The Effects of Using Social Media

in the Academic Performances of Grade 11 - ABM Students of

Surigao Del Norte National High School

A Research Paper Presented To

SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Academic Track

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) Strand

by:

Kevin Roy C. Escamillian

Joyce Caburnay
Lean Jane Lerio
Marrah Gorriding

June 2022
 Table of Contents

Words of Gratitude
……………………………………………………………………………………………i
Scope and Delimitation
…………………………………………………………………………………i

Chapter
I. Introduction
…………………………………………………………………………………………1-5
Significance of Study …………………………………………………………………5
Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………………6

II. Review of Related Literature ……………………………………………7-11

III. Methodology
………………………………………………………………………………………11

References
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………
Appendix
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
Words of Gratitude

First of all, the researchers would like to express their deep gratitude to the Lord Almighty who

has not failed to give them the strength, knowledge and peace of mind to finish this study.

They also thank their teacher at Practical Research 1 for teaching and guiding them throughout

their research. It is also a great privilege and honour under their guidance.

Third, to their parents who are relentlessly supporting them morally and financially .It is

interesting that they still support the researchers in some way that will help them to finish their

research successfully.

And finally , their gratitude to all the people who support their abilities and never stop believing

in them.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents.

That was a source of inspiration and gave us strength when we

thought of giving up, continuing to provide their moral,

spiritual, emotional, and financial support. To our siblings,

relatives, friends and classmates who shared their words of

advice and encouragement to finish this study. And especially,

we dedicate this study to Almighty God, Thank you for guidance,

strength, power of thought, protection and skill. All this, we offer you.
 Chapter 1

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

Social media is all about communication and social interaction. Human being will

always communicate among themselves. Communication is a vital part of man’s life and

activities. Basically and traditionally used are parts of human body. Logically and progressively,

man makes use of tools. Thus, from ordinary, physical tools to extra-ordinary technological

tools and devices.

Sen(2015)said communication represents essential and very important human need as

well as basic human right. The least and most prominent is the mouth and other parts of the

body. When the receivers are far away some other media would be necessary. Early among

man’s media of communication are drum, trumpet, whistle etc. With event of time and

technology, radio, television, mobile phone and computer with the aid of internet became

popular modern means of communication. These modern communication devices have made

dissemination of information easy.

Afolabi(2012) shared the view that the world is a global village where information, ideas

products and designs travel from one part to the opposite end speedily. This is made possible

through the modern information and communication technology equipment.

Katz, Levin and Hamilton (2009) expressed the same view by saying that information that

usually takes many days or weeks to disseminate now takes seconds or minutes. It is now
possible for people to make interpersonal communication with others to get desired information

as quickly as possible from other areas of the country or from other countries with the use of

social media without leaving their immediate environment. This phenomenon is referred to as

global village.

Webster (2014) defined global village as a community in which the distance and isolation has

been dramatically reduced by all forms of electronic media.

The development of technology towards the end of 20 th century has made possible the

emergence of the internet, satellite and so on. Led to what is called social media. This has

become wild growing at the inception of the twenty first century. Communication can be a fun

with social media platform. Social media is a group of mobile marketing application that allows

the creation and exchange of users generated content. A social media is an online service or

platforms that focus on facilitating the building of social network among people who share

interest and activities on real life connections. Also, social media is a form of electronic

communication which facilitates interaction based on certain interests and characteristics. That

means not only the essential or necessary information could be communicated. Social media can

give room to friends, colleagues or groups to chart, discuss, jokes and so on. These have a way of

leasing stress and boredom. Thus, it makes one to become lively and active. Social media are

media for social interaction, using highly accessible and scalable publishing techniques. Social

media makes use of web-based technologies to transform and broadcast media monologues into

social dialogues and examples of such are Facebook, Twitter, Eskimi, and 2Go social

networking, Instagram and so on.

Kaplan (2012) in Kaplan and Haenlein (2010) attempted the classification of social media into

four categories: Space – timers- These are location and time sensitive. It gives consideration to

exchange of message with relevance for specific location and time. In this category are

Facebook, 2go, BB chat. Second category is the quick–time. This is time sensitive. They deal

with transfer of traditional social media application to mobile services by decreasing the time and

thereby increase quick delivery. These include posting twitter messages, and updating display

picture (dp), status update [2go]. The third category according to Kaplan (2012) is the space–

locators. This is location sensitive. This can exchange message with relevance for one specific

location which are tagged to certain place. Finally we have the slow–timers. These are neither

location nor time sensitive. They transfer traditional social media application to mobile devices.

