pilgrimages and fasts.

 Initially Hindus belonging to high castes remained aloof from the Sufi saints.
It was only during the reign of Akbar that some of the Persian educated Hindus began to show
interest in the Sufi philosophy of the Chisti order.
The liberal and tolerant attitude adopted by Akbar and his successors made the Sufi literature and
thought popular among the Hindu intellectuals.
The Sufi doctrine of Universal Brotherhood (sulh-i-kul) was adopted by Akbar in his attempt to
establish a national state in India.

Mystical or Sufi literature:

 Doctrinal Texts:
The Sufi doctrines in India are based upon some well known works such as the Kashf-ul-Mahjub of
Hujwiri, which gives biographical details and other aspects of their thought from the days of
Prophet.
Shaikh Shihabuddin Su_hrawardi's Awarif-ul Maarif is the second such work. Both of them accepted
the superiority of the Shariat (Islamic Code). They argued that Sufis must obey the Sharia. To them
Sharia, Marifat (gnosis) and Haqlqat (reality) were interdependent.

 These are another category of literary work written in Persian. Under this category:
The treatises written by the suns on mysticism;
Collection of letters written by sufis;
Malfuzat (discourses by sufi saints);
Biographies of sufis and
Collection of sufi poetry.
 Prince Dara Shukoh wrote:
Sakinatul Uliya is a biographical account of the sufi Miya Mir and his disciples.
The Majm'aul Bahrain (Mingling of two Oceans) is his other work related to sufism. In this work he
has compared the Islamic sufi concepts with Hindu philosophical outlook.