ been around since at least the 1970s. building mental toughness,’ says
If you want to make the most of Coviello finds the best results come Moran. During the base phase, you’re
your marathon training, here’s how when she bumps up the long runs each just putting in the work of repetitive,
to set yourself up for success by week for three to four weeks, followed slow miles, he notes. It isn’t flashy, but
building your base first. by a recovery week, where she runs it is a good way to see how much you
slightly less – about a 15% reduction in can suffer – how long can you be
Don’t run your easy miles too fast mileage spread over all the runs during comfortable with being uncomfortable?
In the base stage, you’ll increase that week. You’ll still do a long run, But the suffer-fest shouldn’t lead
START OFF ON
THE RIGHT FOOT overall mileage volume each week and just not as long. The stepdown weeks to injury or burnout. The steady
Build your body introduce longer runs, but these miles are pivotal as you build your base. build-up of base training can prevent
and mind before should not be particularly speedy. ‘The human body reacts to stress,’ these two common problems.
you begin your
In fact, keeping your pace slow and Coviello says. ‘In order to become a By giving yourself the time to train
marathon training
your breathing steady is the point. better runner, you need to both put correctly, you’re being kind to your
‘Base building harnesses the yourself through a certain amount of body. Patience will bring rewards and
benefits of low-intensity training,’ specific stress and be able to recover being prepared will get you to the start
says Andrew Moran, a running from it, which is where growth and line stronger than you thought possible.
coach and physio who specialises adaptation happen.’
in orthopaedics and sports medicine
rehab. An important part of this Work on your strength
phase is that you build ‘capillary If you’ve missed the memo on how
density’ for key running muscles important strength training is for M A XIMISE
such as your calves, quads and glutes, running, the base-training cycle is
according to Moran. Think about the the perfect time to build in a day or YOUR BASE
capillaries as if you’re creating more two of resistance training per week.
roads for the delivery of oxygen to Strength training leads to stiffness WITH THE RPE
muscle tissues that need it most. adaptation in the tendons we use for
Having more capillaries leads to running. The stiffer the tendons, the LONG RUN
improved aerobic capacity. better we perform and bounce back
To ensure you’re not running from long, hard miles.
In the latter half of the base
too fast, try the well-known talk ‘This is when I have my athletes
stage, do a 90-minute easy
test: can you speak at the pace you’re working pretty heavy in the weights
run using rate of perceived
going without gasping for air? If not, room,’ Moran says. For his runners in
P H OTO G R A P H Y: D R E W R E Y N O L D S
back at the sessions you did in the lead-up faster paces. Try this: 2 x 800m, then ensure you’re such as ‘stay relaxed
to your best performances. In your log 2 x 600m, both with 3-min recoveries, enjoying your and focused’ can help
you’ll be able to see the intervals, the 5 mins rest, then 3 x 400m with 90-sec running, as it when you’re struggling,
recoveries and the times you were able to recoveries, 4 mins rest, then 2 x 300m makes achieving as can using various
hit. These recorded sessions can be used with 90-sec recoveries, 3 mins rest, then flow more likely. visualisation techniques
for your benchmark sessions in the future. 2 x 200m with 60-sec recoveries. such as imagining you’re
The sessions don’t always need to indicate Fartleks are also great for adding surges approaching the finish
PB fitness levels – they may instead be used of pace, or you could add strides at the end line of your goal race.
to guide you on a good pacing plan for a of a run. Decline in speed is also caused by Listening to motivational
race. You may also have your own running age-related reduction in muscle mass, as it podcasts may also boost
routes on which you’ve run notable times. results in less force production with each your ability to focus.