Facebook was developed by Mark Zuckerberg a student of Harvard University and was launched

on February 4, 2004 for the student community to create fun. It was improved upon and made

use of in other universities and by 2006, facebook.com was launched to the rest of the world. In

less than one year of its worldwide launching, the registrants have millions. According to

Facebook Statistics (2012), Facebook has grown to become the biggest and most popular

social networking site with a population of above 500 million active users. As at 2014 Apampa

(2014) reported 750 million users of Facebook.

Social network site is any website that enables

users to create public profiles within that website and form relationship with other users of the

same website who access their profile. It is used to describe community base website, online
discussion forum, chat rooms and other social space online It is a website that allows users to

share information within a selected

group. It consists of a representation of each user (profiles), social links and a variety of

additional services. Different social media operates different and with different characteristic

features on the social

network site.

Boyd and Ellison (2007) cited Sundens (2003) in classifying and describing some features of

some social media. Some of the sites accept profiles of the users. Such profile may include name,

location, occupation, career or profession LinkedIn. Some site allows users upload pictures’, add

multimedia content or modify the look of their profile, for example, 2go allows the user to

update their status and change profile pictures. BB chat allows users change displayed picture,

name and status. Some allow users to search for co-users and share a list of contact and there are

sections dedicated to comments from friends and other users, such example is Facebook. Devices

are used to protect users’ privacy in order that the user can choose who or who cannot see his

profile.

Prensky (2001) made a divide between digital natives and digital immigrants. He considered that

among the users of social media, those born after 1980 made use of social media with ease than

those before the time. Social networking is of relevance in educational setting. This is because it

is gaining attention in research. The pool of data on the internet has become the repertoire of

knowledge library for research in education.

Livinstone and Brake (2010) reported that recent trend in America shows that about 47% of adult

make use of social network.

Lenhart, Purcell, Smith and Zickuhr (2010) made a report on 2009 that 37% online teenagers use

social networking site which increased to 55% three years later. Research and views in the

past have been that social networking was a means of distraction and time wasting for

school going people. Not only this, vices such as cyber bulling were reported to have been

acquired. Contrary to these views, recent research have shown that 69% of social media using

teenagers and 85% adults said people are mostly altruist. It was also reported that social

networking focused on supporting relationship.

This study considered that interest is an essential variable that affects learning. Student’s

engagement in social networking of their own interest could equally be of assistant to develop

interest in their studies if the social media in use is properly mapped out towards academic work,

following the law of cause and effect. The researchers found the Uses and Gratification Theory

(UGT) relevant and appropriate for this study. The theory was formulated by Blumer and Katz in

the 1970s as a reaction to traditional mass communication research emphasizing the sender and

the message. UGT deals with an approach to understanding why and how people actively seek

out specific media to satisfy specific needs. It focuses on the question, ‘what media do to people’

but rather ‘what people do with the media’. It discusses how users deliberately choose media that

will satisfy given needs and allow one to enhance knowledge, relaxation, social interaction,

diversion or escape.
The researchers collected this research info’s using questionares, interviews (thru online) and

observation. And made with describable qualities and characteristics. We the researchers also

generate verbal information in order to make all of the readers understand all of the opinions and

motivations easily.

Significance of Study

This research aims to determine the struggles students have in modular and online learning and

how they deal with the current situation. This study also aims to determine the effects of the new

normal on academic performance by students. It also helps different people and researchers

develop broader findings and then find solutions for this problem.

However, this study was relevant to the following groups;

Students- the students will know all of the effects

of social media in their academic performances and also get those things that might help them to

face those effects with knowledge.

Teachers/School Administration-the study can help the school leadership think of a way to

help alleviate the difficulties of the students such as giving fewer homework or conducting

Mental Health Webinar issues.

Parents - this study will teach them to prioritize and increase care for their children especially

since social media is one of the way that is being used during this new normal classes which is

new to them.

Guidance Counselor — as someone who plays a major role in developing students

’responsibility and care for their mental health, and also knows their problems, this study will

help them find which alternatives are appropriate to reduce student’s learning struggles and

getting those effects in using social media excessively.

