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Causes and statistical characteristics of

bridges failure in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Group Members:
1.SHAHAB AHMAD 10459
2.ABDUL-RAHMAN 10598
3.MEHRAN ULLAH 10548
4.HAMMID ZAHIR SHAH 10617

SUPERVISOR:
ENGR. MUHAMMAD FAHAD ULLAH
Table of contents
➢Introduction
➢Problem statement
➢Objective
➢Literature Review
➢Methodology
➢Work schedule
➢References

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Introduction
A bridge is a structure which maintain communication over an obstacle like river etc.
There are many types of bridges like;( Arch bridges, span bridges, steel bridges).
It is very difficult to design a bridges due which some mistakes and miscalculations
and some design error occur during construction which lead to failure.
Bridge failure is common issue in many nations due to this many peoples loss their
life's and also it is a great economical loss for every country.
The life of a bridge is 70 to 80 years when flood or some natural disaster appear the
bridge failure occur in large quantity during flood or some other natural events in
every nation.

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Introduction
The main or principal causes of bridges failures is external(design error construction
mistake) and internal(over load, collision) causes.
And also we study that about 9% of the bridges failed due to deterioration. It is not
for every bridge only for 9%.
And also the causes of bridge failures categorized in which including construction,
natural disasters, design, accidental load, and durability, among which the total
proportion of construction and natural disasters was more than 70%.

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Introduction
Many scholars which have conducted a
large number of studies on the causes
of bridge failures. And they conclude
different results and shows different
causes of bridges failure but among
them natural disaster, constructions
error , overload and bridge collision is
common.
The classification methods of the
causes of bridge failure varies and not
unified approach.
https://www.dawn.com/news/1356597

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Problem statement
Design error, construction mistakes, miscalculations, collision, lack of software's
and modern techniques and overload are the top leading causes of bridge
failures, resulting in more than 70% of the bridge failures as we discussed above.
But the bridges are still collapsing during extreme loads and earthquakes and in
other natural events( hazards or disasters ) etc.
And one of the problem is the height of bridges during flood water hits the top of
the bridges which also cause bridge failure (pile cap displace).
Many software's and some modern methods or techniques and tools have been
invented in construction works with the help of which we are able to reduce the
this 70% gape and lead to accuracy and prevent the bridges from the failure and
collapsing.

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Objective
Our main objective is to find out what are the main causes and reasons of the
bridges failure and how to reduce the failure of bridges in KPK.
In this project we are try to achieve our goal and provide a better idea or solution
for the reduction of bridge failure to increase its serviceability and durability
because bridges failure are common in KPK.

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Literature review
Wardhana et al(2003) investigated 503 bridge failures and obtained the principal
characteristics of bridge failures from the aspects of structural type, material
type, service age, type of failure, and time of failure.
Lee et al(2013) 1062 bridge failures and analyzed the correlation between bridge
failure and structural type, material type, service age, type of failure, and time of
failure.
Zhou et al (2017) analyzed and compared the characteristics of bridge failures
and pointed out that the safety condition of bridges.
Xu et al (2016) only studied total collapsed bridges, and classified bridge types
into beam bridge, arch bridge, and define the types and classification standards
of failure characteristics.

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Methodology
Visit different
sites(offices, agencies)
study literature.
Collect existing data
from it. And also
some other
information's.
Then investigate the data
And address the problems
and errors in it.

And produce a suitable

solution for it.

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Work Schedule/plan

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References
Cook, W.(2004).Bridge failure rates, consequences and predictive trends. Utah
State University.
Hulya Sonmez Schaap & Alp Caner (2002).Bridge collapses in Turkey; causes
and remedies; Structure and infrastructure Engineering, 18:5,694-
709,DOI:10.1080/15732479.1832539
Rajeev Kumar Grag satish Chandra & Aman Kumar (2002) Analysis of bridge
failures in INDIA from 1977 to 2017, structure and infrastructure Engineering
18:3,295-312DOI:709,DOI:10.1080/15732479.2020.1832539.

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References
Zhang, G., Liu, J., Lan .,&Yang .,J.(2002). Causes and statistical characteristics
of bridges failures: A review. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
(English Edition).
Kim, H., Sim ,S,. H., Lee, Y.J.,& Kim, J.M(2007).Flood fragility analysis for
bridges with multiple failure modes. Advances in mechanical
Engineering,9(3),1687814017696415.

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