A FRESH TAKE ON
MAXIMISING YOUR
RUNNING ENJOYMENT
BY CORY WHARTON-MALCOLM
03
Declutter your days
Plan as far in advance as
WITH SO MUCH TO DO AND SO
you can. This may limit your
LIT TLE TIME , running can get
05
spontaneity, but something Do not disturb
squeezed out. Lack of time
has to give. So find the things Set boundaries with yourself,
– whether actual or perceived – can
in your life you think are others and technology, and stick to
be the biggest barrier to running as
wasting your time and cut them. How much time do you spend
often as you might like. Here are a
them out. Also, plan for aimlessly scrolling? Or playing games?
few suggestions that have helped me
your run. How much time Of course, we all need downtime, but
to find time. Some of them may seem
do we waste looking for a how much of that time could you
obvious or overly simple, or they might
sock or charging a watch? reclaim? I gradually worked on taking
even seem as if they could not make
If you’d prepared the night my phone screen time down from
a difference, but believe me, everything
before, you could have been something ludicrous to between an
in this list has helped me and others
out the door already. hour and two hours a day, which is
to reclaim a little time to run.
still a lot. But think about it like this
01
Review your diary – scrolling five times a day for five
Cory Wharton-
Get a diary and map out your minutes at a time could instead have
Malcolm is a
days. What do they look like? Is there been a satisfying 25-minute run.
coach and founder
anything that could be shifted to make
more time? Could you bunch things
together to minimise travel?
of TrackMafia
Running. 06 Have a mantra
I find a mantra to be hugely
Instagram: empowering, especially if I find
02
Repurpose your time @bitbeefy, that I’m feeling flustered
Are there instances where you @trackmafia_ or not fully in control.
could use travel time for running time? I take a moment to
Could you run between meetings? pause, breathe and say,
Run to work? Run to a date or dinner?
And yes, I have done all of these. (My 04 Know thyself
You know when you’re putting
‘I am in control of my
life and my time.’ It
favourite was running to dinner, taking something off, making excuses or being helps me to reset
a dry shower with baby wipes and a truthful. You may tell others how little and start again.
flannel in the restaurant toilet and being time you have when the reality is you I find this
handed my clothes through a small don’t actually want to make the time, as really helpful
crack in the door.) I have been in virtual other things feel more important. So, when I have a packed day
meetings while on the run with my work out what you have to do, then act or week. Find your words
camera and audio off, which I switched on it. Can you get up earlier to fit in of inspiration and see
I L L U S T R AT I O N S : A DA M N I C K E L AT SY N E R GY A R T
on when I wanted to comment. a run, or go a little later? Probably. how much they can help.
No problem off of the following: off of the following: shuffles, bicycle kicks, run (5 mins easy,
reverse lunges, planks, burpees hip bridges, bird dogs, 5 mins moderate,
Here are some sub-25-
minute workouts I do walk-outs and squats and side planks / clamshells and hip 5 mins hard,
when I’m short on time / 7-min run 4-min run thrusters / 4-min run 5 mins easy)
HELPS
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1 tbsp rapeseed oil
2 tbsp honey
1 tbsp butter
1 orange, quartered
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By Renee McGregor
Mixed
messages
Nutrition guidelines for
the general population
aren’t always what
runners need to follow.
Here’s why
height and weight, and while are also physically very active eating guidelines while also know that this doesn’t give you
it often serves as a measure of and have high energy needs? training hard. In many such cases, the green light to eat sugar for
healthy weight, many athletes For example, the Scientific following the general nutritional breakfast, lunch and dinner, or
with a larger but lean frame Advisory Committee on Nutrition guidance leads to underfuelling, even suggest it’s fine to consume
fall into the obese category by (SACN) recommends that added poor performance and, in some highly processed foods. I discuss
default, with no consideration sugar should account for no more cases, difficult and dysfunctional this and more in my latest book,
for body composition. However, than 5% of our energy intake – relationships with food. More Fuel You: Understanding
BMI data continues to be used the equivalent of 30g for adults. Your Body And How To Fuel
for general weight classification But for endurance runners, So how do you achieve Your Adventures (£14.95,
because it’s easy to collect and the recommendation is that balance as a runner? Vertebrate Publishing Ltd).
non-invasive. for runs above 60 minutes While this disparity doesn’t
Regardless of the accuracy of (high intensity) or 90 minutes mean you should discard all
using BMI as a marker, we know (moderate intensity), they should public health nutritional Renee McGregor is a leading
that being overweight carries be consuming 30g to 60g of carbs guidance, it should encourage sports dietitian with over 20 years’
more risk of developing chronic per hour, ideally glucose and/or you to carefully consider what experience. reneemcgregor.com