Future Researchers-This study will serve as a guide in defending and knowing beyond the

validity of blended learning, and it will also strengthen their ability to understand research.

Statement of the Problem

This study determines the effects of using social media in their academic performances;

specifically, it seeks to answer the following:

What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;

a. Age

b. Grade/Year Level

c. GWA

How social media affects students in terms of;

a. Physical

b. Mental

c. Health

d. Academic Performance
*How the new way of learning online affected students ’academic performance

*How did the students ’learning habits change with the acquisition of the new normal?

*What is the coping mechanism for students to adjust to the new way of learning?

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

The Concept of Social Media

 The continuous change in social media makes it difficult to assign a fixed definition to it

(Kolan and Dzandza, 2018). Jack and Scott (2011) aver that there is no single recognized

definition for social media. Some scholars have, however, come up with different definitions

based on their individual perspectives. Lee and Louis (2016) define social media as the different

forms of online communication used by people to create networks, communities, and collectives

to share information, ideas, messages and other contents. Two things stand out in this definition:

social media is online communication; it depends on user-generated content. Using this

definition, we can understand social media to be a wide range of things such as messaging apps

like WhatsApp and viber, profile-based platforms such as Facebook and LinkedIn, video portals

such as YouTube and email clients such as Gmail.

Bryer and Zavatoro (2016) see social media as technologies that facilitate social

interactions, make possible collaboration, and enable deliberations across stakeholders. Mensah

(2016) describes it as a group of internet-based application that allows the creation and exchange

of user-generated contents. Ezeah, Asogwa and Edogor (2015) see social media as modern

interactive communication channels through which people connect to one another, share ideas,

experiences, pictures, messages and information of common interest. These definitions have

common general similarities: they coincide principally in three aspects – it is technology-driven;

it is interactive; and user-generated content.

A Brief Historical Overview of the Social Media

Many people like to link the history of the social media to the growth in communication

technology that has been occurring since the end of the 19th century. A common starting point is
Samuel Morse’s first telegraph, which he sent in 1844 between Washington, D. C and Baltimore

(Pappas, 2013). However, this type of communication does not qualify as a social media. First, it

did not take place online. Second, telegrams do not contribute to any larger community. Instead,

they are used to send individual messages between two people. So, while it is interesting to think

of social media as being part of a much larger continuum, the real history of social media starts

in the 1970s with the emergence of the internet. The first two social media sites were Six degrees

and Friendster, both of which are no longer around, despite playing influential role in starting

what has become a social media revolution.

According to Owusu and Agartha (2015), Six degrees is considered to be the first social media

site because it allowed people to make individual profiles and add others to their personal

network. It was officially launched in 1997, and lasted until 2001. A year later, in 2002, the site

Friendster emerged. Like Six degrees, it allowed users to make contacts and save them as part of

a personal network. People could also share videos, photos and messages with other users and

they were also able to leave comments on other people’s profiles, so long as they were part of

each other’s personal network. Social media later expanded. Sites like Myspace and LinkedIn

gained prominence in the early 2000s and sites like Photobucket, Flickr facilitated online photo

sharing, YouTube came out in 2005, creating an entirely new way for people to communicate

and share with each other across great distances (Pappas, 2013). Pappas (2013) wrote that by

2006, Facebook and Twitter both became available to users throughout the world. These sites

remain some of the most popular social networks on the internet (Kuppuswamy and Narayam,

2010). Other sites like Tumblr, Spotify, Foursquare and Pinterest began popping up to fill

specific social networking niches. Today, there is tremendous variety of social networking sites,
and many of them can be linked to allow cross-posting. This creates an environment where users

can reach the maximum number of people without sacrificing the intimacy of person-to-person

communication. We can only speculate about what the future of social media may look like in

the near future but it is clear that it will exist in some form or another for as long as humans are

alive.

Academic Achievement

Academic achievement represents performance outcomes that indicate the extent to

which a person has accomplished specific goals that were the focus of activities in instructional

environments, specifically in school, college, and university (Steinmayr, MeiBner, Weldinger

and Wirthwein; 2017). School systems mostly define cognitive goals that either apply across

multiple subject areas (e.g., critical thinking) or include the acquisition of knowledge and

understanding in a specific intellectual domain (e.g., numeracy, literacy, science, history).

