Escola Oficial d’Idiomes d’Elx

C1 Year 1 – 1B Linkers
B2 Year 2 – 1B Linkers
REASON

because of + noun - We couldn’t arrive on time because of the delay.

due to + pronoun - We couldn’t arrive on time due to this.
owing to + ing - We couldn’t arrive on time owing to the delay.

because of the fact that

- We couldn’t arrive on time because of / due
due to the fact that + full sentence
to / owing to the fact that there was a delay.
owing to the fact that

PURPOSE

Same subject main/subordinate

To - I went to the school to talk to the teacher.
In order to + infinitive - We are working harder in order to earn more money.
So as to - We moved the table so as to have more space.

Different subject main/subordinate

+ can
- I stayed longer so that she could leave sooner.
+ could
So that + full sentence
+ will - He gave her a present so that she would feel better.
+ would

+ noun - I went to the school for the meeting.

For + pronoun - I came here for that!
+ ing (!) [Very specific] - This diet is good for gaining weight.

CONTRAST

- We enjoyed our camping holiday although / even though

Although
it rained every day.
- Although / Even though he worked very hard,
Even though + full sentence
he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
- He still argues, though he knows he's wrong.
Though
- Snow is not predicted; we can expect some rain, though.
 Escola Oficial d’Idiomes d’Elx
C1 Year 1 – 1B Linkers

In spite of + noun - Despite the pain in his leg he completed the marathon.
+ pronoun - We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of that.
Despite + ing - Despite having the qualifications, they didn’t offer me the job.

- He didn't manage to pass in spite of the fact

In spite of the fact that + full sentence
that he worked very hard.
- Despite the fact that the sun has been shining,
Despite the fact that + full sentence
the snow has not melted yet.

CONDITION

As soon as - Come to see me as soon as you can.

As long as - You can stay here as long as you work hard.

Provided that - We'll go fishing provided that it doesn't rain.

Providing - We'll go fishing providing it doesn't rain.

Before/After + Present tenses - Add the salt before/after you boil the water.

Just in case (simple, perfect, etc.) - I’ll take my umbrella just in case it rains.

Unless - You won’t pass the exam unless you study.

Until - Don’t call me until she gets there.

Whether - I wonder whether he really wants to do it.

Once - Send me a photo once you get there, please.