Therefore, academic achievement should be considered to be a multifaceted construct

that comprises different domains of learning. Because the field of academic achievement is very

wide-ranging and covers a broad variety of educational outcomes, the definition of academic

achievement depends on the indicators used to measure it. Steinmayr et al (2017), aver that

among the many criteria that indicate academic achievement, there are very general indicators

such as procedural and declarative knowledge acquired in an educational system, more

curricular-based criteria such as grades or performance on an educational achievement test, and

cumulative indicators of academic achievement such as educational degrees and certificates. All

criteria have in common that they represent intellectual endeavors and thus, more or less, mirror

the intellectual capacity of a person.

Tuckman (2018) defines academic achievement as the apparent demonstration of understanding,

concepts, skills, ideas and knowledge by a person. It refers to how students deal with their

studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers in a

fixed time or academic year (Adane, 2013). Students’ academic achievement is the hallmark and

determinant of a student’s success and future. It plays an important role in producing the best

quality graduates who will become great leaders and manpower for the country; those who

would be responsible for the country’s economic and social developments. Academic

achievement defines whether one can take part in higher education, and based on the educational

degrees one attains, influences one’s vocational career after education. Besides the relevance for

an individual, academic achievement is of utmost importance for the wealth of a nation and its

prosperity. Salvation and Adzharuddin (2014), while conceding that students’ achievement is a

multidimensional construct, opined that it consists of three dimensions: students’ characteristics,

teacher/lecturers’ competencies and academic environment. Students’ characteristics dimension

concerns how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different

tasks given to them by their teachers. The determinants of this dimension are students’

intelligence, personality and socio-economic status (Salvation and Adzharuddin, 2014). Within

the academic context, for example, students’ ability to study and remember facts and being able

to communicate their knowledge verbally or down on paper enhances academic achievement.

 UNDERPINNING THEORETICALLY

This study is anchored on Time displacement theory. Time Displacement Theory was

developed by the leading mass media scholar, Maxwell McCombs. The basic tenet of the theory

is that people have limited amount of time to do a particular thing. Increased amount of time on a

particular activity will displace other activities (Mutz, Roberts and VanVeuren, 2013). According

to Newman (2016), when people increase the time they spend online engaging in social media,

time sacrifices will have to be made in other areas, such as time spent on studying and doing

homework.

In terms of students’ use of the internet, Kim (2011) opine that time displacement may happen

because the internet which entertains young people with stimulating images as well as visual and

auditory effects is more attractive and immediately gratifying than school-related activities.

Consequently, using the internet will result in the displacement of academic activities and will

eventually decrease the students’ academic achievements. Researchers have further reported that

problematic internet and social media use among adolescents bring negative outcomes in

academic achievement as well as social skills (Caplan, 2015; Koshal and Gupta, 2016.

This theory is applicable to this study because it is anticipated that students’ use of the social

media for educational purposes may affect their academic achievement positively while the non-

educational use of the social media, especially the recreational use, might negatively affect

students’ academic achievement.

 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This study was conducted among 100 Abm Students, who were students at Surigao del

Norte National High School in Surigao City. The participants provided consent before

responding to the survey. This study was conducted among full time students who were willing

to participate in the study and honestly answer all the questions. The questions were simple,

easy, and translated in Surigaonon language for a better understanding of the questions. The

objective was to obtain accurate information from non-English speaking students. Students who

did not respond to the questions appropriately were excluded from the study. Prior to data

collection, they were informed about the objectives and

methods of the study. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to the students and requested

them to read the

questions carefully and answer all the questions accurately and

honestly. The collected data were kept confidential. The

questionnaire assessed the following variables: age, time spent

on the internet to use social media (hours),purposes for which

social media platforms were used (academic purposes, chatting,

gaming, or movie viewing), social media preoccupation and

distraction from academic or learning activities.

APPENDIX

Questionnaires to be used:
1. Does your social media affects your productivity in your studies?

2. Do you think use of social medial has affected your study timing?

3. How long do you spend on social media per day?

4. Does social media hurt or improve our learning?

5. Do you agree that social media is a form of distraction?

References

Effects-of-Social-Media-on-the-Academic-Achievement-of-Students.pdf (eajournals.org)

IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (ijser.org)